2023-2024学年上海市重点学校高三上学期开学考试英语试题含答案

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Grammar and Vcabulary Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passages cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
NFTS are fficially taking ver and entering the mainstream. (21) yu turn, that three-letter acrnym（首字母缩略词）seems t be inescapable. Hw did this happen, and what even is an NFT?
"NFT" stands fr nn-fungible tken（非同质化通证）. It is a kind f cryptcurrency that transfrms digital artwrks and ther cllectibles int a ne-f-a-kind verifiable asset that is tradeable. Yu can quite literally purchase an image (22) mre mney than mst f us will ever make in a year's salary.
An example f a real-wrld nn-fungible asset wuld be the Mna Lisa, (23) there's nly ne authentic Mna Lisa. The authenticity, exclusivity and a mix f sciety's cultural-mnetary evaluatin f art give Lenard da Vinci's masterpiece (24) $850 millin price tag. The same rules apply in the virtual wrld f NFTs. Therefre, screenshtting smene's NFT des nt mean yu wn it.
On the surface level, NFTs seem t be an interesting emergence in cyberspace. Hwever, the technlgy has drawbacks.
Minting（铸造）, the prcess f generating and authenticating NFTs and cryptcurrency, is
bad fr the envirnment. Authenticating, auctining and selling NFTs each take massive amunts f energy because they happen n the blckchain.
Visual artist and climate change activist Janie Lemercier reprted that selling just tw NFTs hsted n the NFT marketplace Nifty Gateway used 175,773 kWh and (25) (emit) 103,129 kilgrams f CO2. T put this int perspective, this is equivalent t single EU resident's electricity usage fr 49 years, a cmputer (26) (leave) n fr 401 years r flying an airplane fr 992 hurs.
Theft is cmmn within virtual spaces (27) , unbeknwnst t digital artists, their artwrk is sld withut their permissin. The Twitter accunt NFT thefts, created in September 2021, (28) (dcument) thusands f plagiarized（剽窃的）NFTs, while als sharing resurces fr digital artists if the prblem arises.
(29) the disadvantages, NFTs aren't entirely dm and glm. Instead f relying n cmmissined wrk（委托创作的作品）r the ccasinal brand deal, NFTs supprt digital artists. Jacqueline Che, knwn nline as JisuArtist, nrmally sells prints and merchandise f her artwrk fr arund $20-$60 n her website. Nw, she (30) als auctin her art as an NFT.
Whichever side yu're n, the hype f NFTs resulting in them reaching a(n) critical mass f mainstream appeal. Currently, it seems like NFTs are here t stay.
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
A. stretchedB. stressC. perceivedD. additinsE. emplyF. meditatin
G. sustainH. wundedI. ppsiteJ. accessK. receptive
Active Hands, Calm Minds
The cliche f a knitter is a white-haired lady - pssibly ne wh als slves murders, if yu're an Agatha Christie fan. But in the 1940s, yung male Ryal Air Frce pilts wielded needles as they waited fr their next missin. Wartime crashed a lt and "lap crafts" -- like knitting, embridery -- helped rebuild dexterity（ 灵 巧 ）in injured limbs while als helping t settle 31 minds. They were the crnerstne f early ccupatinal therapy.
Tday, millins f peple arund the wrld 32 these same techniques. "They are entwined with ur mental health," says Janine Smith. Alng with Deb McDnald, she c-wns Skein Sisters, a stre in Sydney, that sells supplies fr knitting and crcheting." I knw that if I haven't knitted fr a few days, I really miss it. It's like 33 ."
Research supprts Smith's statement. Physitherapist Betsan Crkhill was part f a team frm Cardiff University that, ten years ag, surveyed mre than 3,500 knitters and fund that the mre frequently peple knitted, the calmer and happier they felt.
Or, as McDnald puts it, "That rhythm f making stitch after stitch is like deep breathing. It's a flw where yu dn't have t 34 abut it, yu've gt the rhythm happening."
"Flw" is a cncept first named by psychlgist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. As he wrte in his bk Flw: The Psychlgy f Optimal Experience, "The best mments in ur lives are nt the passive, 35 , relaxing times. The best mments usually ccur if a persn's bdy r mind is
36 t its limits in a vluntary effrt t accmplish smething difficult and wrthwhile.
Shauna Richardsn knws just hw true this is. The artist spent 18 mnths in a state f flw when she crcheted three seven-metre-lng lins fr the 2012 Cultural Olympiad. T cmplete the task, she says she had t "zne everything ut and 37 a state f mind driven by rhythm and prcess."
But smaller prjects will als get yu there. Even a simple knitting r crchet pattern requires attentiveness t ensure that each stitch is made crrectly. If there's nt enugh challenge in the straightfrward, yu can make 38 , frm textured stitches t highly intricate patterns.
Csikszentmihalyi als describes the 39 t flw. He pints ut that althugh peple are healthier and grw t be lder than in previus generatins, they ften end up feeling that "their years were spent in anxiety and bredm," and they feel cut ff frm satisfying wrk.
The Cardiff research team fund that even thugh mst f the peple surveyed were emplyed, three-quarters f thse wh knitted three r mre times a week felt significantly mre able t rganise their thughts and frget their prblems.
Many respndents described feeling calmer and in a better md after knitting, and the majrity f respndents wh suffered frm depressin " 40 that knitting made them feel happier."
Interestingly, mre than half f thse surveyed said that knitting pushed them t develp ther skills, like building furniture. Because knitting is s accessible, it helps peple build cnfidence in their abilities. After all, if yu make a mistake, yu can just pull it all ut and start again.
Reading Cmprehensins Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage, there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B,
C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
In Just 7 Mnths, ,the Wrld Used an Entire Year's Wrth f Planetary Resurce
Fr mst peple, Aug. 2, 2023 has been a day that's gne largely unremarked upn. But fr the planet (41) , it was a very big -- and very bad -- date. Aug. 2 marked this year's s-called Earth Oversht Day -- the day n which the annual resurces humanity extracts frm the earth (42) the planet's ability t regenerate them in the same year. Haul mre fish frm the cean than can (43) in their place? That's an versht. Pump mre fresh water frm a lake r river r aquifer than can be replaced by rain, snw melt, r grundwater?
That's an versht.
(44) when each year's Earth Oversht Day ccurs is calculated by researchers whm the Earth Oversht Day rganizatin partners with at the nnprfit Glbal Ftprint Netwrk (GFN). GFN investigatrs run equatins they have dubbed "eclgical ftprint accunting," (45) tgether the planet's bicapacity (basically everything it has n ffer n its shelves) and hw quickly humans are likely t clear thse shelves based n current and past levels f cnsumptin.
"Yu need t measure what yu manage and the eclgical ftprint accunting methdlgy allws humanity t d just that," said GFN CEO Steven Tebbe, when he was (46)
t his pst late last year. "This metric is essential t finding the right balance between resurce depletin and regeneratin."
Humans have nt always been such gluttns（贪吃的人）fr resurces. The Glbal Ftprint
Netwrk has data ging back mre than half a century, and in that time, the versht day has cme earlier and earlier in the year. In 1971, fr example, Earth Oversht Day did nt ccur until late December, meaning that when it came t resurces, humans were living mstly (47)
. By 1979, the date had mved back t mid-Octber. By 2001, it was in mid-September, and in the 22 years since, we've pushed it back by mre than anther mnth. At ur current rate f
cnsumptin, it wuld take 1.7 earths t meet ur (48)
Different cuntries, thugh, have different cnsumptin (49)
resurce extractin needs.
. If everyne lived
like Qatar r Luxemburg, earth versht day wuld have landed n Feb. 10 and Feb. 14, respectively. If the wrld cnsumed resurces like the U. S., Canada, r the United Arab Emirates, earth versht day wuld be March 13. The best examples -- using resurces the mst (50)
-- are Indnesia, Ecuadr, and Jamaica, with versht days f Dec. 3, Dec. 6, and Dec. 20, respectively.
There are ptential slutins t the prblem, the GFN and the Earth Oversht Day rganizatin (51) . Cities, fr example, where 70% t 80% f the wrld's ppulatin is expected t live by 2050, culd be made physically mre cmpact, prvide carbn-neutral public transprtatin, and retrfit buildings s that they are mre energy efficient; all f this culd reduce
-- r eventually (52) -- the need fr extracting fssil fuels.
Fd prductin culd be made mre sustainable t. Each year, mre than 30% -- r 1.3 billin tns -- f fd prduced fr human cnsumptin is wasted; (53) glbal fd demand mre accurately and prducing nly what we need wuld relieve sme f the planting and extractin. (54) the glbal ppulatin is ne ther area that culd use attentin.
Hlding the number f peple n the planet t 7.7 billin -- just belw what it is nw -- wuld add 49 days t Earth Oversht Day by 2050, mving it frm Aug. 2 t Sept. 20.
Nne f these measures are easy; all f them are essential. Humans are a hungry and, t
ften, (55) species. Our earth is paying a very steep price fr that.
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing tw passage. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
On my furth day in a self-driving car, I finally felt cmfrtable enugh t let it stp itself. Befre then, I'd allwed the car -- a Vlv S90 sedan t cntrl the directin, with my hands still n the wheel, and t adjust speed in traffic. By Day 4, I was ready t make a jump int the future.
With the car travelling n a busy rad, I activated the driverless mde. Sn, a traffic light turned red. Fr a split secnd, I prepared t get n the brakes. There was n need. The cameras and cmputers in the Vlv recgnized the traffic cnditins and smthly began applying the brake.
If yu're anything like mst peple, yu're familiar with this anxiety. Almst 80 percent f Americans fear traveling in a self-driving car, a recent survey fund.
Researchers at the University f Chicag have cnducted sme clever experiments studying the phenmenn. They asked participants t cmplete tasks and cmpared their perfrmance with a cmputer system's. After the cmputer made a mistake, peple were unwilling t use it again.
After the peple made mistakes, their self-cnfidence wuldn't change. It didn't matter that the human beings made mre mistakes than the cmputer. S it is with driving. Mre than 37,000 Americans died in crashes last year, mst frm human errr. The death cunt frm cars ges beynd that frm guns. S, if yu are shcked and angry by guns and want things t change, yu shuld feel the same abut car crashes.
Technlgy creates an pprtunity t save lives. Cmputers dn't get drunk r distracted by text messages, and they dn't have blind spts. Just lk at cmmercial airlines: Autmatin has helped all but get rid f deadly crashes amng American air carries. The last ne happened in 2009.
The technlgy fr self-driving cars still isn't gd enugh. But it is imprving rapidly.
41. A. n the whle
B. as a whle
C. by and large
D. in general
42. A. catches
B. cntributes
C. exceeds
D. prmtes
43. A. breed
B. raise
C. depsit
D. survive
44. A. Exactly
B. Mstly
C. Infrmally
D. Simply
45. A. challenging
B. demanding
C. appealing
D. factring
46. A. advcated
B. named
C. stimulated
D. transfrmed
47. A. beynd their means
B. by all means
C. within their means
D. by n means
48. A. annual
B. daily
C. mnthly
D. urgent
49. A. plans
B. prgrams
C. prjects
D. habits
50. A. unnecessarily
B. sustainably
C. purpsefully
D. scientifically
51. A. justify
B. clarify
C. stress
D. cautin
52. A. eliminate
B. stimulate
C. satisfy
D. meet
53. A. perceiving
B. frecasting
C. assuming
D. intensifying
54. A. Accumulating
B. Stabilizing
C. Training
D. Suppressing
55. A. ambitius
B. intelligent
C. subjective
D. grasping
Within a few years, many cars will have advanced crash-avidance systems and driving will be revlutinized sner than many peple nw understand.
Hw des the authr intrduce the tpic?
A. By ffering a piece f news.B. By describing an experience
C. By giving backgrund infrmatinD. By intrducing a latest car.
What can we knw frm the furth paragraph?
The participants lst self-cnfidence after making mistakes.
The participants wuld ignre the mistakes made by the cmputer.
Car crashes is n less shcking than gun incidents.
The death cunt frm cars is the same as that frm guns.
The authr mentined cmmercial airlines .
A. t advertise fr the cmmercial airlines.B. t assess the security f driverless cars.
C. t find fault with cmputers.D. t prve the advantage f technlgy.
What's the authr's attitude twards self-driving cars?
A. Favrable.B. Indifferent.C. SkepticalD. Cncerned.
(B)
Things t d in Cab Crrientes, Jalisc, Mexic!
Rhythms f the Night-Sunset Cruise（乘船游览） Duratin: 5 hrs
Kick ff the evening with a scenic cruise acrss Banderas Bay t Las Caletas. Las Caletas, nce hme t a Hllywd mvie directr Jhn Hustn, ffers frnt-rw sunset seats, and dinner tables just the steps away frm the water. The buffet-style menu ffers a wide variety f chices. Watch the lively perfrmance f ancient ceremnies and be lst in histrical stries abut Jalisc. Yu must be able t climb and g dwn stairs.
Sayulita Escape Duratin: 3 hrs
Hp n a pwerful UTV (utility task vehicle) t explre Sayulita, a nice beach twn nt far frm Vallarta. Ride ver muddy rads and a riverbed t reach the small cmmunity famus fr its relaxing atmsphere. Sn after hitting the main rad, yur guide turns nt ne f the dusty frest paths. When yu are ready, a picnic lunch, an pen bar, and a knwledgeable crew await yur return t the ship. Wheelchair accessibility is available.
Las Caletas Beach Hideaway Duratin: 7hrs
The use f kayaks（独木舟）and stand-up paddle-bards is all available, as well as a scenic nature
walk and admissin t Kids Adventure Park fr the yung nes. Yu can even swim ut t an ffshre platfrm t practice yur diving skills. Wheelchair accessibility is nt available.
Street Fd and Tac Tur in PUert vallarta Duratin: 6 hrs 30 mins
Enjy a feast f lcal flavrs in ur fd and tacs-tasting tur. Discver Puert Vallarta's best flavrs t the lcals' eye. Learn abut the lcal culture and life, while yu eat where the lcals d with their belved nes. Wheelchair accessibility is nt available.
What can turists d n the tur Rhythms f the Night-Sunset Cruise?
Enjy free dinners.
Cme acrss the mvie directr Jhn Hustn.
Learn abut the histry f Jalisc.
Watch the scenic sunrise.
Hw des the tur Sayulita Escape differ frm the ther nes?
A. It includes a licensed guide.B. It is friendlier t the disabled.
C. It ffers varius water event.D. It has adventurus rutes.
Which tur suits families with kids?
Las Caletas Beach Hideaway.
Sayulita Escape.
Rhythms f the Night-Sunset Cruise.
Street Fd and Tac Tur in Puert Vallarta.
(C)
The first patient wh died n my watch was an lder man with a faulty heart -- the main
pump had failed and his heart was beating irregularly and far t fast. We tried t slw it dwn with treatment, but it suddenly stpped beating cmpletely. Later, whenever I wuld have a case like that ne, I fund myself secnd-guessing my clinical management. Hwever, it turns ut that thinking twice may actually cause mre harm than gd.
In a wrking paper, Emry University researchers fund that when dctrs delivering a baby have an adverse（不利的）utcme, they are mre likely t switch t a different delivery methd with the next patient, ften unnecessarily and smetimes with wrse results.
Because dctrs make s many decisins that have serius cnsequences, the fallut frm secnd-guessing lms especially large fr us. A 2006 study fund that if a patient had a bleed after being prescribed warfarin, the physician was abut 20% less likely t prescribe subsequent patients the bld thinner that prevents strkes. Hwever, if a patient had a strke and was nt n warfarin, physicians were still n mre likely t prescribe warfarin t their ther patients.
These finding highlight interesting behaviral patterns in dctrs. In the bld-thinner study, dctrs were mre affected by the act f ding harm (prescribing a bld thinner that ended up hurting a patient) and less affected by letting harm happen (nt prescribing a bld thinner and the patient having a strke). Yet a strke is ften mre permanent and damaging than a bleed.
But this phenmenn is nt unique t medicine. "Overreactin f Fearsme Risks" hlds true fr brader sciety.
Fr instance, sensatinal headlines abut shark attacks n humans in Flrida in 2001 caused a panic and led the state t prhibit shark feeding expeditins. Yet shark attacks had actually fallen that year and, accrding t the study, such as change was prbably unnecessary given the extremely small risk f such an attack happening.
Humans are susceptible（易受影响的）t emtinal and ften irratinal thinking when
prcessing infrmatin, adverse events and mistakes. As much as we dn't want t cause an unfrtunate event t recur -- in a medical setting r in the wider wrld -- we need t be aware that a wrst case scenari desn't necessarily mean we did anything wrng. When we verthink, we fail t rely n thinking based n what we knw r have experienced. Instead, we may uncnsciusly ver-analyze and cme t the wrng cnclusin.
I have treated dzens f patients wh presented with the same illnesses as my first patient,wh died mre than a year ag. Instead f secnd-guessing myself， I trusted my clinical instinct（本
能） and stayed the curse. Every ne f thse patients survived. Yu shuld trust yur instinct in yur life， t.
The first tw paragraphs suggest that .
A. bad medical utcmes affect dctrsB. delivering babies can be difficult wrk
C. sme dctrs are nt very experiencedD. dctrs smetimes make silly mistakes
In the bld-thinner study, dctrs .
tend t prescribe less effective medicine
are mre cncerned abut the patients' safety
believe a strke is mre treatable than a bleeding
becme less cnfident in writing certain prescriptins
The authr develps his idea mainly by .
A. giving examplesB. making cmparisns
C. using metaphrsD. quting famus sayings
The authr will prbably agree that .
we shuldn't dubt ur wn decisins
ur experience will pave way fr ur future
humans are emtinal and irratinal n the whle
instincts dn't necessarily lead t wrng directins
Sectin C
Directins: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Relieving cngestin withut ding anything t reduce the ttal vlume f cars can nly make the real prblem wrse.
One f the arguments that cities inevitably make in prmting transprtatin plans is that the new system will imprve the lives f thse wh cntinue t drive.
As a result, gvernments are frced t further extend rad netwrks, water lines, and ther facilities.
Sme prpsals cncerning the new traffic system have been drafted.
Traffic lanes shuld be eliminated r cnverted int bike r bus lanes.
Widening rads makes traffic mve faster in the shrt term.
Building gd transprtatin is a gd idea. T have envirnmental value, new transprtatin has t sufficiently replace r eliminate driving t cut energy cnsumptin verall. That means that a new traffic system has t be supprted by reductin in car use. 67 . Ideally, these shuld be cmbined with higher fuel taxes, and parking fees. Needless t say, I have t struggle t make myself extensively understd. But they're necessary, because yu can't make peple drive less, in the lng run, by taking steps that make driving mre pleasant, ecnmical, and prductive.
Lengthy cmmuting（通勤）time is a frceful factr which can slw the grwth f suburbs.
The farther peple live away frm cities, the lnger cmmuting time they need, which means mre pllutin their cars prduce. If, in a misguided effrt t d smething f envirnmental value, gvernments take steps that make lng-distance car cmmuting faster r mre cnvenient -- by adding lanes, building bypass, emplying traffic-cntrl measures that make it pssible fr existing rads t accmmdate mre cars with fewer delays -- we are actually encuraging peple
t live still farther frm their jbs, stres, and schls. 68 If yu cut cmmuting time by 10 percent, peple wh nw drive fifty miles each way t wrk can find reasn t mve five miles farther ut, because their travel time wn't change.
Traffic cngestin（拥堵）isn't an envirnmental prblem; traffic is. 69
Highway engineers have knwn fr a lng time that building new car lanes nly-temprarily reduces cngestin, because the new lanes add additinal driving. 70 But the imprved cnditins eventually attract additinal drivers, and cngestin reappears. With mre car n the rads, peple think abut widening rads again. Mving drivers ut f cars and int ther frms f transprtatin can have the same effect, if existing traffic lanes are kept in service: rad space stimulates rad use.
Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
A remarkable variety f insects live in this planet. Mre species f insects exist than all ther animal species tgether. Insects have survived n earth fr mre than 300 millin years, and may pssess the ability t survive fr millins mre. Insects can be fund almst everywhere - n the highest muntains and n the bttm f rushing streams, in the cld Suth Ple and in bubbling ht springs. They dig thrugh the grund, jump and sing in the trees, and run and dance in the air. They cme in many different clurs and varius shapes.
There are many reasns why insects are s successful at surviving. Their amazing ability t adapt permits them t live in extreme ranges f temperatures and envirnments. The ne place where they have nt yet been fund t any majr extent is in the pen ceans. Insects can survive n a wide range f natural and artificial fds -- paint, pepper, glue, bks, grain, cttn, ther insects, plants and animals. Because they are small, they can hide in tiny spaces.
Als, insects have an enrmus reprductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.
Anther reasn fr their success is the strategy f prtective clur. An insect may be right befre ur eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised like a green leaf, lump f brwn sil, gray lichen, a seed r sme ther natural bject. Sme insects use bright, bld clurs t send warning signals that they taste bad, sting r are pisn. Others have wing patterns that lk like the eyes f a huge predatr, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fled int aviding them.
Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
多亏了政府的雪中送炭，这家老字号手工艺品店度过了金融危机。(survive)
日常生活中总有些尴尬场面考验人们的应变能力。(n shrtage)
要不了多少年我们会再次经历今年的酷热。因此节能减排，人人有责。(befre)
尽管困难重重，这位匈牙利当代文学的领军人物远离城市的喧嚣，过着简单而闲适的生活。(Despite)
Guided Writing
Directins:Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given
belw in Chinese.
随着网络技术的日新月异，人们的生活正在发生变化。如今，人们可以足不出户，云游自然风光；也可以在网上看展，听音乐会。有些人非常推崇这种方式，而另一些人持不同看法。请谈谈你的观点并说明理由。