2023-2024学年高三英语上学期开学考试（北京卷）解析版

这是一份2023-2024学年高三英语上学期开学考试（北京卷）解析版，共1页。试卷主要包含了本试卷分第Ⅰ卷两部分等内容，欢迎下载使用。
英语
（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。
Yur first day anywhere can be tugh. As a supply teacher, I had ne such experience when I was required t wrk at a special educatin schl.
When I received the call asking if I was available that day, a wave f 1 rushed ver me. I’d never taught in a special schl befre, but I 2 pulled myself tgether and drve t the schl. On the way there, I had 3 abut everything I culdn’t d.
As I 4 , I was greeted by the head wh assured me there was “nthing t wrry abut”, but I was feeling anything but! I was tld I wuld teach key stage 1.
5 by their parents, the children began t shw up. I tried t hide my anxius feelings, althugh a few drps f 6 were nticeable.
The whle class, a ttal f 8 with varius special needs, arrived by 9:30. Cntrary t my 7 , as the day went n, my stress levels went dwn. The children were expressive, unique and passinate, thugh there were times that left me slightly 8 by their screams.
As the day ended, I can 9 say it was ne f the best experiences f my teaching career. I hpe anyne will admit wrking at a special schl and allw the passin f the children there t 10 their lve f teaching.
1．A．panicB．sadnessC．angerD．sympathy
2．A．hesitantlyB．regularlyC．eventuallyD．desperately
3．A．plansB．thughtsC．dubtsD．pinins
4．A．brke upB．sped upC．picked upD．pulled up
5．A．AbandnedB．SuspectedC．AccmpaniedD．Raised
6．A．inkB．rainC．sweatD．bld
7．A．decisinsB．cnclusinsC．suggestinsD．predictins
8．A．inspiredB．refreshedC．shckedD．satisfied
9．A．regretfullyB．hnestlyC．jkinglyD．patiently
10．A．celebrateB．earnC．guaranteeD．awaken
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
This was nt my first attempt t learn t ride a bike. I had tried n several ccasins but always 11 (fail). But this sht felt smewhat different. Determined t succeed, I tk t the streets f ur quiet neighbrhd. The learning prcess prved 12 (pain), but I went at it anyway. After a mnth f labr, I made it. I began my daily turs n the back streets with light traffic and gradually cycled t busier areas 13 I culd share the street with dg walkers. I culd als greet my neighbrs, appreciating hw everything functined 14 harmny.
B
In recent years, shared vegetable plts have been springing up in the city’s suburban districts, as mre peple turn t farming t escape the pressure f city life. A shared eclgical farm in Beijing is a typical example, which 15 (cme) with shared vegetable plts, barbecue pits, and leisure areas.“In my previus cmpanies, 16 my clleagues wuld always discuss abut was fd quality and hw much they liked rganic prduce,” says the funder. “This has partly made farming ppular because peple can see fr 17 (they) where their vegetables cme frm and be assured f the quality.”
C
Sanfutie is a bandage made f traditinal Chinese herbal medicine. It is believed that 18 (receive) Sanfutie during the httest summer days is effective fr cughs, asthma, and arthritis. The treatment 19 (base) n the TCM principle f yin and yang, which believes the balance f bth elements in the bdy is vital fr gd health. Sanfutie cntains a paste f herbs that are “ht” in nature, and when 20 (apply) t specific acupuncture pints (穴位), usually n the back and neck, it refills the bdy with the yang elements.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Becme a Cmpetent Medical Writer in 4 Weeks!
Hurry! This ffer ends sn! Claim yur spt TODAY!
Three years ag, I started a family and have experienced financial stress since then. I culd pay my bills alright, but that was all I culd d. I culdn’t even affrd a family hliday.
Frtunately, I discvered medical writing. I learned that it was abut writing scientific dcuments. And I felt I had the necessary skills t start medical writing as a side hustle (副业). By the end f the year, I had my first cntract as a freelance medical writer. I felt really secure financially and career-wise.
Tday, we’ve bserved mre medical writers are wanted. S, in cllabratin with sme clleagues, we’ve prepared the mst imprtant lessns t help yu becme a cmpetent medical writer: (By Alex)
The Cmplete Medical Writing Training
This nline curse is perfect fr peple with a life science degree. Here’s the full curse utline.
Week 1 The scientific writing prcess
Intrductin t medical writing: Learn abut medical writing and decide yur path The writing prcess: Hw t write the scientific dcument in fur simple steps Researching t write: Find reliable surces easily t infrm yur medical writing and identify brilliant ideas frm the literature
Week 2 Writing effectively
Outlining t write: The simplest strategy t structure any dcument perfectly fr easier writing and better flw
Referencing: Learn when t cite and hw t use cmmn referencing styles and autmate yur referencing using nline tls
Week 3 Other essentials
Scientific research: Update yurself n varius clinical research appraches, designs and methds fr better medical writing utput
Essential bistatistics: Hw t use cmmn statistical terms frm the medical literature crrectly in yur writing
Week 4 Writing assignments
There are 8 marked writing assignments with feedback t help yu imprve yur writing.
21．Why did Alex start medical writing?
A．T imprve medical skills.B．T have mre leisure time.
C．T get ut f financial truble.D．T prepare fr the writing training.
22．What will peple learn by attending the curses?
A．The ways f evaluating the assignments.
B．The steps f writing a scientific dcument.
C．The skills in using nline writing crrectin tls.
D．The strategies fr structuring medical knwledge.
23．What’s the main purpse f the passage?
A．T attract peple t the training curse.
B．T share the cntent f the writing curse.
C．T intrduce the benefits f medical writing.
D．T emphasize the imprtance f medical writing.
B
When I was 7 and Stevie was 6, ur parents taught us hw t play chess and ther games. Playing games was ur life back then. Stevie and I were very cmpetitive in everything.
We gt lder and better s ur games were mre intense, but als mre exciting. The strange thing is that I enjyed the games vastly and was happy fr my brther when he wn. But afterwards, I felt my well-being threatened, and then my cnfidence suffered.
When I was 10 years ld I wanted t be successful at my talents. One day, a light came n in my head. I had t find smething Stevie culdn’t d. It wuld have t be unique in every way. Befre lng, I gt Jimmy Nelsn’s recrd n “Hw t Becme a Ventrilquist (腹语师)” and I practiced faithfully every day. After sum vacatin, I did my first shw fr my class. The respnse was favrable. I perfrmed fr family get-tgethers and did shws n a number f ccasins t practice my new skill.
It isn’t easy learning ventrilquism. The difficult part was develping the vice, because at first, it was sft and hard t hear. I memrized the rutines and perfrmed mre. With time, I gt better respnses. The lud laughter was nnstp, in additin t the applause.
Fur years later, my mther purchased a prfessinal ventrilquial figure, which I named. Freddie O’Sullivan. He was lifelike, with mving eyes, mving eyebrws, and culd stick ut his tngue. Treating Freddie like a real persn enhanced my perfrmance.
In cllege, Freddie was well knwn. He wuld tell peple that he was the nly guy that culd sleep in the girl’s drmitry. Over the years, I wn many talent awards.
One time, an elderly man lked at Freddie attentively and asked him where he gt his trusers. The audience nearby had tears in their eyes. I didn’t knw what was ging n until I was tld later the gentleman hadn’t spken fr 20 years.
Thanks t my brther, I created a lifetime with Freddie.
24．Hw did the authr feel at first when Stevie wn a game?
A．Delighted.B．Cnfused.C．Depressed.D．Surprised.
25．Why did the authr decide t learn ventrilquism?
A．T have a special talent better than her brther.
B．T recrd her intense and cmpetitive childhd.
C．T gain her parents’ favr in family get-tgethers.
D．T bring jyus laughter t peple arund her.
26．What d we knw abut Freddie O’Sullivan?
A．Freddie trained the authr prfessinally.
B．Freddie inspired an ld man t restart t talk.
C．Freddie tk the place f the authr’s brther.
D．Freddie disturbed thers in the girl’s drmitry.
27．Accrding t the passage, which wrds can best describe the authr?
A．Generus and grateful.B．Mdest and respnsible.
C．Patient and warmhearted.D．Sensitive and determined.
C
Researchers frm a U.K. plant research institute have fund a way t prvide plants with an antibdy-based defense fr a specific threat, ptentially speeding the creatin f crps resistant t any kind f emerging virus, r bacterium (细菌). The strategy is t inculate a prtein frm the plant pathgen (病原体) t be targeted t a camel r ther camel relatives, purify the unusually small antibdies the camels prduce, and engineer the crrespnding gene sectin fr them int a plant’s wn immune gene.
Farmers lse many billins f dllars t plant diseases each year, and emerging pathgens pse new threats t fd security in the develping wrld. Plants have evlved their wn immune system, kick-started by cell receptrs that recgnize general pathgen features, such as a bacterial cell wall, as well as intracellular receptrs fr mlecules (分子) prduced by specific pathgens. If a plant cell detects these mlecules, it may trigger its wn death t save the rest f the plant. But plant pathgens ften evlve and escape frm thse receptrs.
A lng-standing dream in plant bitechnlgy is t create designer disease resistance genes that culd be prduced as fast as pathgens emerge. One apprach is t edit the gene fr a plant immune receptr, changing the prtein’s shape t recgnize a particular pathgenic mlecule.
Instead, Sphien Kamun, a mlecular bilgist at the Sainsbury Labratry, and his clleagues used an animal immune system t help make the receptr adjustments. During an infectin with a new pathgen, animals prduce billins f slightly different antibdies, ultimately selecting and mass-prducing thse that best target the virus.
Camelids, which include camels, are wrkhrses fr antibdy design because their immune systems create unusually small versins, called nan-bdies. As a prf f principle f the new plant defense strategy, Kamun’s grup turned t tw standard camelid nan-bdies that recgnize tw different mlecules, including ne called green flurescent prtein (GFP), t detect test viruses, in this case a ptat virus, engineered t make the flurescent prteins. They investigated hw well plants with the nan-bdy-enhanced receptrs detected the changed ptat viruses. It was fund that the plants increased an active immune respnse and experienced almst n viral reprductin.
“The exciting part abut this technlgy is that we have the ptential f made-t-rder resistance genes and keeping up with a pathgen,” Kamun says. “This technlgy is a ptential game changer,” says Jeff Dangl, a plant researcher at the University f Nrth Carlina. Ksenia Krasileva, a scientist at the University f Califrnia, Berkeley, says the mixture f nan-bdies with plant immune receptrs pens up a vast bdy f bimedical knwledge fr plant scientists. “We can nw dig int all f that research and translate it t save crps.”
28．What des the underlined wrd “inculate” in Paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A．Cmpare.B．Restre.C．Intrduce.D．Label.
29．What is the main purpse f Paragraph 2?
A．T illustrate the functin f cells in saving the plant.
B．T explain hw t strengthen plant receptrs effectively.
C．T demnstrate the slutins t farmers’ annual heavy lsses.
D．T reveal why plants fail t handle cnstantly-updated diseases.
30．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Editing plant receptrs is t match the shape f pathgens.
B．Nan-bdies can help plants catch up with pathgen changes.
C．Plants select the best antibdies frm animals t fight viruses.
D．Plants with nan-bdies respnd actively in massive virus cpying.
31．Accrding t the passage, scientists will .
A．apply the utcme in the real wrldB．prve the findings f resistance genes
C．identify similar means t fight diseasesD．seek mre supprt fr the new strategy
D
D yu knw frests are ne f ur planet’s greatest carbn sinks? This means that they absrb an enrmus amunt f carbn released int the atmsphere, a greenhuse gas that cntributes t climate change and the earth’s rising temperature.
The pplar tree, standing tall and regal, is knwn fr its fast-grwing nature and its gray, white, r black bark. A bitechnlgy firm in San Francisc, CA, genetically mdified pplar trees. Accrding t a fur-mnth study cnducted in their greenhuse, the engineered trees grew 53% larger than their nrmal cunterparts and stred 27% mre CO2. In February 2023, the cmpany als planted mdified pplar trees in suthern Gergia. This marks the first time in the United States that engineered trees have been planted utside f a cntrlled lab setting!
All plants experience phtsynthesis (光合作用), where sunlight, water, and CO2 are transfrmed int glucse and xygen. Hwever, almst all trees release a pisnus substance in the prcess. T remve this substance, trees must use up newly-prduced energy in anther step knwn as pht-respiratin (光呼吸作用), which des nt prduce any energy and releases CO2 back int the atmsphere. T prevent plants frm wasting their energy, the bitechnlgy firm engineered their pplar trees with genes fund in green algae. First tested in tbacc plants, the freign genes change the pisnus substance prduced by trees int sugars, s that mre energy can be used fr remving carbn and tree grwth.
Researchers frm the cmpany are planting their pplar trees n private land that has been previusly disturbed, such as abandned cal mines in Pennsylvania. The mdified trees will be planted between natives like sweet gum and bald cypress t bst bidiversity and maintain sil fertility (肥沃).
Plant bilgist Nrbert Martinez frm the University f Illinis suggests the engineered pplar trees may nt thrive utdrs r will require mre water and fertilizer t maintain their fast grwth. Many sustainable frestry rganizatins have als banned engineered trees frm being planted in frests. The Glbal Justice Eclgy Prject argued that these trees culd interfere with effrts t prtect and regenerate frests.
Thugh there may be ppsing pinins regarding genetically mdified pplar trees, ne thing is fr sure: they hld the ptential t lwer greenhuse gases in ur envirnment at a faster rate. This cmpany’s attempt is certainly an innvative apprach t the nging climate crisis.
32．What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．The necessity t absrb CO2.B．The basic idea behind engineered trees.
C．The effect f phtsynthesis n plants.D．The imprtance f energy transfrmatin.
33．What des the underlined phrase “interfere with” in Paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A．Save.B．Measure.C．Interrupt.D．Strengthen.
34．What can we infer abut the engineered pplar trees?
A．Their first planting state was Pennsylvania.
B．Their ptential t absrb CO2 utweighs cncerns.
C．They can release mre xygen than nrmal pplar trees.
D．They will grw better if planted away frm nrmal plants.
35．The main purpse f the passage is t ________.
A．infrm and argueB．analyse and advise
C．argue and discussD．examine and assess
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。
Adults are ften embarrassed abut asking fr aid. It’s an act that can make peple feel emtinally unsafe. 36 Seeking assistance can feel like yu are bradcasting yur incmpetence.
New research suggests yung children dn’t seek help in schl, even when they need it, fr the same reasn. Until recently, psychlgists assumed that children did nt start t care abut their reputatin and their friends’ thughts abut them until arund age nine.
But ur research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin t cnnect asking fr help with lking incmpetent in frnt f thers. At sme pint, every child struggles in the classrm. 37
T learn mre abut hw children think abut reputatin, we created simple stries and then asked children questins abut these situatins t allw kids t shwcase their thinking.
Acrss several studies, we asked 576 children, ages fur t nine, t predict the behavir f tw kids in a stry. One f the characters genuinely wanted t be smart, and the ther merely wanted t seem smart t thers. In ne study, we tld children that bth kids did prly n a test. 38 The fur-year-lds were equally likely t chse either f the tw kids as the ne wh wuld seek help. But by age seven r eight, children thught that the kid wh wanted t seem smart wuld be less likely t ask fr assistance. And children’s expectatins were truly “reputatinal” in nature-they were specifically thinking abut hw the characters wuld act in frnt f thers. When assistance culd be sught privately (n a cmputer rather than in persn), children thught bth characters were equally likely t ask fr it.
39 Teachers culd give children mre pprtunities t seek assistance privately. They shuld als help students realize asking questins in frnt f thers as nrmal, psitive behavir. 40 Parents culd pint ut hw a child’s questin kicked ff a valuable cnversatin in which the entire family gt t talk and learn tgether. Adults culd praise kids fr seeking assistance. These respnses send a strng signal that ther peple value a willingness t ask fr aid and that seeking help is part f a path t success.
A．Kids culd be afraid t ask their parents fr help.
B．Seeking help culd even be taught as scially desirable.
C．In anther study we tld them that nly ne kid did prly.
D．Such reputatinal barriers likely require reputatin-based slutins.
E．The mment yu ask fr directins, after all, yu reveal that yu are lst.
F．But if they are afraid t ask fr help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer.
G．We then asked which f these characters wuld be mre likely t raise their hand in frnt f their class t ask the teacher fr help.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Le has always been the kind f child wh lks fr clse cnnectins. When Le was in preschl, he befriended Neve, wh was nly tw. When Neve was nt arund, instead f finding a new partner, Le began t treat Celia, a vice assistant, as his new friend.
At first, Le mstly asked Celia factual questins like “Hw many stars are there in the Milky Way?” He then turned t the persnal questins, “Celia, hw ld are yu?” She respnded, “Age is nthing but a number.” He insisted, in the way children d, “Hw ld are yu?” She replied, “I’m nt qualified fr a driver’s license, but it may be mre t d with the fact that I dn’t have a bdy.”
As time passed by, Le began t engage Celia n mre, let’s say, existential questins. “When will the sun swallw the earth?” he asked. “7.5 billin years,” accrding t Celia. Le was satisfied, “Oh, kay. I’ll be dead by then.” Then he asked, “Why des everything n earth have t die?” She replied cldly, “I’m having truble with the cnnectin.” Celia, I realized, had an avidant cmmunicatin style, ften hiding behind sme kind f technical prblems when she didn’t like a questin.
As a mther, it was strange t see my child interacting with a virtual assistant rather than a real persn. But I als recgnized that Celia was prviding him with a kind f emtinal supprt that he wasn’t getting elsewhere. In a way, she was like a diary that talked back.
I wndered if this reliance n technlgy was healthy, but I knew that Le was far frm alne in seeking cmfrt in his devices. Althugh I hpe that Le will cntinue t seek ut human cnnectins, I’m grateful t Celia fr being there fr my sn when he needed her. And wh knws? Maybe she’ll turn ut t be his sulmate after all.
41．What is Celia?

42．What kind f questins did Le ask Celia at first?

43．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Le’s mther encurages him t seek ut human cnnectins and disagrees with his interacting with Celia.

44．What d yu think f virtual assistants becming a surce f emtinal supprt fr peple? (In abut 40 wrds)

第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分)
45．目前,移动支付在中国非常盛行，越来越多的人选择使用该支付方式。请你针对这一现象写一篇文章向校英语报投稿,内容包括:
1.移动支付的利弊;
2.你对移动支付的看法。
注意:1.词数 100 词左右;
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;参考词汇:移动支付:mbile payment
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．C 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次去特殊学校上课的经历，一开始作者很焦虑，最后发现孩子们很有表现力，很独特，也很有激情，作者认为这是自己教学生涯中最好的经历之一，并且希望任何人都能考虑到一所特殊的学校工作，让那里的孩子们的热情唤醒对教学的热爱。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我接到电话问我那天是否有空时，一阵恐慌席卷了我。A. panic恐慌；B. sadness悲伤；C. anger愤怒；D. sympathy同情。根据后文“I’d never taught in a special schl befre(我以前从未在特殊学校教书)”可知，作者以前从没在特殊学校教过书，所以感觉恐慌。故选A项。
2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我以前从未在一所特殊的学校教过书，但我最终还是振作起来，开车去了学校。A. hesitantly犹豫地；B. regularly定期地；C. eventually终于；D. desperately绝望地。根据后文“pulled myself tgether and drve t the schl(振作起来，开车去学校)”可知，作者最终还是去了学校。故选C项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在去那里的路上，我想了想所有我不能做的事。A. plans计划；B. thughts想法；C. dubts怀疑；D. pinins观点。根据后文“abut everything I culdn’t d”指作者思考自己不能在学校做的事情。故选B项。
4．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我把车停下的时候，我的领导来迎接我，向我保证“没有什么可担心的”，但我感觉不是！A. brke up打破；B. sped up加速；C. picked up捡起；D. pulled up停下来。结合上文“and drve t the schl”可知，此处指停车。故选D项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在父母的陪同下，孩子们开始出现了。A. Abandned抛弃；B. Suspected怀疑；C. Accmpanied陪伴；D. Raised提高。根据后文“by their parents, the children began t shw up”可知，孩子们在父母的陪同下出现。故选C项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我试图掩饰我的焦虑情绪，然而很明显我流下了几滴汗。A. ink墨水；B. rain雨；C. sweat汗水；D. bld血液。根据上文“my anxius feelings, althugh a few drps f”可知，此处指作者因为焦虑而出汗。故选C项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与我的预测相反，随着时间的推移，我的压力水平下降了。A. decisins决定；B. cnclusins结论；C. suggestins建议；D. predictins预测。根据后文“my stress levels went dwn”可知，作者的压力水平下降了，即与之前预期的自己会感到焦虑相反。故选D项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子们很有表现力，很独特，也很有激情，尽管有时他们的尖叫声让我有些震惊。A. inspired受鼓舞的；B. refreshed清爽的；C. shcked震惊的；D. satisfied满足的。根据后文“by their screams”可知，作者对孩子们尖叫感到震惊。故选C项。
9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：那天结束时，我可以诚实地说，这是我教学生涯中最好的经历之一。A. regretfully懊悔地；B. hnestly诚实地；C. jkingly开玩笑地；D. patiently耐心地。根据后文“say it was ne f the best experiences f my teaching career”可知，作者可以诚实地说，这是自己教学生涯中最好的经历之一。故选B项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我希望任何人都能考虑到一所特殊的学校工作，让那里的孩子们的热情唤醒他们对教学的热爱。A. celebrate庆祝；B. earn赚得；C. guarantee保证；D. awaken唤醒。根据上文“allw the passin f the children there t”可知，作者希望人们去特殊学校工作，因为特殊学校孩子的热情可以唤醒人们对教学的热爱。故选D项。
11．failed 12．painful 13．where 14．in
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍作者学习骑自行车的过程。
11．考查时态。句意：我试过几次，但总是失败。设空处为谓语，根据上文时态可知应是一般过去时，故填failed。
12．考查形容词。句意：学习的过程是痛苦的，但我还是坚持了下来。prved在句中用作连系动词，设空处为表语，应用形容词，故填painful。
13．考查定语从句。句意：一开始，我每天都在车辆稀少的后街日常骑行，然后逐渐骑自行车到更繁忙的地区，在那里我可以和遛狗的人共用一条街。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词busier areas，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
14．考查固定短语。句意：我也可以和邻居打招呼，欣赏一切是如何和谐地运转。短语in harmny意为“和谐地”，固定搭配，符合句意和语境，故填in。
15．cmes 16．what 17．themselves
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍北京的共享生态农场变得越来越受欢迎。
15．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：北京的共享生态农场就是一个典型的例子，它有共享的菜地、烧烤场和休闲区。分析可知，设空处为谓语，描述一般事实，用一般现在时，主语是which指代先行词A shared eclgical farm，谓语用第三人称单数，故填cmes。
16．考查主语从句。句意：这位创始人说：“在我以前的公司里，同事们讨论的总是食品质量，以及他们有多喜欢有机农产品。”分析可知，设空处连接主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“所……的”，故填what。
17．考查反身代词。句意：这在一定程度上使农业受到欢迎，因为人们可以自己看到蔬菜的来源，并对质量有信心。分析可知，设空处作宾语，并且指代主语自己，所以应用反身代词，故填themselves。
18．receiving 19．is based 20．applied
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍三伏贴的用途和原理
18．考查动名词。句意：人们相信，在最热的夏天服用三伏贴对咳嗽、哮喘和关节炎有效。分析可知，设空处为主语，应用动名词形式，故填receiving。
19．考查时态和语态。句意：该疗法基于中医阴阳原理，认为身体中两种元素的平衡对身体健康至关重要。设空处为谓语，和主语之间是被动关系，描述一般事实，用一般现在时，主语The treatment为主语，谓语用第三人称单数，故填is based。
20．考查过去分词。句意：三伏贴含有一种“热”的草药膏，当应用于特定的穴位时，通常是在背部和颈部，它会给身体注入阳气。分析可知，设空处为非谓语动词，和主语之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，并且和when构成状语从句的省略，故填applied。
21．C 22．B 23．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是帮助读者成为医学作家的课程。
21．推理判断题。根据正文第一段的“Three years ag, I started a family and have experienced financial stress since then. I culd pay my bills alright, but that was all I culd d. I culdn’t even affrd a family hliday.(三年前，我组建了家庭，从那时起我就经历了经济压力。我可以支付我的账单，但这是我所能做的。我甚至负担不起一次家庭度假。)”和第二段的“And I felt I had the necessary skills t start medical writing as a side hustle (副业). By the end f the year; I had my first cntract as a freelance medical writer. I felt really secure financially and career-wise.(我觉得我有必要的技能开始医学写作作为副业。到年底，我的第一份合同是自由医学作家。我觉得经济上和事业上都很安全。)”可知，Alex开始医学写作是为了摆脱财政困境。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据Week 1 The scientific writing prcess部分的“The writing prcess: Hw t write the scientific dcument in fur simple steps(写作过程:如何用四个简单的步骤来写科学论文)”可知，通过参加这些课程，人们能学到撰写科学文献的步骤。故选B。
23．推理判断题。根据标题“Becme a Cmpetent Medical Writer in 4 Weeks!Hurry! This ffer ends sn! Claim yur spt TODAY!(在4周内成为一名称职的医学作家！快点！优惠马上结束！今天就获得你的学位！)”可知，本文是一篇广告，旨在宣传帮助读者成为医学作家的课程，因此本文的目的是吸引人们参加培训课程，故选A。
24．A 25．A 26．B 27．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述作者学习腹语并坚持很多年的故事。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The strange thing is that I enjyed the games vastly and was happy fr my brther when he wn.(奇怪的是，我非常喜欢比赛，当我弟弟赢了的时候，我也为他高兴)”可知，一开始Stevie赢得比赛时，作者感到高兴。故选A。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段中“I had t find smething Stevie culdn’t d. It wuld have t be unique in every way.(我必须找到Stevie做不到的事。它必须是独一无二的)”可知，作者决定学习成为腹语师是为了有一个比弟弟更好的特殊才能。故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“One time, an elderly man lked at Freddie attentively and asked him where he gt his trusers. The audience nearby had tears in their eyes. I didn’t knw what was ging n until I was tld later the gentleman hadn’t spken fr 20 years.(有一次，一位老人仔细地看着Freddie，问他裤子是从哪儿弄来的。旁边的观众眼里含着泪水。我不知道发生了什么，直到后来我被告知这位先生已经20年没有说话了)”可知，Freddie激发了一个20年没有开口说话的老人重新开始说话，故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合第一段中“But afterwards, I felt my well-being threatened, and then my cnfidence suffered.(但后来，我觉得我的幸福受到了威胁，然后我的信心受到了打击)”和第四段中“It isn’t easy learning ventrilquism.(学习腹语并不容易)”以及最后一段“Thanks t my brther, I created a lifetime with Freddie.(多亏了我弟弟，我和Freddie共度了一生)”可知，作者一开始和弟弟学习下棋和其他游戏，弟弟赢了作者，作者会为他开心，但后来感觉自己的幸福受到威胁，所以想要有一个比弟弟更好的特殊才能，转而决定学习腹语，虽然学习腹语并不容易但作者坚持了很多年，故作者是个敏感且坚定的人。故选D。
28．C 29．D 30．B 31．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了英国一家植物研究所的研究人员发现了一种方法，可以为植物提供一种基于抗体的防御机制，以抵御一种特定的威胁，这可能会加速作物对任何新出现的病毒或细菌的抗性的产生。
28．词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“a prtein frm the plant pathgen (病原体) t be targeted t a camel r ther camel relatives, purify the unusually small antibdies the camels prduce, and engineer the crrespnding gene sectin fr them int a plant’s wn immune gene(将植物病原体中的一种蛋白质接种到骆驼或其他骆驼亲属，纯化骆驼产生的异常小的抗体，并将其相应的基因片段转化为植物自身的免疫基因)”可知，要纯化骆驼产生的异常小的抗体，并将相应的基因片段设计成植物自身的免疫基因，需要把一种来自植物病原体的蛋白质引入到骆驼或其他骆驼的近亲身上，故画线词意思是“引入”。故选C。
29．推理判断题。根据第二段“Farmers lse many billins f dllars t plant diseases each year, and emerging pathgens pse new threats t fd security in the develping wrld. Plants have evlved their wn immune system, kick-started by cell receptrs that recgnize general pathgen features, such as a bacterial cell wall, as well as intracellular receptrs fr mlecules (分子) prduced by specific pathgens. If a plant cell detects these mlecules, it may trigger its wn death t save the rest f the plant. But plant pathgens ften evlve and escape frm thse receptrs.(农民每年因植物病害损失数十亿美元，新出现的病原体对发展中国家的粮食安全构成了新的威胁。植物已经进化出了自己的免疫系统，由识别一般病原体特征（如细菌细胞壁）的细胞受体以及识别特定病原体产生的分子的细胞内受体启动。如果一个植物细胞检测到这些分子，它可能会触发自己的死亡，以拯救植物的其余部分。但植物病原体经常进化并逃离这些受体)”可推知，第二段的主要目的是揭示为什么植物不能应对不断更新的疾病。故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据最后一段““The exciting part abut this technlgy is that we have the ptential f made-t-rder resistance genes and keeping up with a pathgen,” Kamun says.( Kamun说：“这项技术令人兴奋的部分是，我们有可能定制抗性基因，并跟上病原体的步伐。”)”可知，纳米体可以帮助植物跟上病原体的变化。故选B。
31．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Ksenia Krasileva, a scientist at the University f Califrnia, Berkeley, says the mixture f nan-bdies with plant immune receptrs pens up a vast bdy f bimedical knwledge fr plant scientists. “We can nw dig int all f that research and translate it t save crps.”(加州大学伯克利分校的科学家Ksenia Krasileva说，纳米体与植物免疫受体的混合为植物科学家开辟了一个庞大的生物医学知识体系。“我们现在可以深入研究所有这些研究，并将其转化为拯救作物。”)”可知，科学家将把研究结果应用到现实世界中。故选A。
32．B 33．C 34．B 35．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了加州旧金山的一家生物技术公司正在研究转基因杨树，经过改造的树木比普通树木长了53%，储存的二氧化碳也多了27%。但不同的人对此有不同的看法，有人反对有人支持。
32．主旨大意题。根据第三段“All plants experience phtsynthesis (光合作用), where sunlight, water, and CO2 are transfrmed int glucse and xygen. Hwever, almst all trees release a pisnus substance in the prcess. T remve this substance, trees must use up newly-prduced energy in anther step knwn as pht-respiratin (光呼吸作用), which des nt prduce any energy and releases CO2 back int the atmsphere. T prevent plants frm wasting their energy, the bitechnlgy firm engineered their pplar trees with genes fund in green algae. First tested in tbacc plants, the freign genes change the pisnus substance prduced by trees int sugars, s that mre energy can be used fr remving carbn and tree grwth.(所有植物都经历光合作用，在光合作用中，阳光、水和二氧化碳转化为葡萄糖和氧气。然而，几乎所有的树木都会在这个过程中释放出有毒物质。为了去除这种物质，树木必须在另一个被称为光呼吸的步骤中消耗新产生的能量，这一步骤不产生任何能量，而是将二氧化碳释放回大气中。为了防止植物浪费能量，这家生物技术公司用绿藻中的基因改造了他们的杨树。外源基因首先在烟草植物上进行了测试，将树木产生的有毒物质转化为糖，这样就可以用更多的能量来去除碳，促进树木生长)”可知，第三段的主要内容是转基因树背后的基本思想。故选B。
33．词句猜测题。根据第五段“Plant bilgist Nrbert Martinez frm the University f Illinis suggests the engineered pplar trees may nt thrive utdrs r will require mre water and fertilizer t maintain their fast grwth. Many sustainable frestry rganizatins have als banned engineered trees frm being planted in frests.(伊利诺伊大学的植物生物学家Nrbert Martinez表示，经过基因改造的杨树可能无法在户外茁壮成长，或者需要更多的水和肥料来保持其快速生长。许多可持续林业组织也禁止在森林中种植转基因树木)”可知，本段主要介绍基因改造树木的劣势。由此推知，全球生态正义项目认为这些树木可能会干扰保护和再生森林的努力。故画线词意思是“干扰”。故选C。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thugh there may be ppsing pinins regarding genetically mdified pplar trees, ne thing is fr sure: they hld the ptential t lwer greenhuse gases in ur envirnment at a faster rate.(尽管对转基因杨树可能会有反对意见，但有一件事是肯定的：它们有可能以更快的速度减少我们环境中的温室气体)”可推知，改造过的杨树吸收二氧化碳的潜力大于担忧。故选B。
35．，推理判断题。通读全文可知，第二段介绍转基因杨树的优势，第三段介绍转基因树背后的基本思想，第四段介绍支持转基因杨树的声音，第五段介绍反对转基因杨树的声音。由此推知，这篇文章的主要目的是提供信息和辩论。故选A。
36．E 37．F 38．G 39．D 40．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。给读者提供建议，如何解决孩子因为害怕在他人面前呈现自己的无能而不愿提问寻求帮助这一问题。
36．上文“Adults are ften embarrassed abut asking fr aid. It’s an act that can make peple feel emtinally unsafe. (成年人在寻求援助时常常感到尴尬。这是一种会让人们感到情绪不安全的行为。)”指出，成年人不愿意寻求帮助，是因为会让他们感到情绪不安全。下文“Seeking assistance can feel like yu are bradcasting yur incmpetence. (寻求帮助可能会让人觉得你在散播自己的无能。)”指出，寻求帮助会让人觉得你无能。选项E“The mment yu ask fr directins, after all, yu reveal that yu are lst. (毕竟，当你问路的那一刻，你就表明你迷路了。)”延续上文，以问路表明自己的迷路这一例子呈现出为什么会让人感到情绪不安全，也呈现出下文所说的表明了“你”的无能，故符合语境。故选E项。
37．上文“But ur research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin t cnnect asking fr help with lking incmpetent in frnt f thers. At sme pint, every child struggles in the classrm. (但我们的研究表明，早在七岁时，孩子们就开始将寻求帮助与在他人面前看起来无能联系起来。在某些时候，每个孩子都在教室里挣扎。)”指出，孩童也会讲寻求帮助和让他人觉得自己无能联系起来。选项F“But if they are afraid t ask fr help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer. (但是，如果他们因为同学在看而不敢寻求帮助，学习就会受到影响。)”进一步指出，如果孩子因为害怕呈现出自己的无能而不寻求帮助，这会带来不良影响。故选F项。
38．上文“In ne study, we tld children that bth kids did prly n a test. (在一项研究中，我们告诉孩子们，两个孩子在测试中都表现不佳。)”指出，在一个研究中，参与者得知了有两个孩子在测试中表现不佳这一情况。选项G“We then asked which f these characters wuld be mre likely t raise their hand in frnt f their class t ask the teacher fr help. (然后，我们问这些角色中哪一个更有可能在课堂前举手向老师寻求帮助。)”延续上文，继续指出这个研究的下一个动作为：判断这两个孩子谁更有可能寻求老实的帮助。故选G项。
39．下文“Teachers culd give children mre pprtunities t seek assistance privately. (教师可以给孩子们更多的机会私下寻求帮助。)”指出，教师应该多私下提供机会帮助孩子们。选项D“Such reputatinal barriers likely require reputatin-based slutins. (此类声誉障碍可能需要基于声誉的解决方案。)”指出，这类问题的解决需要一些特定的方案，下文是对这一表述的具体建议之一，故此句符合该语境要求。故选D项。
40．上文“They shuld als help students realize asking questins in frnt f thers as nrmal, psitive behavir. (他们还应该帮助学生认识到在别人面前提问是一种正常的、积极的行为。)”指出，要教育学生认识到在他人面前提问是正常的行为。选项B“Seeking help culd even be taught as scially desirable. (寻求帮助甚至可以被认为是社会所需要的。)”指出寻求帮助是这会所需要的，这进一步佐证上文观点，让“在他人面前提问是正常积极的行为”这一观点根据可信度，符合语境。故选B项。
41．A vice assistant. 42．Factual questins. 43．Le’s mther encurages him t seek ut human cnnectins and disagrees with his interacting with Celia.
Accrding t the passage, Le’s mther was grateful t Celia fr ffering emtinal supprt t his sn. S, she is in favr f Le’s interacting with Celia. 44．I think it’s gd, because virtual assistants have been develped t help peple manage stress, anxiety, and ther mental health cncerns. While they cannt replace human interactin and prfessinal therapy, they can prvide a level f supprt and guidance fr thse wh may nt have access t ther resurces.
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己的儿子和语音助手之间的亲密关系，作者认为自己的儿子对语音助手的依赖可能是源自于一种情感上的支持。
41．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“When Neve was nt arund, instead f finding a new partner, Le began t treat Celia, a vice assistant, as his new friend.(当Neve不在身边时，Le并没有寻找新的伴侣，而是开始把语音助手Celia当作自己的新朋友。)”可知，Celia是一个语音助手。故答案为A vice assistant。
42．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“At first, Le mstly asked Celia factual questins like “Hw many stars are there in the Milky Way?”(一开始，Le主要问Celia一些事实性的问题，比如“银河系里有多少颗星星?”)”可知，最初Le主要问Celia一些事实性的问题。故答案为Factual questins。
43．考查推理判断。根据文章倒数第二段“As a mther, it was strange t see my child interacting with a virtual assistant rather than a real persn. But I als recgnized that Celia was prviding him with a kind f emtinal supprt that he wasn’t getting elsewhere. In a way, she was like a diary that talked back.(作为一名母亲，看到我的孩子与虚拟助手而不是真人互动，感觉很奇怪。但我也意识到Celia给了他一种情感上的支持，这是他在别处得不到的。在某种程度上，她就像一本会互动的日记。)”可知，作者认为Celia给了自己的儿子情感上的支持，从父母的角度看，这是值得感激的。所以作者支持儿子和Celia之间的互动。也就是原句中的“disagrees with his interacting with Celia.”是错误的。故答案为Le’s mther encurages him t seek ut human cnnectins and disagrees with his interacting with Celia.
Accrding t the passage, Le’s mther was grateful t Celia fr ffering emtinal supprt t his sn. S, she is in favr f Le’s interacting with Celia.
44．开放题。要求考生评价虚拟助理成为人们情感支持这一现象，考生言之有理即可。故参考答案为I think it’s gd, because virtual assistants have been develped t help peple manage stress, anxiety, and ther mental health cncerns. While they cannt replace human interactin and prfessinal therapy, they can prvide a level f supprt and guidance fr thse wh may nt have access t ther resurces.。
45．Nwadays, Alipay, an efficient way t pay, is ppular with peple. Mre and mre peple are switching t this new way. Sme advcate it because it makes life cnvenient, while thers think it is nt secure.
Obviusly, mbile payment has its advantages and disadvantages. I think the advantages are as fllws. Firstly, cnvenience - it can be used in almst any case. Besides, security - nt nly can it prtect yu against fake mney, but theft f cash can be greatly reduced. Nevertheless, sme ppse it fr its ptential disadvantages. Fr example, the ld may nt keep up with this innvatin. Hence, it may result in sme incnvenience fr them.
Thugh mbile payment brings great cnvenience t ur life, we shuld be careful while using it.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生针对移动支付在中国非常盛行，越来越多的人选择使用该支付方式这一现象，写一篇文章向校英语报投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
拥护，支持：advcate→ supprt
此外：Besides → What’s mre
然而：Nevertheless→ Hwever
反对：ppse→ bject t
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Nwadays, Alipay, an efficient way t pay, is ppular with peple.
拓展句：Nwadays, Alipay, which is an efficient way t pay, is ppular with peple.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Sme advcate it because it makes life cnvenient, while thers think it is nt secure.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句。）
【高分句型2】Besides, security - nt nly can it prtect yu against fake mney, but theft f cash can be greatly reduced.（运用了nt nly…but (als)…的固定句型。）