【语法】备战2024年中考英语语法培优生笔记综合练Chapter 2 动词时态（二） 笔记综合练（全国通用）

这是一份【语法】备战2024年中考英语语法培优生笔记综合练Chapter 2 动词时态（二） 笔记综合练（全国通用），共1页。

·模块一 现在完成时 Present Perfect Tense
·模块二 过去完成时Past Perfect Tense
·模块三 过去将来时Past Future Tense
·模块四 现在完成进行时 Present Perfect Prgressive Tense
·模块五 过去完成进行时Past Perfect Prgressive Tense
·模块六 将来完成时 Future Perfect Tense
模块一
现在完成时 Present Perfect Tense
结构公式：sb. have/ has dne
时间状语：already, yet, just, s far, never, ever, since +过去时间点,fr +一段时间, in the past/last few years
现在完成时的简单定义：1）过去发生的动作对现在产生一定的影响；2）过去发生的动作一直延续到现在。
比较：
I had 10 hamburgers tday.（今天“吃”的行为已结束，10为最终结果。）
I have had 10 hamburgers tday. （今天到目前为止吃了10个，可能很饱，也可能还不尽兴。）
现在完成时有两个主要用法：
*Hanged, hanged绞死
Hung, hung 悬挂
Lie 躺lay, lain ，lying；说谎lied, lied
Lay放置，下蛋laid, laid(雷的，雷的）
♥Attentin♥
你还能列出现在完成时的一些时间状语吗？
recently, lately, 总次数……（XX times）
since用法
结构公式：现在完成时 + since + 一般过去式/过去的时间状语
I’ve knwn my best friend since we were in high schl.
瞬间动词不能直接和fr, since的完成时连用
瞬间动词变成延续动词
brrw---_____keep______________
buy-----_______have______________
catch a cld----_have a cld_________
die---_________be dead___________
fall asleep---___be asleep___________
fall ill-----______be ill______________
jin------_______be in______________
leave---_______be away____________
marry----______be married_________
start----_______be n______________
end----_______ be ver___________
have been VS have gne
总结：
特别句型
It /This +is +序数词＋n + 现在完成时
It is the first time that I’ve seen such a wnderful perfrmance.
这是我第一次看到如此精彩的表演。
It/this is + 最高级/the best/the wrst /the mst interesting/the nly +n.+现在完成时
‘Get away!’ is the nly wrds that she has ever said t me.
女神对我说的唯一一句话是“滚开”。
现在完成时和过去时区别
总结：
♥Attentin♥
Yet，s far常置于句末，already, just, ever, never等一般置于助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前。
★真题试炼★
1．（2023·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）Tea was brn in China ver 4,000 years ag. Nw it ________ part f peple’s life arund the wrld.
A．becameB．has becmeC．was becmingD．becme
2．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）We ________ friends since I came t this schl.
A．areB．wereC．will beD．have been
3．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）— My father and I ________ a lt f phts at the same place in the past ten years.
— Thse phts must be yur valuable memries.
A．have takenB．will takeC．takeD．were taking
4．（2023·北京·统考中考真题）Eric ________ many things since he became interested in science.
A．is learningB．was learningC．will learnD．has learned
5．（2023·河北·统考中考真题）This bk must be great. My sister ________ it five times.
A．readsB．has readC．is readingD．was reading
模块二
过去完成时Past Perfect Tense
结构公式：had dne
时间状语：by+过去时间
The family f Dashwd had lng been settled in Sussex. Their estate was large, and their residence was at Nrland Park, in the centre f their prperty, where, fr many generatins, they had lived in s respectable a manner as t engage the general gd pinin f their surrunding acquaintance.
达什伍德家在苏塞克斯定居，可有些年代了。家里置下一个偌大的田庄，府第就设在田庄中心的诺兰庄园。祖祖辈辈以来，一家人一直过着体面日子，赢得了四近乡邻的交口称誉。
Sense and Sensibility
过去完成时用以表示到过去某一时间动作已完成或延续到某一过去时间的动作或状态，也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。标志性时间状语为by+过去时间点。
His mther had gne t wrk by the time he arrived hme.
如果两个动作发生在过去有明显的先后顺序，最先发生的用过去完成时。
He asked if Mr Gilbert's peratin had been successful and the dctr tld him that it had been.
★真题试炼★
6．（2023·河北沧州·校考二模）Jim was upset. When he gt t the airprt, his flight ________ ff.
A．takeB．tkC．had takenD．has taken
7．（2023·上海普陀·统考二模）Michael ________ his wrk befre he went t bed.
A．will finishB．finishesC．had finishedD．has finished
8．（2023·上海奉贤·统考二模）By the end f last term, the students f Grade Nine ______ three prjects.
A．finishedB．wuld finishC．have finishedD．had finished
9．（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考二模）He ________ t play the pian befre he was 10 years ld.
A．has learnedB．learnedC．learnsD．had learned
10．（2023·上海金山·统考二模）By the time we gt t the statin, the train ________ fr ten minutes.
A．has leftB．has been awayC．had leftD．had been away
模块三
过去将来时Past Future Tense
结构公式一：wuld d
结构公式二：was/were ging t d
时间状语：sn, the next day, the next mnth, the next year等
★真题试炼★
11．（2023·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）Hey, Aunt Jenny! It’s yu! I didn’t expect yu ________ ver. What a nice surprise!
A．had cmeB．have cmeC．wuld cmeD．will cme
12．（2023·江苏无锡·江苏省锡山高级中学实验学校校考三模）Mnths ag Iran and KSA were in agreement that they ________ alng with each ther.
A．gtB．getC．were gettingD．wuld get
13．（2023·甘肃陇南·统考二模）The radi said that it _________ cludy the next day.
A．willB．wasC．wuld beD．are
14．（2023·江苏无锡·模拟预测）The president prmised he himself ________ the pening ceremny.
A．attendedB．had attendedC．wuld attendD．will attend
15．（2023·上海嘉定·统考二模）The manager said that he _________ the meeting if t many peple were absent.
A．canceledB．wuld cancelC．will cancelD．had canceled
模块四
现在完成进行时 Present Perfect Prgressive Tense
结构公式：have/has been ding
时间状语：s far, since +现在时间,fr +一段时间, all mrning等
In my yunger and mre vulnerable years my father gave me sme advice that I’ve been turning ver（仔细考虑）in my mind ever since. “Whenever yu feel like criticizing any ne,” he tld me, “just remember that all the peple in this wrld haven’t had the advantages that yu’ve had.”
The Great Gatsby
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别:
现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作，而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作, 强调动作的持续性，因此有“未完成”的含义。试比较：
I have read this bk. （ 我读过这本书。 ）
I have been reading this bk. （ 我一直在读这本书 ）
♥Attentin♥
有少数动词(如wrk, study, live, teach, stay等)在表示持续一时间时用这两种时态含义差不多(只是用现在完成进行进更强调动作的持续性)。
Hw lng have yu wrked [been wrking] here?
你在这儿工作多久了？
自1988年以来我就一直住在这儿。
I have lived here/have been living here since 1988.
现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。
我等了两小时。(陈述事实)__I've waited fr 2 hurs__
我等了两个小时。(等得望穿秋水)____ _ I have been waiting fr 2 hurs.
不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时。
我认识她刚刚两天。__I have just knwn her fr tw days.
他们结婚已二十年了。_They have been married fr ten years.___________________
现在完成进行时不用于被动语态，但可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。
这房子已漆了一个月。_
The huse has been painted fr a mnth.// We have been painting this huse fr a mnth._
这个问题已被研究了五天。
The prblem has been studied fr 5 days.// We have been studying this prblem fr 5 days.
现在完成时&现在完成进行时异同
★真题试炼★
16．（2023·甘肃陇南·校联考模拟预测）—Where is mther?
—She is in the kitchen. She ________ the husewrk all mrning.
A．is dingB．was ding
C．has dneD．has been ding
17．（2023·山东·统考一模）—I called yu last night at 9:30 and I believed yu ________ be at hme because n ne answered the phne.
—Srry, I ________ at that time.
A．mustn’t; wuld have been sleepingB．culdn’t; shuld have slept
C．culdn’t; must have been sleepingD．might nt; need have been slept
18．（2021·安徽阜阳·统考一模）My father ________ in a panda prtectin center fr 10 years.
A．was wrkingB．is wrkingC．has been wrkingD．will wrking
19．（2021春·全国·九年级专题练习）Husing prices ________ since a few years ag. Therefre, it’s time the central gvernment ________ sme effective measures t bring them under cntrl.
A．have increased; wuld takeB．have increased; will take
C．have been increasing; takesD．have been increasing; tk
20．（2022春·九年级单元测试）We___________ busy preparing fr the Schl Art Festival since last week.
A．wereB．areC．will beD．have been
模块五
过去完成进行时Past Perfect Prgressive Tense
结构公式：had been ding
时间状语：by+过去时间，befre+过去时间
去年他戒烟了。他抽烟已经30年。
He quit/gave up smking last year. He had been smking fr 30 years.
模块六
将来完成时 Future Perfect Tense
结构公式：will have dne
时间状语：befre+将来时间；by+将来时间，时间点若是从句，要用一般现在时
表示在将来某一时间点以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。
I am sure he will have finished his wrk by the time yu are there.
时态Summary
根据“标志词”确定时态
根据语境确定时态
—Excuse me, sir. Smking is nt allwed here.
—Oh, srry I _____B_____.
A. dn’t knwB. didn’t knwC. haven’t knwnD. can’t knw
—Yur phne number again? I ____A____ quite catch it.
—It’s 7226109.
A. didn’tB. wn'tC. dn’tD. can’t
—Alice. why didn’t yu cme yesterday?
—I __C_______, but I had an unexpected visitr.
A. hadB. wuldC. was ging tD. did
----Mm, 4 plus 4 is 9, right?
----Hney, I ____C_____ yu _________ wrng.
A. think // wereB. thught//wereC. think//areD. thught//are
----Darling, I am srry. I _B__yu ________cming tmrrw mrning, s I didn't prepare dinner fr yu.
A. think // wereB. thught//wereC. think//areD. thught//are
在英语里有些动词与时态有着特定的对应关系，如:
—Can I help yu, sir?
—Yes. I bught this radi here yesterday, but it _D____.
A. didn’t wrkB. wn’t wrkC. can’t wrkD. desn’t wrk
窗户打不开了，得找个人来修。
The windw wn't pen. I need t find smene t repair it.//
I need t have it repaired.
(have sth dne让别人来做，但不强调是谁)用法
含义
标志词
例句
已完成
动作发生在过去，但后果或影响至今仍然存在.
just
already，yet
Yur letter has just been received.
未完成
动作开始在过去，一直持续到现在
fr…, since…
They have lived here fr mre than twenty years.
have been t___去过_（去了已经回来）
have gne t 表示_去了（去了还没回来）
have been in (始终呆在一个地方)
现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响，不与具体过去时间状语连用；一般过去时说的是过去发生的或已经结束了的动作，它和现在没有直接关系，即使事实上和现在有关系，说话时也不强调这种关系，而只是指出那个动作发生在过去某一时间。
到目前为止总次数用 现在完成时
强调某一次动作用 一般过去时
表示过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态，即 “站在过去说将来”。
现在完成进行时是现在完成时态和进行时态的结合，既有现在完成时态的特点，也有进行时态的特点。主要表示一个持续到现在的动作；表示动作的重复；表示长时间做某事；表示感情色彩。
现完
现完进
已完成
√
×
未完成
√ +fr/ since…
√（+fr/ since…）
情感
×
√
被动语态
√
×
适用动词
（有since/fr：不能用瞬间V）
除不能用进行时的V （心理V；情感V；结果V；瞬间V……）
表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到另外一个过去时间的动作，这个动作在当时仍在进行并可能继续延续下去。
一般
进行
完成
完成进行
现在
wrk(s)
is/am/are
wrking
have/ has wrked
have/has been wrking
过去
wrked
was/were wrking
had wrked
had been wrking
将来
will/ shall wrk
is/am/are ging t wrk
…
will be wrking
will have wrked
will have been wrking
过去将来
wuld wrk
was/were ging t wrk…
wuld be wrking
wuld have wrked
wuld have been wrking
短语
所对应时态
短语
所对应时态
nw
一般现、现进
hw ften
一般现、一般过
at this time yesterday
过去进行
hw lng
现完、现完进
last year/mnth
一般过
since when
现完
by the end/time f +过去时间
过完
in the past three years
现完
by the end/time f +将来时间
讲完
Watch ut！
现在进行
see(看见)，hear(听见)，find(找到)
结果类动词
不能用进行时
wrk
表示机器不能正常运行、运转时
常用d/desn’t wrk；
pen, clse, lck
表示门、窗等不能正常关、开、锁的意思时
常用wn’t pen /clse /lck等，这时它们是以主动形式表示被动意义。