2024届高考英语一轮复习-第一讲　定语从句课件

这是一份2024届高考英语一轮复习-第一讲　定语从句课件，共39页。PPT课件主要包含了that ，who ，whose，whichthat，where，when，why，which，that，where 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考点一　关系代词引导的定语从句1．that/which/wh/whmWang Meng, wh① is the same age as me, wrks in a factry which/that② lies in ur twn. Everything that③ he uses is very shabby. He ges t wrk every day by riding the bike (which/that)②thers dn't want t have. But he is a wrker (wh/whm/that)④everyne admires. In ur factry there are many wrkers wh/that① are like him.
注释：①关系词指人作主语，可以用that，wh引导。②关系词指物作主语或宾语，可以用that，which引导。③关系词指物，由形容词最高级或序数词修饰，或者是先行词是不定代词，或关系词既指人又指物时，只能用that。④关系词指人作宾语，可以用that，wh，whm 引导。
2.as/which/whseAs① we all knw/As①is knwn t all，Li Hua is a student whse②name is ften seen in English examinatins.But this year he didn't make us write cmpsitins fr him，which③made many students sad.Hw we miss the by fr whm④we have written many cmpsitins and we have prepared many situatins in which④he can't write articles himself.注释：①位于句首，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，用as引导定语从句。②在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系“……的”，用关系代词whse。③用于带逗号的非限制性定语从句中，作主语指物或前面整个句子时，只能用which而不用that。④当介词提到关系代词之前时，若先行词指物，则关系词只能用which；若先行词指人，则关系词只能用whm。
1．关系代词的基本用法
She is n lnger the girl (that) she was ten years ag.她已不再是10年前的她了。Mr Liu wants t talk t the students whse hmewrk hasn't been handed in.刘老师要跟那些没交家庭作业的学生谈话。He is a dctr，as was his wife befre she had children.他是一个医生，他妻子生孩子之前也是。
2．that和which的用法区别China Tday attracts a wrldwide readership，which shws that mre and mre peple all ver the wrld want t learn abut China.《今日中国》有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。
3．as和which的区别“Yu can't judge a bk by its cver，” as the ld saying ges.正如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相”。 [易错提醒]as用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必须有such，s或the same等修饰，且as在从句中作宾语时不能省略。
4．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句(1)“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which，whm，且不能省略。Sme experts think reading is the fundamental skill upn which schl educatin depends.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。September 30 is the day by which yu must pay yur bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
(2)“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋f＋which/whm”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。Scientists have advanced many theries why human beings cry tears，nne f which has been prved.科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。Many yung peple，mst f whm were well-educated，headed fr remte regins t chase their dreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。
(3)在非限制性定语从句中，whse修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋f which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋f whm”。The newly-built café，the walls f which (＝whse walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place fr us，especially after hard wrk.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
(4)“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定：①依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定I bught a great many bks，n which I spent all my mney that I saved.我买了很多书，这些书花光了我的所有积蓄。②依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定I'll never frget the time during which I spent my childhd in the cuntry.我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。③根据所表达的意思来确定The clurless gas withut which we cannt live is called xygen.离开它我们就不能生存的这种无色气体叫作氧气。
[点对点练习]　单句语法填空1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species _____live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.2．(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1，100-kilmeter jurney，the man Ca Shengkang，____lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident，crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvinces.3．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist _____ paintings were almst lifelike.4．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)The 80，000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane，fr example，frmed the cre cllectin f the British Museum __________ pened in 1759.
考点二　关系副词引导的定语从句Last Sunday, I fund a wallet where① I played basketball. I gave it t the schl's lst and fund ffice. A man fund me n Mnday mrning when② I arrived at schl. The reasns (which/that)③ he gave me fr my returning the wallet t him were s strange that I had t take him t the lst and fund ffice. That's the reasn why④ I was late fr the first class.
注释：①先行词表示地点，从句不缺主语或宾语，用关系副词where。②先行词表示时间，从句不缺主语或宾语，用关系副词when。③先行词虽然表示地点、时间或原因，但是从句缺主语或宾语，仍然用关系代词that/which。④先行词表示原因，从句不缺主语或宾语，用关系副词why。
1．关系副词的基本用法
We will put ff the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。Students shuld invlve themselves in cmmunity activities where they can gain experience fr grwth.学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。D yu knw the reasn why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? 你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？
2．关系副词与关系代词的选择从句不缺主语或宾语，是个完整的句子，可以是主谓宾或主系表结构，亦可以是主谓结构(主语＋vi.)。此时需要判断谓语动词是否及物。判断定语从句的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词的方法：把谓语动词与先行词连接起来，看它们是否能构成动宾关系，如果能直接构成动宾关系，则该谓语动词为及物动词，否则为不及物动词。(1)The factry ________ he nce wrked is clsed nw.wrk与factry不能直接构成动宾关系，只有后面加上介词in才能构成正确的表达形式，wrk in the factry。因此可推知wrk为不及物动词。因此此处应使用关系副词where作地点状语，也可使用in which (which代替先行词the factry)。
(2)The factry ________ he set up last year is perating well.该题中从句谓语动词可以和先行词构成动宾结构set up the factry，所以set up 是及物动词短语。其后缺宾语，因此此处用关系代词that或which。
3．当先行词为表示抽象地点的名词situatin，case，stage，pint，psitin等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，则用关系代词which/that。He's gt himself int a dangerus situatin where he is likely t lse cntrl ver the plane.他使自己身临险境——(在这种情况下)他很可能失去对飞机的控制。4．当the way 作先行词时，无论关系词作主语、宾语还是作状语，用that一定正确。I dn't like the way that/in which he speaks t me.(关系词作方式状语)They are lking fr a way that/which is the mst suitable fr the prblem.(关系词作主语)
[点对点练习]　单句语法填空1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Because the mn's bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe，China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt _____ it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.2．We have entered int an age ____ dreams have the best chance f cming true.3．In a culture _____ peple functin accrding t ritual，music is used t help gvern peple. 4．I really dn't knw the reasn ___ he refused t attend the party.
层级一　基础达标练单句语法填空1．(2022·河南南阳一模)The table，_____ has an even surface，is gd fr table tennis.2．(2022·广东清远期中)As Canada's first language is English，they have a natural way f accent，_____ sunds like a bird singing a nice sng.3．(2022·云南云县期中)Tday I will share a true stry abut an verseas student, ____studied in Germany. 4．(2022·阳信模拟)The first fruit is that it can cmfrt the heart，because the peace cmes frm having smene ___________ we share with ur jy，sadness，success and failure.
(whm/that)
5．(2022·东营三中三模)I live next dr t a cuple _____ children ften make a lt f nise.6．(2022·大同质量检测)The city was attacked by such terrible weather __ few citizens had ever experienced befre.7．(2022·敦煌中学冲刺卷)That's all ____ I knw abut the yung man living next dr.8．(2022·长沙模拟)I brrwed the bk Sherlck Hlmes frm the library last week，_____ my classmates recmmended t me.9．(2022·湖北荆门模拟)A science lecture 400 kilmeters abve Earth was delivered by Chinese astrnauts n China's Tiangng space statin，______they displayed unique physical phenmena in the rbiting spacecraft.
10．(2022·德宏傣族景颇族自治州模拟)We can als have a ntebk _____ we can first put smething dwn and then lk it up in ur dictinary whenever smething beats us.11．(2022·滕州模拟)She dreamed f the day ____ the manager f the supermarket wuld say t her with a smile，“Madam，this is yur lucky day. Everything in yur basket is free.”12．(2022·绵阳诊断)It's helpful t put children in a situatin _____ they can see themselves differently.13．(2022·景德镇模拟)We went thrugh a perid ____ cmmunicatins were very difficult in the rural areas.
14．(2022·兰州联考)He wrte many children's bks，nearly half f _____ were published in the 1990s.15．(2022·滕州模拟)Li Lei，fr ____ English was nce difficult，can speak English fluently as thugh he were a native speaker.
层级二　语篇提能练语法填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)There was a time 1.________ I was tired f learning English and disliked t speak English.And this was the reasn 2.________ my father frced me t jin in a 30-day training in an English club befre I went t senir high schl.When I first came t the club，3.________ I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much.S I packed up my things and wanted t g hme.Frtunately，my guide， 4.________ teacher was Yu Minhng，cmmunicated with me face t face.He，frm 5.________ I gained sme useful instructins，als shwed me a gd partner，and we gt alng well with each ther.Gradually I adapted t the life there.Every day I
wuld like t talk t ther teenagers and set dwn a series f activities 6.________ we did.I shuld be grateful t my father and the guide，7.________ encuraged me t fall in lve with English.Nw I feel it interesting t learn English，int 8.________ I put my entire energy.Every day I read my wrds and passages alud.In class I jin in English discussins.Befre I g t sleep，I recall the passages，thrugh 9.________ I can memrize a large number f new ur English teacher says，“As lng as yu frm the habit f learning English every day and have perseverance，yu will cnquer English sner r later.”【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者参加英语俱乐部的难忘经历。在那里作者遇到了一位好老师，那位老师使作者对英语学习产生了兴趣，同时作者还养成了学习英语的好习惯。
1．when　先行词是time，指时间，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，故填关系副词when。2. why　先行词是reasn，指原因，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，故填关系副词why。3．where　先行词是club，指地点，定语从句不缺主语或宾语，故填关系副词where。4．whse　先行词是guide，空格后面的teacher与其构成所属关系，故填whse。5．whm　此处为非限制性定语从句，结合句意及空格前的介词frm可知填whm。6．that/which　此处为限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词activities，并在定语从句中作宾语，故用that/which。7．wh　此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词my father and the guide，指人，并在定语从句中作主语，故用wh。
8．which　此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代“学习英语”这件事，并在定语从句中作宾语，故用which。9．which　此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的句子“I recall the passages”，故用which。10．As　此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代后面的句子“As lng as yu frm the habit f learning English every day and have perseverance，yu will cnquer English sner r later.”并位于句首，意为“正如”，故用As。
层级三　语法写作练不同语境中定语从句的使用1．投稿信典例　(2022·全国甲卷)为我们提供丰富资源和粮食的海洋对全球气候发展也至关重要。Oceans which prvide abundant resurces and fd fr us are als crucial fr the glbal climate develpment.运用　(2022·全国乙卷)从图表中我们可以得到的数字表明，随着现代技术的发展，在课堂之外学习英语的方法有多种多样。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The figures which we can get frm the chart suggest that there are a variety f ways t learn English beynd the classrm with the develpment f mdern technlgy.
2．申请信(1)典例　(经典高考题)我自五岁学习中国画，因此我很了解这门艺术，这使得我能够很好地介绍画展。I have taken up Chinese painting since I was five years ld and I have a gd knwledge f it，which makes it pssible fr me t intrduce the exhibitin well.运用　(经典高考题)我英语很熟练，这使得我与外国人自由交谈成为可能。______________________________________________________________________________________________________
I have a gd cmmand f English，which makes it pssible fr me t cmmunicate with freigners freely.
3．申请信(2)典例　(经典高考题)我写信是想申请你们昨天在报纸上刊登的志愿者工作。I'm writing t apply t wrk as a vlunteer that yu advertised in yesterday's newspaper.运用　(经典高考题)我写信申请我们学校英语协会所提供的职位。__________________________________________________________________________
I'm writing t apply fr the psitin that/which the English Assciatin f ur schl ffers.
4．通知(1)典例　(经典高考题)Grwing Tgether这部电影主要讲述我们学校的发展，将于6月17日下午2：00到4：00在学校大厅放映。The mvie Grwing Tgether，which is abut the develpment f ur schl，will be shwn in the schl hall frm 2：00 t 4：00 in the afternn n June 17th.运用　(经典高考题)这场音乐会，其中包括由才华横溢的学生们表演的各种精彩节目，将于下周日上午在我校大厅举行。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The cncert，which includes varius fantastic perfrmances played by talented students，will be held in the schl hall next Sunday mrning.
5．通知(2)典例　(经典高考题)任何想要观看电影的同学要在下午两点之前到达。Thse wh want t watch the mvie are required t arrive befre tw in the afternn.运用　(经典高考题)任何想参加该活动的同学，可以通过lihua@123.cm与李华联系。__________________________________________________________________________
Anyne wh wants t take part in this activity can email Li Hua at lihua @123.cm.
6．感谢信典例　(经典高考题)我感谢你为了提高我的英语所做的一切。I am grateful t yu fr everything that yu did fr me t imprve my English.运用　(经典高考题)我写信是为了感谢我在英国时，你为我所做的一切。如果不是你的关心，我在那里就不会过得这么愉快了。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I'm writing t cnvey my gratitude fr everything that yu did fr me when I was in England. If it hadn't been yur care，I wuldn't have enjyed my stay there s much.
7．推荐信典例　(经典高考题)我建议你申请北京大学，它是中国最好的大学之一。I suggest that the university yu apply fr is Peking University，which is ne f the best universities in China.运用　(经典高考题)无论你是中国艺术爱好者，还是想了解更多内容的人，来欣赏这次艺术展吧。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Whether yu are a fan f Chinese art r smene wh wants t knw mre abut it，cme and enjy the art exhibitin.
8．建议信典例　(经典高考题)以下是一些关于学习汉语的建议，希望能对你有帮助。Here are sme tips abut hw t learn Chinese，which I hpe will be f help t yu.运用　(经典高考题)你提到你有两门选修课，以下是一些建议，希望能对你有好处。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yu have mentined that yu have tw ptinal curses. Here are sme suggestins，which I hpe will be beneficial t yu.
9．邀请信典例　(经典高考题)我写信邀请你参加我组织的徒步旅行，我们的一些同学将参加。I'm writing t invite yu t participate in a hiking rganized by me，which sme f ur classmates will take part in.运用　(经典高考题)我写信邀请你参加下周六在我们学校举办的音乐节。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I'm writing t invite yu t take part in the music festival which/that will be held in ur schl next Saturday.