十年(14-23)高考英语真题分项汇编专题 33 其它题型（任务型阅读+写作概要+阅读表达）（含解析）

这是一份十年(14-23)高考英语真题分项汇编专题 33 其它题型（任务型阅读+写作概要+阅读表达）（含解析），共92页。

2023年
【2023年北京卷】阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Habit frmatin is the prcess by which behaviurs becme autmatic. Peple develp cuntless habits as they explre the wrld, whether they are aware f them r nt. Understanding hw habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.
Habits are built thrugh learning and repetitin. A persn is thught t develp a habit in the curse f pursuing gals by beginning t assciate certain cues(刺激) with behaviural respnses that help meet the gal. Over time, thughts f the behaviur and ultimately the behaviur itself are likely t be triggered(触发) by these cues.
A “habit lp(环)” is a way f describing several related elements that prduce habits. These elements are called the cue, the rutine, and the reward. Fr example, stress culd serve as a cue that ne respnds t by eating, which prduces the reward﹣the reductin f stress. While a rutine invlves repeated behaviur, it’s nt necessarily perfrmed in respnse t a deep﹣rted urge, as a habit is.
Old habits can be difficult t shake, and healthy habits are ften harder t develp. But thrugh repetitin, it’s pssible t frm new habits. The amunt f time needed t build a habit will depend n multiple factrs, including the individual and the intended behaviur. While yu are able t pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many mnths t build a healthy habit. Take sme time t think abut what leads t bad habits and re﹣evaluate what yu get ut f them (r dn’t). Cnsider and keep in mind why yu want t make a change, including hw the change reflects yur values.
40. Hw are habits built?
________________________________________________________________
41. In what way is a rutine different frm a habit?
________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shrter time.
________________________________________________________________
43. What benefit(s) have yu gt frm ne f yur gd habits?(In abut 40 wrds)
________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Habits are built thrugh learning and repetitin.
41. A rutine invlves repeated behaviur while a habit is a deep﹣rted urge.
42. Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shrter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many mnths.
43. I have a gd habit f ging t bed early and getting up early. Therefre, I can study energetically every mrning, which makes me study efficiently. Als, I am very healthy.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。习惯的形成是行为自动形成的过程。人们在探索世界的过程中养成了无数的习惯，不管他们是否意识到这些习惯。文章主要说明了习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Habits are built thrugh learning and repetitin.(习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的)”可知，习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的。故填Habits are built thrugh learning and repetitin.。
41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“While a rutine invlves repeated behaviur, it’s nt necessarily perfrmed in respnse t a deep﹣rted urge, as a habit is.(虽然一个常规包括重复的行为，但它不一定是为了应对深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，就像习惯一样)”可知，常规不同于习惯在于：常规是重复的行为，而习惯是深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，故填A rutine invlves repeated behaviur while a habit is a deep﹣rted urge.。
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“While yu are able t pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many mnths t build a healthy habit.(虽然你可以在几周内养成一个新的习惯，但是要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间)”可知，养成一个新的习惯需要好几周，而要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间。所以句子“Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shrter time.”中“a shrter time”错误，应该为many mnths，故填Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shrter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many mnths.。
【43题详解】
开放试题，言之有理即可。题干问“你的一个好习惯给你带来了什么好处？（大约40个字）”，答案可以是：我有早睡早起的好习惯。因此，我可以每天早上精力充沛地学习，这使我学习效率高。而且，我很健康。故填I have a gd habit f ging t bed early and getting up early. Therefre, I can study energetically every mrning, which makes me study efficiently. Als, I am very healthy.。
2022年
Writing 1
【2022年天津卷第二次】It was a dark and strmy night. The fercius wind shk the windws wildly, as thugh smene utside were beating n the glass. It was als New Year’s Eve. We were having ur annual party and had a huse full f peple just starting t celebrate.
Suddenly, we heard lud explsins. Lking utside and up int the hills, we saw sparks(火花) flying frm electrical transfrmers(变压器). One area after anther went dark up in thse hills. Then there was the ludest explsin f them all and ur huse went dark t. I tried t find every candle we had and lit them. The candles made everything lk lvely. But we had prblems. We had fifteen peple standing arund and we still had t ck dinner. Hw wuld we d that withut electricity?
The barbecue! Why nt ck n the barbecue? We men went utside, sme hlding flashlights and thers cking. We did a wnderful jb. The wmen stayed inside and gt the salads ready. Everything was delicius. There were still a few hurs t g befre the beginning f the new year, s we all sat arund the dining rm table and sang up until a few minutes befre midnight. We culdn’t watch the ball drp in Times Square n televisin but that wuldn’t stp us frm celebrating. I std n a chair and, with the help f smene’s watch t tell us the time, we all cunted dwn and I drpped a tennis ball! We all screamed Happy New Year. We didn’t need electricity fr that!
Nwadays, we still get tgether with the same grup t celebrate the New Year and we still talk abut that special night. I dn’t think we have ever laughed s much as we did n that New Year’s Eve.
56. What des the underlined wrd mean in Paragraph 1? (1 wrd)
____________________________________________________________
57. What made dinner preparatin difficult accrding t Paragraph 2? (n mre than 6 wrds)
____________________________________________________________
58. Hw did the peple celebrate n New Year’s Eve accrding t the passage? (n mre than 10 wrds)
____________________________________________________________
59. Hw des the authr feel abut that particular New Year’s Eve? (n mre than 8 wrds)
____________________________________________________________
60. What d yu think is the mst necessary quality when dealing with an unexpected difficult situatin? Please explain why. (n mre than 25wrds)
____________________________________________________________
【答案】56. Fierce./ Strng./ Vilent.
57. N electricity./ The pwer failure./ There was n electricity./ Electricity was gne.
58. They cked n the barbecue, sang, and cunted dwn./ By cking n the barbecue, singing, and cunting dwn.
59. It was the mst exciting ne./ It was a night filled with laughter./ It was special./ Exciting./ Pleasant./ Unfrgettable./ Jyful./ Different./ Memrable./ Unique.
60. It is curage, fr it gives us strength, which enables us t deal with difficulties.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了作者经历过的一个突发事故，新年夜变压器爆炸，十五个朋友面面相觑，没有电还需要做年夜饭，但作者和朋友一起努力，度过了一个美好的新年夜。
【56题详解】
考查词义猜测。根据文章第一段“The fercius wind shk the windws wildly, as thugh smene utside were beating n the glass.(狂风猛烈地摇动着窗户，好像外面有人在敲打着玻璃。)”，结合常识可知，风肯定很大才会像窗外有人敲打着玻璃；形容风特别大可以用形容词fierce“猛的”、strng“强的”或vilent“暴力的”。故答案为Fierce./ Strng./ Vilent。
【57题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“We had fifteen peple standing arund and we still had t ck dinner. Hw wuld we d that withut electricity?(我们有15个人站着，我们还得做晚饭。没有电，我们要怎么办呢？)” 可知当时有15个人共同准备迎接新年，如何在断电的情况下准备这么多人的晚餐，变得很困难。故答案为N electricity./ The pwer failure./ There was n electricity./ Electricity was gne.。
【58题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Why nt ck n the barbecue?(为什么不在烧烤架上做呢)”、“s we all sat arund the dining rm table and sang up until a few minutes befre midnight.(所以我们都坐在餐厅的桌子旁，一直唱到午夜前几分钟。)”和“we all cunted dwn and I drpped a tennis ball!(我们都开始倒数，然后我掉了一个网球！)” 可知，大家在烧烤架上做了饭、唱了歌，也做了新年倒数。故答案为They cked n the barbecue, sang, and cunted dwn./ By cking n the barbecue, singing, and cunting dwn.。
【59题详解】
考查推理判断。根据文章第四段“Nwadays, we still get tgether with the same grup t celebrate the New Year and we still talk abut that special night. I dn’t think we have ever laughed s much as we did n that New Year’s Eve. (现在，我们仍然聚在一起庆祝新年，我们仍然谈论那个特别的夜晚。我想我们从来没有像那个新年前夜那样笑得那么开心过。)”可知，作者认为那一夜是特别的，是充满欢笑的。故答案为It was the mst exciting ne./ It was a night filled with laughter./ It was special./ Exciting./ Pleasant./ Unfrgettable./ Jyful./ Different./ Memrable./ Unique.。
【60题详解】
考查推理判断。本题要求考生基于对篇章整体内容理解，对青年人面对突发事件应如何面对给出自己的想法，为开放性试题。故参考答案为：It is curage, fr it gives us strength, which enables us t deal with difficulties.
Writing 2
【2022年北京卷】Tm, a 15-year-ld inventr and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his wn schl the widespread cnsumptin f sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had t be a better prtable drink slutin and decided t innvate frm smething he saw in his wn hme: fruit infused (浸泡) water.
Tm watched his mum make healthy fruit infusins but then struggle fr a take-alng ptin. Frm bserving his mum and frm his desire t give kids better drink ptins, he came up with his riginal mdel fr the Fun Bttle. “I wanted t cme up with a healthy, natural way fr peple t drink when n the g. A big part f my missin is t get peple f all ages ff sugary drinks,” Tm explains.
The bttle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allws the great tastes and natural sugars f the varius fruits and vegetables yu chse t cme thrugh the water, withut any f the seeds r skins flwing thrugh.
Tm is prud f his design and excited t be selling the Fun Bttle n his website and in stres, but this 15-year-ld is mst prud f the pprtunities that Fun Bttle presents t thers. It helps t prvide healthy alternatives t sugary drinks; and als Tm dnates part f the prfits t the Organisatin fr a Healthier Generatin (OHG).
Tm has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innvatr remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give ther entrepreneurial yuth, he says, “Prepare and have yur family’s supprt. It is imprtant t knw frm the beginning that there are a lt f highs and lws, and there is n such thing as vernight success.”
40. What did Tm witness at his wn schl?
41. Where did Tm get the idea fr the riginal mdel fr the Fun Bttle?
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement then underline it and explain why.
Tm is mst prud f the pprtunities that Fun Bttle presents t thers because he nt nly prvides healthy alternatives t sugary drinks but als dnates all the prfits t the OHG.
43. Amng Tm’s qualities, which ne(s) d yu think will be imprtant fr us? Why?(In abut 40 wrds)
【答案】
40. Tm witnessed the widespread cnsumptin f sugary drinks by kids at his wn schl.
41. Tm gt the idea frm bserving his mum make healthy fruit infusins but then struggle fr a take-alng ptin.
42. Tm is mst prud f the pprtunities that Fun Bttle presents t thers because he nt nly prvides healthy alternatives t sugary drinks but als dnates all the prfits t the OHG.
Tm dnates part f the prfits t the OHG.
43. I think the quality f perspicacity will be imprtant, because this insight can help us cnstantly find ur wn shrtcmings in ur lives, which in turn can help us imprve urselves.(31)
【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述15岁的汤姆看到自己学校的学生喝含糖的饮料，随后发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。
【40.【解析】
考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“Tm, a 15-year-ld inventr and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his wn schl the widespread cnsumptin f sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们大量消费含糖饮料）可知，作为15岁的发明家和创业者，汤姆在学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料。故答案为Tm witnessed the widespread cnsumptin f sugary drinks by kids at his wn schl.
【41.【解析】
考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句中“Tm watched his mum make healthy fruit infusins ”（汤姆看着他的妈妈制作健康的水果饮料）第二句“ Frm bserving his mum and frm his desire t give kids better drink ptins, he came up with his riginal mdel fr the Fun Bttle. ”（从观察他的母亲和他要给孩子们更好的饮料选择的愿望，他想出了他的原始模型的Fun Bttle）可知，汤姆在观察母亲制作水果饮料的过程中得到启发，才有了Fun Bttle的原始模型。故答案为Tm gt the idea frm bserving his mum make healthy fruit infusins but then struggle fr a take-alng ptin.
【42.【解析】
考查细节理解。根据第四段中“but this 15-year-ld is mst prud f the pprtunities that Fun Bttle presents t thers. It helps t prvide healthy alternatives t sugary drinks; and als Tm dnates part f the prfits t the Organisatin fr a Healthier Generatin (OHG).”（但是这个15岁的孩子最感到自豪的是Fun Bttle带给其他人的机会。它有助于对含糖饮料提供健康的替代品。而且汤姆还捐赠了部分利润为一个名为OHG的组织）可知，汤姆把自己产品的部分利润，并非全部利润，捐给了OHG。所以错误在于“all the prfits”，应修改为“part f the prfits”，故答案为Tm is mst prud f the pprtunities that Fun Bttle presents t thers because he nt nly prvides healthy alternatives t sugary drinks but als dnates all the prfits t the OHG. Tm dnates part f the prfits t the OHG.
【43.【解析】
开放题，言之有理即可。根据第一段第一句“Tm, a 15-year-ld inventr and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his wn schl the widespread cnsumptin f sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料）第二段中““I wanted t cme up with a healthy, natural way fr peple t drink when n the g. A big part f my missin is t get peple f all ages ff sugary drinks,” Tm explains.”（“我想出一种健康、自然的方式，让人们在旅途中喝。我的一大任务就是让所有年龄段的人都不再喝含糖饮料,”汤姆解释说）可知，汤姆在看到学生喝含糖的饮料时，他想到要发明出一种适合所有年龄段都能喝的不含糖的饮料，可推知，汤姆是一个很有聪颖的，有洞察力的人。这种洞察力在我们的生活中可以帮助我们不断发现自己的不足，进而帮助我们提升自己。故答案为：I think the quality f perspicacity is imprtant, because this insight can help us cnstantly find ur wn shrtcmings in ur lives, which in turn can help us imprve urselves.(31)
2021年
Writing 1
【2021年北京卷】Recent research suggests that if an argument gets reslved，the emtinal respnse tied t it is significantly reduced r almst cmpletely erased．Thus，it may be wrth bringing up issues with yur friends， family members，r classmates rather than hlding them back．
There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that yu and yur ppnent present yur cncerns and discuss the feelings and issues related t thse cncerns．Yu can engage in an argument respectfully withut stirring up（激起） anger．Fighting，hwever，usually invlves persnal attacks，raising f vices， and strming ut．Discussing yur issues and reslving them instead f stuffing them dwn can imprve yur emtinal health．In a study，2.000 peple were asked t recrd their feelings and experiences fr eight days in a rw．When peple had an argument that they cnsidered reslved， they had half the reactivity （情绪反应） f thse wh avided an argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emtins r a decrease in psitive emtins．In ther wrds，reslving an argument cuts yur negative feelings by half．One day later， peple wh had a reslved argument reprted n increase f negative emtins cmpared with thse wh avided an argument． This means that reslving an argument can feel like yu have reached a state f reslutin——and yu are less likely t be annyed．
Mrever，the lder yu are，the mre likely yu will cme t a reslutin after an argument．This may be because mre life experience usually leads t mre defined pririties．Yu are mre likely t distinguish between what matters and what des nt．
It is easier t avid a discussin，but risking talking abut it may eventually lead t a better utcme．
40. Accrding t this passage，what is arguing？
41. Why is it that“the lder yu are， the mre likely yu will cme t a reslutin after an argument”？
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement，then underline it and explain why．
Reslving arguments can imprve yur emtinal health，because it increases yur reactivity and reduces the chance f yu getting angry．
43. In additin t imprving emtinal health，what d yu think are sme ther benefits f reslving an argument？ （In abut 40 wrds）
【答案】40. Arguing is discussing yur wrries，related feelings and prblems with the ther party．
41. It is because mre life experience may help peple better identify pririties in life．
42. Reslving arguments can imprve yur emtinal health，because it increases yur reactivity and reduces the chance f yu getting angry．Reslving arguments helps t decrease yur reactivity．
43. Reslving arguments can als imprve peple's lgical thinking and resilience, and imprve their relatinship with each ther.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除。因此，向你的朋友、家人或同学提出问题可能是值得的，而不是阻止他们。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Arguing is that yu and yur ppnent present yur cncerns and discuss the feelings and issues related t thse cncerns．”（争论是你和你的对手提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。）可知，争论是提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。故答案为Arguing is discussing yur wrries，related feelings and prblems with the ther party．
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“Mrever，the lder yu are，the mre likely yu will cme t a reslutin after an argument．This may be because mre life experience usually leads t mre defined pririties．Yu are mre likely t distinguish between what matters and what des nt．”（而且，年纪越大，越有可能在争吵后找到解决办法。这可能是因为更多的生活经历通常会导致更明确的优先事项。你更有可能区分什么是重要的，什么是不重要的。）可知，更多的生活经验可以帮助人们更好地确定生活中的优先事项。故答案填It is because mre life experience may help peple better identify pririties in life．
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“Recent research suggests that if an argument gets reslved，the emtinal respnse tied t it is significantly reduced r almst cmpletely erased．”（如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎）可知，解决争吵可以改善你的情绪健康，因为它增加你的反应，减少你生气的机会。解决争论有助于降低你的反应性，而不是增加你的反应力。故答案为Reslving arguments can imprve yur emtinal health，because it increases yur reactivity and reduces the chance f yu getting angry．Reslving arguments helps t decrease yur reactivity．
【43题详解】
考查开放思维。解决争吵也可以提高人们的逻辑思维能力和应变能力，使得相互之间的关系得到升华。故可能答案版本一为Reslving arguments can als imprve peple's lgical thinking and resilience, and imprve their relatinship with each ther.
Writing 2
【2021年天津卷第一次】I’ve always been creative since I was a little girl. My childhd was filled with arts, crafts (手工) and music, and every day was an exciting adventure f creatin.
Smewhere alng the way, hwever, I lst tuch with my creative self. At 21, I landed a jb at a big insurance cmpany ut f my business degree. I wuld g t the ffice, sit at my desk and repeat the same wrk five days a week 9 t 5. The days were lng and tedius. Wrking this way fr ne year was painful enugh, let alne a lifetime. Befre lng I decided t make a change.
One thing I had develped an interest in was sewing, s I tk a sewing curse at a cmmunity cllege. It was nly a five-week curse but it awakened my interest and gt my cnfidence up.
As I dreamt bigger, I began lking int cllege curses fr Fashin Design and three mnths later I signed up fr a part-time design curse. I attended classes tw nights a week. Althugh exhausting, it gave me energy, enthusiasm and happiness.
As it became clearer that fashin was what I wanted t d full time, the reality f my day-t-day wrk at the insurance cmpany became harder. I felt bred. N energy, n mtivatin and zer fulfilment (满足感).
I knew I needed t make a bigger change. After struggling fr quite a while, I made a difficult decisin—leaving my jb and studying my design curse full time. Tw years later I gt my diplma.
The last few years have been exciting because I’ve been fllwing my heart t d what I lve. Tday I am living a creative life as the designer f my wn fashin brand.
Smetimes it’s hard t make a change, but I’m s glad I set the wheels f change in mtin with that very small first step because it has led me t where I am tday.
56．What was the authr interested in when she was a little girl? (n mre than 10 wrds)
57．What des the underlined wrd in Paragraph 2 mean? (1 wrd)
58．Hw did the authr feel when she was taking the part-time design curse? (n mre than 10 wrds)
59．What did the authr d t get back t her creative life? Give tw f the facts. (n mre than 15 wrds)
60．D yu cnsider the authr as yur rle mdel? Please explain. (n mre than 20 wrds)
【答案】
56．She was interested in arts, crafts and music.
Or: She was interested in creative things.
57．Bring./Dull./Uninteresting.
58．She felt/was energetic, enthusiastic and happy.
Or: She was filled with energy, enthusiasm and happiness.
59．She quit/quitted her jb and tk the fashin-design curse.
Or: She attended a sewing class and tk a part-time design curse.
60．Yes, (I d). She has the curage t fllw her heart and d what she really likes.
Or: Yes, (I d). I’d like t live a creative life and make changes when necessary as she. Or: N, (I dn’t). I dn’t like changes and I want t live a secure life.
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者坚持做自己真正喜欢做的事情，最后取得了成功。
56．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段内容“I’ve always been creative since I was a little girl. My childhd was filled with arts, crafts (手工) and music, and every day was an exciting adventure f creatin.（从我还是一个小女孩的时候起，我就很有创造力。我的童年充满了艺术、手工艺和音乐，每一天都是令人兴奋的创作冒险。）”可知，从作者还是一个小女孩的时候起，她就对有创意的东西感兴趣，对艺术、手工艺和音乐感兴趣。故答案为She was interested in arts, crafts and music./ She was interested in creative things.
57．考查词义猜测。根据画线单词所在句后句“Wrking this way fr ne year was painful enugh, let alne a lifetime. Befre lng I decided t make a change.（这样工作一年已经够痛苦的了，更别说一辈子了。不久我决定做出改变。）”可知，作者现在的工作让她感到痛苦，她并不喜欢这份工作。再根据第五段内容“As it became clearer that fashin was what I wanted t d full time, the reality f my day-t-day wrk at the insurance cmpany became harder. I felt bred. N energy, n mtivatin and zer fulfilment (满足感). （当我越来越清楚地意识到时尚是我全职想要做的事情时，我在保险公司的日常工作变得更加困难。我觉得无聊。没有活力，没有动力，没有满足感。）”可知，作者真正喜欢的是和时尚相关的工作，保险公司的工作让她感觉无聊。由此可知，画线单词所在句表示的是，在保险公司工作的日子漫长而乏味。故答案为Bring./Dull./Uninteresting.
58．考查细节理解。根据文章第四段内容“As I dreamt bigger, I began lking int cllege curses fr Fashin Design and three mnths later I signed up fr a part-time design curse. I attended classes tw nights a week. Althugh exhausting, it gave me energy, enthusiasm and happiness.（当我的梦想更大的时候，我开始研究时装设计的大学课程，三个月后我报名参加了一个兼职设计课程。我每周上两晚课。虽然很累，但它给了我活力、热情和快乐。）”可知，在参加了兼职设计课程后，作者感觉充满了活力、热情和快乐。故答案为She felt/was energetic, enthusiastic and happy./ She was filled with energy, enthusiasm and happiness.
59．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段关键句“One thing I had develped an interest in was sewing, s I tk a sewing curse at a cmmunity cllege.（我对缝纫产生了兴趣，所以我在一所社区大学上了缝纫课。）”，第四段关键句“As I dreamt bigger, I began lking int cllege curses fr Fashin Design and three mnths later I signed up fr a part-time design curse.（当我的梦想更大的时候，我开始研究时装设计的大学课程，三个月后我报名参加了一个兼职设计课程。）”和倒数第三段内容“I knew I needed t make a bigger change. After struggling fr quite a while, I made a difficult decisin—leaving my jb and studying my design curse full time. Tw years later I gt my diplma.（我知道我需要做出更大的改变。经过一段时间的挣扎，我做出了一个艰难的决定，离开我的工作，并全职学习我的设计课程。两年后我拿到了毕业证书。）”可知，作者为了恢复她有创造力的生活，她参加了一个缝纫班，并参加了一个兼职设计课程，辞去了工作，去上时装设计课，根据题目要求，从中选出两点事实即可，不超过15个词。故答案为She quit/quitted her jb and tk the fashin-design curse./ She attended a sewing class and tk a part-time design curse.
60．开放题。题目询问“你认为作者是你的榜样吗？请解释一下原因。”本题为开放性试题，根据自己的理解，言之有理，符合文章内容即可，不超过20个词，如果答案是肯定的，原因可以是“She has the curage t fllw her heart and d what she really likes.（她有勇气追随自己的心，做自己真正喜欢的事。）”；如果答案是否定的，原因可以是“I dn’t like changes and I want t live a secure life.（我不喜欢变化，我想过安全的生活。）”。故答案为Yes, (I d). She has the curage t fllw her heart and d what she really likes./ Yes, (I d). I’d like t live a creative life and make changes when necessary as she./ N, (I dn’t). I dn’t like changes and I want t live a secure life.
Writing 3
【2021年天津卷第二次】Mst f us assciate learning with yunger peple—kids in schl and cllege r recent graduates early in their careers. But at Udemy, an pen university ffering nline curses, Artist Anneke Camstra is engaged in the pursuit f lifelng learning and displays her ptential fbr teaching. She lves the experience f gaining new knwledge and als lves sharing it with thers. “I’m retired, but an artist never retires,” Anneke said. “The last few years n the internet have been a great jy fr me. I’ve taken s many Udemy curses, and ifs such a great feeling t get my brain wrking again. I find just as much satisfactin in teaching animatin(动画制作)t.”
She reaches cuntless peple with her nline curses and expses them t what they can accmplish n their wn using animatin sftware, such as GAnimate and PwTn. Her mtivatin fbr teaching n Udemy is “t get the tls t the peple.”“Yu can g such a lng way t make things that lk prfessinal but still have yur wn vice,” she explained.
Mst f Anneke’s students start ut thinking they’re nt creative and can’t draw. Anneke understands hw fear can get in the way f s many things peple dream f ding. With her five-day challenge curses, she helps them get ver the fear. Anneke lves the impact she has n her students. What makes her mre prud f them is that they have gne frm their first animatin t creating their wn wrks.
She encurages peple f all ages, especially lder peple, t cultivate their curisity fr life. Grandparents, fr example, can learn t use GAnimate and make animatins tgether with their grandkids.
“Tm an lder wman, teaching and having fun learning again,” Anneke said, and she wants thers later in their lives t catch up with her n this jurney.
56. What des Anneke enjy ding after her retirement? (n mre than 10 wrds)
57. Accrding t Para. 2, what des Anneke expect her students t d with animatin sftware? (n mre than 10 wrds)
58. What is the main idea f Para. 3? (n mre than 15 wrds)
59. Please explain the meaning f the underlined wrd in Para. 4(1 wrd)
60. What d yu suggest ld peple learn t d? Please give yur reasn(s). (n mre than 20 wrds)
【答案】56. Gaining new knwledge and sharing it with thers.
Or: Taking Udemy curses and teaching animatin.
57. T make prfessinal prducts and express themselves.
Or: T accmplish/cmplete prfessinal and unique wrks.
Or: T achieve their gals/what they dream f.
58. Anneke helps her students get ver the fear and create their wn animatin wrks.
59. Develp.
60. T learn t use scial media, because it allws them t get t knw the utside wrld better.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了退休艺术家Anneke Camstra，人老心不老，积极对待生活，在线上从事动画教学的故事。
【56题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“She lves the experience f gaining new knwledge and als lves sharing it with thers. (她喜欢获得新知识的经历，也喜欢与他人分享。)”以及她所说的话“I’ve taken s many Udemy curses, and ifs such a great feeling t get my brain wrking again. I find just as much satisfactin in teaching animatin t. (我上了很多Udemy的课程，能让我的大脑重新工作真是太棒了。我在动画教学中也发现了同样的满足感。)”可知，Anneke退休后获得新的知识并与人分享，她参加Udemy课程并教授动画。故答案为Gaining new knwledge and sharing it with thers. Or: Taking Udemy curses and teaching animatin.
【57题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第二段中“Her mtivatin fbr teaching n Udemy is ‘t get the tls t the peple.’‘Yu can g such a lng way t make things that lk prfessinal but still have yur wn vice,’ she explained.(她教Udemy的动机是‘把工具带给人们’。她解释说：‘你可以走很长一段路，让事情看起来很专业，但仍然有自己的声音。’)”可以推知，她希望学生制作动画有专业性，同时要表达自己的思想，有自己的特色，实现自己的梦想。故答案为T make prfessinal prducts and express themselves. Or: T accmplish/cmplete prfessinal and unique wrks. Or: T achieve their gals/what they dream f.
【58题详解】
考查主旨大意。根据第三段中“Anneke understands hw fear can get in the way f s many things peple dream f ding. With her five-day challenge curses, she helps them get ver the fear. Anneke lves the impact she has n her students. What makes her mre prud f them is that they have gne frm their first animatin t creating their wn wrks.
(Anneke知道恐惧是如何阻碍人们梦想的事情。通过为期五天的挑战课程，她帮助他们克服恐惧。Anneke喜欢她对学生的影响。更让她感到自豪的是，他们已经从第一部动画发展到创作自己的作品。)”可知，第3段的主旨是Anneke帮助学生克服克服恐惧并创造他们自己的动画作品。故答案为Anneke helps her students get ver the fear and create their wn animatin wrks.
【59题详解】
考查词句猜测。划线词句后文“Grandparents, fr example, can learn t use GAnimate and make animatins tgether with their grandkids. (例如，祖父母可以学习使用GAnimate和他们的孙辈们一起制作动画。)”举例说明了Anneke主张让老年人和孙辈们一起制作动画，再根据划线词语“She encurages peple f all ages, especially lder peple, t cultivate their curisity fr life. (她鼓励所有年龄段的人，尤其是老年人，cultivate他们对生活的好奇心。)”可知，Anneke鼓励老年人，培养发展他们的好奇心。从而推知划线词语cultivate应为“培养；发展”的意思。故答案为Develp.
【60题详解】
考查读后表达。通读全文，以Anneke Camstra 的榜样，我建议应该让老年人学习使用社交媒体，因为它使老年人能更好的了解外面的世界。故答案为T learn t use scial media, because it allws them t get t knw the utside wrld better.
2020年
Writing 1
【2020年天津卷第一次】I remember the day shyness tk ver my life. I was 14 and having a French lessn The teacher tld us t recrd urselves speaking abut a hliday. Perfect！ I recrded myself with cnfidence. Then, I pressed "play" t listen back. All I heard was a little kid talking. My immediate reactin was t assume I was listening t smene else's recrding. But that was my vice. I realised there was smething strange abut me.
My little vice has made me feel really shy. And my shyness has caused me t avid attending events, nt make imprtant cnnectins, and keep my ideas t myself. As a shy persn, wrking frm hme, hiding behind my cmputer was brilliant. But the mre time I spent hidden away, the mre my cmfrt zne shrank（缩小）. Everyday interactins, like rdering a cffee, became increasingly awkward and uncmfrtable.
And then, ne day I was at a big cnference and it suddenly hit me like lightning. Al speakers were cnfident, cmfrtable with being seen. There were n quieter vices. But the truble is, if the lud vices are the nly nes yu hear, we quiet peple feel even mre alienated（疏远的）。 The wrld needs a mixture f persnalities. Success is nt just abut wh can shut the ludest. The wrld needs quieter peple, t. That day I chse t stp hiding and embrace my shyness. N mre feeling like I needed t change wh I am in rder t succeed. N mre living a small life.
Then I created the Shy and Mighty Sciety, a space fr shy peple like me t shine, and in the prcess f helping thers, I culd als push myself frward, bit by bit. Nw, I'm happy t tell peple I feel shy. I'm nt ashamed any mre. And I knw that I’m nt alne.
56. Why did the authr feel strange abut herself after listening t the recrding? （n mre than 10 wrds）
57. What is the main idea f Para.2? （n mre than 10 wrds
58. What des the underlined wrd in Para.3 mean? （1 wrd）
59. Why did the authr create the Shy and Mighty Sciety? （n mre than 10 wrds）
60. Suppse yu are in charge f the Shy and Mighty Sciety, what will yu d t help ther shy peple? And why? （n mre than 20 wrds）
【答案】
56. Because her vice was different frm what she had expected.
Or: Because all she heard was a little kid talking.
Or: Because f her little vice.
57. Her shyness had a/an（bad） influence/effect/impact n her（life）
Or: Her shyness kept her hidden away.
Or: Her shyness kept her away frm ther peple.
58. Accept.
Or: Welcme.
59. T help shy peple（t shine） and push herself frward.
Or: T help ther shy peple and herself.
60. I will rganize a speech cntest s that they can walk ut f their cmfrt zne and becme mre cnfident.
Or: I will share my experience with them, telling them hw I handle my shyness.
Or: I will encurage them t take part in varius activities t imprve their scial skills.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一个害羞的人，害差使作者不敢参加活动，并把自己封闭起来。后来作者接受了自己的害怕，并创建了Shy and Mighty Sciety，给像自己一样害羞的人发光的空间，共同提高。
56. 细节理解题。根据第一段“I pressed "play" t listen back. All I heard was a little kid talking. My immediate reactin was t assume I was listening t smene else's recrding. But that was my vice. I realised there was smething strange abut me.”可知，作者录完音后，按下“播放”键来听，奇怪地听到一个小孩在说话。作者的第一反应是以为在听别人的录音，但那是作者的声音。由此可知，作者感到奇怪是因为自己的声音小，或听到一个小孩在说话，或是感觉听到的不是自己期望的。故答案为：Because her vice was different frm what she had expected. Or: Because all she heard was a little kid talking. Or: Because f her little vice.
57.
段落大意题。根据第二段“My little vice has made me feel really shy. And my shyness has caused me t avid attending events, nt make imprtant cnnectins, and keep my ideas t myself. As a shy persn, wrking frm hme, hiding behind my cmputer was brilliant. But the mre time I spent hidden away, the mre my cmfrt zne shrank（缩小）.” 可知作者的声音小，使作者害羞，害羞使作者不参加活动，不和别人交流。作者越隐藏自己，舒适区就越小。这些都说明了害羞使作者隐藏，远离了别人，给作者带来了坏影响。故答案为：Her shyness had a/an（bad） influence/effect/impact n her（life）. Or: Her shyness kept her hidden away. Or: Her shyness kept her away frm ther peple.
58. 词义猜测题。上句提到“The wrld needs a mixture f persnalities. Success is nt just abut wh can shut the ludest. The wrld needs quieter peple, t.”表明作者感悟到这个世界需个性。成功不只是谁喊得声最大。世界也需要更安静的人。根据“That day I chse t stp hiding”可知作者选择不再躲藏，接受自己的害羞。embrace原意是“拥抱”，此处指“接受，迎接”，故答案为：Accept. Or: Welcme.
59. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Then I created the Shy and Mighty Sciety, a space fr shy peple like me t shine, and in the prcess f helping thers, I culd als push myself frward,”可知作者创建Shy and Mighty Sciety是为了给像自己一样害羞的人发光的空间，在帮助别人的过程中，也可以推动自己一点点前进。故答案为：T help shy peple（t shine） and push herself frward. Or: T help ther shy peple and herself.
60. 推理判断题。作者创建Shy and Mighty Sciety是为了给像自己一样害羞的人发光的空间，所以作为这个组织的负责人应该是组织活动或分享克服害羞的经验，用多种形式鼓励他人战胜害羞、增加自信、提高社交技能。故答案可以是：I will rganize a speech cntest s that they can walk ut f their cmfrt zne and becme mre cnfident. Or: I will share my experience with them, telling them hw I handle my shyness. Or: I will encurage them t take part in varius activities t imprve their scial skills.
Writing 2
【2020年天津卷第二次】As any yunger brther will tell yu, having a big brther invlves a lt f walking in smene else’s shadw, especially when yu have a brther wh is a typical example f “cl”. Fr years I wanted t d everything my elder brther Tysn did, but n matter hw hard I tried, I was always the neglected (被忽略的) ne. My legs just weren’t made t run like his. I culd never play ftball r basketball well.
I prbably wuld have cntinued trying t keep up with him fr the rest f my high schl career, but when my family mved, everything changed. Tysn left fr cllege, s I had t start at a new schl all by myself. This new start gave me an pprtunity t redefine myself and discver an entirely new versin f “cl”.
I dn’t knw what made me decide t try sme new activities at the new schl, but ne day I chanced t shw up fr an after-schl meeting f the Science Olympiad team. I had always been fascinated with chemistry, bilgy, and math, but since thse interests hadn’t fit Tysn’s definitin f “cl”, I had never pursued them. On this day, fr sme reasn, I did.
As we rganized teams, prepared resurces and practiced answering questins, I felt mre cnnected than I ever had t any sprts team. I didn’t feel as thugh I needed t keep up with anybdy else; I was finally with peers wh understd me. It was s gd t feel accepted fr what I’m gd at. Fr the first time in my life, I actually felt cl. Nw I knw wh I am! I’m Tysn’s little brther, but that’s nly part f my identity. I’m a cl guy in my wn way, t. I’m relieved t knw that “cl” has a much brader definitin than what I used t think.
56. Hw d yu understand the underlined part in Paragraph 1? (n mre than 8 wrds)
_________________________
57. What changes ffered a new start t the authr after his family mved? (n mre than 15 wrds)
_________________________
58. Accrding t Paragraph 3, what marked the turning pint in the authr’s grwth? (n mre than 7 wrds)
_________________________
59. What des Paragraph 4 mainly talk abut? (n mre than 10 wrds)
_________________________
60. What is yur example f “cl”? Please explain why. (n mre than 20 wrds)
_________________________
【答案】
56. Receiving less attentin than smene else.
Or: Being/Feeling less successful than smene else.
Or: Being/Feeling neglected.
57. That his brther left fr cllege and he changed schls.
Or: Tysn’s leaving fr cllege and the authr’s ging t/attending a new schl.
58. Jining the Science Olympiad team.
Or: That he jined the Science Olympiad team.
Or: Discvering his true interests (in science).
59. (Hw) the authr discvered a brader definitin f “cl”.
Or: He has discvered his wn way t be cl.
Or: He fund his wn identity.
60. Playing ftball well is cl because I can shw hw strng I am.
Or: Playing the pian is cl because it can give me jy.
Or: Helping the pr is cl because it can give them hpe and bring me pleasure.
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一直活在哥哥泰森的阴影下，他的哥哥很酷，所以他总是被忽略。但当哥哥离开去上大学，他独自开始学校生活时，通过加入学校的Science Olympiad，他找到了真正的自己，也按自己的理解重新定义了”酷”。
56. 词义猜测题。根据第一段的As any yunger brther will tell yu, having a big brther invlves a lt f walking in smene else’s shadw, especially when yu have a brther wh is a typical example f “cl”. Fr years I wanted t d everything my elder brther Tysn did, but n matter hw hard I tried, I was always the neglected ne.可知，就像任何一个弟弟会告诉你的那样，有一个大哥哥意味着走在别人的影子里，尤其是当你有一个很“酷”的哥哥时。多年以来，我想做我的哥哥泰森做的一切，但是无论我怎么努力，我总是被忽略的一个。根据句意，尤其是I was always the neglected ne可推测，划线部分的意思是“得不到关注/被忽略”。故填:Receiving less attentin than smene else.
Or: Being/Feeling less successful than smene else.
Or: Being/Feeling neglected.
57. 细节理解题。根据第二段的but when my family mved, everything changed. Tysn left fr cllege, s I had t start at a new schl all by myself. (但当我们搬家时，一切都改变了。泰森去上大学了，所以我不得不独自在一个新的学校开始)可知，搬家后，作者的哥哥去上大学以及作者独自开始新学校的生活给了作者他新的开始。故填:That his brther left fr cllege and he changed schls.
Or: Tysn’s leaving fr cllege and the authr’s ging t/attending a new schl.
58. 细节理解题。根据第三段的I had always been fascinated with chemistry, bilgy, and math, but since thse interests hadn’t fit Tysn’s definitin f “cl”, I had never pursued them. On this day, fr sme reasn, I did. (我一直对化学、生物和数学着迷，但因为这些兴趣不符合泰森对“酷”的定义，所以我从来没有追求过。这一天，出于某种原因，我参加了)可知，参加Science Olympiad队是作者成长的转折点，因为他选择不再做哥哥的“影子”。故填:Jining the Science Olympiad team.
Or: That he jined the Science Olympiad team.
Or: Discvering his true interests (in science).
59. 主旨大意题。根据本段的主要内容，尤其是Nw I knw wh I am! I’m Tysn’s little brther, but that’s nly part f my identity. I’m a cl guy in my wn way, t. I’m relieved t knw that “cl” has a much brader definitin than what I used t think.(现在我知道我是谁了！我是泰森的弟弟，但那只是我身份的一部分。按照我自的方式，我也是个很酷的人。知道酷的定义比我以前认为的要宽泛得多，我感到很欣慰)可知，本段主要讲述了作者找到了自己的身份以及自己对酷的定义。故填:(Hw) the authr discvered a brader definitin f “cl”.
Or: He has discvered his wn way t be cl.
Or: He fund his wn identity.
60.
开放性题目。只要回答出自己认为什么很酷，以及原因即可。故可填:Playing ftball well is cl because I can shw hw strng I am.
Or: Playing the pian is cl because it can give me jy.
Or: Helping the pr is cl because it can give them hpe and bring me pleasure.
Writing 3
【2020·江苏卷】
请阅读下面有关中国题材纪录片(dcumentary)的对话，并按照要求用英语写一篇150个词左右的文章。
【写作内容】
1.用约30个词概括上述对话的主要内容；
2.谈谈中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因(至少两点)。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
CCTV 9 bradcast Du Fu: China’s Greatest Pet, a dcumentary prduced by BBC. This well-made film prvides freign audiences with a fresh way f better knwing China’s past and present.
Dcumentaries abut China, prduced either in China r in ther cuntries, are becming increasingly ppular amng freigners. Fr ne thing, the verall develpment ver the past decades has been s striking that they feel eager t familiarize themselves with what is ging n in China.
Fr anther, China enjys a lng histry and rich culture. It has always been an attractin fr thse wh are keen n anything that is Chinese. These dcumentaries present a splendid picture f China in frnt f their audiences-it histry, landscape, art, fd, r even traditinal Chinese medicine.
Because f these films, sme freigners have begun t think f cming t China. In this way, they can frm a true picture f China themselves.
【解析】这是一篇读写任务。第一步:审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。要求阅读中国题材纪录片的对话，写一篇150个词文章。包括两部分。(一)、用30词概括对话内容。(二)、谈谈中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因。要求至少两点原因。
第二步:布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为四段。第一段，概括对话内容。第二段和第三段，中国题材纪录片受到外国朋友欢迎的原因。第四段，总结因为电影吸引外国人想来到中国。
第三步:确定关键词汇和短语: prduced by, prvide…with, either…r, be keen n, present , because f, in this way, the verall develpment，s striking that，feel eager t familiarize themselves with.
第四步:确定较为高级的句子: 非谓语动词结构a dcumentary prduced by BBC； 定语从句的运用:It has always been an attractin fr thse wh are keen n anything that is Chinese.
第五步:连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接: fr ne thing, fr anther.
第六步:注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。
2019年
Writing 1
【2019年江苏卷】The Cst f Thinking
Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics. such as large brains and the ability t walk upright n tw legs.
The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extrardinarily large brains cmpared with ther animals. It seems bvius that evlutin shuld select fr larger brains. Mammals(哺乳动物)weighing sixty kilgrams have an average brain size f 200 cm2. Mdern man has a brain averaging 1200-1400 cm2. We are s fnd f ur high intelligence that we assume that when it cmes t brain pwer, mre must be better. Unfrtunately, that is nt the case.
The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain—cnsumptin f energy—n the bdy. I's nt easy t carry arund, especially when bxed inside a massive skull(倾骨). It's even harder t prvides energy. In mdern man, the brain accunts fr abut 2-3%f ttal bdy weight but it cnsumes 25% f the bdy's energy when the bdy is at rest. By cmparisn, the brains f apes(类人猿)require nly 8%f rest-time energy. Early humans pad fr their large brains in tw ways. Firstly, they spent mre time in search fd. Secndly, their muscles grew smaller and weaker. It's hardly an bvius cnclusin that this is a gd way t survive. A chimpanzee(黑猩猩) can't win an argument with a mdern man, but it can tear the man apart like a rag dll.
Anther unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it's easier t find fd r enemies. In additin, their arms that are unnecessary fr mving arund are freed fr ther purpses, like thrwing stnes r signaling. As a result, humans can perfrm very cmplex tasks with their hands.
Yet walking upright has its disadvantage. The bne structure f ur ancestrs develped fr millins f years t supprt a creature that walked n all furs and has a relatively small head. Adjusting t an upright psitin was quite a challenge, especially when the bnes had t supprt an extra-large skull. Humankind paid fr its brad visin and skillful hands backaches and painful necks.
We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems bvius that these have made humankind the mst pwerful animal n earth. But humans enjyed all f these advantages fr a full 2 millin years during which they remained weak and marginal creature. Thus humans wh lived a millin years ag despite their big brains and sharp stne tls, lived in cnstant fear f meat-eating animals.
【答案】71. characteristics 72. disadvantages 73. energy 74. impact(s) 75. guard 76. ther
77. limits 78. physical 79. beat 80. fearful/afraid
【解析】本文为记叙文。主要叙述人用大脑思考的代价。人类与动物相比有两大特点：大大的大脑和直立行走。超大的大脑使人类拥有更高的智商，但却消耗巨大的能量。直立行走让人类擅长寻找食物和抵御敌人，解放了的双手来更复杂的事。但却让人类遭受腰痛和颈部疼痛等。人类成为地球上最强大的动物，享受无与伦比的优势，却对食肉动物怀有恐惧。
71. characteristics考查信息归纳。根据第一段“all human beings share defining characteristics ,such as large brains and the ability t walk upright n tw legs.”可知，大脑袋和双腿直立行走的能力是人类共有的特点(characteristics)。故填characteristics。
72. disadvantages 考查信息归纳。72题就是对第三段内容的总结。第三段主要叙述了人类的大脑大的缺点。因此本空格填写disadvantages。
73. energy 考查信息来源。根据第三段中的“a huge brain is a huge drain--cnsumptin f energy ”以及“It (the brain) cnsumes 25% f the bdy’s energy when the bdy is at rest.By cmparisn the brains f apes require nly 8% f rest- time energy”可知，人类巨大的大脑是一个巨大的能量消耗。 当身体处于休息时，大脑要消耗25%的身体能量。相比之下，类人猿的大脑只需要8%的休息时间能量。人类与动物相比，动物需要的能量（energy）要比人类少。故填energy。
74. impact(s)考查信息归纳题。分析空后的75--78小题所在的第五段和第六段的内容可知，此部分主要叙述了直立行走对人类的影响。故填impact(s)。
75. guard考查信息转换。根据第五段的第一句“Anther unique human characteristic is that we walk upright. Standing up, it’s easier t find fd r enemies.”可知，另一个独特的人类特征是我们直立行走。站起来，更容易找到食物或敌人。找到敌人，就是为了防御敌人。因为r为连词，在此句中连结两个动词短语，故空格填动词。“guard against...”为固定搭配，意为“防御”，故本空填写guard。
76. ther考查信息来源。根据第五段中的” arms that are unnecessary fr mving arund are freed fr ther purpses ,like thrwing stnes r signaling. As a result, humans can perfrm very cmplex tasks with their hands. ”可知，解放了的双手可以用于做其它的事，即有其它的目的。故填ther。
77. limits考查信息归纳。根据第五段“walking upright has disadvantages. The bne structure f ur ancestrs develped fr millins f years t supprt a creature that walked n fur and a relative small head. Adjusting t an upright psitin was quite a challenge , especially when the bnes had t supprt an extra -large skull.” 可知，直立行走也有缺点。我们祖先进化了上百亿年，⻣骼也只能支撑四肢行走和有一个相对较小的头。直立行走对人类的骨架是一个相当大的挑战，限制了人的头脑的大小。故本空填limits。
78. physical考查信息转换。根据第六段“..., Humankind paid fr its visin and skillful hands with backaches and painful necks.” 可知，直立对人类的骨架是一个相当大的挑战，人类为自己的视力和灵巧的双手付出了代价，换来的是腰酸背痛和脖子疼痛。由此得出，直立导致身体方面的(physical)痛苦，故填physical。
79. beat根据最后一段“We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages.It seems bvius that these have made humankind the mst pwerful animal n earth.”可知，我们假设大脑越大，优势越大。很明显，这些使得人类成为地球上最强大的动物。由此可推断出我们的大脑比动物大，在智力方面人类比动物更聪明，即在智力方面击败了(beat)其他动物。故本空填beat。
80. fearful/afraid根据最后一段“ enjyed all f these advantages fr a full 2 millin years during which they weak and marginal creatures. Thus humans wh lived a millin years ag, despite their big brains and sharp stne tls, lived in cnstant fear f meat--eating animals.”可知，尽管人类享受着所有这些优势，但也是弱小的生物。因此尽管拥有巨大的大脑和锋利的石器，但也曾经对食肉动物仍旧害怕/恐惧。因为空前是系动词，故本空要填形容词(afraid/fearful)可知，此处要填名词，故填fearful/afraid。
Writing2
【2019年江苏卷】Li Jiang:Have yu heard this？A grup f exchange students frm the UK are visiting ur schl next mnth.
Su Hua:Yes，I have. Sme are already recmmending the traditinal Chinese dress fr the welcme ceremny.
Li Jiang:But it seems peple have different pinins.
Su Hua:What d yu think？
Li Jiang:I think it's a gd idea. It's an pprtunity t make the Chinese culture better knwn t internatinal students.
Su Hua:I agree. But we dn't have t dress that way. That's nt ur daily style. Besides，it's nt very cnvenient.
Li Jiang:Yu see. It's the Chinese culture that the British friends are cming fr. Just the right ccasin.
Su Hua:I prefer the schl unifrm. It's nice. It's als a better display f ur schl culture.
【写作内容】
1.用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；
2.在上述场合，你是否倾向于穿中国传统服装？请说明理由(不少于两点)。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Pssible versin ne:
Li Jiang and Su Hua are discussing what t wear when receiving the British students next mnth. Li recmmends the traditinal Chinese dress while Su prefers the schl unifrm.
I wuld be happy t wear traditinal Chinese clthes at the welcme ceremny. Firstly, this is precisely what the British visitrs are expecting. They cme t learn abut Chinese culture with their wn eyes. Their Chinese peers in the typical Chinese dress wuld be highly impressive. The schl unifrms are fine, but nt special enugh t give a unique Chinese flavur. Secndly, the incnvenience is nt a prblem if ur purpse is t share Chinese culture. It is just the s-called incnvenience that displays the richness, delicacy and great fascinatin f Chinese culture with a histry f thusands f years.
The traditinal Chinese clthes, it seems t me, will make the ccasin very Chinese and inviting t the British guests.
Pssible versin tw:
Li Jiang and Su Hua dn't agree n what t wear when greeting the British students Li suggests traditinal Chinese clthes while Su thinks the schl unifrms are mre suitable.
I prefer the schl unifrm t the traditinal Chinese dress at the welcme ceremny next mnth. Althugh the traditinal Chinese dress may lk mre beautiful and stylish, it is a little bit strange t walk arund in it. We feel at ease in ur schl unifrms every day. What's mre, the traditinal Chinese dress can't reflect the unique culture f ur schl. Frm the design and clur f ur unifrms, the British friends will learn mre abut ur schl. Besides, the chice f the traditinal Chinese dress means extra mney, and extra time, fr we have t change it back after the event.
S the schl unifrms are a better chice than the traditinal Chinese dress fr such an ccasin.
Writing 3
【2018年浙江卷11月】It’s a really gd idea t visit clleges befre yu apply because their websites can all start t lk and sund the same. Nthing will give yu the sense f what it will actually be like t live n a cllege campus(校园) like visiting and seeing fr yurself the drms, classrms and athletic equipment and, f curse, the students. It seems a little crazy nce senir year hits t find the time t visit cllege campuses, and it can als be pricey if the schls yu are applying t happen t be mre than a car ride away. But keep in mind that yu are making a decisin abut the next fur years f yur life, and d all the research yu can t make sure yu are making the right ne.
There’s n excuse nt t visit the schls in yur lcal area. In fact, a lt f cllege applicatins even ask if yu have visited campus, and bviusly, if yu live acrss the cuntry that wn’t be as much f a pssibility, but if yu live nearby, g check it ut!
If campus visits aren’t ging t happen befre yu apply, at the very least yu shuld find sme time between applying and getting yur acceptance letters t visit the schls yu’d like t attend. It can save yu a lt f heartache if yu rule ut nw the things that yu dn’t like abut certain campuses, things that yu wuldn’t knw unless yu actually visit.
Nw, if time and mney are making it impssible, then check ut the nline cllege fairs at CllegeWeekLive. It’s a chance t chat nline with admissins fficers, students, and cllege cunselrs (顾问), and it wn’t cst yu a penny! Yu can register fr its nline cllege fair at cllegeweeklive.cm. While visiting an nline cllege fair can’t take the place f an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tl that alng with all yur ther research will help yu make an infrmed decisin abut which clleges r universities yu’d like t attend.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】It’s really wrthwhile t pay a visit t their desired clleges persnally befre applying. Undubtedly, students shuld visit their lcal clleges, which may be included in applicatins. At least, they shuld visit the schl and figure ut its real cnditins in advance. Fr students wh are shrt f mney and time, registering fr the nline cllege fair is a gd alternative t help them better understand schls.
【分析】本文要求阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要，即用尽可能少的词汇集中展现原材料的主要思想和观点。这主要是考查学生把握文章主旨大意和段落大意的能力以及总结概括能力，熟练掌握从句、非谓语动词等语法知识和遣词造句的能力。
【详解】1. 要先读懂、读透原作。这是准确再现原文、写好概要的前提。动笔前多读两遍原文，直至弄懂读透。
2. 抓住文中的关键句，确定写作主题。开头It's a really gd idea t visit clleges befre yu apply点明了本文主题；But keep in mind that yu are making a decisin abut the next fur years f yur life, and d all the research yu can t make sure yu are making the right ne. There’s n excuse nt t visit the schls in yur lcal area.说明了去大学看看的必要性和可行性；If campus visits aren’t ging t happen befre yu apply, at the very least yu shuld find sme time between applying and getting yur acceptance letters t visit the schls yu’d like t attend.在时间上提供了更多选择；if time and mney are making it impssible, then check ut the nline cllege fairs at CllegeWeekLive.为不能亲自去大学看的学生提供了另外一种方法。
3.拟好提纲。有了提纲，写概要时就会有章法，也不会遗漏原作中的要点。
4.快速成文，反复推敲。按照文章要求和拟好的提纲一气呵成，写完初稿。
5.对照修改润色，再读原文，查看是否漏掉了重要信息或主要内容。用词是否恰当，可有可无的删掉。注意词类、时态、语态的适当调整。
Writing 4
阅读表达
【2019年天津卷】Haze Mabry，wh has wrked as a schl keeper fr thirteen years，walks int the schl building every day and empties garbage cans，wipes dwn bathrms and mps wet messes in the hallways.
Last Friday，after he arrived at the schl，instead f finding garbage t clean up，he fund almst 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards，blwing nisemakers and singing a full-thrated happy birthday t him. It was his 80th. As he walked the lng hallway，sme ppped ut f lime t hug him. They handed him s many cards that they filled several large bxes. Tuched by their enthusiastic expressin f affectin. Mabry thanked them all. "They're like my children，"Mabry said.
On a regular day，students at the schl smetimes cme up t him t say they're nt feeling well r ther times t tell him abut smething that happened at break. He knws mst f the kids at the schl，but can't name each ne. Sme f them make him knw them. Like Faith，wh ften frgets her backpack in the cafeteria，and Lucy，wh just wants a hug.
“He wn't brag（夸耀）n himself，but it desn't matter what he's ding r where he is，he will always stp what he's ding t take care f a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child appraches him，he will pause t give that child his undivided attentin. He's the mst lved ne in this building，"said Lri Gilreath，a reading teacher.
Mabry wrks circles arund all the students，cleaning up messes thers dn't want t tuch. He desn't expect a lt. Mabry said he hadn't planned t d much fr his milestne birthday，s he was happy the students had prepared the surprise celebratin.
Over the weekend，he wrked thrugh the piles f handmade cards at his huse. One card frm a student std ut t him. It read: “Mr. Haze，yu are my sunshine.”
56. What is Mabry's daily wrk as a schl keeper？（n mre than 5 wrds）
57. Hw did the students celebrate Mabry's birthday？（n mre than 15 wrds）
58. What des the underlined wrd in Paragraph 2 prbably mean？（1 wrd）
59. Why is Mabry's presence at the schl imprtant？（n mre than 10 wrds）
60. Wh is the "sunshine” in yur life？Please explain. （n mre than 20 wrds）
【答案】56. Cleaning the（schl）building.
Or: Ding（the）cleaning.
Or: He cleans the（schl）building.
Or: He des（the）cleaning.
57. By lining the hallways，blwing nisemakers，singing a sng，handing him cards，and hugging him
Or: By lining the hallways with（handmade）cards，blwing nisemakers，singing a sng，and hugging him.
Or: They lined the hallways，blew nisemakers，sang a sng，handed him cards，and hugged him.
Or: They lined the hallways with（handmade）cards，blew nisemakers，sang a sng，and hugged him.
58. Lve.
Or: Liking.
Or: Fndness.
59. （Because）he lves/cares abut（the）students and wrks hard.
Or: （Because）he lves（the）students and is devted t his wrk.
Or: （Because）he is kind/caring/helpful t the students，and hard-wrking.
Or: （Because）he is regarded as a kind/warm-hearted/helpful/caring and hard-wrking man.
60. My father/mther. （Because）he/she lves me and encurages me when I'm faced/cnfrnted with difficulties.
Or: My teacher. （Because）he/she cares abut me and prepares me fr my future career.
Or: My friend. （Because）he/she brings me jy/happiness and gives me a lt f cmfrt/help/encuragement.
解析】
本文为记叙文。文中记叙了一位清洁工Mabry，他的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。Mabry 爱学生，关心学生。学生们也尊敬他，喜欢他。在他80生日那天，学生们用自己的方式祝贺他的生日，表达了对Mabry的热爱。
56.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Haze Mabry, wh has wrks as a schl keeper fr thirteen years, walks int the schl building every day and empty garbage cans, wipes dwn bathrms, and mps wet messes in the hallways.”可知Haze Mabry是一位清洁工，他的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。因此本句的答案可为：Cleaning the (schl) building； Or：ding（the） cleaning；
Or: He cleans the (schl)building； Or: He des (the) cleaning.
57.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Last Friday, fund almst 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards, blwing nisemakers and singing a full-thrated happy birthday t him.和sme ppped ut f line t hug him.”可知，上个周五，他发现几乎有800名学生在走廊里排队，拿着手制卡片，吹口哨，为他唱了一首响亮的生日快乐歌，拥抱他。因此答案为：
By lining the hallways, blwing nisemakers, singing a sng, handing him cards, and hugging him.
Or: By lining the hallways with (handmade) cards, blwing nisemakers, singing a sng, and hugging him.
Or: They lined the hallways, blew nisemakers, sang a sng, handed him cards, and hugged him.
Or: They lined the hallways with (handmade) card, blew nisemakers, sang a sng, handed him cards, and hugged him.
58.
猜测题意题。根据第二段学生们为Mabry庆祝生日的方式和划线词后的内容“Mabry thanked them all,”以及“They’re like my children.”可知 Mabry 爱学生，把学生当作自己的孩子。那么学生们也表达了他们对Mabry的热爱。因此Mabry被学生的爱所感动，故所以的“affectin”相当于“Lve”，故填lve。
Or: liking.
Or: Fndness.
59.
【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的内容“ will always stp what he’s ding t take care f a
child if that child is having a bad day. If a child appraches him, he will pause t give that by his
undivided attentin. He’s the mst lved ne in this building.”以及最后一段“Mabry wrks circles
arund all the students, cleaning up messes thers dn’t want t tuch. He desn’t expect a lt.”
可知，Mabry 关心爱护孩子，帮助孩子，是一个善良、热心的人。一个不怕脏不怕累、勤奋
工作的人。因此答案为：
(Because) he lves/cares abut（the）students and wrks hard.
Or: (Because) he lves the students and devted t his wrk.
Or: (Because) he is kind/caring /helping t the students , and hard-wrking.
Or: (Because) he is regarded as a kind /warm-hearted /helpful/caring and hard-wrking man.
60.
考查学生的观察综合表达能力。本题的题目：wh is the "sunshine" in yur life?”谁是你生活中的阳光？只要在生活或学习中帮助过你，关心你、爱护你的，鼓励你，安慰你的都可称为yur sunshine。因此答案可为：
My father/mther.(Because) he/she lves me and encuraged me when I’m faced/cnfrnted with difficulties.
Or: My teacher.(Because) he/she cares abut me and prepares me fr my future career.
Or: My friend.(Because) he/she brings me jy/happiness and gives me a lt f cmfrt/ help/ encuragement.
2018年
Writing 1
【2018年江苏卷】Hw Arts Prmte Our Ecnmy
When mst peple think f the arts, they imagine the end prduct, the beautiful painting, a wnderful piece f music, r an award-winning perfrmance in the theater. But arts grups bring brader value t ur cmmunities. The ecnmic impact f the arts is ften verlked and badly judged.
The arts create jbs that help develp the ecnmy. Any given perfrmance takes a tur bus full f artists, technical experts, managers, musicians, r writers t create an appealing piece f art. These peple earn a living wage fr their prfessinal knwledge and skills.
Anther grup f flks is needed t help market the event. “If yu build it they will cme” is a misleading belief. Painters, digital media experts, phtgraphers, bking agents and prmters are hired t sell tickets and prmte the event. Accrding t the Dallas Area Cultural Advcacy Calitin, arts agencies emply mre than 10,000 peple as full-r part-time emplyees r independent cntractrs.
A successful arts neighbrhd creates a ripple effect（连锁反应）thrughut a cmmunity. In 2005, when the Bishp Arts Theatre was dnated t ur twn, the lcatin was cnsidered a pr area f twn. After investing mre than $1 millin in recnstructing the building, we began prducing a full seasn f theater perfrmances, jazz cncerts, and year-rund arts educatin prgrams in 2008. Nearly 40 percent f jazz lvers live utside f the Dallas city limits and drive r fly in t enjy an evening in the Bishp Arts District.
N dubt the theater has cntributed t the area’s develpment and ecnmic grwth. Tday, there are galleries, studis, restaurants and newly built wrk spaces where neighbrs share experiences, where there is renewed life and energy. In this way, arts and culture als serve as a public gd.
TeC Theatrical Prductins Inc. made use f Blmberg’s investment f $35,000 t get nearly $400,000 in public and private sectr supprt during the tw-year perid. Further, Dallas arts and arts-based businesses prduce $298 fr every dllar the city spends n arts prgramming and facilities. In Philadelphia, a metr area smaller than Dallas, the arts have an ecnmic impact f almst $3 millin and supprt 44,000 jbs, 80 percent f which actually lie utside the arts industry, including accuntants, marketers, cnstructin wrkers, htel managers, printers, and ther kinds f art wrkers.
The arts are efficient ecnmic drivers and when they are supprted, the entire small-business cmmunity benefits.
It is wrng t assume arts grups cannt make a prfit. But in rder t stay in business, arts grups must prduce returns. If yu are a student studying the arts, chances are yu have been ill-advised t have a plan B. But thse wh truly understand the ecnmic impact and can wrk t change the patterns can create a wide range f career pssibilities.
【答案】71. benefit 72. Ways 73. jint/cllective 74. Prmtin/marketing 75. Effect
76. fares 77. Psitive 78. utside/beynd 79. statistics/data/analyses 80. Alternative
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述艺术是如何促进我们的经济发展的。
71. 同义转化题。根据文章第一段But arts grups bring brader value t ur cmmunities.(艺术团体给我们的社区带来了更大的价值。)，所填词的主语为Our cmmunities，故应为我们的社区从艺术中收益，所以用短语benefit frm从……受益。故填benefit。
72. 归纳题。分析右边表格各小点的内容可知，这里应该为艺术提升我们经济的方法，所以用way，注意首字母大写及复数形式。故填Ways。
73. 归纳题。根据文章第二段Any given perfrmance takes a tur bus full f artists, technical experts, managers, musicians, r writers t create an appealing piece f art.可以归纳出，艺术活动需要集体共同努力。故填jint/cllective。
74. 词性转化题。根据文章第三段Painters, digital media experts, phtgraphers, bking agents and prmters are hired t sell tickets and prmte the event.中的动词prmte转化为名词prmtin，也可以用同义名词marketing。故填prmtin/marketing。
75. 原词再现题。根据文章第四段A successful arts neighbrhds creates a ripple effect（连锁反应）thrughut a cmmunity.中的原词effect可以得出答案。故填effect。
76. 归纳题。根据文章第四段Nearly 40 percent f jazz lvers live utside f the Dallas city limits and drive r fly in t enjy an evening in the Bishp Arts District.可以归纳出，爵士爱好者除了买票之外，还需要付来去交通费、住宿费等费用。故填fares。
77. 归纳题。根据文章倒数第三段the arts have an ecnmic impact f almst $3 millin and supprt 44,000 jbs, 80 percent f which actually lie utside the arts industry, including accuntants, marketers, cnstructin wrkers, htel managers, printers, and ther kinds f art wrkers.可知，艺术品投资可以产生潜在的积极经济效果。故填psitive。
78. 原词再现题。根据文章倒数第三段the arts have an ecnmic impact f almst $3 millin and supprt 44,000 jbs, 80 percent f which actually lie utside the arts industry, including accuntants, marketers, cnstructin wrkers, htel managers, printers, and ther kinds f art wrkers.中的utside可以得出答案，也可以用其同义词beynd。故填utside/beynd。
79. 归纳题。这里是对文章的总结，艺术生应该考虑到上文这些统计数据或分析，故无需担心他们的职业。故填statistics/data/analyses。
80. 同义转化题。根据文章最后一段But thse wh truly understand the ecnmic impact and can wrk t change the patterns can create a wide range f career pssibilities.中的change the patterns转化为同义词alternative。故填alternative。
Writing 2
阅读表达
【2018年天津卷】Sme peple live t climb the highest muntains. Sme peple live nly dreaming abut it while thers live t avid ever climbing at all. But ne thing is certain, all peple encunter muntains in their life.
When I was a little girl, my family mved t a tiny twn at the bttm f a big muntain. One day after schl, while explring the green wds f this magnificent muntain, I almst fell n a set f stairs. What culd these steps lead t? Curisity gt the best f me as I knew it wuld be starting t get dark sn. I started climbing up thse strangely mysterius steps.
I climbed and climbed. There was nthing but just green bushes and these steps. I had t reach the tp! But it was nw getting real dark. If I kept ging I might nt be able t see my way back. My mm wuld be wrried sick if I didn’t cme hme sn. S I ran back hme almst in the dark while trying nt t get t scared.
Anxiusly I went t bed dreaming abut what I wuld find at the tp f this magical muntain. Culd there be a castle up there? Maybe I wuld find a mnster(怪物). Maybe I was taking the risk f never cming back hme. Or, maybe all I wuld find was abslutely nthing! But smething inside me was ging t climb that muntain at all cst. I culd hardly wait t try this adventure again.
Nw we live in a wrld surrunded by the "can’t d" attitudes. We all fall dwn. We all have dubts and regrets. Still we must climb and dream abut what’s at the tp f ur muntain. Mnsters may appear r the night will fall. But never ever give up n yur dream! Never let anyne tell yu, "Yu can’t." Dream big and climb high!
56. What made the authr start t climb up the stairs t the muntain tp? (n mre than 5 wrds)
57. Why did the authr hurry back hme withut reaching the tp f the muntain? Give tw reasns. (n mre than 15 wrds)
58. Hw wuld yu describe the authr in terms f persnalities accrding t Paragraph 4? (n mre than 10 wrds)
59. Hw d yu understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (n mre than 5 wrds)
60. What’s yur attitude twards the "muntain" in yur life? Please explain. (n mre than 20 wrds)
【答案】56. Curisity made her d s.
Or:The desire t explre.
57. Because it was getting dark，and she didn’t want her mther t wrry abut her.
Or:Because she was seared，and might nt be able t find her/the way back hme.
58. She had rich imaginatin and she was brave.
Or:She was a brave and determined girl with rich imaginatin.
Or:She was imaginative and determined，and she dared t explre.
Or:She was imaginative，adventurus and determined.
59. We all smetimes fail.
Or:We face failure/defeat/hardships/challenges in life.
Or:There are difficulties/barriers/bstacles in life.
Or:We run int truble smetimes.
Or:We have truble in life.
60. I will try t reach my gal because I want t live an exciting life.
Or:I will try t reach/get t the tp f the“muntain”because I want t be successful in life.
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议短文阅读。作者通过小时候爬山的经历告诉我们：我们每个人在人生中都会遇到很多座山，但我们要勇于梦想，攀登高峰。
56. 细节归纳题。根据文章第二段What culd these steps lead t? Curisity gt the best f me as I knew it wuld be starting t get dark sn. I started climbing up thse strangely mysterius steps.可知，好奇心驱使作者探索这些台阶通往什么，从而可以归纳出答案，注意字数的限制。
57. 细节归纳题。根据文章第三段But it was nw getting real dark. If I kept ging I might nt be able t see my way back. My mm wuld be wrried sick if I didn’t cme hme sn. S I ran back hme almst in the dark while trying nt t get t scared.可知，作者没有到达山顶而急于回家的原因一共有4个，考生只需要归纳2个原因，注意字数的限制。
58. 细节归纳题。根据文章第四段作者梦见城堡或怪物，可知作者非常具有想象力；根据But smething inside me was ging t climb that muntain at all cst. I culd hardly wait t try this adventure again.可知，作者内心的某些东西会不惜一切代价爬上那座山并迫不及待地想再次冒险，可知作者具有冒险精神并且有决心。根据这些归纳出答案，注意字数的限制。
59. 句意理解题。根据全文我们可以推断出We all fall dwn.指的是“我们生活中遇到的障碍/困难/失败/挑战等”。由此可以归纳出答案，注意字数的限制。
60. 开放题。首先要理解题干中的muntain指的是“障碍或失败”，并且要陈述自己的理由，注意字数的限制。
2017年
Writing 1
【2017年江苏卷】Ppulatin Change
Why is the wrld’s ppulatin grwing? The answer is nt what yu might think. The reasn fr the explsin is nt that peple have been reprducing like rabbits, but that peple have stpped drpping dead like flies. In 1900, peple died at the average age f 30. By 2000 the average age was 65. But while increasing health was a typical feature f the 20th century, declining birth rate culd be a defining ne f the 21st.
Statistics shw that the average number f births per wman has fallen frm 4.9 in the early 1960s t 2.5 nwadays. Furthermre, arund 50% f the wrld’s ppulatin live in regins where the figure is nw belw the replacement level ( births per wman) and almst all develped natins are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate. Yu might think that develping natins wuld make up the lss(especially since 80% f the wrld’s peple nw live in such natins), but yu’d be wrng. Declining birth rate is a majr prblem in many develping regins t, which might cause catastrphic glbal shrtages f wrk frce within a few decades.
A great decline in yung wrk frce is likely t ccur in China, fr instance. What des it imply? First, China needs t underg rapid ecnmic develpment befre a ppulatin decline hits the cuntry. Secnd, if ther factrs such as technlgy remain cnstant, ecnmic grwth and material expectatins will fall well belw recent standards and this culd invite truble.
Russia is anther cuntry with ppulatin prblems that culd break its ecnmic prmise. Since 1992 the number f peple dying has been bigger than that f thse being brn by a massive 50%. Indeed fficial figures suggest the cuntry has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and peple in Russia live a shrter life nw than thse in 1961. Why is this ccurring? Nbdy is quite sure, but pr diet and abve all lng-time alchlism have much t d with it. If current trends dn’t bend, Russia’s ppulatin will be abut the size f Yemen’s by the year 2050.
In the nrth f India, the ppulatin is bming due t high birth rates, but in the suth, where mst ecnmic develpment is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rate is highest in prly educated rural areas and lwest in highly educated urban areas. In ttal, 25% f India’s wrking-age ppulatin has n educatin. In 2030, a sixth f the cuntry’s ptential wrk frce culd be ttally uneducated.
One slutin is bviusly t imprt freign wrkers via immigratin. As fr the USA, it is almst unique amng develped natins in having a ppulatin that is expected t grw by 20% frm 2010-2030. Mrever, the USA has a track recrd f successfully accepting immigrants. As a result it’s likely t see a rise in the size f its wrking-age ppulatin and t witness strng ecnmic grwth ver the lnger term.
The birth rate in the 21st century may be much (71) ▲ than it was in the 20th.
It wuld be difficult fr develped cuntries t maintain the (72) ▲ f ppulatin.
Leaving aside the birth rate issue, India’s ecnmy may take ff when the cuntry achieves (78) ▲ f educatinal pprtunity.
The (76) ▲ death f Russians may result in a shrinking ppulatin, which wuld damage its ecnmic future. It wuld be better if it can change peple’s way f (77) ▲ .
T guarantee its ecnmic grwth, China needs t deal with the ppulatin issue prperly, as its wrkers are getting (75) ▲ .
Decline f the birth rate
The impact f drpping birth rate n develping cuntries may nt be (73) ▲ but disastrus.
Ppulatin and (74) ▲ pressure
The USA will increase, frm 2010-2030, its ppulatin by 20% thrugh (79) ▲ . This will (80) ▲ _ fr the lack f yung wrk frce.
American slutin
【答案】71. lwer 72. size/scale 73. immediate 74. ecnmic 75. ld/lder
76. earlier 77. living/life 78. equality 79. immigratin 80. cmpensate
【解析】文章大意：文章关注的是人口出生率的下降。得益于医学的进步，全世界的人口虽然在增长，但是不断下降的出生率却是二十一世纪面临的一个严峻问题。
71. 【答案】lwer
【解析】根据＂declining birth rate culd be a defining ne f the 21st＂可知，21世纪的出生率比20世纪低，且much/ even/far/a lt/ a little等修饰比较级，故填lwer。
72. 【答案】size/scale
【解析】根据第二段中的＂almst all develped natins are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate＂可知，发达国家人口出生率正在下降，即人口难以维持现有的规模，＂maintain＂一词是做题的依据，故填size/scale。
73. 【答案】immediate
【解析】根据第二段中的＂which might cause catastrphic glbal shrtages f wrk frce within a few decades＂中的＂within a few decades＂可知，出生率的下降对发展中国家和全球的消极影响还没有发生，由此联想到＂影响不是立即产生的＂。
74. 【答案】ecnmic
【解析】接下来几段分别讲了中国、俄罗斯、印度的人口与经济问题，根据＂ecnmic develpment befre a ppulatin decline hits the cuntry＂可知答案。
75.【答案】ld/lder
【解析】根据＂A great decline in yung wrk frce is likely t ccur in China＂可知，中国可能会迎来年轻劳动力的危机，故填lder。
76.【答案】earlier
【解析】根据＂the cuntry has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and peple in Russia live a shrter life nw than thse in pr diet and abve all lng-time alchlism have much t d with it＂可知，俄罗斯人口由于缩短的寿命而急剧下降。
77.【答案】living/life
【解析】此处是说，如果俄罗斯人改变他们的生活方式，他们的情况可能会好一些。
78. 【答案】equality
【解析】根据倒数第二段中的＂but in the suth, where mst ecnmic develpment is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly＂可知，教育可以降低出生率，因此，可以通过普及教育来抑制人口增长。
79. 【答案】immigratin
【解析】根据最后一段中的＂One slutin is bviusly t imprt freign wrkers via immigratin.＂可知，通过移民来引入外来工人是解决劳动力短缺的一种方法。
80. 【答案】cmpensate
【解析】根据最后一段中的＂Mrever, the USA has a track recrd f successfully accepting immigrants. As a result it’s likely t see a rise in the size f its wrking-age ppulatin＂可知，美国的移民政策将会使劳动力有所增加。接纳移民可以弥补劳动力的短缺。
Writing 2
【2017年江苏卷】请认真阅读下面有关我国电影票房收入（bx-ffice incme）的柱状图及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Saturday Afternn. In a Shpping Centre.
Li Jiang: Hi, Su Hua. Which mvie shall we see?
Su Hua: Whatever. We’ve gt s many chices, Kung Fu Yga, Jurney t the West…Each sunds great!
Li Jiang: Yeah! And sme mvie stars are fantastic.
Su Hua: And the high-tech!...
Li Jiang: Perfect! Let’s get sme fd first. We nly have 20 minutes left.
Su Hua: N hurry. The cinema is n the same flr.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词概述柱状图信息的主要内容；
2. 我国电影票房收入变化的原因有哪些，简要谈谈你的看法（上述对话仅供参考，原因不少于两点）；
3. 谈谈你对我国电影票房收入走向的看法，并简要说明理由。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
【参考范文】
Pssible versin ne：
The bx-ffice incme f Chinese mvies witnessed a cnstant increase frm abut 17 billin yuan in 2012 t ver 40 billin in 2015. Hwever, that increase slwed dwn in 2016.
The reasns behind this are varius. The fast ecnmic develpment befre 2016 was prbably the mst pwerful engine driving the cnstant grwth in the bx-ffice incme. The applicatin f new technlgies and the wide appeal f mvie stars culd als accunt fr the increase. Hwever, China saw a decline in its ecnmic grwth rate last year. And the Internet increased ptins fr mvie lvers. Cnsequently, sme viewers began t turn away frm cinemas, leading t a slwer grwth.
China’s ecnmy is expected t grw at a medium speed in the cming years, s an increase is pssible in the investment in the mvie industry and the number f quality mvies. Therefre, its bx-ffice incme will prbably enjy a slight increase. (150 wrds)
Pssible versin tw：
As is indicated in the graph, the bx-ffice incme f Chinese films increased cnstantly frm 2012 t 2015, but its grwth, fr ne reasn r anther, slwed dwn in 2016.
The increase in the bx-ffice incme can be attributed t a number f factrs. The quality f life has imprved and watching films is regarded as a gd means f entertainment. Besides, filming technlgy has advanced and mre quality films are n ffer. Mrever, the Internet plays an imprtant part. On the Internet, peple can seek infrmatin abut their favrite stars and buy tickets at a discunt as well, which is bth time-saving and ecnmical.
Hwever, the film market may witness a slwdwn in the near future. Cinemas have gradually given way t the rise f the Internet and cellphnes, and the ticket price is n the increase. Therefre, the film industry shuld make greater effrts t attract mre viewers. (150 wrds)
【解析】考查任务型读写。此类作文对考生的能力要求极高。首先考生要以30词左右概述短文内容。接下来要分析票房收入变化的原因并给出自己的看法，并谈谈自己对票房走向的看法。作文以第三人称和一般现在时为主。
要点：
1. 概述：中国电影票房在2012—2016年间呈现不断增长的趋势，但是2016年的增长相比于前几年很缓慢。
分析原因：票房增长与人们生活水平的不断提高息息相关，人们有了多余的钱，才可能消费、娱乐；另一方面，电影的制作技术日臻成熟，许多优质的电影不断上映；再者，互联网的普及无疑起到了很大的宣传作用。
看法和理由：票房增速将会小幅上涨或有所回落。只要给出恰当的理由，对票房看涨或是看落皆可。
写30词的概述时，语言要简练、不拖沓。遣词造句要符合英语的表达习惯，尽量用上定语从句、状语从句和非谓语动词与倒装句等语法和句型。同时注意语句的连贯性。
Writing 3
阅读表达
【2017年天津卷】In the years f my grwing up, Dad was strict with me. He made sure I made my bed and did my hmewrk. He wuld call in advance t make sure there was n alchl at the party. I gt s angry with him fr laying dwn the law. I wuld scream, “ I hate yu!” Dad wuld yell back, “Gd! I dn’t care!” Deep dwn I knew he did.
One time at a party, I drank t much alchl and gt s sick. I said, “ Call my dad.” Next thing, Dad was carrying me t the car. I wke up the next mrning, thinking I wuld definitely be criticised. As expected, I gt a rasting, but I nw understand why I needed discipline.
Dad was 29 when he gt his big rles in films. I had an early start at the age f nine with a rle in a 1990s TV series, but it wasn’t until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress. Like thse early days fr Dad, I faced lts f rejectins. Wrking in such a cmpetitive industry, I’ve smetimes thught, “I can’t d this any mre.”
Once, after a trip t Hllywd, I returned t Australia s depressed and spent mnths in my bedrm painting, listening t Eckhart Tlle’s music and trying t find myself again. Dad sat me dwn and said,“Alice, I knw it’s hard, but it’s all abut persistence(坚持不懈).”
Nw I get t wrk with Dad a lt, which I lve. We are bth passinate abut acting, which cmes frm us being s interested in peple. If it weren’t fr Dad, I wuldn’t be where I am tday. He’s my biggest fan, and when yu have that in yur life yu can g a lng way.
56. What rules did Alice’s father set fr her when she was grwing up?(n mre than 15 wrds)
57. What des the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? (n mre than 5 wrds)
58. What did Alice’s father d when she felt depressed? (n mre than 5 wrds)
59. Accrding t the last paragraph, what d Alice and her father have in cmmn? (n mre than 10 wrds)
60. What d yu think f Alice’s father? Please explain. (n mre than 20 wrds)
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个严父、慈父对女儿的教育培养以及对女儿的影响。
56. She shuld make her bed, d her hmewrk and drink n alchl.
Or: Making her bed, ding her hmewrk and drinking n alchl.
【解析】根据文章第一段的句子He made sure I made my bed and did my hmewrk. He wuld call in advance t make sure there was n alchl at the party. I gt s angry with him fr laying dwn the law. 可知作者爱丽斯的父亲给她制定了自己铺床、做作业和不许喝酒的规定。
57. I gt/was criticised/sclded.
【解析】根据文章第三段的内容：Dad was 29 when he gt his big rles in films. I had an early start at the age f nine with a rle in a 1990s TV series, but it wasn’t until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress. Like thse early days fr Dad, I faced lts f rejectins.可以判断出我和父亲早年的时候一样，面对了许多次的拒绝，即受到了批评。
58. He encuraged/cmfrted/inspired her.
【解析】根据文章第四段内容Once, after a trip t Hllywd, I returned t Australia s depressed and spent mnths in my bedrm painting, listening t Eckhart Tlle’s music and trying t find myself again. Dad sat me dwn and said,“Alice, I knw it’s hard, but it’s all abut persistence(坚持不懈).”可以判断出在爱丽斯感到精神不振的时候，父亲鼓励、安慰、激励了她。
59. They are bth passinate abut acting and interested in peple.
【解析】根据文章最后一段中的We are bth passinate abut acting, which cmes frm us being s interested in peple.可以判断出爱丽斯和她的父亲的共同点就是对演艺事业充满了激情，对人们感兴趣。
60. He is a gd/devted/caring/lving father because he was strict with his daughter and encuraged her when she was in truble.
Or: He is always supprtive/a surce f strength. Whenever she is in truble, he is there fr her.
【解析】根据第一段的句子Dad was strict with me. He made sure I made my bed and did my hmewrk. He wuld call in advance t make sure there was n alchl at the party.和第二段的句子As expected, I gt a rasting, but I nw understand why I needed discipline.可知，爱丽斯的父亲对女儿严格要求，是一个严父。由第四段内容Once, after a trip t Hllywd, I returned t Australia s depressed and spent mnths in my bedrm painting, listening t Eckhart Tlle’s music and trying t find myself again. Dad sat me dwn and said,“Alice, I knw it’s hard, but it’s all abut persistence(坚持不懈).”可以判断出爱丽斯的父亲对女儿的关爱和鼓励，所以判断出爱丽斯的父亲是一个好父亲，是女儿力量的源泉。
2016年
Writing 1
【2016年江苏卷】An Extensin f the Human Brain
Other peple can help us cmpensate fr ur mental and emtinal deficiencies (欠缺), much as a wden leg can cmpensate fr a physical deficiency. T be exact, ther peple can extend ur intelligence and help us understand and adjust ur emtins. When anther persn helps us in such ways, he r she is participating in what I’ve called a "scial prsthetic (义肢的) system." Such systems d nt need t perate face-t-face, and it’s clear t me that the Internet is expanding the range f my wn scial prsthetic systems. It’s already a big bank f many minds. Even in its current state, the Internet has extended my memry and judgment.
Regarding memry: Once I lk up smething n the Internet, I dn’t need t keep all the details fr future use — I knw where t find that infrmatin again and can quickly and easily d s. Mre generally, the Internet functins as if it were my memry. This functin f the Internet is particularly striking when I’m writing; I’m n lnger cmfrtable writing if I’m nt cnnected t the Internet. It’s becme natural t check facts as I write, taking a minute r tw t dip int PubMed, Wikipedia, r ther websites.
Regarding judgment: The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large. Fr example, when I’m writing a textbk, it has becme secnd nature t check a dzen definitins f a key term, which helps me dig int the cre and understand its meaning. But mre than that, I nw regularly cmpare my views with thse f many thers. If I have a "new idea," I nw quickly lk t see whether smebdy else has already thught f it, r smething similar — and I then cmpare what I think with what thers have thught. This certainly makes my wn views clearer. Mrever, I can find ut whether my reactins t an event are reasnable enugh by reading abut thse f thers n the Internet.
These effects f the Internet have becme even mre striking since I’ve begun using a smartphne. I nw regularly pull ut my phne t check a fact, watch a vide, read weib. Such activities fill the spaces that used t be dead time (such as waiting fr smebdy t arrive fr a lunch meeting).
But that’s the upside(好处). The dwnside is that in thse dead perids I ften wuld let my thughts flw and smetimes wuld have an unexpected insight r idea. Thse pprtunities are nw fewer and farther between.
【答案】71. Internet 72. participates/jins 73. keeping 74. all/different/varius 75. heart/cre
76. check 77. judge 78. mixed/tw 79. cnvenient 80. reduce
【解析】71. Internet 原词再现。根据第一段第四句Such systems d nt need t perate face-t-face, and it’s clear t me that the Internet is expanding the range f my wn scial prsthetic systems.可知因特网可以拓宽社会义肢系统的范围，也就是说网络可以弥补我们精神和情感上的缺陷。
72. participates/jins 同义句转换。根据第一段最后两句It’s already a big bank f many minds. Even in its current state, the Internet has extended my memry and judgment.可知动词短语＂participate/jin in＂符合句意。
73. keeping 词形转换。根据第二段第一句＂Once I lk up smething n the Internet, I dn’t need t keep all the ＂可知动词短语＂ mind记住＂，在表格中放在介词withut的后面，要使用动名词keeping的形式。
74. all/different/varius 同义词转换。根据第三段第一句The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large.可知原文中＂matters small and large＂就是＂all/different/varius＂的事情。
75. heart/cre 同义句转换。根据第三段第二句＂ helps me dig int the cre and understand its meaning＂可知网络能让我们找到事物的核心并理解其真正含义。故短语＂the cre/heart f the matter＂和原文中＂dig int the cre＂语义一致。
76. check 同义词转换。根据第三段第四句＂If I have a ＂ new idea,＂ I nw quickly lk t see whether smebdy else has already thught f it, r smething similar—and I then cmpare what I think with what thers have thught.＂可知当我们有了新的观点以后，我们会上网检查核对别人是否已经有了同样的观点，并对自己的行动做出判断。表格中check与原文语义一致。
77. judge 归纳总结。根据第三段最后一句＂Mrever, I can find ut whether my reactins t an event are reasnable enugh by reading abut thse f thers n the Internet.＂可知在网络上阅读其他人的信息，让我判断我的行为是否合理，所以表格里使用动词judge。
78. mixed/tw 归纳总结。在文章最后两段中既提到了智能手机的优点也提到了其缺点。所以这是智能手机的正反两方面内容，所以使用形容词＂mixed/tw＂。
79. cnvenient 同义句转换。根据第四段后两句I nw regularly pull ut my phne t check a fact, watch a vide, read weib. Such activities fill the spaces that used t be dead time (such as waiting fr smebdy t arrive fr a lunch meeting).可知我们可以使用智能手机随时查信息，看视频，读微博，使用起来非常方便。所以使用形容词＂cnvenient＂。
80. reduce 句意转换。根据文章最后两句＂The dwnside is that in thse dead perids I ften wuld let my thughts flw and smetimes wuld have an unexpected insight r idea. Thse pprtunities are nw fewer and farther between.＂在过去那些＂dead perids＂时，我总会有一些灵光一现的神来之念，但是现在这些时间都被智能手机占用了。无疑就减少了这些神来之念的可能性。所以表格中使用＂reduce the pssibility＂。
Writing 2
【2016年江苏卷】In recent years, internet vting has becme increasingly ppular in China. Peple nt nly cast n-line vtes themselves, but als urge thers t vte fr cmpetitins like the "Mst Beautiful Teacher" and the "Cutest Baby".
Li Jiang, a high schl student, is invited t vte in the "Best Plice Officer" cmpetitin, rganized by the lcal gvernment t let the public have a better understanding f plice fficers’ daily wrk. Li Jiang visits the website and reads all the stries. He is deeply mved by their glrius deeds. He is already thinking f becming a pliceman himself in the future.
Su Hua is invited by his uncle t vte fr his cusin in the "Future Singer" cmpetitin. He has already received three similar invitatins this week. His uncle tells him that if his cusin wins the cmpetitin, the family will win an verseas tur fr free. Su Hua likes his cusin very much, but he finds ther singers perfrm even better. T vte, r nt t vte? This is a questin that trubles him very much.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要；
2. 用约120个单词阐述你对网络投票的看法，并用2~3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
【答案】
Pssible versin ne:
On-line vting becmes increasingly ppular, and many cmpetitins get peple invlved in it. It is beneficial t sme peple, while it puts thers int a dilemma ver whether t vte r nt.
In my pinin, n-line vting is an inseparable part f mdern life and shuld be welcmed, since it is n mre than a way t participate in public life. It makes n difference frm rdinary vting events, in which candidates g arund t seek supprts. In additin, the Internet makes surveying and vting easy and cnvenient, regardless f time and space. Furthermre, vting n the Internet makes instant feedback pssible.
T be hnest, vters smetimes feel annyed, nt because they hate vting, but because they are divided between emtin and fairness. Things will turn fr the better if we can wrk ut sme participatin rules fr peple t bey. Therefre, I hld a psitive attitude twards n- line vting.
(150 wrds)
Pssible versin tw:
Internet vting is quite ppular nwadays. Many peple are smewhat puzzled at the negative side f the vting, althugh sme are quite happy with it, and active in ding it.
In my pinin, Internet vting has begun t shw its negative impacts n peple and sciety. Firstly, peple may feel frced when asked t d things that they dn’t want t. Secndly, vting f this kind des nt depend n the strng pints f the cmpetitrs, but rather n hw many scial-netwrking resurces they have. Thirdly, the vters r even the cmpetitrs in many cases are pssibly taken advantage f by the rganizers fr cmmercial purpses.
In shrt, Internet vting, t sme extent, is unfair, if nt immral, and cannt be trusted. Therefre, rules shuld be wrked ut and strictly bserved. Everyne in ur sciety shuld help thse in need, but it is mre imprtant t be sincere and earnest.
(150 wrds)
【解析】
试题分析：此类作文对考生的能力要求极高。首先考生要以30字概述短文内容。接下来就网络投票发表个人看法并提出理由和根据。文章要使用第三人称和一般现在时为主的时态。要点：
1.概述：网络投票越来越流行，几乎人人都参与了网络投票，在给人们带来好处的同时，有时候也让人进退两难不知道是否应该参加这样的投票。
2.支持：网络投票和生活密切相关，我们应该积极参与。理由及依据：（1）它是一种社会生活的方式；网络投票方便容易，不受时间和地点的束缚，同时网络投票的反馈迅速可靠；（2）虽然有时候网络投票也会给我们带来困扰，但如果有更好的参与规则，网络投票会更加规范合理。
3.反对：网络投票会给人带来负面影响：（1）人们会因为网络投票而产生被迫的感觉；（2）网络投票结果并不客观；（3）网络投票可能会被故意利用。建议考生在写作概述时
Writing 3
【2016年上海卷】 Walking will be banned n escalatrs as part f a trail designed t reduce cngestin(拥堵) at sme f the cuntry’s busiest statins.
In the first mve f its kind, all travelers will be frced t stand n bth sides f escalatrs n the Lndn Undergrund as part f a plan t increase capacity(容量) at the height f the rush hur.
A six-mnth trial will be intrduced at Hlbrn statin frm mid-April, eliminating the rule f standing n the right and walking n the left. The mve, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hng Kng, is designed t increase the number f peple using lng escalatrs at the busiest times . It culd be expanded acrss the Tube netwrk in cming years.
Accrding t Lndn Undergrund, nly 40 percent f travelers walk the full length f lng escalatrs, leaving the majrity at the bttm as they wait t get n t the ＂standing ＂side.
A three-week trial at Hlbrn last year fund that the number f peple using escalatrs at any time f culd be raised by almst a third. Peter McNaught, peratins directr at Lndn Undergrund, said: ＂It may nt seem right that yu can g quicker by standing still, but ur experiments at Hlbrn have prved that it can be true. This new six-mnth trial will help us find ut if we can influence custmers t stand n bth sides in the lng term.＂
Hlbrn has ne f the lngest sets f escalatrs n the Undergrund netwrk at 23.4 high. Tube bsses claim that capacity was limited because s few peple wanted t walk up—meaning nly ne side was used at all times. Research has shwn that it is mre effective use f escalatrs ver 18.5 t ban walking.
The previus trial fund that escalatrs at the statin nrmally carried 2,500 peple between 8:30am and 9:30am n a typical day, rising t 3,250 during the researching perid.
In the new trial, which will be launched frm April 18, ne f three ＂up＂ escalatrs will be standing nly, with a secnd banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix f walking and standing.
(Nte: Answering the questins r cmplete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)
78. What is the existing prblem with standing n the right and walking n the left?
79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Hlbrn statin prve?
80.The research suggests that walking shuld be frbidden n escalatrs that are at least _________ in height.
81. In the new trail, in additin t ne escalatr banning walking in rush hurs, the ther ＂up＂ escalatrs will be used fr_________________.
【答案】78.The capacity f escalatrs hasn’t been made full use f.
79. Passengers can g quicker by standing still.
80.18.5m
81.standing nly and a mix f walking and standing
【解析】试题分析：本文属于议论文，禁止人们在电子扶梯上走动，并让所有的乘客站在扶梯的两边，这种做法增加了电子扶梯的容量，文章就此内容展开讨论。
78.The capacity f escalatrs hasn’t been made full use f.
推理判断题。根据第二段In the first mve f its kind, all travelers will be frced t stand n bth sides f escalatrs n the Lndn Undergrund as part f a plan t increase capacity(容量) at the height f the rush hur.所有的游客将被迫站在电子扶梯的两边，以增加电子扶梯的载客量，减轻高峰期的交通压力。也就是说原来的方法并没有充分利用好电子扶梯的容量。
79. Passengers can g quicker by standing still.
细节理解题。根据第五段第一句A three-week trial at Hlbrn last year fund that the number f peple using escalatrs at any time f culd be raised by almst a third.可知在Hlbrn进行的为期的三周的测试发现乘客们不在电子扶梯上走来走去，实际上让使用电子扶梯的乘客的人数多了三分之一。
80.18.5m
细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句Research has shwn that it is mre effective use f escalatrs ver 18.5 t ban walking.可知静止乘客步行的电子扶梯最好的长度是超过18.5米。
81.standing nly and a mix f walking and standing
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段 In the new trial, which will be launched frm April 18, ne f three ＂up＂ escalatrs will be standing nly, with a secnd banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix f walking and standing.可知三个向上的电子扶梯中有一个在高峰期禁止行走，一个只能站立，第三个既可以站在上面也可以在上面步行。
Writing 4
阅读表达
【2016年天津卷】I’m a 34-year-ld man, married, lived in a nice huse, and have a successful career as an educatinal cnsultant. But my life was nt always s great. I had a learning disability frm an early age. I went t a special schl where I gt plenty f extra help. Still, I suffered the rest f my schl days in public schls.
My life imprved remarkably when I discvered art. The art wrld gave me a chance t express myself withut wrds. I went t a wrkshp and gradually gt gd at making things with clay(黏土). Here I learned my first imprtant lessn: disabled as I was in language, I culd still be smart and well express myself with clay. And my cnfidence came alng.
I gt my next lessn frm rck climbing. It was a fun thing but I was scared frm the start. I sn nticed it wasn’t a talent thing; it was practice. S I did it mre. After abut five years f climbing, I fund myself in Ysemite Valley n a big wall. I learned that if yu fall in lve with smething and d it all the time, yu will get better at it.
Later I decided t apply my previus experience t learning hw t read and write. Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used t avid as much as pssible. After tw hard years, I was literate.
Having gne thrugh the lng prcess with art, rck climbing, and reading and writing, nw I’ve gt t a pint in my life where I knw I am smart enugh t dive int an area that is ttally unknwn, hard, but interesting.
56. What made the authr’s schl days difficult? (N mre than 5 wrds)
57. Why did art give the authr cnfidence? (N mre than 10 wrds)
58. What lessn did the authr learn frm rck climbing? (N mre than 15 wrds)
59. What is the meaning f the underlined part in Paragraph 4? (N mre than 5 wrds)
60. Hw des the authr’s stry inspire yu t vercme difficulties in life? Put it in yur wn wrds. (N mre than 20 wrds)
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者小的时候有学习障碍，但是他不放弃，通过做黏土来表达自己，通过不断练习，自己学会了读书写字。
56. 【答案】（His）learning disability. Or: Having a learning disability.
Or: That he was learning disabled. Or: He had a learning disability.
【解析】试题分析：根据文章第一段的句子I had a learning disability frm an early age可知作者在学校的日子很难，因为他有学习障碍。
57. 【答案】He culd be smart and express himself with clay.
Or: Art culd help him express himself withut wrds.
Or: He culd well express himself with clay/art.
【解析】试题分析：根据文章第二段的句子disabled as I was in language, I culd still be smart and well express myself with clay可知艺术给了作者自信，因为艺术可以帮助他表达自己。
58. 【答案】If yu enjy smething and keep ding it, yu will get better at it.
Or: The mre yu practice smething, the better at it yu will becme.
Or: Practice makes perfect. Or: Practice leads t success.
【解析】试题分析：根据文章第三段的句子I sn nticed it wasn’t a talent thing; it was practice.可知作者从爬山学到如果你喜欢做一件事，就一直做，你会做得更好。
59. 【答案】I culd read and write.
【解析】试题分析：根据文章第四段的句子Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used t avid as much as pssible. After tw hard years, I was literate.可知，这句话的意思是：我会读书、写字。
60. 【答案】We shuld nt lse heart in face f difficulties. If we wrk hard, we will find a way ut.
Or: The authr’s stry tells me that I shuld be cnfident, practice hard and vercme difficulties in my life.
Or: We shuld vercme ur weaknesses and fears with curage and determinatin.
【解析】试题分析：根据文章的内容和最后一段的句子I’ve gt t a pint in my life where I knw I am smart enugh t dive int an area that is ttally unknwn, hard but interesting.可知, 从作者的故事中我们学到，面对失败我们不应该灰心。
2015年
Writing 1
【2015年安徽卷】阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
Pup a grup f strangers in a rm tgether, and they’ll prbably start a cnversatin. "Ht tday, isn’t it?" ne might say. "Yu said it," anther replies.
Why d we talk s much abut the weather? When we meet new peple, we dn’t begin by telling them ur life stry. We start with small talk, a plite cnversatin abut smething like traffic r weather.
Research suggests that small talk can build new friendships. When we begin cnversatins with new peple, we want t feel cmfrtable, and s d they. We use small talk t find cmmn interests. Once we have a cmmn interest, a friendship can begin.
Small talk even helps peple get hired. In rder t impress at a jb interview, yu need t bnd with the interviewer right away. Prper small talk can make that first impressin get yu the jb.
S, hw can yu make small talk lead t a new friendship r jb? First ff, find cmmn grund. Select smething arund yu that yu share with the ther persn.
Next, keep the cnversatin ging. Cmpliment (赞美) the ther persn t make him r her feel cmfrtable, and ask questins t shw interest.
Third, keep eye cntact (接触). When yu lk peple in the eye, they feel yu appreciate what they are saying. It makes yu appear hnest and builds trust.
Naturally, shy peple might nt have enugh cnfidence t start up cnversatins with strangers. Talking t smene yu dn’t knw is nt the easiest thing t d! Sme experts say with mre practice, small talk des get easier.
Sme peple avid small talk because they dislike discussing things like traffic r weather. Fr them, they are just t small. Hwever, when yu think abut it, small talk is anything but small. In fact, it is actually a very big deal!
【答案】76. Deal 77. first 78. Advantages/Benefits 79. new 80. jb/psitin/pst
81. shared 82. asking/rasing 83. trust 84. Practice/Practise 85. matters/means
78. Advantages/Benefits 根据第三段可知，简短的谈话可以帮助人们建立友谊，帮助人们找到工作，说明这里说的是好处或优点。
79. new 根据第三段“Research suggests that small talk can build new friendships.”可知答案。
80. jb/psitin/pst 根据第四段“Prper small talk can make that first impressin get yu the jb.”可知答案。
81. shared 根据第五段“Select smething arund yu that yu share with the ther persn.”可知答案，这里用过去分词作后置定语。
82. asking/rasing 根据第六段“and ask questins t shw interest”可知，通过提问问题来表示自己感兴趣，by后跟动名词。
83. trust 根据第七段“It makes yu appear hnest and builds trust.”可知，眼神接触能使人显得真诚，并在双方之间建立起信任。
84. Practice/Practise 根据倒数第二段“Sme experts say with mre practice, small talk des get easier.”可知，简短对话经过多加练习之后就会变得容易。
85. matters/means 根据最后一段“small talk is anything but small. In fact, it is actually a very big deal!”可知，简短对话不容小觑，事实上，简短对话很重要。matter重要，相当于cunt。mean a lt t sb对某人来说意义重大。
Writing 2
【2015年广东卷】请阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。
首先阅读下列活动介绍：
请根据以下人物介绍选择他们可能参加的活动：
46.Edward Lenard Nrtn, cnnisseur f Chinese and Japanese antiques. He has a strng interest in classical Chinese literary wrks. He even starts ging t evening classes t learn classical Chinese at Clumbia University.
47.Daphne Sui-yuan Tan, frmer directr f Natinal Assciatin f Phtgraphers. After reading sme histry bks n hw the first grup f Chinese immigrants survived in America f the 19th century, she has becme keen n her wn family histry and that f thers.
48.Sharn Cllins, pp singer and amateur phtgrapher. Her marriage with a serius music critic has drawn her t his wrld, s she is nw crazy abut classical music and will nt miss any chance t attend a cncert with her husband.
49.Michelle Higgins, eminent phtgrapher and clumnist fr quite a few internatinally-knwn travel magazines. Recently, she has shwn great interest in pht exhibits which feature yung artists with Islamic r Chinese backgrund.
50.Carline Hug, famus writer and influential mvie critic. Last year her fantasy stry which invlved the mysterius Frbidden City received critical acclaim. Nw she is cnceiving a rmance that has Shanghai f the 1930s as the setting.
【解析】
46. F根据Edward Lenard Nrtn 对于中国的古典文学作品感兴趣，并且去上夜校来学习古典汉语。选项F叙述的是Kunqu Sciety是中国古典的戏院，把唱歌、跳舞和中国文学作品联系起来。这正符合Edward Lenard Nrtn的要求，故选F。
49. D根据Michelle Higgins对于摄影展非常感兴趣。选项D叙述的是一次摄影展在4月24日在纽约举行，这正符合Edward Lenard Nrtn的要求，故选D。
50. E根据Carline Hug写过关于紫禁城一个故事，选项E叙述的是Frbidden Delights要讨论关于紫禁城的城市。
Writing 3
【2015年广东卷】阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
On the first day f her wrk, Sally fund that a class full f prblems was waiting fr her. Six teachers had quit befre her. When she walked int the classrm, it was chas: tw bys were fighting in the far crner, yet the rest f the class seemed nt t ntice them; sme girls were chatting and sme were running abut; paper, fd packages and ther garbage were littered arund... Just when she was abut t speak, a student rushed in and pushed her aside! He was twenty minutes late!
Sally walked nt the platfrm, picked up a piece f chalk and wrte n the blackbard: "Rule 1: We are family!" All students stpped t lk at her. And she cntinued with Rule 2,Rule the fllwing weeks, Sally wrked ut 10 class rules and psted them n the walls f the classrm. She patiently explained all the rules t the students and required everyne t fllw them.
Surprisingly, Sally was nt driven ut like the frmer teachers; instead, she wn respect frm the students. Over the year, she witnessed gradual changes in the class. At the graduatin ceremny, just as she expected, she was very prud t stand with a class f care, manners and cnfidence.
[写作内容]
1.用约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
2.用约120个词就班规谈谈你的想法，内容包括：
(1)你们班最突出的问题是什么?[来源:学。科。网]
(2)针对该问题你会设计一条什么班规?
(3)你认为该班规会带来什么影响?
[写作要求]
1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文的句子。
2.作文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
【答案】
第一节DNA Detectin
We can use saliva sample t detect whether peple have majr illnesses, predict whether peple are particular abut fd and remind peple t take prper exercise. Peple shuld pay 125 punds fr it. It takes fur t six weeks t finish the reprt. After detectin we can realize we shuld strengthen ur bdies. It may cause t many wrries.
第二节
Sally was a teacher. wh taught sme students full f prblems. The students didn’t fllw the schl rules. Therefre, she made the rules fr them. Later they made great prgress.
In ur class ,sme students dn’t wrk hard and ften fight with each ther. I will tell them sme stries abut hard-wrking peple.I will make a study plan t encurage them t study wrk. I put up sme sayings n the walls t remind them t d s.I will explain t them that studying hard is very imprtant. They aren’t allwed t fight at schl.In this way, students have a gd habit. Mst f the students fllw the schl rules and study wrk. They will respect teachers and ther classmates. They will have gd manners and cnfidence. Later they will get better grades.
【解析】
试题分析：对于基础写作用5个句子概括医疗新技术，要求必须用上所有的要点，不能遗漏。对于概括短文大意，要抓住要点。叙述自己的班级情况时：1.仔细阅读有关提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息。2.根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态；就本文而言应该用一般现在时态及一般将来时。 3.注意使用高级词汇和句式，以增加文章的亮点。
【亮点说明】本文结构紧凑，层次分明，而且使用了多种句式和结构。比如I will explain t them that studying hard is very imprtant运用了宾语从句，以及Sally was a teacher.wh taught sme students full f prblems.定语从句。副词Therefre的使用使文章内容更具有层次感，也使语言更加连贯。
Writing 4
【2015年湖南卷】 Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the infrmatin frm the passage
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS fr each answer.
Nt all print dictinaries are the same, as yu will ntice when yu select ne. T make a wise selectin, yu shuld knw hw t distinguish amng three kinds f print dictinaries: pcket, desk, and unabridged. Yu shuld als knw the date f yur dictinary, and check its special features.
A pcket dictinary is small. Generally, it cntains n mre than 75,000 entries, making it handy t carry t class and efficient t use. Hwever, a pcket dictinary desn’t cntain enugh entries t be adequate fr cllege reference hmewrk. In additin, the infrmatin abut each wrd in a pcket dictinary is generally limited. A desk dictinary is medium-sized, generally cntaining ver 170,000 entries as well as extra features. Fr cllege wrk yu shuld wn a current desk dictinary. An unabridged dictinary is a cmplete dictinary. Abridged dictinaries, such as pcket and desk dictinaries, are shrtened. Because unabridged dictinaries cntain nearly all English wrds, they are large and heavy. They are ften used by schls and libraries.
If the date f yur current dictinary shws that it was published five r mre years ag, cnsider investing in a mre recent editin. English is a dynamic language that admits new wrds and recgnizes changes in meaning, spelling, and usage f familiar wrds. This is reflected in an up-t-date dictinary.
In selecting a dictinary, check the features it ffers besides vcabulary definitins. Many editins cntain signs, symbls and freign wrds. Sme als cntain CD-ROMs and access t special nline features.
【答案】71．Select 72．Inadequate 73．wrd infrmatin 74．desk dictinary 75．extra features
76．large and heavy 77．schls and libraries 78．admitting new wrds 79．Cheek 80．access t
【解析】试题分析：本文讲述了三种字典的类型，旨在告诉读者如何根据需要去选择字典。
71．Select; 本文讲述了三种字典的类型，旨在告诉读者如何根据需要去选择字典。故填Select.
72．inadequate;根据第二段中的第三句话：Hwever, a pcket dictinary desn’t cntain enugh entries t be adequate fr cllege reference hmewrk.可知作者认为口袋字典不能用来作为写家庭作业的参考。不能够胜任: inadequate fr…。故填inadequate
73．wrd infrmatin;根据第二段的第四句话：the infrmatin abut each wrd in a pcket dictinary is generally limited可知口袋字典里每个单词的意思是有限的。故填wrd infrmatin
77．schls and libraries;根据第二段的最后一句话：They are ften used by schls and libraries. 可知unabridged dictinaries适用于学校和图书馆。故填schls and librarie
78．admitting new wrds;根据第三段的第二句话:可知英语是一种动态的语言，所以字典也应该及时地更新，允许心的单词加入。故填admitting new wrds
79．check;根据第四段的第一句话：In selecting a dictinary ,check the features it ffers besides vcabulary definitins.可知题目中最后一个方框里的三条信息所讲的是选择字典时要检查词汇意外的特点，故填check
80．access t;根据全篇章的最后一句话：Sme als cntain CD-ROMS and access t special nline features.可知，故填access t
Writing 5
【2015年湖南卷】Walk Out f the Cmfrt Zne and Try New Things
Fr mst high schl students, free perids are useless. Frm what I have seen, few d hmewrk; instead many are n their phnes and talking, making it impssible fr thse wh actually want t d wrk t cmplete any. As a senir next year, I think extra perids shuld be used t take ptinal subjects.
Our schl ffers many classes. Nw is the time t experiment in different fields f study. We will never knw if we are interested r talented in a subject if we dn’t try it.
In my 8th grade, I was tld that I had t take an art class as a graduatin requirement; s in the 9th grade I tk Studi and Art. One f the prjects was t build a clay pt, but I built mine incrrectly, s it brke in the kiln (窑). I fund ut that I have n artistic ability at all, and nw I knw fr sure that I d nt want t be an artist. Hwever, the class was ne f my favrites that year. I was able t try new activities and test my ability.
Walk ut f ur cmfrt zne and try new things! Cllege is when we shuld fcus n a specific majr, but high schl is when we have t figure it ut.
Half f all cllege students change their majr at sme pint. By ding that hundreds f dllars are wasted n classes that they wuld have never needed t take. S use ur extra perids t find ut what we want t d in cllege. The classes we chse can impact us in the future. Taking ptinal subjects will enrich ur mind. It will als shw clleges we are diverse students.
81. Hw shuld we use ur extra perids in the authr’s pinin?(N mre than 9 wrds) (2 marks)

82. Why des the authr think we shuld experiment in different fields f study?(N mre than 17 wrds) (2 marks)

83. Why did the clay pt shw the authr’s lack f artistic ability?(N mre than 10 wrds) (3 marks)

84. Accrding t the authr, hw will taking ptinal subjects impact us in the future?(N mre than 13 wrds) (3 marks)

【答案】
81.We shuld use them t take ptinal subjects.
82.We will never knw if we are interested r talented in a subject withut trying it.
83.It was built incrrectly and brke in the kiln.
84.It will enrich ur mind and shw clleges we are diverse students.
82.We will never knw if we are interested r talented in a subject if we dn’t try it.根据第二段倒数第一句话和倒数第二句话：Nw is the time t experiment in different fields f study. We will never knw if we are interested r talented in a subject withut trying it.可知道答案，又因为字数有限，所以将we dn’t try it 改成withut trying it.故填We will never knw if we are interested r talented in a subject if we dn’t try it.
83.It was built incrrectly and brke in the kiln.根据第三段第二句话：One f the prjects were t build a clay pt, but I built mine incrrectly s it brke in the kiln.可知作者因为做错了陶罐导致它摔碎，从而得知自己没有艺术家的天分。故填It was built incrrectly and brke in the kiln.
84.It will enrich ur mind and shw clleges we are diverse students.根据最后一段的倒数两句话：The class we chse can impact us in the future. Taking ptinal subjects t will enrich ur mind. It will als shw clleges we are diverse students.可知去学选修课可以丰富我们的大脑，让我们成为一个多才多艺的大学生。故填It will enrich ur mind and shw clleges we are diverse students.
【考点定位】人生哲理类短文阅读。
【名师点睛】这种有关人生类的哲理性短文，夹叙夹议，一定程度上相当于记叙文。首先一定要理清作者的思路，根据作者的思路搞清楚他想表达自己一个什么样的思想以及他从自己的经历或叙事当中的体会是什么。比如第三段中的句子：One f the prjects was t build a clay pt, but I built mine incrrectly, s it brke in the kiln (窑). I fund ut that I have n artistic ability at all, and nw I knw fr sure that I d nt want t be an artist.可知作者本来是想做一个艺术家，但通过烧窑做黏土锅这件事发现自己并不适合当艺术家。以此来鼓励作者根据自己的兴趣做一些尝试，成功失败都不重要，在年轻时丰富自己的经历和大脑才是首要事情。
Writing 6
【2015年江苏卷】Peple select news in expectatin f a reward. This reward may be either f tw kinds. One is related t what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the ther t what he calls the Reality Principle. Fr want f better names, we shall call these tw classes immediatereward and delayed reward.
In general, the kind f news which may be expected t give immediate reward are news f crime and crruptin, accidents and disasters, sprts, scial events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected frm news f public affairs, ecnmic matters, scial prblems, science, educatin, and health.
News f the first kind pays its rewards at nce. A reader can enjy an indirect experience withut any f the dangers r stresses invlved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little stry f children r dgs.
News f the secnd kind, hwever, pays its rewards later. It smetimes requires the reader t tlerate unpleasantness r annyance — as, fr example, when he reads f the threatening freign situatin, the munting natinal debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce husing, and cancer. It has a kind f "threat value." It is read s that the reader may be infrmed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself int the wrld f surrunding reality t which he can adapt himself nly by hard wrk. When he selects news f the ther kind, he usually withdraws frm the wrld f threatening reality tward the dream wrld.
Fr any individual, f curse, the bundaries f these tw classes are nt stable. Fr example, a scilgist may read news f crime as a scial prblem, rather than fr its immediate reward. A cach may read a sprts stry fr its threat value: he may have t play that team next week. A plitician may read an accunt f his latest successful public meeting, nt fr its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an accunt f a party. In any given stry f crruptin r disaster, a thughtful reader may receive nt nly the immediate reward f indirect experience, but als the delayed reward f infrmatin and preparedness. Therefre, while the divisin f categries hlds in general, an individual’s tendency may transfer any stry frm ne kind f reading t anther, r divide the experience between the tw kinds f reward.
【答案】71．rewards/rewarded 72．Explanatins 73．Invlvement 74．Share 75．threat
76．Prepare 77．Withdraw 78．prfessin(s)/intentin 79．Adapt 80．depends
71．信息查找题。根据“Peple select news in expectatin f a reward. This reward may be either f tw kinds.”可知此处填rewards/rewarded“得到回报/被奖励”。
72．信息归纳题。文章二、三、四段是对“immediate reward（即时回报）”和“delayed reward（迟来的回报）”的解释。
73．信息转换题。根据第三段第二句“A reader can enjy an indirect experience withut any f the dangers r stresses invlved.”可知此处填invlvement“参与”。
76．信息转换题。根据第四段中“It is read s that the reader may be infrmed and prepared.”可知此处填prepare，与后面的介词fr搭配“为……做准备”。
77．信息查找题。根据第四段中“When he selects news f the ther kind, he usually withdraws frm the wrld f threatening reality tward the dream wrld.” 此处填withdraw “退出，离开”。
78．归纳概括题。根据最后一段中“Fr example, a scilgist may … A cach may …A plitician may …”可知读者对新闻故事的期待很大程度上受他们职业的影响。此处填prfessin(s)“职业”/intentin“意图，动机”。
79．信息查找题。根据第四段中“When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself int the wrld f surrunding reality t which he can adapt himself nly by hard wrk.”可知此处填adapt“使适应”。
80．归纳概括题。根据最后一段中“while the divisin f categries hlds in general, an individual’s tendency may transfer any stry frm ne kind f reading t anther, r divide the experience between the tw kinds f reward.”可知这一分类取决于读者个体。此处填depends，和后面的介词n搭配“取决于”。
Writing 7
【2015年江苏卷】
81.请阅读下面文字及图表,并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章.
[写作内容]
1. 用约 30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2. 结合上述信息，简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因；
3. 根据你的分析，从社会规范(rules and regulatins)和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不
少于两点)。
[写作要求]
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
[评分标准]
内容完整，语言规范,语篇连贯，词数适当。
【答案】
The traffic issue is a hard nut t crack. It nt nly affects ur everyday life, but may als threaten peple’s lives. The three selectins presented abve are typical examples.
Quite a few things give rise t the traffic prblem. In spite f the large-scale cnstructin f rads and highways, there is still much rm fr imprvement, because f the ever increasing number f cars these years. What’ s wrse, sme drivers, cyclists and pedestrians d nt think it vital t bey traffic rules.
In fact, traffic rules are part f the rules and regulatins clsely related t public rder. Withut them, peple culd nt enjy harmny r the cuntry wuld be in chas. But rules alne dn’t secure an rderly sciety. It is the peple wh bey the rules that matter. It is everybdy’s duty t bserve them t keep ur sciety in rder and ging n the right track. (150 wrds)
【亮点说明】范文严格按照“三步走”的格局，第一段用短短26字（不含标点）概括了所给材料，得益于使用了“nt nly…but als…”这一经典句型；第二段分析了导致交通问题的原因，使用了“give rise t, large-scale cnstructin f, the increasing number f, (be) vital t”等高级词汇，同时“what’s wrse”衔接词的恰当使用使该段条理清晰。第三段句型多样，变换使用了“Withut虚拟语气，it is…wh…强调句型，it is ne’s duty t d sth.”等句型，为文章增色不少。
【考点定位】考查“说明文类材料+图形+提纲类”作文。
Writing 8
【2015年四川卷】 阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题，请清楚问题后的词数要求。
It was a ht summer day that fund me running dwn the street with a dllar in my sweaty hand.The clser I gt t Sam & Je's Statinery Stre, the mre excited I was. After all, a dllar was a tidy sum fr an 11-year-ld by in 1961.
Out f breath, I swung pen the dr and gt a blast f cld air that instantly cled me ff. I was in a place f pure happiness. Sam & Je's had it all — bks, candy, tys, baseball cards，puzzles and games. I went directly t the bar and rdered a bttle f sda. There I sat, cnsidering my next mve.
Bks always came first. I picked ut five titles. Next came the candy, rws and rws f it. I chse five candy bars, which brught my ttal t 75 cents. Then a bttle f cld range juice, a bag f chips and a pack f Ted Williams baseball cards. After paying the clerk, I still had 5 cents.
I hurried directly t my backyard, where an apple tree patiently waited fr me. There, sitting in the shade against its strng trunk, I read my bks, ate my candy and drank my range juice.
As I sat in my wn persnal heaven，I started thinking abut having mre. That's when a fantastic life-changing idea ppped int my head: If I culd get mre mney, I culd buy mre bks I liked, buy anything l wanted. That's hw it all started.
56. Hw did the by feel n his way t Sam & Je’s?(n mre than 5 wrds)
57. What des “a tidy sum” mean in Paragraph 1?(n mre than 5 wrds)
58. What did the by cnsider ding first after he rdered sda?(n mre than 5 wrds)
59. What did the by d while reading?(n mre than 5 wrds)
60. Where was the by’s “persnal heaven”?(n mre than 9 wrds)
【答案】56.He felt excited. 57.Much/A lt f /A great amunt f mney 58.He cnsidered buying bks.
59.He ate and drank. 60.It was under the apple tree in the backyard.
【解析】56.He felt excited.根据第一段的The clser I gt t Sam & Je's Statinery Stre, the mre excited I was可知，回答He felt excited.
59.He ate and drank. 根据倒数第二段的I read my bks, ate my candy and drank my range juice.可知回答He ate and drank.
60.It was under the apple tree in the backyard. 根据上文的I hurried directly t my backyard, where an apple tree patiently waited fr me. There, sitting in the shade against its strng trunk,可知，作者的天堂就是后院的苹果树下。
Writing 9
【2015年天津卷】阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Six days a week, up and dwn the red hills f nrtheast Gergia, my grandfather brught the mail t the flks there. At age 68, he retired frm the pst ffice, but he never stpped serving the cmmunity.
On his 80th birthday, I sent him a letter, nting the things we all shuld be thankful fr — gd health, gd friends and gd utcmes. By mst measurements he was a happy man. Then I suggested it was time fr him t slw dwn. At lng last, in a cmfrtable hme, with a generus pensin, he shuld learn t take things easy.
“Thank yu fr yur nice wrds,” he wrte in his letter back, “and I knw what yu meant, but slwing dwn scares me. Life isn’t having it made; it’s getting it made.”
“The finest and happiest years f ur lives were nt when all the debts were paid, and all difficult experiences had passed, and we had settled int a cmfrtable hme. N. I g back years ag, when we lived in a three-rm huse, when we gt up befre daylight and wrked till after dark t make ends meet. I rarely had mre than fur hurs f sleep. But what I still can’t figure ut is why I never gt tired, never felt better in my life. I guess the answer is, we were fighting fr survival, prtecting and prviding fr thse we lved. What matters are nt the great mments, but the partial victries, the waiting, and even the defeats. It’s the jurney, nt the arrival, that cunts.”
The letter ended with a persnal request: “By, n my next birthday, just tell me t wake up and get ging, because I will have ne less year t d things — and there are ten millin things waiting t be dne.”
Christina Rssetti, an English pet, nce said: “Des the rad wind uphill all the way? Yes, t the very end.” Tday, at 96, my grandfather is still n that lng rad, climbing.
56. What was the authr’s grandfather befre he retired? (n mre than 5 wrds)
57. What did the authr advise his grandfather t d in his letter? (n mre than 10 wrds)
58. What is the grandfather’s view n life accrding t his letter back? (n mre than 10 wrds)
59. Hw d yu understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (n mre than 10 wrds)
60. D yu agree with the grandfather’s view n life? Give reasns in yur wn wrds, (n mre than 20 wrds)
【答案】
56. He was a pstman. Or: He wrked in a pst-ffice.
57. He advised him t slw dwn (and take things easy). / He advised he/his grandfather (shuld) slw dwn.
58. The prcess is mre imprtant than the result.
Or: A man shuld nt slw dwn hwever ld he is.
Or: Life isn't having it made; it's getting it made. / It's the jurney, nt the arrival that cunts.
59. My/His/The grandfather is still busy ding meaningful things.
Or: The grandfather is still living an active life.
Or: The grandfather is still invlved in whatever he can d.
60. Yes. One shuld always be full f passin in his life n matter hw ld he is.
Or: Peple shuld make full use f their time t d smething meaningful
N. It is mre sensible fr peple t slw dwn and enjy an easy life in their ld age.
Or: Slwing dwn cntributes t better health and lnger life fr peple in ld age.
58. 细节归纳题。根据文章第四段It’s the jurney, nt the arrival, that cunts等内容可以归纳出答案。
59. 句意猜测题。根据上文的内容可以推测出，他爷爷仍然在忙于做有意义的事情。
60. 开放题。首先要回答同意不同意他爷爷的生活观，并且陈述自己的理由。
【考点定位】阅读表达。
2014年
Writing 1
【2014年广东卷】阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息，请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。
首先请阅读某大学提供给学生的项目信息：
46. I grw up in a very big family. My parents have raised twelve kids and I am their first-brn. It has been my duty t help my mm take care f my brthers and sisters. T handle them, ften I have t rganize an utdr activity, like a sftball game. I must say that I have the ptential t wrk as an instructr.
47. Last year, my dg gt crippled after lsing the fight t my neighbr’s bulldg. I rinsed its wund with sme ltin and tied its leg with a stick. I had him take medicine every day fr a full mnth. Finally he recvered. I think I can help the elderly and the disabled as well. I feel s gd when I can ffer help.
48. I am a film buff. A big fan f Antni Banderas. He is s wild and charming. Because f him, I fell in lve with Spain. The Latin dance and the bullfight are really exciting. Oh, if nly I culd stay in Spain as an exchange student! I wuld be learning Spanish s well that I can watch a Spanish film with the dubbing.
49. I had the experience f wrking as a scial wrker in Switzerland last summer. I lve the cuntry and its peple. There are great muntains fr climbers and the lcal peple are s nice t strangers. I helped the kids with their English. My teaching skills imprved greatly during my stay. Nw I’m well prepared t wrk as a language instructr.
50. I spent my gap year traveling all ver Africa last year. It was definitely an eye- pening experience. The extic clthes and tribal dances f the peple really fascinated me. But I was mst amazed by the wildlife there. I really tk great pleasure in watching thse animals hunting their prey. Yu knw, I specialize in zlgy, and I’m a gd bserver.
Writing 2
【2014年广东卷】阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Osela McCarty spent mre than 75 years washing and irning ther peple’s clthes. As a laundrywman, she was paid nly a few dllars each time. Certainly nbdy wuld cnsider her rich, s they were all amazed when Miss McCarty decided t dnate $ 150,000 t the University f Suthern Mississippi.
The mney was all my savings. She culd save such a large amunt f mney because she lived a very simple life. She never learned t drive, and when she wanted t g smewhere, she just walked. She never flew t anywhere till the dnatin（捐助），and in 50 years she had been ut f the Suth nly nce. The huse in which she lived was als a rather mdest ne her last uncle left her. Only after she became knwn in America did she begin t travel all ver the cuntry. Since then, she had been the subject f many interviews and articles and was even invited t the White Huse.
Her dnatin was fr students wh clearly needed financial help. She herself left schl in the sixth grade and had never married r had children. She said t the reprters that the idea f helping smebdy’s child g t cllege gave her much pleasure.
[写作内容]
用约30个词概括上文的主要内容。
用约120个词就Miss McCarty的捐助谈谈你的想法，内容包括：
你如何看待她的捐助行为；
你认为她的捐助对受惠学生有哪些影响；
如果你自己要捐助，你会选择哪个群体并陈述理由。
[写作要求]
作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文的句子。
作文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
T bring as many angel-like smiles as pssible t ur sciety,we shuld practice mre beneficial perfrmance by
Writing 3
【2014年安徽卷】阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
Many peple believe that classical music is nt relevant music is nt relevant t yung peple tday. Hwever, this issue (问题) frequently causes heated debate.
Sme peple say that classical music is assciated nly with ld peple .Fr example, if yu lk at the audience at a classical cncert, the majrity is ver the age f fifty.
Others say it is mre ppular than we first imagine. Many yung peple listen t classical music withut realising. It is ften used in films and advertisements. Fr example, a famus piece f classical music was used as the theme music fr the 1990 Wrld Cup. Nt many peple culd have given its name, but millins enjyed it.
Als, sme peple pint ut that yung peple prduce new music based n classical ideas: fr example, it is said that rap(说唱)music was invented by a classical musician in 1912, but it is nw used by yung peple in pp music.
Hwever, yung peple pint t the fact that classical music has been utstripped(超越) by technlgy. T play a classical instrument, such as a vilin, yu need t study hard and practise fr hurs. Nwadays, yu dn’t need t get aching arms frm practising. A teenager can write and make music using a cmputer prgram in the cmfrt f their wn bedrm.
A final pint t in mind is that the term "classical music" is used t refer t a great variety f music, frm jazz t pieces fr large rchestras(管弦乐队). This makes it even mre difficult t say whether classical music is relevant t yung peple.
S, it may be nly a minrity f yung peple wh play classical instruments, but when it cmes t enjying classical music, it depends n the piece f music. It may be mre relevant t yung peple in the mdern wrld than they realise!
试题分析:文章介绍是否年轻人喜欢古典音乐的讨论，列出了不同的观点和证明这些观点的证据
76.原词重现题:根据文章第一段的句子: Many peple believe that classical music is nt relevant music is ntrelevant t yung peple tday.可知这篇文章讲的是古典音乐是否和年轻人有关的问题,填形容词 relevant“相关的”。
77.词义转化题:根据文章第二段的向子:if yu lk at the audience at classical cncert , the majrity is ver theage ffifty可知听音乐会的大部分人都是 50 岁以上的人。The majrity 要改成 Mst f。
78.词性转化题：根据第三段的句子：Many yung peple listen t classical music withut realising .可知很多人听古典音乐却没有意识到这个是古典音乐。文章里面的realizing，在题目中需要谓语，所以填realize（realize）/knw/recgnise(recgnize)
79.词性转化题：根据第四段的句子：Als,sme peple pint ut that yung peple prduce new music based n classical ideas:可知人们创作新的音乐是以古典音乐为基础的，这里需要base的名词：basis。
80.词性转化题：根据第四段的句子：it is said that rap(说唱)music was invented by a classical musician in 1912, but it is nw used by yung peple in pp music.可知人们在流行音乐中使用rap，文章里面是被动含义，题目中用主动，填use。
81.原词重现题：根据第五段的句子：Hwever, yung peple pint t the fact that classical music has been utstripped(超越) by technlgy.可知科技超越了古典音乐，填Technlgy
82.词性转化题：根据第五段的句子：Nwadays, yu dn't need t get aching arms frm practising. A teenager can write and make music using a cmputer prgram in the cmfrt f their wn bedrm可知年轻人可以舒服的在卧室里面用电脑程序做音乐，这里用副词cmfrtably修饰动词make music。
83.句意理解题：根据第六段的句子：A final pint t in mind is that the term "classical music" is used t refer t a great variety f music, frm jazz t pieces fr large rchestras(管弦乐队).可知古典音乐可以被用来指各种各样的音乐。文章中的a great variety f=varius kinds/ types/srts f.
Writing 4
【2014年湖南卷】Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the infrmatin frm the passage.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS fr each answer.
Many f us invest valuable time，energy and mney planning ur vacatins. We d this because we knw fr sure that ging n vacatins must be gd fr us. Research prves this feeling withut a dubt. Vacatins help us perfrm better at wrk, imprve ur sleep quality and cushin us against depressin.
Yet, despite these benefits, many f us return hme with a feeling that ur last vacatin was OK - but nt great. In rder t change this, sme mistakes shuld be avided. A classic ne fr vacatin planners is attempting t maximize value fr mney by planning trips that have t many cmpnents (组成部分)• Perhaps yu’re planning a trip t Eurpe, seven cities in 10 days，and yu realize it will cst nly a little mre t add tw mre destinatins t the list Sunds fine in thery, but hpping frm ne place t the next hardly gives an pprtunity t experience what psychlgists call mindfulness - time t take in ur new surrundings, time t be present and absrb ur travel experiences. Anther mistake is that we wrry t much abut strategic issues such as hw t find a gd flight deal，hw t get frm A t B，r which destinatins t add r subtract frm ur jurney. These issues may seem imprtant, but ur psychlgical state f mind is far mre imprtant.
Actually, vacatin happiness is based n the fllwing tp rules. First, chse yur travel cmpanins wisely, because nthing cntributes mre significantly t a trip than the right cmpanins. Secnd，dn’t spend yur vacatin time in a place where everything is t expensive s as t maintain a psitive md. Third, shp wisely, fr meaningful experiences prvide mre lng-term happiness than physical pssessins.
【答案】71.Vacatins 72.perfrmance 73.quality f sleep 74.attempt 75.wrry
76.gd flight deal 77.adding 78.rules 79.chice 80.shpping wisely
73.quality f sleep。词义归纳。根据第一段中的最后一句Vacatins help us perfrm better at wrk, imprve ur sleep quality and cushin us against depressin.可以归纳出答案。
74.attempt。词性转换。根据第二段中的A classic ne fr vacatin planners is attempting t maximize value fr mney by planning trips that have t many cmpnents (组成部分).可以归纳出答案，原句的动词转换为名词。
75.wrry。原词再现。根据文中第二段中Anther mistake is that we wrry t much abut strategic issues可以归纳出答案。
79.chice。词性转换。根据第三段中的First, chse yur travel cmpanins wisely, because nthing cntributes mre significantly t a trip than the right cmpanins.中有动词chse转换为词组make a chice。
80.shpping wisely。词性转换。根据最后三段中Third, shp wisely, fr meaningful experiences prvide mre lng-term happiness than physical pssessins.由shp wisely转换为shpping wisely。
考点：考查学生对信息的归纳。
Writing 5
【2014年湖南卷】
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Answer the questins accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage.
Kids and Pnds
Years ag there was a grup f kids wh wuld hang arund at sme lcal pnds in the wds near their huses in Warwick, Rhde Island. In summer they caught frgs and fish. When winter arrived they culdn’t wait t g skating. Time passed, and the pnds became the nly pen space fr the kids t enjy themselves in that neighbrhd.
One day. a thirteen-year-ld by frm this grup f kids read in the lcal newspaper that a develper wanted t fill in the pnds and build ver a hundred small huses called cndminiums. S the by went dr t dr and gathered mre than tw hundred signatures (签名）t stp the develpment A grup f citizens met and decided t supprt him.
At the meeting f the twn planning bard (委员会)，the by was quite nervus at first and spke very sftly. But when he saw the faces f his friends and neighbrs in the crwd and thught abut what was happening t their favrite pnds，his vice grew luder. He tld the twn fficials that they shuld speak fr the citizens. He als insisted that they shuld leave enugh space fr children. A few days later，the develper stpped his plan.
Nine years later, when that teen was a senir in cllege, he was infrmed that the develper was back with his prpsal t build cndminiums. Nw twenty-tw years ld, he was studying wetlands eclgy. He again appeared befre the twn planning bard. This time as an expert witness, he used envirnmental prtectin laws t explain restrictins n develpment in and arund wetlands and the knwledge f wetlands eclgy t help imprve the develpment. Finally sme cndminiums were built, but less than half the number the develper wanted. The pnds where thse kids used t hang arund were prtected by a strip f natural land，and are still there tday.
81.What did the kids like t d at the lcal pnds in winter?
(N mre than 6 wrds) (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
82.Hw did the by win the citizens’ supprt?
(N mre than 10 wrds) (2 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
83.What did the by tell the twn fficials?
(N mre than 16 wrds) (3 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
84.What helped the by t prtect the pnds successfully nine years later?
(N mre than 12 wrds) (3 marks)
_______________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
81.They liked t g skating.
82.He went dr t dr and gathered their signatures.
83.He tld them they shuld speak fr the citizens and leave enugh space fr children.
84.Envirnment prtectin laws and knwledge f wetlands eclgy helped him.
82.考查细节归纳。根据文章第二段S the by went dr t dr and gathered mre than tw hundred signatures (签名）t stp the develpment可以归纳出答案。
83.考查细节归纳。根据文章三段中的He tld the twn fficials that they shuld speak fr the citizens. He als insisted that they shuld leave enugh space fr children.故可以归纳出答案，注意词数的限制。
84.考查细节归纳。根据文章第四段This time as an expert witness, he used envirnmental prtectin laws t explain restrictins n develpment in and arund wetlands and the knwledge f wetlands eclgy t help imprve the develpment.可以归纳出答案，注意词数的限制。
考点：考查记叙文阅读
Writing 6
【2014年江苏卷】The expressin, “everybdy’s ding it,” is very much at the center f the cncept f peer pressure. It is a strng influence f a grup, especially f children, n members f that grup t behave as everybdy else des. It can be psitive r negative. Mst peple experience it in sme way during their lives.
Peple are scial creatures by nature, and s it is hardly surprising that part f their self-respect cmes frm the apprval f thers. This instinct (天性) is why the apprval f peers, r the fear f disapprval, is such a pwerful frce in many peple’s lives. It is the same instinct that drives peple t dress ne way at hme and anther way at wrk, r t answer “fine” when a stranger asks “hw are yu?” even if it is nt necessarily true. There is a practical aspect t this: it helps sciety t functin efficiently, and encurages a general level f self-discipline that simplifies day-t-day interactin.
Fr certain individuals, seeking scial acceptance is s imprtant that it becmes like an addictin; in rder t satisfy the desire, they may g s far as t abandn their sense f right and wrng. Teens and yung adults may feel frced t use drugs, r jin gangs that encurage criminal behavir. Mature adults may smetimes feel pressured t cver up illegal activity at the cmpany where they wrk, r end up in debt because they are unable t hld back the desire t buy a huse r car that they can’t affrd in an effrt t “keep up with the Jneses.”
Hwever, peer pressure is nt always negative. A student whse friends are gd at academics may be urged t study harder and get gd grades. Players n a sprts team may feel driven t play harder in rder t help the team win. This type f influence can als get a friend ff drugs, r t help an adult take up a gd habit r drp a bad ne. Study grups and class prjects are examples f psitive peer grups that encurage peple t better themselves.
Schls try t teach kids abut the dangers f negative peer pressure. They teach kids t stand up and be themselves, and encurage them t plitely decline t d things that they believe are wrng. Similarly, it can be helpful t encurage children t greet the beneficial influence f psitive peer grups.
【解析】
r car that they can’t affrd in an effrt t “keep up with the Jneses可以得出消极影响包括缺乏道德感、刑事犯
Writing7
【2014年江苏卷】请阅读下面短文,并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。
When we read newspapers, we ften cme acrss such English wrds as “AIDS” and “PK.” When we watch TV, we frequently hear wrds like “NBA” r “PM2.5.” When we speak, we autmatically use wrds like “OUT” r “Bye-bye.” English wrds and expressins like these are getting ppular. They have already becme part f ur daily language. And 239 English wrds have been included in the latest Dictinary f Cntemprary Chinese. ZXXK
The inclusin has started a heated discussin. A grup f schlars signed a letter f cmplaint ver the inclusin f these English wrds, which, they think, ges against Chinese language plicies. They nt nly wrry that Chinese is brrwing an increasing number f English wrds but are als cncerned that the inclusin may hurt the dignity f the Chinese language. Hwever, thers are in favr f the inclusin because it is hard t say whether it will threaten the Chinese language. They believe the selectin is mstly a result f their functin and use in daily life.
[写作内容]
1. 用约 30 个单词写出上文概要;
2. 用约 120 个单词发表你的观点,内容包括:
(1)支持或反对汉语词典收录英语词汇;
(2)用 2- 3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。
[写作要求]
1. 可以支持文中任一观点,但必须提供理由或论据;
2. 阐述观点或提供论据时,不能直接引用原文语句;
3. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;
4. 不必写标题。
[评分标准]
内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。
【答案】
【解析】
Writing 8
【2014年江西卷】阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的词数要求）。
【1】A safari park is a park in which wild animals are kept. They are mainly lcated in east r central Africa. They ften ccupy a very wide area, with muntains and rivers. T visit the park and lk at the animals, peple have t drive arund in a car fr a few hurs because the park is huge.
【2】In suth Africa there is a safari park, which cntains all srts f wild animals like lins, elephants, rhincerses(犀牛), zebras, wild pigs, deer and giraffes.
【3】There is a wild rad leading thrugh the park, but nbdy is permitted t walk n the rad. Anyne traveling in the park has t g in a car because wild animals may fiercely attack peple. Frm the car he may see almst every type f African wildlife. Sme f these are getting scarce (稀有的) because peple kill them fr varius reasns. Fr example, rhincerses are killed fr their hrns(角), which are used in traditinal Chinese medicines fr clds and headaches. Perhaps they will be seen nly in museums and bks ne day.
【4】Travelers may purchase fd fr the animals. They can feed them when they tur the park. Of curse, they shuld nt feed them in a clse distance because the wild animals may attack peple. In additin, they shuld nly give prper fd t the animals.
【5】A traveler may carry a gun with him in his jurney. The gun is given t him by the gvernment. Hwever, it is nt used fr hunting. In fact, a seal is fixed t it. The traveler may fire at a wild beast t defend himself in case he is attacked. Hwever, he has t prve t the gvernment that he has been attacked and that he has nt fired at a harmless animal.
76. List ne f the reasns why travelers have t stay in a car during their visit.（n mre than 6 wrds）
________________________________________________________________________
77. Why are rhincerses getting scarce?（n mre than 7 wrds）
________________________________________________________________________
78. What warning are given t travelers when they feed the animals?（n mre than 15 wrds）
________________________________________________________________________
79. Hw des the gvernment knw the gun is fired?（n mre than 10 wrds）
______________________________________________________________________
80. What is the passage mainly abut?（n mre than 6 wrds）
79. 答案：By checking their seal
解析：文章最后一段提到政府提供游客枪支（Hwever, it is nt used fr hunting. In fact, a seal is fixed t it.），但不是用来猎杀，因为枪支贴有封条。通过封条的是否撕开来判断是否使用过。
考点定位：考查文章细节合理推断能力。
80. 答案：A safari park in Suth Africa
解析：全文介绍了safari公园的位置，公园里的野生动物以及公园游玩注意事项。
Writing 9
【2014年山东卷】阅读下面的短文并用英语回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
[1] Nwadays the cst f a new car has fallen in real terms s that it is cheaper than ever t wn ne, and better rad cnditins have als attracted mre drivers. The result is vercrwding n the rad system, which is ne f the prblems the lcal gvernments are faced with.
[2] When peple travel t ther twns, the prblem might be relieved by getting them t park utside the twn. Buses culd be prvided t take them int the centre. These Park and Ride prjects are increasingly ppular in the UK. At Suthertn, fr example, a cuncil-funded prject led t a 15% drp in city centre traffic ver five mnths.
[3] What the cuncil fund, thugh, was that the prject prved smewhat unppular with shp wners in the area utside the centre. Many f their shps relied n passing car drivers fr sme f their trade. As the number f peple driving past drpped, s did their incmes.
[4] Making car driving expensive is anther way f ____________. Rad taxes tend t mean that peple use their cars less. Fining drivers wh are in areas where cars have been banned can als tend t encurage them t leave their cars behind.
[5] Hwever, ne thing has t be gt right fr any slutin t succeed. If we expect peple t give up the habit f driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely n. Cnstant delays, unannunced changes t the timetable and sudden cancellatins all discurage peple frm using public transprt. Peple will nly see it as a real chice if the buses and trains are n time.
66. What causes vercrwding n the rad system accrding t Paragraph 1? (n mre than 12 wrds)
_______________________________________________________________________________
67. What shuld peple d when traveling t ther twns accrding t the Park and Ride prjects? (n mre than 14 wrds)
_______________________________________________________________________________
68. Why were sme shp wners unhappy abut the prject? (n mre than 10 wrds)
_______________________________________________________________________________
69. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4. ( n mre than 8 wrds)
_______________________________________________________________________________
70. Why are peple unwilling t use public transprt accrding t Paragraph 5? (n mre than 8 wrds)
_______________________________________________________________________________
【解析】
试题分析:随着汽车价格的逐渐下降，公路状况越来越好，路上的汽车也就越来越多了。结果就使得公路亚重拥挤。本文就解决道路拥挤问题提出建议，如何才能让司机放弃开车选择公交。
[小题1] 根据第一段句子“ cst f a new car had fallen...和“ rad cnditins have als attracted mre drivers."可以与出答案为: The reduced lwered cst f a new car and better rad cnditins。
[小题 2]根据第二段句子“... the prblem might be relieved by getting them t park utside the them t the 可以与出答案 They shuld park utside the twn, and take the bus t the centre.
[小题3] 根据第三段最后一句“As the number f pepie did their incmes”可知，开车经过商场的人少商店的收入也就会随着减少。所以答案为 Their incmes drpped because fewer peple drve past。
[小题 4]根据第四段空格所在的句子“使开车费用增加也是一种方法”说明上文已经提到了解决什么问题的方法。根据第二段开头句子“When peple prblem might be relieved f getting them t park utside the twn.”可知，使开车的费用增加也是--种减轻交通拥挤问题的方法。因此可以写出答案 relieving the prblem( f ver crwding)。根据下文提到“rad taxes和“finding drivers”等两项费用问题可以促使更多的司机不开车，所以这也是一种鼓励司机不开车乘公交车的一种方法。因此可以写出答案 encuraging peple t use public transprt mre encuraging peple t use their cars less。
[小题 5] 根据最后一段句子“If we n”说明，我们想让人们放弃开车的想法必须给他们值得信赖的选择。接着后面列举了一些公交车的弊端，比如耽搁时间，随意更换时间，突然取消等等问题都不能
让人们真正信赖公交。所以可以总结出答案Because public transprt is nt reliable/satisfactry.
考点：考查阅读表达
Writing 10
【2014年四川卷】阅读表达（共5小题：每小题2分，共10分）
When my father was celebrating a milestne(里程碑) birthday, I pulled tgether a surprise gift that he wuld never frget.
As he was appraching 60, I had a fun idea: What if I culd get the memries peple had f him, put each ne int an envelpe — 60 in ttal — and have him pen them, ne by ne, n his birthday? S I wrte an e-mail t family and friends, explaining my idea.
I sent the e-mail and waited. And then the replies started cming in and I was very, very surprised. There were s many memries, and they were all s lvely. They came frm the ‘50s, ‘60s, ‘70s, frm every decade（十年） between nw and the day my dad was brn. They came frm my mther, my siblings, my grandma, my dad’s friends frm high schl, his sister, my dad’s first bss, a clleague at his first jb, frm peple wh hadn’t seen my dad in 40 years, frm peple I myself hadn’t even infrmed. They typed them and handwrte them. They mailed them and e-mailed them.
The night befre Dad’s birthday, my sister and 1 stayed up late, putting everything tgether with sme envelpes.
The next mrning, after breakfast and presents and cake, we gave the pile f envelpes t him. ＂Just ne mre thing fr yu,＂ we said.
It tk him a lng time t pen them and read. Each ne was a brief ticket t anther time, a leap(跳跃) backward ver years and decades. There was a lt f laughter and a few tears, t.
I was kind f sad when the prject was ver because it was great fun t cllect these memries. It gave me a different picture f my dad.
56. When did the authr give her father a surprise gift? (n mre than 4 wrds)
57. Wh sent the mails? (n mre than 6 wrds)
58. Why did the authr and her sister stay up late the night befre their father’s birthday? (n mre than 9 wrds)
59. Hw did the authr’s father mst prbably feel when he read the mails? (n mre than 3 wrds)
60. What was the surprise gift? (n mre than 6 wrds)
【答案】
56.On his 60th birthday.
57.The peple wh knw/knew her father.
58.Because they needed t put the mails int envelpes.
59.He felt/was mved/excited/happy.
60.The memries abut/f the authr’s father.
【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。在文中作者讲述了她在父亲60岁生日时是如何给父亲送上一份特别的生日礼物的故事。在父亲生日前她突然有了一个主意，就是给父亲收集60个熟悉他的人对过去事情的美好回忆，然后放到信封里，去给父亲一个惊喜。然后她真地实践了自己的想法，成功地收集到了那些美好的回忆，给父亲了一个难忘的生日礼物。
56.0n his 60 birthday,考查细节理解。根据文章首段和第二段内容可作者送给父亲特别的礼物是在他60
岁生日那天，答案填 On his 60 birthday
57.The peple wh lmw/mew her father. 考查细节理解。以文章第二段内 They came frm my mther,
clleague at his first jb, frm peple wh hadn't seen my dad in 40 years, frm peple I myself hadn’t even infrmed.可知父亲的亲戚，朋友,家人和一切认识他的人寄来了信或者发来 email,故答案为 The peple wh knw /knew her father 。
58.Because they needed t put the mails int envelpes. 考查细节理解。由文章第四段my sister and 1 stayed up late, putting everything tgether with sme可知他们晚上熬夜要把信装进信封，答案为Because they needed t put the mails int envelpes。
59.He felt/was mved/excited/happy. 考查推理判断。从文章倒数第二段there was a lt f laughter and a few tears ,t判断父亲非常激动。答案填He felt / was mved / excited /happy。
60.The memries abut/f the authr’s father. 考查细节理解。从文章内容可知作者给父亲的礼物是别人有关父亲的回忆，答案为The memries abut / f the authr’s father 。
考点：考查阅读表达。
Writing 11
【2014年天津卷】阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
【2014年天津卷】Last December, Dris Lw turned 90. Once a week she still drives t the Canadian Natinal Institute fr the Blind (CNIB) in Trnt, where she helps transfrm literature int braille(盲文) t bring the pwer f stry and knwledge t the hears and minds f blind readers. She has been vlunteering her time and talents t such enterprises fe mre than 40 years.
After wrking in the business wrld fr a while, Lw gt fed up. S she turned t teaching at a technical schl and later mved int the library.
Lw’s mther liked reading. As her eyes began t fail, lw read t her. Then “hearing an advertisement encuraging peple t learn braille, I decided t give it a try.” In 1973, she was certified as a braille transcriber (转译者) and began transcribing bks as a vlunteer fr the CNIB library.
The jb was strenuus — she culd get t the end f a page, make a mistake n the last line, and have t d the whle thing again. Fr a number f years, Lw als wrked in the CNIB sund studi reading bks nt tape. Three years ag, she tk up prfreading (校对) at the CNIB’s wrd factry.
In April, during Vlunteer Week, the CNIB recgnized Lw fr her great cntributins. Thanks t vlunteers like Lw, the CNIB library has gt mre than 80,000 accessible materials fr peple unable t read traditinal print. “I can’t imagine hw many readers f all ages have benefited frm Dris’s cntributin as a skilled vlunteer thrugh her rich vice and her high degree f accuracy in the hundreds f bks she has brailled and prfread ver the years — and she is still ding s,” said a CNIB fficial.
“Fr me,” said Lw, “the CNIB is mre than just a place t vlunteer. Three things matter mst in my life: a little play, a little wrk, a little lve. I’ve fund them all here.”
56. What des Lw still d at the age f 90 at the CNIB? ( n mre than 10 wrds)
57. Why did Lw learn braille? (n mre than 15 wrds)
58. What des the underlined wrd “strenuus” mst prbably mean?(1 wrd)
59. What are Lw’s cntributins t the CNIB? (n mre than 15 wrds)
60. What d yu think f Lw? Give yur reasns. (n mre than 20 wrds)
【答案】
56.She helps transfrm literature int Braille (fr blind readers/ the blind).
57. (Because) her mther’s eyes began t fail and she heard an/ the advertisement.
58. Difficult/Hard/tiring/tugh.
59.She has brailled and prfread hundreds f bks, and read bks int nt tape.
60.Lw is kind and helpful because she has devted much time t transcribing bks int Braille as a vlunteer.
Or: Lw is kind-hearted lady with a psitive attitude tward life because she takes delight in helping thers.
[文章大意] Dris Lw 到去年 12 月份就 90 岁了。但是她从事志愿者活动已经有 40年了。她的工作是把故事和口识传播给盲人读者通过吧文学作品翻译成布莱叶盲文。有时还要读录成磁带。三年前她又从事校
对工作。这个工作很辛苦，但是她喜欢。
根据文童第一段第二句话可如,Lw 现在 90 岁仍然在 CAB 从事帮助把文学作品翻译成布莱叶盲文的工作, 所以回答She helps transfrm literature int Braille (fr blind readers the blind）。
57.根据文章第三段可知，因为她的妈妈喜欢阅读，但是她的视力变差了，而她也听到了一则鼓励人们学习布莱叶盲文的广告。所以回答(Because) her mther’s eyes began t fail and she heard an/ the advertisement.
58.第四段开头，破折号是对画线的词strenuus 的解释，都做到最后了，因为一个错误就必须从新做。所以strenuus的同义词是Difficult/Hard/tiring/tugh.（很累、很难。）
59.第五段介绍了 Lw 对CNIB的贡献：把很多书翻译成了布莱叶盲文、校对了数百本书籍还读书录成磁带。所以回答She has brailled and prfread hundreds f bks, and read bks int nt tape.
60.Lw是一个善良的人，她帮助盲人读书。所以回答Lw is kind and helpful because she has devted much time t transcribing bks int Braille as a vlunteer.
Or: Lw is kind-hearted lady with a psitive attitude tward life because she takes delight in helping thers.
Su Hua: Hi, Li Jiang! Did yu see the BBC dcumentary n CCTV 9 last week?
Li Jiang: Yu mean Du Fu: China’s Greatest Pet? Yes, I did. Fantastic!
Su Hua: Just think an English actr recites Chinese pems.
Li Jiang: I dn’t really understand every line he recites, but I believe he truly lves the pems himself.
Su Hua: Right. It is reprted that the film is well received utside China.
Li Jiang: Yeah, It’s my first time t hear Chinese stries tld by an English speaker.
Su Hua: In fact, dcumentaries abut ur cuntry are plentiful bth at hme and abrad. These films can help freign friends better understand this land-Chinese literature, gegraphy histry, fd...
Li Jiang: I culdn’t agree mre.
The Cst f Thinking
Intrductin
• Large brains fr their bdies and the ability t walk upright are tw ___71___ f human beings.
The ___72___ f large human brains
• The larger brains may nt be better because f the cst.
• The big brains make it harder fr the bdy t mve arund and cnsume mre energy.
• The animal brain requires less ___73___ when the bdy is at rest.
• Large human brains cnsume mre fd, and weaken muscles.
The ___74___ f walking upright
• Walking upright makes it easy t find fd r ___75___ against enemies.
• Freed hands can serve sme ___76___ purpse and perfrm cmplex tasks.
• Walking upright challenges the human bne structure, and ___77___ the size f brains.
• Walking upright results in ___78___ sufferings.
Cnclusin
• With a large brain, human beings ___79___ ther beings in terms f intelligence.
• Weak and marginal, human beings remained ___80___ f meat-eating animals.
Arts as an ecnmic driver
Our cmmunities ___71___ frm arts in terms f ecnmy.
___72___ f arts’ prmting ur ecnmy
Arts activity demands a(n) ___73___ effrt. It invlves creatin, perfrmance, and ___74___.
★Artists make a living thrugh their creative wrk.
★Others get paid by marketing the event.
Arts have a gradually spreading ___75___. They culd help prmte ther industries whether they lie inside r utside arts.
★Besides tickets, sme jazz lvers will pay their ___76___ t and frm the events.
★Arts cntribute t cultural develpment when peple gather tgether t share their experience and renew their energy.
Investment in arts culd prduce ptential ___77___ ecnmic results.
★TeC used a $35,000 art investment t attract an verall supprt f $400,000.
★In Dallas, ne dllar invested in arts culd harvest and extrardinary return f nearly $300.
★In Philadelphia the arts have created abut 35,000 jb pprtunities fr wrkers ___78___ arts industry.
Art students making a gd living
With these ___79___ in mind, art students need nt wrry abut their career and have a(n) ____80____ plan.
Ppulatin Change
One Day in 2016. At Hme.
Sn: Mum, shall we g and see a film tnight?
Mther: Why bther? We can stay at hme and watch films nline. It’s cnvenient with ur new and faster netwrk
Sn: But it feels gd in a cinema.
Mther: And the price… We have t pay 50 yuan a ticket.
Sn: Only 10 yuan mre than last year.
Mther: But still we cannt get the mney’s wrth. Sme films are just bring…
An Extensin f the Human Brain
A prsthetic nature
●The (71) ▲ can help make up fr ur mental and emtinal deficiencies as a wden leg can cmpensate fr a bdily deficiency.
●It (72) ▲ in ur daily events, extending ur intelligence, cmprehending ur feelings, and expanding the range f scial activities.
Wnderful aspects: memry and judgment
●On the Internet, we culd quickly and easily lcate the details, and check facts, withut (73) ▲ them in mind.
●The Internet makes us smarter ver (74) ▲ kinds f things. It prvides a dzen definitins f a key term fr us t find the (75) ▲ f the matter.
●The Internet enables us t exchange ideas with many thers t (76) ▲ ur claims, and t (77) ▲ ur actins.
The (78) ▲ sides f smartphnes
●Smartphnes make it easier and mre (79) ▲ t check reality, watch vide clips, read weib.
●Smartphnes (80) ▲ the pssibility fr new and insightful minds, and steal away ur dead time.
Title
Small Talk: A Big (76)____
Intrductin
We are likely t make small talk when we (77)____ meet peple.
(78)____
❖ Small talk can help peple frm (79)____ friendships.
❖ Small talk can als help peple get a (80)____.
Advice
❖ Find sme tpics (81)____ with the ther persn.
❖ Keep the talk ging by making cmpliments and (82)____ questins.
❖ Keep eye cntact in cnversatin t build (83)____.
❖ (84)____ mre in rder t make small talk easier.
Cnclusin
Small talk really (85)____ a lt t us.
What news stries d yu read?
Divisin f
news stries
Peple expect t get (71) ▲ frm reading news.
News stries are rughly divided int tw classes.
Sme news will excite their readers instantly while thers wn’t.
(72) ▲ f
the tw classes
News f immediate reward will seemingly take their readers t the very frightening scene withut actual (73) ▲ .
Readers will assciate themselves clsely with what happens in the news stries and (74) ▲ similar feelings with thse invlved.
News f delayed reward will make readers suffer, r present a(75) ▲ t them.
News f delayed reward will induce the reader t (76) ▲ fr the reality while news f immediate reward will lead the reader t (77) ▲ frm the reality.
Unstable bundaries
f the tw classes
What readers expect frm news stries are largely shaped by their
(78) ▲ .
Serius readers will bth get excited ver what happens in sme news stries and (79) ▲ themselves t the reality.
Thus, the divisin, n the whle, (80) ▲ n the reader.
A．
B.
In-Cmpany Experience[来源:学+科+网]
Challenging psts in industry fr gap year students. Use yur academic and interpersnal skills t imprve a prduct r service prvided by a tp name cmpany-and get paid fr it!
Camp Wrld
Wrk in camps fr yung peple in ne r mre f the five cntinents. Yu help rganize sprts activities and ther utdr pursuits and yu culd end up with a qualificatin as an instructr.
C.
D.
Cmmunity Care
Vlunteer wrk at hme and abrad with the physically and mentally handicapped, the hmeless, the elderly and rphans. Yu’ll need t be cmmitted, patient and sensitive t thers.
Academic Study Year
Spend a whle year studying at a freign university in Eurpe, the USA r even further afield, withut the pressure f exams. Accmmdatin with lcal families. Grants available.
E.
F.
Cnservatin Internatinal
Cnservatin and research wrk with teams f vlunteers n nature reserves in Suth America and Africa. Prjects include mnitring wildlife, path building and water and sil cnservatin.
Language Teachers Abrad
Teach yur wn language r English in almst any cuntry in the wrld. Class sizes vary frm ne t ne hundred and resurces can be basic, but yur students will welcme yu with pen arms.
Title
Classical Music
Intrductin
The issue f whether classical music is (76) t yung peple causes heated debate.
Opinins
Evidence
★ Classical music is assciated nly with ld penl.
☆ (77) f the audience at a classical cncert are ver fifty.
★ Many yung peple dn’t (78)
sme music they listen t is classical.
☆ Classical music is ften fund in films and advertisements.
★ Classical ideas prvide a (79)
fr prducing new music.
☆ Yung peple nw (80) rap in ppular music.
★ (81) has put classical music at a disadvantage.
☆ A yung man can write and make music n a cmputer (82) in his bedrm.
★ “Classical music” can refer t varius (83) f music.
☆ Classical music (84) frm jazz t pieces fr large rchestras.
Cnclusin
Classical music may still be (85) by yung peple tday.