中考英语二轮复习子母题专练第13讲 阅读理解题型(中考必考阅读技能考点）（含解析）

这是一份中考英语二轮复习子母题专练第13讲 阅读理解题型(中考必考阅读技能考点）（含解析），共33页。试卷主要包含了What is Diana?，将文中划线句子翻译成汉语等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专 题 三
中考题型 语法知语法知识识

第13讲 阅读理解题型



要点归纳思维导图



解题口诀及母题典例
阅读理解题型高频考点实用解题口诀

高频考点1：单一细节题

解题口诀：画定比
口诀注释：
画-------阅读题干画关键(数词、名词、动词；大写：人名、地名)
定—----回文定位找区间
比—----选项比较原文
口诀识别
阅读理解题目以6W(What /Who /When / Where /Why/Which )+1H(How)及其变式进行提问时，用此口诀解题。
口诀解题典例
A woman was collecting money for a charity. The money she collected was going to be given to poor children who had no parents to take care of them. She went from house to house. She knocked on doors and asked for money.
Who was the woman collecting money for?
A.Poor children. B.Herself. C. Her friends D.An artist.
口诀解题答案解析
题干用Who进行提问，满足6W+1H的细节题特征，用“画定比”口诀解题。画出题干中的关键词(the woman collecting money),定位到原文的第1句和第2句，对比原文和选项可知，这位女士是为了帮助贫困的孤儿而筹钱，故选A。
解题坑点
在对比原文和选项过程中，部分细节题的正确答案是原文原词、原文原句，但遇到有难度的文章时，细节题的正确答案可能是原文单词的近义词转换或原文改写，所以在对比过程中要仔细阅读，仔细比对每一处细节。
母题
1
（2023·山东菏泽·统考中考真题）
Sixteen-year-old Yang Shuncheng of China won in the Artistic Swimming World Cup in Somabay, Egypt on Saturday, May 13, 2023.
With the theme of The Cello Song by The Piano Guys, Yang challenge a difficulty sore of 27.0, higher than all other six players, and received 232.5792 points.
“I thought about the victory but did not think much. It was my first international competition and I was very nervous before the race. I was lucky to win and feel the taste of gold medals. I expect a more challenging competition tomorrow,” said Yang.

Forty kilometers norh of central Chengdu, the Sanxingdui site is rgrded as one of the most imporant dscveries of the 20th century. Visitors can see thousands of treasures dating back to the Shang Dynasty (1600—1046 BC) in Sanxingdui Museum.
This one-day Chengdu tour not only takes you to visit the lovely kingdom of giant pandas, but also the mysterious Sanxingdui illizaion. The protected pandas and Sanxingdu’s relis (遗迹) are both considered national treasures.

Yan Yan Gu Shi (Salt and Words Story), a new app (应用程序) for storytellers to share short stories which can be mostly finished in 10 to 20 minutes, appeared for the first time on China’s largest Q & A platform (平台) Zhihu on May 18, 2023.
An exhibition (展览), which was held in Bejing Fun in Qianmen Street between May 18 and 28, showed the painted props(道具) of some of the most popular stories on the app, providing visitors with an experience to play the roles.

1．Who got the gold medal in the Artistic Swimming World Cup in Egypt?
A．Yang Shuncheng. B．The Piano Guys. C．The six players.
2．Where can visitors see thousands of treasures dating back to the Shang Dynasty?
A．In Somabay. B．In Sanxingdui Museum. C．In the kingdom of pandas.
3．What is Yan Yan Gu Shi?
A．It’s a new app for storytelling. B．It’s a platform to sell paintings. C．It’s an exhibition in Beijing Fun.

【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了三则新闻报道。
1．细节理解题。根据“Sixteen-year-old Yang Shuncheng of China won in the Artistic Swimming World Cup in Somabay, Egypt on Saturday, May 13, 2023.”可知杨顺诚在埃及艺术游泳世界杯上获得金牌。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据“Visitors can see thousands of treasures dating back to the Shang Dynasty (1600—1046 BC) in Sanxingdui Museum.”可知游客可以在三星堆博物馆看到数千件商朝的珍宝。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“Yan Yan Gu Shi (Salt and Words Story), a new app (应用程序) for storytellers to share short stories”可知盐言故事是一款讲故事的新应用。故选A。


高频考点2：复杂细节题
解题口诀：四次四辨
画定比×4
画--------每个选项画关键(数词、名词、动词；大写：人名、地名)
定--------每个选项回文定位找区间
比--------每个选项比较原文
口诀识别
题干要求找出四个选项中正确或错误的一项时，可利用“画定比”的方法分析选项，得出正确答案。
口诀解题典例：
You will swim there without danger if you remember these instructions(指示):
* Never swim alone.
* Never swim after a meal or when you feel hungry or tired.
* Do not stay in the water too long.
* Never go out in a boat if you cannot swim.
Remember: A red flag means that it is dangerous for anybody to go into the water. A blue flag means that it is dangerous for children.
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. You can always swim when you see a red flag
B. You should not swim with other people.
C. You should not swim after lunch
D.You can't swim for a short time.
口诀解题答案解析
根据题干中的TRUE及口诀可知，A项的always swim与原文"A red flag means that it is dangerous for anybody to go into the water."不符，B项在原文中没有体现，C项的not swim after lunch与原文Never swim after a meal同义， D项can't swim for a short time与原文“Do not stay in the water too long.”意思相反，故选C。
解题坑点
1.进行复杂细节题的画定比时，须特别注意错误选项的特征：
(1)偷换概念：句子部分内容和原文重合，但通过关键词的改变而使得含义大相径庭。
(2)张冠李戴：选项信息在文章中全部涉及，但是主体和信息的匹配做了位置调换。
(3)无中生有：原文无相关描写。
(4)以偏概全：用部分代替整体。
2.复杂细节题常考“三正一误”,选NOT TRUE的情况，不要选择正确表述。

母题
2
（2023·山东济南·统考中考真题）
◎◎◎
Blog


Diana
Garcia
@dgarcia
It’s a mini-project for my course at college. Thanks to all my friends (174 in total) who answered my questions about selfies (自拍). Here’s the result.
Selfies in Numbers
Who’s Taking Selfies?
Top Situations for Selfies

30% at a party / on a night out
34% on vacation
20% at school
16% in front of the mirror
30% with a friend /a group of friends
52% alone
Changing Selfies
Top Reasons for Selfies
I have used an app（应用程序）to......change my hair 37%
...add glasses or a silly mustache 32%
...add a filter（滤镜）25%
... change my eye color 6%
1  to remember a happy moment
2  because you feel good
3  because you look good
4  to share information about your life

FUN FACT!! People take TWO selfies a day on average.
4．What is Diana?
A．A college student. B．An actress. C．A news reporter. D．A director.
5．How many people answered Diana’s questions?
A．36. B．52. C．64. D．174.
6．Who’s taking the most selfies?
A．18-year-olds. B．19-year-olds. C．20-year-olds. D．21-year-olds.
7．Which app is the least popular for changing selfies?
A．An app for adding a filter. B．An app for adding glasses.
C．An app for changing eye color. D．An app for changing hair.
8．What are included in the result?
① problems of selfies
② why people take selfies
③ famous people’s selfies
④ where people take selfies
⑤ how often people take selfies
A．①③⑤ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．②④⑤

【答案】4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，是戴安娜关于自拍问题的调研结果。
4．推理判断题。根据“It’s a mini-project for my course at college.”可知，戴安娜是一名大学生，故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据“Thanks to all my friends (174 in total) who answered my questions about selfies (自拍).”可知，一共有174人回答了戴安娜关于自拍的问题，故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据“Age”下面的图片显示可知，19岁的人最爱自拍，故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据“I have used an app（应用程序）to...”下面的“change my eye color 6%”可知，“change my eye color”最不受欢迎，故选C。
8．细节理解题。根据“Top Reasons for Selfies”、“Top Situations for Selfies”和“People take TWO selfies a day on average.”可知，文章提到了自拍的原因、地点和频率，故选D。


高频考点3：代词指代
解题口诀：替身法
代词指代找名词，原词通常在前方；看单复，辨人称，所有格，找就近。
口诀识别
阅读题目中需要对代词所指代的内容进行分辨，需要确认所指代的对象是什么/谁时，用此口诀解题。
口诀解题典例：
The next day, Mrs. Green gave the class a test. Emma did well. Mrs. Green gave her a smile face sticker(贴纸). But Emma didn't put it on her paper. She put the sticker on her lunch box.
The underlined word "it"in this paragraph refers to__________.
A.the lunch box B.the sticker C. the test D. the work
口诀解题答案解析
根据文中"Emma did well.Mrs. Green gave her a smile face sticker."可知，it指代a smile face sticker,故选B。
解题坑点
多个名词出现时，要注意具体指代对象是谁，并用单数、复数和人称去验证。
母题
3
2021·山东·校考二模）
A few years ago I went through such a serious depression (抑郁症) that life didn’t seem worth living. It was like that I was living in the cold winter all the time. Then I saw snowdrops (雪花莲) pushing through the cold and hard ground. I looked at them every day until I felt that if they could come back to life, then so could I. (1)Those green plants gave me hope in a special way.
As spring came, I started to put in more and more plants, until the garden was full of colours. Life was growing through my hands, gentle and peaceful. If I gave love, it was returned, a hundredfold (百倍的).
I could spend hours lost in gardening. The form of depression I have is biological (遗传的). (2)Ithas influenced many of my family with no reason and no rules. I can be depressed when the sun is shining or I am surrounded by a group of loving friends. Of course, fresh air and exercise help to reduce depression, but for me gardening is more than that. It stands for treatment as well as hope.
At the centre of the first garden, I planted a tree by myself. It is huge and magnificent (茂盛的) now. It stands the low temperatures and strong winds. The leaves drops in autumn but the tree always, always (3) ________ to life in spring. And so I learn that we may fall, we may hurt, we may be tested, but there is always hope.
30．将文中划线句子翻译成汉语。

31．What does the underlinde word “it” refer to? (文中划线单词It指代什么)

32．在空白处填写一个恰当的短语，使句意完整。（从文章中找出）

33．What does gardening mean for the writer? (根据短文内容回答问题)

34．Please give a best title to the passage. (从文中找出本文最好的标题写出来)


【答案】30．那些绿色的植物以一种特殊的方式给我希望。 31．(The form of)depression. 32．comes back 33．It means/stands for treatment as well as hope. 34．There Is Always Hope
【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲了多年前作者患有严重的抑郁症，有一天看到一题绿芽从坚硬的土里长了出来，作者深受触动，并且走出抑郁的故事。
30．Those green plants那些绿色的植物；gave me hope给我希望；in a special way以一种特殊的方式。故填“那些绿色的植物以一种特殊的方式给我希望。”
31．根据上文“The form of depression I have is biological.Ithas influenced many of my family with no reason and no rules.”可知此处It指代上文提到的“The form of depression”，故填(The form of) depression.
32．根据第一段中的信息“I looked at them every day until I felt that if they could come back to life”结合本句“The leaves drops in autumn but the tree always, always … to life in spring.”可知是秋天树叶掉落，但树总是在春天复活。因此此处应填come back，这里的主语the tree是第三人称单数形式，句子时态是一般现在时，因此come也要用第三人称单数形式。故填comes back。
33．根据“It stands for treatment as well as hope.”可知它代表着治疗和希望，故填It means/stands for treatment as well as hope.
34．根据文中的信息“And so I learn that we may fall, we may hurt, we may be tested, but there is always hope.”结合文章内容可知本文主要讲了多年前作者患有严重的抑郁症，有一天看到一题绿芽从坚硬的土里长了出来，作者深受触动，并且走出抑郁的故事。标题可用“There Is Always Hope”。故填There Is Always Hope。


高频考点4：词义猜测题
解题口诀：剥洋葱法
猜词题一看单词构成；二看解释举例；三看同义反义；四看因果关系。
口诀识别
当题干为The underlined word"x××”in the passage probably means“____";What does the underlined word"×××"probably mean?等表述时，用此口诀解题。
口诀解题典例：
Do you have any friends from other countries? Do you know what they are like?The Germans(德国人)are very quiet and they don't get excited easily. They don't want to say more words. They look serious (严肃的), but they really know how to have fun.They work hard and like tidiness. Most German women like to keep their houses clean.
What does the underlined word "tidiness" mean in Chinese?
A.整洁 B.安静 C.时尚 D.随意
口诀解题答案解析
根据口诀“三看同义反义”,后文“like to keep their houses clean”正好与“like tidiness”相对应(同义),故选A。
解题坑点
部分猜词题选项会设置成所猜词的一词多义，此时需要选择文中意思。
母题
4
（2020·广西贺州·统考中考真题）Four years ago, my mother gave birth to a brother for me when I was 10. I have learned a lot from getting along with him.
After he was born, I almost became a babysitter. I had to amuse him after school. I would make faces and sing to him when he was crying. Sometimes I even carried him everywhere in our yard to cheer him up while my parents were busy. What I liked to do best was to feed him when looking after him. How cute he was as he tasted his favorite food! My parents often praised me happily. As an elder brother, you've made contributions to looking after your younger brother.
I have got happiness from looking after my brother. When I was young, I was the only child in my family. I could get what I wanted from my parents. I was a" Little Emperor" in my family.
But now, as long as I get something good, I want to give it to my brother first. I remembered the year when he was three, he was fond of Rubik cubes (魔方). I bought one for him with my lucky money as a birthday present. When he got it, he was so happy that he laughed, hugged me and kissed me.
Thanks for spending these years together with my family. It has taught me how to be responsible and unselfish. Not only should I look after myself, but also I should pay attention to my family.
9．When did the writer’s mother gave birth to a brother for him?
A．3 years ago. B．4 years ago. C．8 years ago. D．10 years ago.
10．What does the underlined word "amuse" in the second paragraph mean?
A．令……开心 B．令……生气 C．令……讨厌 D．开……玩笑
11．Which of the following is NOT TRUE when looking after his younger brother?
A．He fed him. B．He told stories to him.
C．He made faces and sang to him. D．He carried him everywhere in the yard.
12．What might you learn the passage?
A．Be responsible. B．Be unselfish.
C．Be responsible and confident. D．Be responsible and unselfish.

【答案】9．B 10．A 11．B 12．D

【分析】本文主要讲述了作者照看自己弟弟的故事。作者在十岁有了弟弟之后，悉心照顾弟弟，从中教会了作者什么是责任，什么是无私。
9．细节理解题。根据第一句“Four years ago, my mother gave birth to a brother for me when I was 10.”可知，作者在四年前有了自己的弟弟。故选B。
10．词义猜测题。根据下一句“I would make faces and sing to him when he was crying.”可知，作者给弟弟做鬼脸、唱歌的目的是为了让弟弟开心，所以amuse意为“使开心”。故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I would make faces and sing to him when he was crying. Sometimes I even carried him everywhere in our yard to cheer him up while my parents were busy. What I liked to do best was to feed him when looking after him.”可知在照看弟弟时，作者会做鬼脸、唱歌，带弟弟到院子里的任何地方以及喂他，所以选项A、C和D说法正确，本小题要求选择说法不正确的选项。故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据最后一段开头两句“Thanks for spending these years together with my family. It has taught me how to be responsible and unselfish.”可知在与家人相处的岁月中，作者学会了如何负责和无私。故选D。


高频考点5：文章出处题
解题口诀：落叶归根法
正向匹配话题，反向排除验证(想象自己若是作者，会包含什么要素)。
口诀识别
如果遇到如下出题方式，可以使用本口诀。
The passage is most likely to be taken from .
Where is the text probably from?
Where would you probably read this passage?The passage is most likely a part of .
口诀解题典例：
AI(人工智能) makes our lives easier and better. Let's see the amazing AI.Cool driver less bus
A bus door opens and you get on..Your close friend
Hi, everyone. I'm Xiaoice,a chatbot(聊天机器人).World's first AI anchor(主播)Hey,look! The famous Chinese anchor Qiu Hao is reporting the news for us.
Popular AI artist
This beautiful painting was at an auction (拍卖)in 2022...We can probably see the passage in
A.a newspaper B. a notice C. a novel D.a guidebook
口诀解题答案解析
根据文中“AI、聊天机器人、主播、拍卖”等新闻词汇可知，我们可能在报纸上看到这篇文章，故选A。
解题坑点
常见出处类型和特点如下，学生需要通过进行匹配和排除答题。
1.newspaper /website/magazine:事件日期/地点、人物事件、名人故事、体育赛事等。
2.advertisement/ad:格式特殊，介绍价格、折扣、营业时间等。
3. research paper:介绍科学知识、新型科技等，含有experiment、research、study、scientist、technology等词。
4.travel/tourist guide:介绍某地或行程等。
母题
5
（2023·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）
The nose helps us a lot. It tells us when dinner is almost ready and leads the way to sweet cakes. It also tells us to keep away from bad smells. But do you know the interesting facts about something that smells bad?
Fish
You might have noticed that fish smell unpleasant sometimes. Fish from the ocean smell the strongest. These saltwater fish have a chemical (化学物质) called TMAO. While we prepare fish for cooking, TMAO is already changing into other things. One is called TMA．It smells super smelly. Usually, before cooks make saltwater fish a dish, they wash fish. And most of the TMA can be washed away. Cooks also add lemon to make the fish less smelly.
Feet
Foot sweat (脚汗) itself does not have a bad smell at first. But it has food and water that the bacteria (细菌) need. With them, the bacteria give off some smell. Most shoes often keep sweat in them. That makes shoes and socks warm and wet—a place where bacteria can grow. Different types of bacteria give off different smells. That’s why feet may smell like bad vegetables, smelly eggs or other smelly things.
Eggs
Many things smell terrible when they go bad. But a bad egg gives off the most famous bad smell of all and draws people’s attention. When an egg goes bad, the bacteria help to change the sulfur (硫) in its white part into sulfur and hydrogen (硫化氢). And it smells really bad. The nose just warns us away from it because too much sulfur and hydrogen will harm our health.
13．How does the writer tell readers that something smells bad in the passage?
A．By showing forms. B．By listing numbers.
C．By drawing pictures. D．By giving examples.
14．What can you learn from the passage?
A．Different bacteria produce the same smell.
B．A smelly egg gives off sulfur and hydrogen.
C．Dry shoes and socks can help bacteria grow.
D．Lemon increases the bad smell of saltwater fish.
15．Which part of a magazine is the passage most probably taken from?
A．Word History. B．Cooking Tips. C．Travel Guide. D．Fun Facts.

【答案】13．D 14．B 15．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些关于闻起来很难闻的东西的有趣事实。
13．推理判断题。根据“But do you know the interesting facts about something that smells bad?”可知，文章第一段介绍本文主题，一些闻起来很难闻的东西的有趣事实，接下来作者列举了鱼、脚以及变质的鸡蛋的味道，故作者通过举例子的方式介绍文章内容。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据“When an egg goes bad, the bacteria help to change the sulfur (硫) in its white part into sulfur and hydrogen (硫化氢).”可知，臭鸡蛋会释放出硫和氢。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据“But do you know the interesting facts about something that smells bad?”及全文可知，本文介绍了一些关于闻起来很难闻的东西的有趣事实，故文章可能来源于“Fun Facts”版块。故选D。


高频考点6：推断题
解题口诀：一步推理
一步推理法+排除法
一步推理：回文定位，立足原文，只推一步；排除法：排除过度推理和无推理的选项。
口诀识别
通常出现以下题干时，用此口诀解题。
What can we infer from the underlined sentence?
What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
From the last paragraph, we can infer that .
According to Paragraph 3, we can infer that .
口诀解题典例：
There was an English teacher in fifth grade who could magically take us to different worlds every day by telling us stories and reading to us from books we would other wise never pick up. This was our secret and fun time because fifth graders were considered too old to have stories read out to them.
We can infer from this paragraph that the stories
A. were told in a magic way B.were written by the teacher
C.included some students' secrets D.left the students with happy memories
口诀解题答案解析
根据文中"This was our secret and fun time"可推断出，这些故事给学生们留下了美好的回
忆，故选D。
解题坑点
注意选项无推理时，是错误的，但选项中出现“三错和一原文”的情况时，只能选“一原文"。
母题
6
（2023·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）Katie was waiting for Gulliver’s calls. Instead, she just heard sparrows making noise in the bushes. “Maybe Gulliver missed the harbour.” Dad said. After breakfast, Katie took her camera to the harbour. All the colourful boats made pretty pictures, but not the one she wanted most.

Katie waved to Ernest, her uncle’s neighbour, on the boathouse. The gull’s name, Gulliver, was given by him. The gull’s size and his single leg made the bird itself different. But Ernest told Katie what Gulliver did that first summer Katie and her dad came caught everyone’s attention. Young Katie lay in her stroller (婴儿车) on the floating dock (码头) when Uncle Ralph and Dad were repairing boats nearby. The waves from the passing boat made Katie’s stroller shake strongly. “Kee-aah! Kee-aah!” Gulliver made the loudest cry. Dad and uncle rushed to Katie and stopped the stroller from falling into the water. They kept a close eye at Katie after that. Another summer Katie was three years old, she liked to touch everything. But Dad didn’t watch her every minute when she tried to catch small ducks around or fish from water. “Kee-aah! Kee-aah!” The gull’s cry brought Dad back in time. He stopped Katie as she tried to follow the small ducks running towards water. Several summers passed, and Gulliver continued to call out as Katie tried new things.
This summer Katie did the usual by-the-sea things she’d learned to do. One day, she rowed a boat out but was trapped on a rock by a storm. As she looked up and tried to catch the last warmth of the sunshine through dark clouds, she saw a single white feather. A gull feather? She searched the sky for an answer. Putting her arms around knees, she closed eyes to hold in the tears (眼泪). “Kee-aah! Kee-aah!” Katie sat up. “Katie! Katie!” Soon, Dad and Uncle Ralph appeared. “How lucky! We heard Gulliver as we came around the rocks,” Uncle Ralph said, “At least… it sounded like him. Strange, he was nowhere in sight.” Katie remembered the feather. “I thought I heard him, too.”
—Adapted from the story by Gillian Richardson
16．Katie took a camera to the harbour in order to take a picture of ________.
A．Gulliver B．Ernest C．sparrows D．boats
17．What’s the right order of the following events about Katie?
①She was trapped on a rock by a storm.
②She lay in her stroller on the floating dock.
③She followed the small ducks running towards water.
A．①②③ B．①③② C．②③① D．②①③
18．Which of the following can show the change of Katie’s feelings in Paragraph 3?
A．sad—peaceful—excited B．sad—excited—nervous
C．helpless—hopeful—thankful D．helpless—thankful—nervous
19．What’s the best title for the story?
A．Katie and Gulliver B．Katie’s Holidays
C．Katie and Dad D．Katie’s Tears

【答案】16．A 17．C 18．C 19．A

【导语】本文根据Gillian Richardson所写的故事改编，主要讲述了女孩Katie和海鸥Gulliver的故事。
16．细节理解题。根据“Katie was waiting for Gulliver’s calls.”可知，Katie想拍Gulliver。故选A。
17．细节理解题。根据“Young Katie lay in her stroller (婴儿车) on the floating dock (码头) when Uncle Ralph and Dad were repairing boats nearby.”可知，她躺在浮动船坞上的婴儿车里，因此②排在第一位；根据“He stopped Katie as she tried to follow the small ducks running towards water.”可知，她跟着小鸭子朝水边跑去，因此③排在第二位；根据“One day, she rowed a boat out but was trapped on a rock by a storm.”可知，她被暴风雨困在岩石上，因此①排在第一位。故选C。
18．推理判断题。根据“One day, she rowed a boat out but was trapped on a rock by a storm.”可推知，她被暴风雨困在岩石上应该是无助的；根据“she saw a single white feather. A gull feather? She searched the sky for an answer.”可推知，当看到白色羽毛时，她应该是满怀希望的；根据“Soon, Dad and Uncle Ralph appeared.”可知，爸爸和叔叔找到了她应该是感激的。故选C。
19．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，主要讲述了女孩Katie和海鸥Gulliver的故事。故选项A“Katie和Gulliver”适合作为本文的标题。故选A。


高频考点7：段落大意题
解题口诀：见首也见尾
段落首尾句，关注高频词：若遇转折词，主旨其后出。
口诀识别
阅读理解题中需要对段落大意进行总结时，用此口诀解题。
口诀解题典例
Today, many hospitals let in specially trained dogs to bring love and cheer to patients Shayne is a therapy(治疗)dog. She visits children who are in hospital. Dogs like Shayne help patients feel calm. They help people stay strong during the long hospital stay. With the help of the dogs, the patients can get better more quickly.
What is the main idea of this paragraph?
A. Hospitals need many special dogs. B.Dogs can help patients get better.
C. Patients need love in the hospital. D. Doctors are too busy to see patients
口诀解题答案解析
根据段尾句“With the help of the dogs, the patients can get better more quickly.”可知，本段主旨是"狗可以帮助患者康复",故选B。
解题坑点
1.要注意段落大意题的正确选项可能是同义改写，而非原文原句。
2.如果段首段尾没有主旨句，则需要对段落内容进行归纳与整合。
母题
7
（2023·山东济南·统考中考真题）Warming temperatures and shorter winters might sound like the end of snow days. However, rising temperatures may actually cause snowstorms to dump more snow, says David Robinson. He is a professor at a university in New Jersey. He studies climate (气候) change.
Temperature change is one of the greatest in Earth’s climate change over a long period of time. It can happen naturally or because of human activities, such as burning gas and coal. Burning these fuels produces carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) and other pollutants into the atmosphere, which hold heat in the atmosphere, leading to warmer global temperatures over time.
But how could warmer temperatures lead to more snow? To get snow, you need moisture (水汽) and freezing temperatures (0℃ or less), says Robinson. Without moisture in the air, there is no precipitation (rain or snow). Robinson says there are signs that snowstorms are becoming stronger. This is because of this connection between moisture and precipitation.
“The warmer the air becomes, the more moisture it holds. So, if it’s warming and still cold enough to snow, you can get more snow,” Robinson says.
Of the 10 biggest snowfalls in D．C． region, five happened in the past 25 years, according to the NWS. During that same time period, average winter temperatures in D．C． increased. In 1996, the average winter temperature was 1.8℃. In 2020, it was 6℃.
Weather experts suggest that rising temperatures may make winter shorter and less cold. But for now, the snow is still falling. One day, winter might not have any days below the freezing temperature. Once temperatures stay above freezing, snowstorms become rain. Until then, we might continue to see strong storms.
According to Robinson, that time could come sooner than we think. He says, “When we look back, years from now, we may see that this was the breaking point.”
20．What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．How Earth’s climate changes. B．What causes rising temperatures.
C．What produces carbon dioxide. D．How pollution influences climate.
21．What will the warming temperatures cause according to the text?
A．Less coal. B．Drier weather.
C．Longer winters. D．Stronger snowstorms.
22．What is the purpose of paragraph 5?
A．To introduce D．C．
B．To report the biggest 10 snowstorms.
C．To support Robinson’s ideas.
D．To show the increase of temperatures.
23．What does Robinson think of the future warming temperatures?
A．Impossible. B．Serious. C．Meaningless. D．Amazing.
24．Where is the text probably taken from?
A．A science magazine. B．A story book.
C．A science fiction. D．A travel guide.

【答案】20．B 21．D 22．C 23．B 24．A

【导语】本文主要讲了温度上升与更多的暴风雪是否有关系的问题。
20．主旨大意题。根据“Burning these fuels produces carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) and other pollutants into the atmosphere, which hold heat in the atmosphere, leading to warmer global temperatures over time.”可知，第二段主要介绍了导致气温上升的原因。故选B。
21．推理判断题。根据“Robinson says there are signs that snowstorms are becoming stronger. This is because of this connection between moisture and precipitation.”可知，变暖的温度会导致更强的暴风雪。故选D。
22．推理判断题。根据“Of the 10 biggest snowfalls in D. C. region, five happened in the past 25 years, …average winter temperatures in D. C. increased. In 1996, the average winter temperature was 1.8℃. In 2020, it was 6℃.”可推知，作者在第五段通过陈述华盛顿地区的事实，进一步印证了Robinson的观点。故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据“One day, winter might not have any days below the freezing temperature.”以及“According to Robinson, that time could come sooner than we think.”可推知，Robinson认为未来全球变暖，气温升高会很严重。故选B。
24．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了温度上升与更多的暴风雪是否有关系的问题。故可推知，文章可能来源于一本科学杂志。故选A。


高频考点8：主旨标题题
解题口诀：首尾高频转折法
开头结尾高频词，转折之后现主旨。
口诀识别
当阅读题目中出现main idea/title/topic等词时，则考查主旨标题，可以使用此口诀。
口诀解题典例：
Homework is your teachers' way of evaluating(评估) how much students understand the lessons in class. As a student, you always have too much homework, but you have to finish it. Here are a few tips to make homework less.
★ Make a homework plan. First, write the task down in your notebook. If you forget it, please ask the teachers again. Second, use any extra time in school to work on your homework.
★ Watch where you work. Find a table at home which doesn't need to be very large, just big enough to put your school things on it. You'd better not do it before a computer or on your comfortable bed. It's hard for you to concentrate on (集中精力于)
your homework.
★ Get to work. When you start your homework at home, do the hardest problems first. Later, when you feel tired, you can do the simple ones. Don't spend too much time on a difficult problem. You can ask an adult or an elder family member for help, or call or email a classmate for advice
★ Have a rest. Having a 15-minute rest every hour is good for you. After you finish your homework, check it over. Be sure to put it safely away in your backpack. Now you're free to play outside.
What's the best title for this passage?
A. Where to Do Your Homework
B.The Importance of Homework
C. The Teachers and Your Homework
D. How to Make Your Homework Less
口诀解题答案解析
本题文章含有多个小标题，此时主旨句通常位于首段最后一到两句话，所以直接定位到首段最后一句话"Here are a few tips to make homework less."。这句话和D选项表达最相似，故
选D。
解题坑点
主旨题解题过程中，一定要根据不同的文体使用不同的方法。若是含有多个小标题的文章，适合使用首尾法。若是文章首尾段没有总结类句子，则使用高频词法，或者转折词法。一定要具体情况，具体分析，所选句子不可“以偏概全”。
母题
8
（2020·四川广安·统考中考真题）There are quite a few advantages of wearing school uniforms(校服). The idea may seem disagreeable at first, but thinking all the good results of wearing uniforms, you would be more likely to enjoy them.
Teachers love school uniforms because they provide a good learning environment for students. And they can pay their attention to study rather than style.
Buying school uniforms is easy and needs less thought. No matter what the school rules are, there are only basic pieces to the clothes that are necessary, and school uniforms can last a long time, so it won’t break the bank. Parents could also enjoy an easy morning, as it will take less time to choose a set of clothes for the school day.
Students wearing uniforms will feel easier about choosing what to wear. Some students may not like the lack of individuality (个性) with uniforms, but some school dress rules may offer them the chance to show their unique (独特的) styles. And uniforms today are also becoming more fashionable and can be found in many areas of pop culture. Superstars and fashion designers (设计师) are using uniforms as encouragement for new looks which also interest students.
25．Teachers think that wearing school uniforms ________.
A．is just a tradition B．makes students feel uncomfortable
C．helps students pay attention to their study D．makes students lose unique styles
26．The underlined part “it won’t break the bank” in the third paragraph means “________”.
A．a school uniform doesn’t cost a lot of money B．students should wear uniforms every day
C．parents have to go to the bank many times D．parents working in a bank can afford the uniform
27．From the passage, we can know that school uniforms ________.
A．will be designed by students B．are not popular with superstars
C．are not accepted by parents D．will be more fashionable in the future
28．According to the author(作者), wearing school uniforms is ________.
A．bad B．good C．tiring D．awful
29．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．How to deal with study in school. B．How to dress.
C．The history of wearing school uniforms. D．The advantages of wearing school uniforms.

【答案】25．C 26．A 27．D 28．B 29．D

【分析】本文从老师，家长和学生角度介绍了校服的好处。
25．细节理解题。根据“And they can pay their attention to study rather than style”，可知，老师认为穿校服能让学生关注学习，故选C。
26．词句猜测题。根据“No matter what the school rules are, there are only basic pieces to the clothes that are necessary, and school uniforms can last a long time, so it won’t break the bank”，可知，无论学校的政策是什么，校服只是一些特定的必需品，并且会持续很长时间，所以校服并不会花很多钱，故“it won’t break the bank”表示“校服不会花费许多钱”，故选A。
27．推理判断题。根据“And uniforms today are also becoming more fashionable and can be found in many areas of pop culture”，可知，未来校服会变得更加时尚，故选D。
28．观点态度题。根据“The idea may seem disagreeable at first, but thinking all the good results of wearing uniforms, you would be more likely to enjoy them”，可知，考虑到穿校服的所有好处，你可能会更喜欢它们，所以作者是认为穿校服是好的，故选B。
29．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文从老师，家长和学生角度介绍了校服的好处，故选D。



名校新优子题高分必刷
阅读理解

1
（2023·河南焦作·统考一模）Have you ever seen a bee fly busily? Do you think the bee is just flying around? Actually, the bee is hard at work.
Bees spend a lot of time looking for food. But not all the bees in the hive(蜂巢) have this work. Bees can be divided into three kinds—a queen bee, drones(雄蜂), and worker bees. The queen bee is very important. She is the mother of all the bees that live in the hive. Worker bees do all the other work in the hive. Besides looking for food, they make and clean the hive. They also take care of the queen and protect her.
Bees make dance-like movements inside the hive to send messages about food. They use different movements to give different kinds of information. They tell where food can be found and how far away it is from the hive. Bees can even share how much food there is and how good it is.
And surprisingly, a new research has found that a group of bees could generate an amazing amount of electricity by beating their wings more than 200 times per second. And the amount of electricity could reach 100 to 1,000 V(伏). That’s eight times greater than the electricity a storm cloud can produce.
Scientists found that the denser(密集的) the cloud of bees is, the bigger the electrical field is. Based on these findings, the team recorded that bees—which group in huge, dense clouds—could have an influence similar to that of a storm. Further research is needed to find out how electricity influences the bees and their environment.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1．Why does the writer ask two questions in Paragraph 1?
A．To find the answers. B．To present the argument.
C．To interest the readers. D．To show the latest research results.
2．What do worker bees need to do?
a. Make the hive.        b. Look for food.
c. Look after the queen.        d. Give birth to the baby bees.
A．a, b, d B．a, b, c C．b, c, d D．a, c, d
3．How do bees communicate with one another?
A．By making noise. B．By spreading smell.
C．By producing electricity. D．By using different movements.
4．What does the underlined word “generate” mean in Chinese?
A．利用 B．产生 C．切断 D．输送
5．Which one shows the relationship between the density of the cloud of bees (x) and the amount of electricity level (y)?
A． B． C． D．


2
（2023·辽宁营口·统考二模）To help players perform better in the World Cup, people have been improving the match balls for years. Let’s check out some famous World Cup balls.
Telstar (1970): It was the first ball to appear on live broadcast (直播). It was made with a black and white pattern so that it could be seen on black and white televisions.
Azteca (1986): It was the first ball to include designs inspired by the hos nation — Mexico.
Tango Espana (1982): It was the first ball with water-resistant (防水的) qualities. It was also the last ball made of leather (真皮).
Tricolore (1998): The Tricolore was the first World Cup ball that has many colors. The colors came from the national flag of the host nation — France.
Teamgeist (2006): It was the first ball to change from the 32 panels (拼块) introduced in 1970. It had just 14 panels.
Al Rihla (2022): It is a new ball made for the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar. It has been widely believed that the “Al Rihla” will be the fastest ball ever used in a soccer competition. It has a new 20-piece panel shape with bright colors of red and blue. Al Rihla is good for the environment because it used only water-based inks (墨水) and glues.
6．________ was the first World Cup ball that has many colors.
A．Telstar B．Tango Espana C．Tricolore D．Teamgeist
7．The ball which was suitable for rainy days was used in ________.
A．1982 B．1998 C．1986 D．2022
8．According to the passage, Al Rihla ________.
A．has 14 panels B．is the first World Cup ball
C．is white and black D．is environmentally friendly
9．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A．Telstar could be seen on live broadcast. B．Tango Espana was the fastest ball.
C．The 1986 World Cup was held in France. D．Teamgeist was first used in 1970.
10．What’s the purpose of the passage?
A．To call on people to play football together. B．To introduce famous World Cup balls.
C．To invite people to watch the World Cup. D．To show the importance of the World Cup.


3

（2023·广东汕头·统考一模）

If you are 13-18 years old and want to improve your English by abroad, Nacel, a great organization, will help you enter high schools in the USA．
In order to succeed in completing the following exchange programs, you must have a high English language level, a strong ability to live far away from home and a great interest in experiencing a new culture. You will be able to choose from a short-time experience(a few weeks) to a school term or a school year.
International School Program
Besides offering common subjects of other high school, this program offers STEM subjects，giving students the chance to develop skills and knowledge in the areas of science, technology, engineering, and math. For international students，English lessons are available after school.
Private High School Program
We offer all private high schools across the country. You can choose any city you want to go. For the program, students will be required to have a good score in our English exam and to attend an interview performed by one of our program staff(工作人员).
Homestay Program
Live in an American family in the USA! The homestay program offers teenagers chances to experience the everyday life of a host family in the USA． Our wonderful hosts will help you to know the local community as soon as possible.
To find more information, please click Here or:
Phone: 001-651-315-7880                            Email: naceltravel@google.com
11．Nacel is _________.
A．a website B．an organization C．a program D．an American teacher
12．Who will probably attend the programs?
A．A French boy who can hardly speak English.
B．A Chinese girl who doesn’t want to leave home.
C．A German girl who is interested in American culture.
D．An American boy who is studying at a college in New York.
13．What is special about the International School Program?
A．Its STEM subjects. B．Its international students.
C．Its after-school clubs. D．Its common subjects of high school.
14．Which of the following is TRUE about the Homestay Program?
A．It requires students to have an interview.
B．It helps students get into any private high school.
C．It helps students know about Americans’ daily life.
D．Its staff will take students to know the local community.
15．This passage is _________.
A．to give advice on English learning
B．to introduce American education
C．to help students know about American culture
D．to get students to join the programs


4
（2023·湖南湘西·统考三模）
●Become a volunteer and help those who need your help in your community!
Volunteer work includes helping the poor, helping the families whose houses were destroyed（毁坏）by natural disasters or creating green areas for neighborhood families. Whichever service activity you choose, you have the right to make a difference and create a real change in the community!
Join the Volunteer Service Center today! Volunteers are the greatest people in the world. Let’s work together to make the world a better place.
●Our summer holiday volunteer jobs are open to any Americans. You don’t need any special skills to join and there are no age limits.
With Biosphere Expedition（生物圈探险）, you can be a wildlife and environmental volunteer for anywhere from two weeks to two months.
You’ll work with local scientists, and the leaders from Biosphere Expedition will be by your side.
★★★
We need students at the age of 16 and up who study at school and want give them chances to use their talents, skills and knowledge to help the little kids. They must have enough patience and are warm-hearted.
16．The volunteers can ________ in the community.
A．look after the pet animals B．build a house for the homeless C．help the people who are poor
17．Biosphere Expedition is likely to be held ________.
A．for three months B．in the summer holiday C．only by local scientists
18．If Li Chun is ________ years old, he can be a volunteer to help the little kids.
A．13 B．15 C．17
19．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．To join the holiday volunteer work, special skills are required.
B．The volunteer can choose any service activity in the community.
C．The student who doesn’t study at school can be a volunteer to help the little kids.
20．What is the best title for this passage?
A．A Job Interview B．Volunteers Wanted C．An Expedition Club


5
（2023·湖南湘西·统考三模）
Ways of
Payment




Appearing time
Dec. 12, 2004
Sep. 9, 2005
Aug. 8, 2003
Jan. 12, 2011
Companies
Taobao
Tencent
Yeepay
Tencent
Description
A transfer station (between sellers and buyers)
Buyers’ money goes directly to the sellers
Ways
Through computers or mobile phones
Mobile phones
The number of cooperative banks
Over 180
18
About 100
11
The number of
users
Over 0.52
billion
Over 0.2
billion
100,000
Over 0.8 billion
21．According to the form above, we know some information about ________.
A．payment ways B．online shopping C．the uses of Internet
22．When you buy something on Taobao, the money you pay first goes to ________.
A．the buyer’s bank directly
B．the seller’s mobile phone or his computer
C．a third account(账户) between sellers and buyers
23．Which of the following is NOT true according to the form above?
A．Yeepay was put into use earlier than the other three.
B．Alipay and WeChat pay do not have the same number of users.
C．It is the most convenient for you to use Tenpay because it has the most cooperative banks.


6
（2023·湖南湘西·统考三模）
24．When does the flight to Tokyo take off?
A．09:45 B．10:20 C．10:40
25．If you go to ROME, which gate should you choose?
A．A03 B．A08 C．D12


7
（2023·河北唐山·统考二模）Have you ever been in a class when all the students are kept in at lunchtime just because two or three students won’t stop talking? The teacher gets irate and suddenly everyone is in trouble instead of just the students who caused the problem. This is called “collective (集体的) punishment” and many students in Australia want it stopped in schools.
Some say that collective punishment teaches young people that their behavior has an effect on other people. As most of us want to be liked and “fit in” (顺应), all students then feel that they have to behave well.
Others say that this type of punishment causes students to feel angry with the students who are not behaving well. It destroys trust and good relationships between classmates.
But collective punishment can harm students who want to do the right thing. Teachers at my school say that some students become too disappointed to come to school. They are unhappy because their class gets class detention (课后留校) most days and is known as the “bad group”.
A parent at this same school believes that this type of punishment is useful because it helps teachers to know which students are not behaving well. She thinks that when a class knows they may be given a detention, the students who were doing the wrong thing will own up (承认).
Our school’s psychologist (心理学家), Miriam Koch, says that students who have learning difficulties and keep making trouble in classrooms often have poor social skills. Her opinion is that collective punishment can keep these students away from their classmates. She believes that it is best for teachers to use group rewards (奖励) and clear rules for students behavior to help develop teamwork.
26．What does the underlined word “irate” mean?
A．Silent. B．Angry. C．Lost. D．Worried.
27．In what way is collective punishment good?
A．It gets students to work harder. B．It brings students hearts closer.
C．It helps keep order in the classroom. D．It helps form good teacher-student relationships.
28．How can collective punishment harm students who want to do the right thing?
A．They feel unloved. B．They copy bad behavior.
C．They hate to go to school. D．They avoid seeing people
29．Why does the parent find collective punishment useful?
A．It helps teachers to find troublemakers.
B．It makes students tell on one another.
C．It allows students to know one another better.
D．It gets teachers to help badly-behaved students.
30．What does Miriam Koch think of troublemakers in a classroom?
A．They want to get rewards. B．They have good social skills.
C．They are not clear about rules. D．They may get worse after collective punishment.

参考答案：
1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了蜜蜂的分工，寻找食物的方式，以及蜂群可以产生电流的现象。
1．推理判断题。根据后文“Actually, the bee is hard at work；Bees spend a lot of time looking for food；Bees make dance-like movements inside the hive to send messages about food. ”可知，作者在后文回答了这两个问题，因此想用两个问题来引起读者的兴趣。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“Worker bees...hive. Besides looking for food, they make and clean the hive. They also take care of the queen and protect her.”可知，工蜂要寻找食物、筑巢、清理蜂巢、照顾和保护蜂后。因此a，b，c符合题意。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“They use different movements to give different kinds of information. ”可知，它们用不同的动作来分享各种信息，因此是用动作交流的。故选D。
4．词句猜测题。根据“ a group of bees could generate an amazing amount of electricity by beating their wings more than 200 times per second.”可知，蜜蜂可以通过拍打翅膀产生电量。因此generate表示“产生”。故选B。
5．推理判断题。根据“Scientists found that the denser(密集的) the cloud of bees is, the bigger the electrical field is. ”可知，蜂群越密集，电场强度越大，因此蜂群密集程度与电场强度是正比关系。故选A。
6．C 7．A 8．D 9．A 10．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些著名的世界足球杯的比赛专用球。
6．细节理解题。根据“The Tricolore was the first World Cup ball that has many colors.”可知，Tricolore是第一个有多种颜色的世界杯足球，故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据“Tango Espana (1982): It was the first ball with water-resistant qualities.”可知1982年的Tango Espana具有防水特性，故选A。
8．细节理解题。根据“Al Rihla is good for the environment because it used only water-based inks and glues”可知Al Rihla仅仅使用水性墨水和胶，有利于环境，属于环境友好型，故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据“Telstar (1970): It was the first ball to appear on live broadcast”可知Telstar是第一个出现在现场直播的球，故选A。
10．主旨大意题。根据“Let’s check out some famous World Cup balls”和全文可知文章介绍了几个世界出名的世界足球杯比赛专用足球，故选B。
11．B 12．C 13．A 14．C 15．D

【导语】本文主要介绍了可以帮助你进入美国高中的组织Nacel，以及该组织提供的三个项目。
11．细节理解题。根据“Nacel, a great organization,”可知，Nacel是一个组织。故选B。
12．推理判断题。根据“If you are 13-18 years old and want to improve your English by abroad, Nacel, a great organization, will help you enter high schools in the USA.”可推知，选项C“一个对美国文化感兴趣的德国女孩。”可能会参加这些项目。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据“Besides offering common subjects of other high school, this program offers STEM subjects，giving students the chance to develop skills and knowledge in the areas of science, technology, engineering, and math.”可知，国际学校项目的特别之处是提供STEM科目。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据“Live in an American family in the USA! The homestay program offers teenagers chances to experience the everyday life of a host family in the USA. Our wonderful hosts will help you to know the local community as soon as possible.”可知，该项目帮助学生了解美国人的日常生活。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了可以帮助你进入美国高中的组织Nacel，以及该组织提供的三个项目，因此本文是让学生们加入这些项目。故选D。
16．C 17．B 18．C 19．B 20．B

【导语】本文是三则志愿者招聘的广告。
16．细节理解题。根据“Volunteer work includes helping the poor, helping the families whose houses were destroyed by natural disasters or creating green areas for neighborhood families.”可知，志愿工作包括帮助穷人，帮助房屋被自然灾害摧毁的家庭，或为社区家庭创造绿色区域。故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据“Our summer holiday volunteer jobs are open to all Americans.”和“With Biosphere Expedition（生物圈探险）, you can be a wildlife and environmental volunteer for anywhere from two weeks to two months.”可知，生物圈探险很可能在暑期举行。故选B。
18．推理判断题。根据“We need students at the age of 16 and up who study at school and want give them chances to use their talents, skills and knowledge to help the little kids.”可知，我们需要16岁及以上的在校生，让他们有机会利用自己的才能、技能和知识来帮助孩子。故选C。
19．细节理解题。根据“Whatever service activity you choose, you have the right to make a difference and create a real change in the community!”可知，无论你选择什么服务活动，你都有权有所作为，在社区中创造真正的改变！说明志愿者可以选择社区中的任何服务活动。故选B。
20．最佳标题题。根据“Become a volunteer and help those who need your help in your community!”、“Our summer holiday volunteer jobs are open to any Americans.”和“We need students at the age of 16 and up who study at school and want give them chances to use their talents, skills and knowledge to help the little kids.”可知，本文主要讲了志愿者招聘的信息。选项B“招聘志愿者”作为标题最为合适。故选B。
21．A 22．C 23．C

【导语】本文主要对比了几种网上支付方式。
21．细节理解题。根据表格“Ways of Payment”可知，表格是有关支付方式的，故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据表格“A transfer station (between sellers and buyers)”可知，在淘宝上买东西你的钱先去中转站，故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据表格倒数第2行“The number of cooperative banks”可知，合作银行最多的应该是支付宝，C选项表达的是财付通，表述错误，故选C。
24．C 25．A

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。图片内容为航班信息。
24．细节理解题。根据图表第五行“10:40 TOKYO”可知，飞往东京的航班10点40出发。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据图表第二行“9:55 ROME A03”可知，飞往罗马的航班在A03登机口登机。故选A。
26．B 27．C 28．C 29．A 30．D

【导语】本文主要讨论了个别学生犯错应不应该对全体学生进行集体惩罚的问题。
26．词义猜测题。根据“The teacher gets irate and suddenly everyone is in trouble instead of just the students who caused the problem.”可知，老师“生气”了，以致全体同学都遭殃。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据第二段中“As most of us want to be liked and “fit in” (顺应), all students then feel that they have to behave well.”可知，集体惩罚有助于维持班级秩序。故选C。
28．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Teachers at my school say that some students become too disappointed to come to school.”可知，好学生因为对自己的集体感到失望会变得厌学。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A parent at this same school believes that this type of punishment is useful because it helps teachers to know which students are not behaving well.”可知，这位家长认为集体惩罚可以帮老师找出表现不好的学生。故选A。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Her opinion is that collective punishment can keep these students away from their classmates.”可知，集体惩罚会让这些总是惹麻烦的学生与其他同学的关系更加疏远，因此他们会变得更加糟糕。故选D。