2022-2023学年河南省郑州市中原区郑州市基石中学高三下学期开学英语试题含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年河南省郑州市中原区郑州市基石中学高三下学期开学英语试题含解析，文件包含河南省郑州市中原区郑州市基石中学2022-2023学年高三下学期开学英语试题原卷版docx、河南省郑州市中原区郑州市基石中学2022-2023学年高三下学期开学英语试题解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共38页， 欢迎下载使用。
注意事项：
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第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 略
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
STEM Summer Prgrams fr High Schl Students
STEM is a term that stands fr science, technlgy, engineering, and mathematics. Here is a list f sme f the best STEM summer camps fr high schl students.
Future Matters Prgram
It is an eight-week paid summer research experience fr high schl students. This is a hands-n prgram fr wrldwide students interested in ging after a career in medical research. Students will attend seminars led by faculty and participate in discussins with peers.
Simns Summer Research
It is a seven-week prgram lcated at Stny Brk University. Students will have the pprtunity t participate in special wrkshps, turs and events. They will cnclude the prgram by prducing a written research abstract and research pster.
Research Science Institute
It is the first cst-free prgram f its kind. During this seven-week prgram, students will dive deeper int the wrld f science and engineering by experiencing the entire research cycle. In this prgram, students attend classes cnducted by famus prfessrs and prepare ral presentatins t present their research.
Prgram in Math fr Yung Scientists
This prgram is a six-week intensive mathematics prgram designed fr students acrss the glbe. Unlike cmmn prgrams, it ffers a great deal f independence fr students t chse their wn schedules and decide what they want t study. Besides learning, there is als “mandatry (强制)fun time” built int the weekly schedule s that students are able t have nn-math related activities.
1. Which prgram will be summarized with written material?
A. Future Matters Prgram.B. Simns Summer Research.
C. Research Science Institute.D. Prgram in Math fr Yung Scientists.
2. What d Simns Summer Research and Research Science Institute have in cmmn?
A. Expense.B. Requirement.C. Duratin.D. Cntent.
3. What’s special in Prgram in Math fr Yung Scientists?
A. Cultivating independent sill.B. Attending nn-math activities.
C. Enrlling internatinal students.D. Tailring persnal schedules.
B
When I was 13, I climbed my first muntain--a fairly gentle 3,900-ft peak. I was verweight at the time and ut f breath when I reached the summit. But I lved challenging myself. Sn I’d climbed nearly 100 peaks. My parents were happy I’d finally fund a hbby.
I ften g climbing with my friend Mel Olsen. She and I drve t tackle 11, 240-ft Munt Hd. It’s safer t start winter climbs at night when there’s less risk f the sun melting the snwpack. That day, we started at 3 a. m. At arund9 a. m., we reached an ice step. It was abut three r fur feet tall and slped al a 75-degree angle. 1 vlunteered t g first. I placed my left ft n the ice step.
I gained a sense f the ice when 1 stuck my ax and crampns (鞋底钉) int it, and it felt gd. Cnfident I was safe, I put my full weight n it. Suddenly, I heard a crack, and as the snwpack became thinner, a whle piece f ice brke ff the step, right under my ft.
In an instant, I fell backward, buncing ff the rck face and rlling dwn the muntain as if I were a character in a vide game. I remember thinking, This is it. Yu’re dne. I stuck ut my arms and legs, grabbing at anything. That stpped my rlling dwn the muntain, but I was still sliding, After 2 few secnds, I came t a stp n a shallw slpe.
I asked myself: Where are yu? Munt Hd. What’s the date? December 30. Gd. My brain was functining. Then I checked my bdy t see where I was hurt. Fr the mst part, I was fine, except that I was suffering frm a sharp pain in my left leg. Later I’d learn that I’d brken my femur (大腿骨) and that the bne was slicing int my skin and muscle.
At the bttm f Munt Hd, I was laded int an ambulance and taken t a hspital. The dctrs tld me it wuld be a year befre I culd climb again, but I was back n the trails within six mnths.
4. Why did the authr and her friend set ut at 3 a. m. ?
A. It was the best time t enjy scenery.B. It was mre challenging t climb at night.
C. They wanted t finish the climb befre sunset.D. They hped t avid sme pssible dangers.
5. Why is “a character in a vide game” mentined in paragraph 4?
A. T shw her strng character.B. T make her idea mre cnvincing.
C. T help readers imagine the scene.D. T add t the humr f the descriptin.
6. Hw did the authr make sure she culd still think clearly?
A. By recalling what had happened.B. By checking whether she was injured.
C. By calling an ambulance fr rescue.D. By asking herself sme factual questins.
7. What can we learn abut the authr?
A. She is t brave t pay attentin t any danger.
B. R She has a strng desire fr prfessinal knwledge.
C. Setbacks can’t stp her frm challenging herself.
D. The lve fr nature sets her apart frm her friends.
C
Have yu ever seen a car withut a driver? It sunds crazy, but these cmputer-driven driverless cars will sn be filling rads near yu. Tech cmpanies arund the wrld have been designing and testing driverless vehicles and the technlgy is available already.
S, hw d they wrk? The cars are cvered in sensrs that can detect ther cars and bstacles n the rad. Sensrs n the wheels als help when parking. Rad signs are read by cameras, and satellite navigatin systems are used. Finally, a central cmputer system takes in all the infrmatin and prcesses this t wrk ut when t accelerate, brake and steer. All yu have t d is type in the destinatin.
Sunds like yur idea f heaven? Sitting back, lking ut f the windws and even watching a film while “driving” will all be pssible with this new technlgy. In additin, cmputers are generally mre efficient drivers than humans, meaning emissins can be reduced. They als drive mre safely than peple—they dn’t get distracted by music r friends, they bey the speed limit and they have quicker reactin times in case f an emergency.
Hwever, there are still many drawbacks f driverless cars. Cmputers will have difficulties making ethical (道德上的) decisins. If a child ran ut int the rad, wuld the cmputer chse t hit the child r turn aside sharply and ptentially hurt the car’s passengers instead? Mrever, I persnally find driving fun. I’d miss never being behind the wheel myself. There wuld als be legal questins. Shuld children r drunk peple, be allwed in a driverless car by themselves? Or wuld there need t be a respnsible adult with a driving licence in the car at all times?
Althugh being driven arund by a machine wuld perhaps mean that n ne needs a driving license, many peple wuld be put ut f a jb by the ppularizatin f driverless cars. Bus, taxi and train drivers wuld be made unwanted.
I’m nt cnvinced I’d want a driverless car, but it’s nly a matter f time befre they’ll becme mre affrdable and cmmnplace n ur rads.
8. What d yu need t d when using a driverless car?
A. Cntrl the sensrs.B. Read the rad signs carefully.
C. Check the satellite navigatin systems.D. Put the address int the cmputer.
9. What des the third paragraph mainly tell us abut driverless cars?
A. Their emissins.B. Their advantages.
C. Their testing prcess.D. Their reactin t an emergency.
10. Hw des the authr analyze the shrtcmings f driverless cars?
A. By making a cmparisn.B. By analyzing their harmful effects.
C. By raising sme questins.D. By sharing persnal experiences.
11. What des the authr think f future driverless cars?
A. They will be less expensive.B. They will cnsume less energy.
C. They will d mre harm than gd.D. They will be mre strictly cntrlled.
D
The impact f the man-made climate crisis n Antarctica is scientifically undeniable: stable ice shelves are retreating, air temperature increased by 3 degrees Celsius. krill(磷虾)numbers are declining, melting ice is cntributing t sea level rise, and plar bears and seals are getting displaced. “Antarctic bidiversity culd decline substantially by the end f the century if we cntinue with business as usual.” Jasmine Rachael Lee, lead authr f the University f Queensland study says.
Published in the jurnal PLOS Bilgy, the study finds ppulatin declines are likely fr 65% f the cntinent’s plants and wildlife by the year 2100. The mst vulnerable(脆弱的)species is the Emperr penguins. In Octber 2022, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed Emperr penguins as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act(ESA), as experts predict the flightless seabird will see a 26% t 47% dip in its ppulatin by 2050. “This listing reflects the grwing extinctin crisis and highlights the imprtance f the ESA and effrts t cnserve species befre ppulatin declines becme irreversible(不可逆转).” said Service Directr Martha Williams at the time.
Aside frm Emperr penguins, ther Antarctic specialists, like the Adélie penguin and dry sil nematdes, were als highly vulnerable. We urgently need a cmbinatin f glbal and lcal cnservatin actin t best cnserve Antarctic species. Glbal actin and glbal vices t help relieve climate change—because the biggest threat t Antarctica is cming frm utside f it. And then we need lcal actins t help prtect bidiversity against lcal threats and give them the best chance f adapting t climate changes. This will help t save ur icnic(代表性的)species like the Emperr penguins and all f Antarctica’s unique and highly adapted inhabitants. It will als help humankind, as we rely heavily n the priceless services the Antarctic prvides in regulating ur climate and capturing sea level in its ice sheets.
12. What can we learn frm Paragraph 1?
A The impact f climate crisis is usually denied.
B. Cnservatin effrts are badly needed.
C Air temperature n Antarctic increases 3℃ annually.
D. Sea level rise results in seabirds lsing their habitats.
13. Why is the Emperr penguin mentined in Paragraph 2?
A. T serve as a call t prtect wildlife n Antarctic
B. T reflect the grwing ppulatin f wild species.
C. T prve the effectiveness f the Endangered Species Act.
D. T highlight the severe impact f rising temperature.
14. What is prbably the best cnservatin plicy?
A. Reducing the chances f making a trip t Antarctic.
B. Making jint effrts t relieve climate change.
C. Attempting t prvide essential nutrients t the ecsystem.
D Cntinuing t carry frward the Endangered Species Act.
15. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Plants and Wildlife n Antarctica Will Decline Quickly
B. Antarctic Species Are Vulnerable t Human Threats
C. Mre Actin Shuld Be Taken t Prtect Wildlife n Antarctica
D. The Best Cnservatin Strategy Will Be Carried Out Sn
第二节(第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We ften try t save mney fr a variety f different reasns. It might be t save up fr a new cmputer r put mney aside int a rainy-day fund. ____16____, but a recent study shwed that ver half f all 22~29-year-lds living in the UK have n savings at all. Did they max ut n t many things, r are there ther factrs? And hw can we becme better savers?
First, put a stp t thse impulse buys. ____17____, even if it is n sale r lks like a bargain. Impulse buys are dne in the heat f the mment and withut thught fr what it’s csting yu. Encuraging yurself t questin yur purchase befre yu buy allws yu t prcess what yu are ding.
____18____. Withdraw cash befre yu g t a restaurant r shpping and set a fixed budget yu must stick t. Als, any change that cmes frm yur transactins when yu’re using cash can be put in jar and depsited int yur accunt.
Finally, be disciplined. ____19____. It’s abut sticking t it, t. Yu shuldn’t be dipping int yur savings every time yu feel like it. Setting up a standing rder frm yur current accunt int yur savings the mment yu receive yur salary will ensure yu keep up the habit. ____20____.
Just as the ld saying ges: “A penny saved is a penny earned.” These are sme f the actins we can take t help us all becme better savers.
A. Learning hw t save is imprtant
B. Ask abut discunts and pay in cash
C. It’s nt just abut creating that budget
D. Smetimes, saving mney can be difficult
E. Anther way is t use cash rather than card
F. Ask yurself if yu really need t buy smething
G. Successful savers stick t their plans and watch the mney pile up
第三部分 语言知识运用(共二节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题；每题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In all ne’s lifetime it is neself that ne spends the mst time being with r dealing with. But it is ____21____ neself that ne has the least understanding f. When yu are ging upwards in life yu tend t verestimate yurself. It seems that everything yu seek fr is within yur ____22____. When yu are ging dwnhill yu tend t underestimate yurself.
T get a thrugh understanding f neself is t gain a crrect view f neself and be a realist-aware f bth ne’s ____23____ and weaknesses. Yu may ____24____ hpefully t the future but be sure nt t ____25____ t much, fr ideals can never be fully realized. Yu may be ____26____ t meet challenges but it shuld be clear t yu ____27____ t direct yur effrts. That’s t say, s lng as yu have a perfect ____28____ f yurself, there wn’t be difficulties yu can’t vercme.
T get a thrugh understanding f neself needs self-appreciatin. Whether yu think yu are a twering tree r a blade f grass, a high muntain r a small stne, yu represent a state f nature that has its wn reasn f ____29____. If yu earnestly admire yurself yu’ll have a real sense f self-appreciatin, which will give yu cnfidence. ____30____ yu gain full cnfidence in yurself, yu’ll be enabled t fight and vercme any difficulty.
T get a thrugh understanding f neself als requires ding neself a favr when it’s needed. In time f anger, d yurself a favr by giving an utlet t it in a quiet place s that yu wn’t be hurt by its flames; in time f sadness, d yurself a favr by ____31____ it with yur friends s as t change a glmy md int a cheerful ne; in time f tiredness, d yurself a favr by getting a gd sleep r taking sme stimulant. Shw yurself lving cncern abut yur health and daily life. ____32____ yu knw perfectly well when and hw t d yurself a favr, yu wn’t be cnfident and ready enugh t ____33____ the attack f illness. As yu are aware, what a persn physically has is but a human bdy that’s vulnerable when ____34____ t the elements. S if yu fall ill, it’s up t yu t take a gd care f yurself.
In a wrd, t get a thrugh understanding f neself is t get a full ____35____ f ne’s life. Then ne will find ne’s life full f clr and flavr.
21. A. permanentlyB. previuslyC. preciselyD. perfectly
22. A. reachB. budgetC. develpmentD. brain
23. A. shrtagesB. disadvantagesC. strengthsD. limitatins
24. A. lk upB. lk backC. lk frwardD. lk dwn
25. A. expectB. analyzeC. inspectD. dream
26. A. hnestB. cmprehensiveC. curageusD. delicate
27. A. whatB. whichC. hwD. where
28. A. imageB. knwledgeC. systemD. memry
29. A. attackB. criticismC. ppularityD. existence
30. A. As much asB. As sn asC. As far asD. As well as
31. A. quarrelingB. arguingC. sharingD. blaming
32. A. UnlessB. OnceC. SinceD. If
33. A. recallB. restreC. restartD. resist
34. A. exchangedB. expsedC. experiencedD. exprted
35. A. markB. cntrlC. accuntD. recvery
第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 50-minute drive nrthwest f dwntwn, Beijing, a village pps up. It____36____(huse) a shadw puppetry trupe (皮影戏剧团) and Beijing Lng zaitian Shadw Puppet Theater.
Shadw puppetry is seen____37____the prequel (先行篇) t film and animatin in China. Besides perfrmances____38____ (create) by light and shadw, perfrmers must master a____39____(vary) skill set as the plays cmbine painting, carving, pera and literature. But due t lw revenue and a small market, yung peple are unwilling ____40____(learn) shadw puppetry.
____41____, this particular trupe stands ut frm the crwd. Average perfrmer age is nly 25. Mrever, f the 300 perfrmers____42____has trained ver the years, many are under 1.4 m in____43____(high). In 2021, the team created Winter Olympics-themed shadw pupets. The trupe als staged different plays____44____(intrduce) ice and snw sprts thrugh fairy tales.
“____45____(frtunate), we have these peple. They have been devted t the inheritance f shadw puppetry fr ver a decade,”said Wang Xi, inheritr f Beijing Western Schl Shadw Puppetry.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 你校将举行英语作文比赛。请你以“Benefits f Exercising Regularly”为题写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1. 定期运动的好处；
2. 你的建议。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Benefits f Exercising Regularly
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第二节 读后续写 （满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The frightening day f ur diving test was here. Our parents thught we were lucky t have an Olympic-size swimming pl at the schl. My mm stressed that the swimming pl was ne f the best in ur city. But I didn’t feel happy abut it at all. Instead, I felt afraid f the swimming pl. It was mainly because I was terribly shy.
I was s shy that I always sat at the back f the rm in class s I’d nt be called upn t read. As fr the present physical educatin class each Mnday mrning, I wuld wrk my way t the back f the line frming at the diving bard s I wuld nt have t practice the dives.
Nw, it was anther Mnday mrning - the mrning f ur diving test. My bld ran cld when the teacher Ms. Rbbins annunced that we wuld be graded fr ur final n the mst difficult dive- the jackknife. And she added, “This diving test is imprtant. The ne wh fails has t spare time in the fllwing Mnday mrnings t practice diving in this swimming pl and attend this test again.”
My bdy kept shaking with fear as the line t the scary diving bard shrtened. As I watched, each student seemed t perfrm the challenging dive effrtlessly. And shrtly I wuld have t attempt smething that I had never even practiced befre.
Then I remembered smene telling me that when yu picture yurself ding a skill ver and ver, it’s just as effective as physically practicing that skill. S I watched carefully as each classmate jumped at the end f the bard nce, added a jump fr height, flded their bdy in half t reach fr their tes, and finally straightened ut like an arrw fr ging int the water. After carefully watching fr a while, I was actually in a state f surprise, because all f a sudden I realized that it was pssible fr me t perfrm these fur steps f diving.
Eventually all classmates except me finished jumping. The teacher annunced that it was my turn.
注意：1. 续与词数应150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
With my heart kncking wildly, I walked dwn the diving bard twards its end.
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Knwing I failed I climbed ut f the pl, embarrassed.
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