2022-2023学年辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校高三下学期第一次考试英语试题解析版+听力

这是一份2022-2023学年辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校高三下学期第一次考试英语试题解析版+听力，文件包含辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校2022-2023学年高三下学期第一次考试英语试题原卷版docx、辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校2022-2023学年高三下学期第一次考试英语试题解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共47页， 欢迎下载使用。

 2022~2023下协作校高三第一次考试
英语试题
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号座位号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在水试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £ 19. 15. B. £ 9. 18. C. £ 9. 15.
答案是C。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What happened to the woman?
A. She went to sleep late. B. She got to work late. C. She woke up late.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the woman doing now?
A. Making a list. B. Baking cookies. C. Shopping for groceries.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How does the man feel about some zoos?
A. Disappointed. B. Satisfied. C. Happy.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: It’s so nice to see the animals in large open spaces, closer to their natural environment. I wasn’t expecting this.
M: I know. Some zoos can be disappointing. At least these animals seem happy.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the man want to do?
A. Reserve a cheap hotel. B. Go to Mexico on business. C. Relax and enjoy himself.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: I need a vacation. I haven’t had a day off in eight months. It’s about time I did something fun.
W: I agree. You’ve been working hard lately. Why don’t we go to Mexico? I can get us a good deal on a hotel.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will the woman do in the park today?
A. Play basketball. B. Play volleyball. C. Walk with her friends.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: What are you doing today?
M: I’ll probably go to the park and play basketball. What’s your plan today?
W: I’ll go to the park, too. I’ll play volleyball there with some friends.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

6. What is the weather like now?
A. It’s windy. B. It’s raining. C. It’s fine.
7. Why do the speakers like rain?
A. It does good to all people. B. It brings perfect weather. C. It makes the air cleaner.
【答案】6. C 7. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Don’t you think it’s really nice outside today?
M: Yes it really is. The weather is perfect. I think. Look at the blue sky!
W: But I can’t agree with you. I think that it’s going to rain.
M: Actually, I hope it does rain. It hasn’t rained for a long time.
W: I love rain. The sky looks so clean after it rains. I especially love the night air after the rains.
M: I know. The rain does make it smell cleaner. I would love it if it rains today.
W: Yeah, so will I.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

8. What is Anna’s chemistry grade now?
A. B. B. B+. C. D
9. When does Anna’s study group meet?
A. After school. B. On the weekends. C. During lunch hour.
10. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Husband and wife. B. Mother and son. C. Father and daughter.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Great job on your chemistry test, Anna! This is your second “B” in a row!
W: “B-plus” actually. So there is a small improvement, Dad.
M: So what have you been doing? You used to be a “D” student before.
W: I’ve joined a study group. Our members discuss all the difficult stuff, and we test each other all the time.
M: Great idea. Maybe you will have more time on the weekends to go out with your friends. How did you find the study group?
W: I saw a notice on the message board at lunch one day. I decided to check it out, and now we meet once a week after our last class of the day.
M: So that’s why you’ve been coming home late. Good for you. So. you’re not nervous about your chemistry tests anymore?
W: Not at all. I am more prepared than ever.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

11. Who is Thomson?
A. A cook. B. The man’s cousin. C. Linda’s husband.
12. How many years have the speakers been married?
A. 40. B. 35. C. 25.
13. What do we know about Linda?
A. She won’t be invited to the party.
B. She doesn’t eat chicken.
C. She is a good cook.
【答案】11. A 12. A 13. B
【解析】
原文】W: I’ve sent out the invitations for the dinner party on 25th this month.
M: That’s good. Now what should we do?
W: We need to plan the menu.
M: Oh, that’s right. What do you have in mind?
W: I think I’m going to make the chicken salad we had at our 35th wedding anniversary. Remember, I asked Thomson, the chef of the restaurant where we often go, for the recipe?
M: Oh, yes. I remember. Time sure flies! Now we are celebrating our 40th anniversary! And Thomson was very friendly. You know, chefs seldom tell people their recipes. They often keep them a secret.
W: I understand that. So you see. I have promised I will also keep the recipe a secret.
M: Well, Thomson will appreciate that. Oh, but did you forget that Linda doesn’t eat chicken?
W: Linda? Oh, my Gosh! I forgot to invite her! She’ll be mad at me. It just slipped my mind.
Thanks for reminding me! I think I’m getting old!
M: Looks like you are!
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

14. Why does the woman always sleep late in the morning?
A. She doesn’t work.
B. She works late into the night.
C. She needs more sleep than most people.
15. When does the man get to work?
A. Around 7. B. Around 9. C. Around 10.
16. What does the woman invite the man to do?
A. Go to the gym. B. See a movie. C. Take a hike.
【答案】14. B 15. A 16. C
【解析】
【原文】M: What time do you usually get up in the morning?
W: I sleep in every morning, sometimes until 11 or 12.
M: Are you serious? I get up at 5 every morning to go to the gym, and then I get to work around 7.
W: Well. I work from home, so I can set my own hours. I usually work until midnight or 1 in the morning, and then I like to sleep late in the morning.
M: I like to be in bed around 9 or 10 at night so I can get enough sleep. Our schedules are very different! You’re lucky that you get to set your own schedule, but I could never sleep that late. I’m definitely a morning person.
W: And I’m definitely a night person. Waking up early is so terrible.
M: Maybe we should switch schedules for a week!
W: No way! I would never want your schedule.
M: Very funny. . . What are you doing today?
W: Well, it’s Saturday, so I was thinking of taking a hike. Would you like to come?
M: Sure. Can we go to see a movie afterwards?
W: I don’t really like movies, actually. Can we do something else?
M: Sure, but I have to work tomorrow. even though it’s Sunday, so I do need to be home around 9 pm.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

17. Where do the pandas mainly live?
A. In bamboo forests of western China.
B. In the mountains of eastern China.
C. In the high mountains of southern China.
18. How much food does a panda eat ever day?
A. 12-38 kg B. 6 kg. C. 330 pounds.
19. When can a panda climb trees by itself?
A. After growing up. B. About 6 months old. C. When it is just born.
20. How long can a panda live for?
A. At most 14 years. B. At least 20 years. C. Up to 30 years.
【答案】17. A 18. A 19. B 20. C
【解析】
【原文】W: OK, I’m here today to talk to you all about the panda. The panda is a peaceful animal that has a black and white coat and is loved around the world. It is a member of the bear family. They live mainly in bamboo forests high in the mountains of western China. A panda’s daily menu consists almost entirely of the leaves and shoots of various bamboo plants. Bamboo contains very little nutritional value. so pandas must eat 12-38 kg every day to meet their energy needs. New born pandas are about the size of a stick of butter, so that is really small. But they can grow up to 330 pounds as adults. They are dependent on their mothers for the first few months of their lives. Pandas start to climb trees when they are only 6 months old, and as adults the pandas make excellent climbers, despite their big weight. A panda’s average life in the wild is 14-20 years, but a panda can live up to 30 years when they are looked after in places such as zoos.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Exploring the Azores Islands in Portugal
Cost(£ 2. 999)
Highlights
●The exceptional seabird watching at night
●Talks on land and at sea by a local biologist
●A whale-watching activity guided by an expert
Description
You can explore and learn about wildlife through some talks. You can also get an opportunity to watch the whales at the surface and listen to their sounds as they go into the water. On land. you will visit a seabird habitat and discover the attractive villages on these islands. Besides. you can study the islands’ earth and learn how it supports the unique grape planting.
Attention
●Upon arrival on Faial Island, you will check into a four-star hotel in Horta.
●Depending on your arrival time. you may have some free time to explore the small town that dates back to the 15th century and has many historic buildings.
●Your tour leader will hold a short welcome meeting in the early evening to go through the plans for the week, and then a biologist will give the first of three talks before joining you for dinner.
●During the tour, the biologist will give a brief introduction to the whale species that you will be viewing.
Just click here instead of calling or emailing us to book your tour.
21. What do we know about the tour?
A. It is free of charge.
B. It is in support of foreign biologists.
C. It offers bird feeding during the day.
D. It offers an expert guide during the whale viewing.
22. What can visitors do on the tour?
A. Explore old cities. B. Plant unique grapes.
C. Listen to the talks on wildllife. D. Spend a night in a villager’s house.
23. How should visitors book the tour?
A. By entering the website. B. By sending an email.
C. By contacting the biologist. D. By making a telephone call.
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了探索葡萄牙的亚速尔群岛的旅游的相关信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。结合“Cost(£ 2. 999)”（费用：£2, 999)可知，此次旅行并不免费，选项A错误；根据“Highlights”部分中“A whale-watching activity guided by an expert”（有专家指导的观鲸活动）可知，观鲸的时候会有专家指导，选项D正确，“The exceptional seabird watching at night”（夜间观赏海鸟的特别之处）可知，观鸟在晚上观察，并非白天，选项C错误；“Talks on land and at sea by a local biologist”（一位当地生物学家会做关于陆地和海洋的演讲）非外国的生物学家，选项B错误，故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Attention”部分中“During the tour. the biologist will give a brief introduction to the whale species that you will be viewing.”（在参观期间，生物学家将简要介绍你们将要观赏的鲸鱼种类。）可知，游客在此次履行过程中，可以聆听有关观赏的鲸鱼种类的介绍，故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Just click here instead of calling or emailing us to book your tour.”（只需点击这里，而不是打电话或发邮件给我们预订您的旅行。）可知，通过点击进入网站后，游客可以在网站上预定本次旅行。故选A。
B
Edward Davis was a professor who worked on ocean research. However, bored with writing death records of ocean species, he quit his job in 2007. Rather than spend any more of his life recording the dying. Edward decided to try to protect the living creatures in the few remaining areas of the ocean.
These areas are the last wild places of the sea still undamaged by overfishing, pollution and climate change. “It is necessary for us to go to places that still look like the ocean as it was 500 years ago.” Edward says. “These areas, like Palau, are the examples of sustainable (可持续的) development. Maybe we can’t bring all of the ocean back to this state, but these places show us what the potential is.” Beneath the surface of a stormy sea off Palau in the western Pacific live various lively corals. The tiny island nation has protected 80 percent of its waters as a no-fishing area—the largest percentage of protected ocean area in the world. The remaining 20 percent can be fished only by Palauans.
To protect these places, Edward and his team started a project on ocean protection in 2008. Over the past years, the project has helped create 22 ocean reserves. These make up two-thirds of the world’s fully protected ocean areas. Now Edward and his team have set an even bigger goal—to protect more than a third of the world’s oceans for the purpose of keeping biological diversity.
For Edward, one of the most satisfying aspects of his job is working with local communities in the places he and his team are seeking to protect. The team worked closely with about 50 local people on the island. “We showed them an underwater world they had never seen,” Edward recalls. “Huge schools of fish will surely swim in some of the clearest waters ever measured in the Pacific.”
24. Why did Edward quit his previous job?
A. To record the dying. B. To increase land species.
C. To protect the sea creatures. D. To write a book on sea protection.
25. What can we learn about Palau from paragraph 2?
A. 20 percent of it is covered by the sea.
B. It is an area open to fishermen worldwide.
C. It is an example of sustainable development.
D. The surface of it is destroyed by water pollution.
26. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. Edward’s project. B. Edward’s team members.
C. The ways of keeping biodiversity. D. The ways of creating ocean reserves.
27. How does Edward feel about the future of ocean protection?
A. Stressed. B. Positive.
C. Curious. D. Confused.
【答案】24. C 25. C 26. A 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是爱德华厌倦了之前的工作，决定保护海洋生物。和他的团队在2008年启动了一个海洋保护项目，并且该项目产生了积极的效果和影响。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Rather than spend any more of his life recording the dying. Edward decided to try to protect the living creatures in the few remaining areas of the ocean.(而不是花更多的时间记录死亡。爱德华决定尽力保护海洋中仅存的几处区域的生物)”可知，爱德华辞去工作是因为要保护海洋生物。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“These areas, like Palau, are the examples of sustainable(可持续的)development.( 这些地区，如帕劳，是可持续发展的典范)”可知，帕劳是可持续发展的典范。故选C。
【26题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段中“To protect these places. Edward and his team started a project on ocean protection in 2008. Over the past years. the project has helped create 22 ocean reserves. (为了保护这些地方，爱德华和他的团队在2008年启动了一个海洋保护项目。在过去的几年里。该项目帮助建立了22个海洋保护区)”可知，本段主要介绍的是爱德华和团队所启动的海洋保护项目。故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“For Edward, one of the most satisfying aspects of his job is working with local communities in the places he and his team are seeking to protect. (对爱德华来说，他的工作中最令人满意的一个方面是与当地社区合作，他和他的团队正在寻求保护)”可知，爱德华工作中最令他满意的一个方面是与当地社区合作共同保护海洋生物。由此推知，他对于未来工作是持积极态度。故选B。
C
The study of joint attention (the interaction between the parents and the baby) between a baby and the caregiver revealed that greater joint attention generates greater language development in the child.
A camera was used by Yu and Smith to record the caregiver’s and the baby’s actions. The caregiver talked to the baby about the object the child chose to hold. This study was used to understand if both participants’ gaze mattered when joint attention was happening.
Several years later. Yu and Smith modified their study with Jeffrey to see if the time when the caregiver said the name mattered when the baby was learning words. Having several objects laid out before him. a child chose one and the caregiver would name and talk about the thing. By doing so. that child would develop a greater understanding of objects and their names because the child was hearing and seeing at the same time. This social interconnection led to a greater understanding of words’ meaning. creating a stronger foundation for vocabulary development later in the child’s life.
In contrast, Mundy and Gomes wrote an article that considered whether a child’s individual differences affected the skill of joint attention. Their study had groups of babies go through a series of tests and then made a follow-up visit sixteen weeks later. Each test examined the stability of joint attention and other nonverbal communication measures.
Mundy and Gomes wanted to see if there were differences in receptive and expressive language that would contribute to a child’s individual differences. It was gathered that the aspects (child’s gender. mother’s education level. household income)were not significantly associated with the language or nonverbal communication. By showing that individual factors had no impact on the child’s language development, the testers included that children learn language in a similar manner.
28. What does the author think of the effect joint attention has on language development?
A. It’s important. B. It’s temporary. C. It’s slight. D. It’s uncertain
29. What did Yu and Smith’s two studies have in common?
A. The babies were at the same age. B. They both needed the babies to choose an object.
C. The researchers in both studies were the same. D. The caregivers knew little about the objects’ names.
30. What did Mundy and Gomes focus on most during their study?
A. The caregivers’ education level. B. The patterns of language development.
C. The meanings of verbal communication. D. The children’s individual differences.
31. In which section of a newspaper can you read the text?
A. Literature. B. Science. C. Economy. D. Fashion.
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。对婴儿和照顾者之间共同注意（父母和婴儿之间的互动）的研究表明，更多的共同注意会促进孩子的语言发展。文章主要介绍了Yu和Smith以及Mundy和Gomes两组人对共同注意的研究。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The study of joint attention (the interaction between the parents and the baby) between a baby and the caregiver revealed that greater joint attention generates greater language development in the child.(对婴儿和照顾者之间共同注意（父母和婴儿之间的互动）的研究表明，更多的共同注意会促进孩子的语言发展)”可知，作者认为共同注意对语言发展的影响很重要。故选A。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“A camera was used by Yu and Smith to record the caregiver’s and the baby’s actions. The caregiver talked to the baby about the object the child chose to hold.(Yu和Smith用相机记录了看护人和婴儿的行为。看护者和婴儿谈论孩子选择拿着的东西)”可知，Yu和Smith的两项研究的共同之处是他们都需要婴儿选择一个物体。故选B。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Mundy and Gomes wanted to see if there were differences in receptive and expressive language that would contribute to a child’s individual differences.(相比之下，Mundy和Gomes写了一篇文章，研究儿童的个体差异是否会影响共同注意力的技能)”可知，Mundy和Gomes在学习中最关注的是孩子的个体差异。故选D。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The study of joint attention (the interaction between the parents and the baby) between a baby and the caregiver revealed that greater joint attention generates greater language development in the child.(对婴儿和照顾者之间共同注意（父母和婴儿之间的互动）的研究表明，更多的共同注意会促进孩子的语言发展)”结合文章主要介绍了Yu和Smith以及Mundy和Gomes两组人对共同注意的研究。可推知，文章选自“科学”版面。故选B。
D
You don’t have to brave the crowds at the Tidal Basin to enjoy the glories of cherry blossom (樱花), which always runs for one month. The delicate pink and white blooms decorate the district. Washington-based nonprofit Casey Trees has a detailed map of where to find them.
Using the map’s explanation, you can check out a neighborhood’s list of trees. The map is color-coded by a variety of cherry blossom, and there are several: Yoshino, Okame, Oshi-ma, and Sour Cherry, just to name a few.
Michaila Musman, the Geographic Information Systems manager at Casey Trees. suggests tracking down the Sargent Cherry, which develops pinkish white blossoms and is called the “cream” of flowering cherries by the Arbor Day Foundation. “They can also support bird species around the city, which is a wonderful bonus.” says Musman.
The map is an annual tradition at Casey Trees. The organization plans to use it to help protect Washington’s trees. To build the map, staff and volunteers walked into the city’s parks to identify and measure every tree they came across. “We can do better advocacy and tree protection if we know what our trees across the city look like.” said Musman.
Other data points for the map come from DDOT’s Urban Forestry Division and from cherry trees that Casey Trees has planted. Most of the trees on the map are located on public land. So if your yard or your neighbor’s yard is the proud home of a cherry tree, it may not appear (considering it as your own secret garden).
And if you miss the cherries this time around, the organization also maintains a separate map of all the flowering trees in the city. Musman recommends checking out the Eastern Red bud. “They are native to this area and they have very beautiful blossoms.” she says, “it seems as though they came right out of a Dr. Seuss’ book.”
32. What can the map be used to do?
A. Research bird species. B. Decorate some districts.
C. Locate cherry blossom. D. Identify the type of flowers.
33. Why does Casey Trees develop the map?
A. To know the city better. B. To protect the local trees.
C. To build the city’s parks. D. To use public land efficiently.
34. What can we know from the last two paragraphs?
A. The map comes out of a Dr. Seuss’ book.
B. The map is the only product of Casey Trees.
C. Casey Trees has planted many trees across the USA.
D. Casey Trees takes individual privacy into consideration.
35. What may be the best title for the text?
A. Casey Trees likes cherry blossom B. Casey Trees will introduce a new map
C. You should protect the city’s cherry trees D. You needn’t bother to find cherry blossom
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. D 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了非营利组织Casey Trees开发了一张地图，可以显示樱花的位置。文章解释了开发这种地图的目的以及其它关于地图的信息。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Washington-based nonprofit Casey Trees has a detailed map of where to find them.(总部位于华盛顿的非营利组织Casey Trees有一张详细的地图，上面有找到樱花的地方)”可知，地图可以用来找到樱花。故选C。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The map is an annual tradition at Casey Trees. The organization plans to use it to help protect Washington’s trees.(这张地图是Casey Trees的年度传统。该组织计划用它来帮助保护华盛顿的树木)”可知，Casey Trees开发这张地图是为了保护当地的树木。故选B。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Most of the trees on the map are located on public land. So if your yard or your neighbor’s yard is the proud home of a cherry tree, it may not appear (considering it as your own secret garden).(地图上的大部分树木都位于公共土地上。因此，如果你的院子或你邻居的院子里有一棵樱桃树，它可能不会出现（考虑到它是你自己的秘密花园）)”可知，Casey Trees考虑到个人隐私。故选D。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“You don’t have to brave the crowds at the Tidal Basin to enjoy the glories of cherry blossom (樱花), which always runs for one month. The delicate pink and white blooms decorate the district. Washington-based nonprofit Casey Trees has a detailed map of where to find them.(在潮汐盆地，你不必冒着拥挤的人群去欣赏樱花盛开的美景，樱花盛开的时间通常长达一个月。娇嫩的粉白色花朵点缀着这个地区。总部位于华盛顿的非营利组织Casey Trees有一张详细的地图，上面有找到它们的地方)”结合文章主要说明了非营利组织Casey Trees开发了一张地图，可以显示樱花的位置。文章解释了开发这种地图的目的以及其它关于地图的信息。可知，D选项“你不必费心去找樱花了”最符合文章标题。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Friction (摩擦力)is a very familiar force in everyday life. It always acts to slow things down. Sometimes we may mistake friction for traction (拉力). Friction is the force felt between two surfaces. while traction is the action that results. ___36___ . But traction can be increased when things like that change.
The material a surface is made from affects how much friction it creates. We can see how it works by thinking of everyday objects. If we rub (磨)our fingers along a piece of sandpaper, we can feel how rough it is. ___37___ . It’s much smoother than the sandpaper, but it still feels a bit rough. Finally, imagine tracing our fingertips across metal. such as the steel used to make a car door. It feels amazingly smooth.
___38___ . Light pressure will result in only a small amount of friction. But two surfaces pressing together strongly will generate much friction. For instance. even two sheets of sand-paper rubbing together lightly will have only a little friction. Press them down hard. though, and they will have a much harder time moving.
We can also see a huge effect of friction in earthquakes. ___39___ ,small sliding causes minor quakes. Once their friction gets too strong. a major quake will happen. Friction can also lead to dramatic fun, such as ice skating. Balancing all of our weight on skates creates a much higher pressure than if we are wearing regular shoes. That pressure actually melts a thin layer of ice. ___40___
A. Friction is really a result of pressure
B. As Earth’s plates try to slide past one another
C. Now imagine turning our hand across a piece of wood
D. In fact, we are not sliding across the ice but liquid water
E. The force of friction doesn’t change if you increase the surface area
F Even though we can feel the forces of friction every day as we walk and play
G. The other factor that affects friction is how hard the two surfaces are pressing together
【答案】36. E 37. C 38. G 39. B 40. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是摩擦力的相关情况以及对日常生活造成的影响。
【36题详解】
根据后文的“ But traction can be increased when things like that change.(但当这种情况发生变化时，牵引力就会增加。)”可知，后文与前文构成转折关系，即摩擦力不会随着表面积的增加而改变，而前文应该讲述的是即摩擦力不会随着表面积的增加而改变。E选项“The force of friction doesn’t change if you increase the surface area(摩擦力不会随着表面积的增加而改变。)”符合语境。故选E。
【37题详解】
根据后文“It’s much smoother than the sandpaper, but it still feels a bit rough. (它比砂纸光滑得多，但摸起来还是有点粗糙。)”可知，此处表述的是手指在一块木质纸上转动的结果，要比砂纸上光滑的多。C选项“Now imagine turning our hand across a piece of wood(现在想象我们的手在一块木质纸上转动。)”中的turning our hand across a piece of wood与后文的it相呼应。故选C。
【38题详解】
根据后文的“Light pressure will result in only a small amount of friction. (轻微的压力只会产生少量的摩擦。)”可知，本段讲述的是影响摩擦力的另一个因素即两个表面挤压的强度。G选项“The other factor that affects friction is how hard the two surfaces are pressing together(另一个影响摩擦力的因素是两个表面相互挤压的强度。)”概括本段信息。故选G。
【39题详解】
根据前文“We can also see a huge effect of friction in earthquakes. (我们还可以看到摩擦对地震的巨大影响。)”可知，此处强调摩擦对地震产生的巨大影响。B选项“As Earth’s plates try to slide past one another(因为地球的板块试图相互滑动。)”指出地球的版块互相滑动而产生地震，符合语境。故选B。
40题详解】
根据前文“Balancing all of our weight on skates creates a much higher pressure than if we are wearing regular shoes. That pressure actually melts a thin layer of ice. (在溜冰鞋上平衡我们所有的体重会比我们穿普通的鞋子产生更大的压力。这种压力实际上融化了一层薄薄的冰。)”可知，我们穿普通鞋子产生更大的压力，这种压力融化了一层薄薄的冰，由此导致我们滑过的不是冰，而是液态水。D选项“In fact, we are not sliding across the ice but liquid water(事实上，我们滑过的不是冰，而是液态水。)”符合语境。故选D。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The widely admired Romanian pianist Radu Lupu died at the age of 76. Lupu was frequently ___41___ by fellow musicians as an inspiration and model of ___42___ expression. His music making became the stuff of deep ___43___ among them.
Lupu ___44___ piano lessons at six. When he was twelve, he gave his first public concert ___45___ featuring his own compositions. He went on to ___46___ at the Moscow Conservatory(莫斯科音乐学院)in l963. Later, he began recording for Decca, his ___47___ company for the next decades.
___48___ the pianist in a single phrase. Rob Cowan said it would be “the Carlos Kleiber of the piano”, regarding him as a master ___49___ where the music was going. Lupu had been thinking of the music long before ____50____ it, so that every quaver(八分音符)has its place and ____51____ effect.
When the news of Lupu’s ____52____ came, fellow musicians poured out on social media. Steven Isserlis said. “I’m very ____53____ to hear that Radu Lupu has left us. He is not only one of the greatest and warmest ____54____ I’ve ever known. but also a deeply kind, modest and humorous friend. He was gone, but he will still be desperately ____55____ .”
41. A. cited B. compared C. ignored D. misunderstood
42. A. scientific B. artistic C. opposite D. original
43. A. suffering B. choice C. devotion D. regret
44. A. taught B. disliked C. changed D. began
45. A. occasionally B. scarcely C. entirely D. suddenly
46. A. travel B. experiment C. compete D. study
47. A. film B. record C. photograph D. technology
48. A. Summing up B. Making up C. Setting up D. Bringing up
49. A. blocking B. abandoning C. forgetting D. grasping
50. A. remembering B. describing C. playing D. collecting
51. A. indirect B. unique C. relevant D. public
52. A. death B. performance C. honor D. response
53. A. exited B. annoyed C. sorry D. curious
54. A. doctors B. researchers C. trainers D. musicians
55 A. punished B. missed C. replaced D. awarded
【答案】41. A 42. B 43. C 44. D 45. C 46. D 47. B 48. A 49. D 50. C 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. D 55. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了著名音乐家卢普的故事。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：卢普经常被其他音乐家引用为艺术表现的灵感和典范。A. cited引用；B. compared比较；C. ignored忽视；D. misunderstood明白。根据后文“by fellow musicians as an inspiration and model of ___2___ expression”可知，卢普经常被其他音乐家引用为艺术表现的灵感和典范。故选A。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. scientific科学的；B. artistic艺术的；C. opposite相反的；D. original起初的。根据前文“by fellow musicians”可知，卢普经常被其他音乐家引用为艺术表现的灵感和典范。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的音乐创作成了他们深深热爱的东西。A. suffering遭受；B. choice选择；C. devotion奉献，热爱；D. regret后悔。根据前文“Lupu was frequently ___1___ by fellow musicians as an inspiration and model of ___2___ expression.”可知，卢普经常被其他音乐家引用为艺术表现的灵感和典范，故他的音乐创作成了其他音乐家深深热爱的东西。故选C。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：卢普六岁开始上钢琴课。A. taught教；B. disliked不喜欢；C. changed改变；D. began开始。根据后文“piano lessons”可知，卢普六岁开始上钢琴课。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：十二岁时，他举行了第一场完全以自己的作品为特色的公开音乐会。A. occasionally偶尔地；B. scarcely勉强地；C. entirely完全地；D. suddenly突然地。根据后文“featuring his own compositions”可知，他举行了第一场完全以自己的作品为特色的公开音乐会。故选C。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：1963年，他继续在莫斯科音乐学院学习。A. travel旅游；B. experiment实验；C. compete竞争；D. study学习。根据后文“at the Moscow Conservatory”可知，他继续在莫斯科音乐学院学习。故选D。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，他开始为他的唱片公司Decca录制唱片，在接下来的几十年里。A. film电影；B. record记录；唱片；C. photograph照片；D. technology技术。根据后文“he began recording for Decca”可知，他开始为Decca唱片公司录音。故选B。
【48题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：用一句话概括钢琴家的演奏。A. Summing up总结；B. Making up编造；C. Setting up建立；D. Bringing up养育。根据后文的“in a single phrase”可知，用一句话概括钢琴家的演奏。故选A。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗伯·考恩称他将是“钢琴界的卡洛斯·克莱伯”，认为他是一位掌握音乐发展方向的大师。A. blocking阻碍；B. abandoning抛弃；C. forgetting忘记；D. grasping抓住；掌握。根据后文“where the music was going”可知，认为他是一位掌握音乐发展方向的大师。故选D。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：卢普在演奏这首曲子之前就已经对它进行了思考，所以每一个颤音都有它的位置和独特的效果。A. remembering记住；B. describing描述；C. playing演奏；D. collecting收集。根据前文“Lupu had been thinking of the music”可知，卢普在演奏这首曲子之前就已经对它进行了思考。故选C。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. indirect间接的；B. unique独特的；C. relevant相对的；D. public公共的。根据前文“every quaver(八分音符)has its place”可知，所以每一个颤音都有它的位置和独特的效果。故选B。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当卢普去世的消息传来时，其他音乐家纷纷在社交媒体上表达了自己的哀悼之情。A. death死亡；B. performance表演；C. honor荣耀；D. response回复。根据后文“fellow musicians poured out on social media”和下文“hear that Radu Lupu has left us”可知，当卢普去世的消息传来时，其他音乐家纷纷在社交媒体上表达了自己的哀悼之情。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很遗憾听到拉杜·卢普离开了我们。A. excited兴奋的；B. annoyed恼怒的；C. sorry抱歉的；D. curious好奇的。根据后文“Radu Lupu has left us”可知，对于拉杜·卢普的去世，应该是感到非常的遗憾。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不仅是我所知道的最伟大、最热情的音乐家之一。A. doctors医生；B. researchers研究者；C. trainers培训师；D. musicians音乐家。根据前文中“The widely admired Romanian pianist Radu Lupu died at the age of 76.”可知，卢普是最伟大的音乐家。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他走了，但我们仍然会非常想念他。A. punished惩罚；B. missed错过；想念；C. replaced替代；D. awarded授予。根据前文“He was gone,”可知，虽然他离开了人世间，但是依旧想念他。故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适合的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last October, three fossilized dinosaur eggs, ___56___ date back to the early and mid-late Cretaceous period, were found in Wuning County Jiangxi Province. The ___57___ (authority) said they would put them on display.
An excavator driver found several fossils and fragments (碎片) while ___58___ (work) on a construction project on October 5 in Wuning County and it was ___59___ (immediate) reported to the local government, according to Wuning County Museum.
“We received a call which claimed they had found something similar to dinosaur egg fossils and we instantly went to ___60___ site,” an employee Zhang from Wuning County Museum told the Global Times on Thursday.
She went there ___61___ the professional team and saw the egg fossils attached to a rock. The three fossils are nearly round and can be seen clearly. Two of ___62___ (they) are well preserved, and one egg’s shell has peeled off, according to Zhang.
“After professional research by experts, the egg fossils ___63___ (confirm) as dinosaur egg fossils. They are now with the museum and ___64___ (far) research has been carried out,” said Zhang.
In recent years, Chinese scientists ____65____ (discover) from studies of dinosaur egg fossils that a sustained decline in dinosaur diversity happened in the late Cretaceous period.
【答案】56. which
57. authorities
58. working
59. immediately
60. the 61. with
62. them 63. were confirmed
64. further
65. have discovered
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了在江西省武宁县发现了三个以追溯到白垩纪早期和中晚期恐龙蛋化石。
【56题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：去年10月，在江西省武宁县发现了三个恐龙蛋化石，它们可以追溯到白垩纪早期和中晚期。分析句子，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，修饰先行词eggs，为物，应用关系代词which。故填which。
【57题详解】
考查名词。句意：当局表示，他们将把它们展出。分析句子，设空处使用名词作主语，authority意为“官员”，根据下文they可知，此处表示复数意义。故填authorities。
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：据武宁县博物馆介绍，10月5日，一名挖掘机司机在武宁县的一个建筑工程中发现了几块化石和碎片，并立即向当地政府报告。空处用非谓语动词和while构成时间状语，work和主语driver之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填working。
【59题详解】
考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词was reported，使用immediate的副词immediately作状语，意为“立即地”。故填immediately。
【60题详解】
考查冠词。句意：我们接到一个电话，声称他们发现了类似恐龙蛋化石的东西，我们立即前往现场。分析句子，句中site为名词，空前使用冠词，此处表示特指，故填the。
【61题详解】
考查介词。句意：她和专业团队一起去了那里，看到了附着在岩石上的蛋化石。结合句意和句子结构可知，表示“和”用with。故填with。
【62题详解】
考查代词。句意：其中两个保存完好，一个蛋的壳已经剥落了。分析句子，设空处使用代词作宾语，they的宾格是them。故填them。
【63题详解】
考查动词。句意：经过专家的专业研究，确认该蛋化石为恐龙蛋化石。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。同时the egg fossils 与confirm之间是被动关系，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were confirmed。
【64题详解】
考查比较级。句意：他们现在在博物馆，并进行了进一步的研究。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语，此处表示“更进一步的”用far的比较级further。故填further。
【65题详解】
考查动词。句意：近年来，中国科学家通过对恐龙蛋化石的研究发现，恐龙多样性的持续下降发生在白垩纪晚期。分析句子，句中in recent years为现在完成时的时间标志，意为“在近几年中”，主语是复数，助动词用have。故填have discovered。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分10分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假定你是李华，为迎接一批即将来你校交流学习的国际交换生，你校正在招募志愿者。你想成志愿者，请你给负责人Mr Smith写一封申请信，内容包括：
1. 写作目的；
2. 自身优势；
3. 希望获得批准。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Mr Smith,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mr Smith,
Hearing that some volunteers are wanted to welcome the coming exchange students, I am writing to apply for the chance to be a volunteer.
I firmly believe that I am perfectly qualified for the job. First and foremost. I have a good command of spoken English, which ensures I am capable of communicating freely with the exchange students. Besides, having been studying here for nearly two years, I am quite famil-iar with the campus culture and the relative regulations of our school, which I believe will be helpful to their later study and life here. Last but not least, the experience where I once served as a volunteer in my community will make me work more effectively.
I would be grateful if you could take my application into consideration.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，为迎接一批即将来你校交流学习的国际交换生，你校正在招募志愿者。你想成志愿者，请你给负责人Mr Smith写一封申请信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
胜任：be qualified for→be competent for
此外：besides→what’s more
口语：spoken English→oral English
担任：serve as→work as
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Hearing that some volunteers are wanted to welcome the coming exchange students, I am writing to apply for the chance to be a volunteer.
拓展句：Since some volunteers are wanted to welcome the coming exchange students, I am writing to apply for the chance to be a volunteer.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I firmly believe that I am perfectly qualified for the job. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] I have a good command of spoken English, which ensures I am capable of communicating freely with the exchange students. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My mother was a teacher and she would tell me stories about my grandparents. When Grandma welcomed two kids, my mom and my uncle, she decided to look for a brave business journey in coffee industry where no women held any position at that time. She didn’t like the fact that Grandpa had to work for some other companies to make a living. Instead, she hoped that they would have their own business. So she moved away from where Grandpa used to live and bought a piece of land with two kids to help to start her own coffee farm.
When my mom and uncle grew up and went to school in the nearby village, my grandma, a brave woman. worked endlessly on the land planting one coffee plant after another. By the time my mom and uncle were at junior school. she had planted about 12 acres of coffee plants all alone. The business journey was very difficult. Grandpa returned home only on Saturdays and Sundays. For ten years, Grandma hardly slept well at night. guarding her land. resources and children. As the farm expanded, she had too much to do.
One Saturday morning. when Grandpa went back home, Grandma asked him. “Can you help me run the farm. dear?” After much thought. Grandpa replied. “Yes. Let’s work together to face the future.” Finally, he gave up his job and came to support Grandma both physically and emotionally.
Then Grandma realized that the farm was too large to rely on the labor of family members alone. More people were needed to keep the farm going. When my mom and uncle were at high school, Grandma thought that the village education wasn’t good enough for her kids, and later she sent them off to a town to study with their cousins.
Meanwhile, Grandma decided to ask other family members to work for the farm Grandpa often drove his truck to pick them up in the early morning and drop them at dusk. But the jol of transporting the workers was really hard. So Grandpa and Grandma wanted to think of a way to solve the problem.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
One day, my grandma offered to build houses for the workers.
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As the workers’ children grew up, Grandma began to worry about their education.
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【答案】参考范文：
One day, my grandma offered to build houses for the workers. My grandpa couldn’t agree with it more. The houses were built soon, where the workers could live in peace. More and more workers were coming, some even with their whole families. The workers lived and worked happily and actively contributed to the farm in return for my grandpa and grandma. My grandma was very concerned about the life of the workers and tried her best to provide them with a comfortable working and living environment. The coffee farm was getting better and better.
As the workers’ children grew up, Grandma began to worry about their education. Providing education for the children was a big challenge because there were no schools around the farm. This time, Grandpa thought of a good idea and said. “Why not set up a primary school for the children?” Grandma nodded cheerfully. After several years of efforts, the school came into being. The school was managed by my uncle and professional teachers were hired, including my mother. Gradually, as the population grew, the coffee farm run by my grandparents grew into a small town. They were all living happily.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的妈妈是一名老师，她会给作者讲关于作者祖父母的故事。作者的奶奶突破社会对女性职业的束缚，和爷爷共同创业的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“有一天，我的奶奶提出为工人们盖房子。”可知，第一段可描写作者的爷爷同意该计划，并且描述工人们的表现。
②由第二段首句内容“随着工人们的孩子长大，奶奶开始担心他们的教育问题。”可知，第二段可描写作者的奶奶解决工人们孩子教育的问题。
2.续写线索：解决工人住房问题——工人努力工作——解决工人们子女教育问题——建立学校和聘请校长——咖啡农场不断发展
3.词汇激活
行为类
①建立：build/construct
②提供：offer/provide
③提出：think of/ come up with
情绪类
①担心：concerned /worried
②快乐地：happily/ blissfully
【点睛】[高分句型1] The houses were built soon, where the workers could live in peace.（由连接词where引导的定语从句）
[高分句型2] Providing education for the children was a big challenge because there were no schools around the farm.（由动名词providing作主语和because引导的状语从句）