专题04 七选五-备战2023-2024学年高二英语上学期期末真题分类汇编（北京专用）（原卷版）

这是一份专题04 七选五-备战2023-2024学年高二英语上学期期末真题分类汇编（北京专用）（原卷版），共11页。试卷主要包含了Ecducts， 10， 26等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1.（2023上·北京昌平·高二统考期末）Ecducts: The Safe Way t Crss the Rad
Hw des an animal crss a rad safely? The shrt answer is: it ften desn’t! Every year arund the wrd, thusands f animals are killed r injured by cars, trucks, and trains n ur busy rads and railway systems.
France was the first cuntry t build wildlife crssings t help animals get acrss rads safely. The French designed these structures t prtect animals frm the busy traffic. Since then, many ther cuntries have als built wildlife crssings. 1
Ecducts, als called “ green bridges”, are structures that engineers build ver big rads and highways. 2 Cars, vans, and trucks g under the ecducts, thrugh a tunnel, and the animals walk ver the ecduct, abve the rad r highway.
At Banff Natinal Park, in Alberta, Canada, park emplyees have labred hard t make mre than 40 ecducts. Sme f the ecducts in Banff are bridges that crss ver the highway. 3 Others are called underpasses. These are tunnels that g under a rad. Mst ecducts have sil and plants n them which prvide a gd envirnment fr wildlife and encurage animals t use the structures. Sme ecducts, including many in Canada and in Flrida, are made extremely big s that black bears, deer, and the Flrida panther will use them.
4 Perhaps yu’re distrustful abut this idea. Yu shuldn’t be, because animals d use them! At first animals can be a little unsettled f the crssings. Experts say that sme bears can take as lng as five years t start using them. When animals realize that the ecducts are safe, they use them a lt! S far, since Banff Natinal Park began t make ntes abut the ecducts in 1997, eleven different species f mammals have used the verpasses and underpasses mre than 200, 000 times !
Ecducts are a great way t prtect wildlife frm traffic. 5 But fr nw even snakes can get itself acrss a rad safely thanks t ecducts!
A．Were endangered animals saved frm dying ut?
B．But d animals really use these man-made bridges?
C．These are called verpasses because they g ver a rad.
D．They allw many different types f animals t crss safely t the ther side.
E．In the Netherlands there are ver 600 special bridges and tunnels, called ecducts.
F．Cuntries will be building many mre f these structures arund the wrld in the future.
G．France used t be knwn fr its dangerus car crashes with animals until the rads were upgraded.
2.（2023上·北京平谷·高二统考期末）Six Tips fr Freshmen
Starting cllege can be a stressful experience. It intrduces a lt f big changes in yur life. Here are six tips fr freshmen.
1. 6
Of all the tips fr cllege, this ne might be the mst practical. Make sure t cnsider what use at hme n a daily r weekly basis, and take a lk at what a cllege student has suggested yu bring!
2. Be cmfrtable being n yur wn.
7 The tasks fr which yu nce relied n yur parents are nw yur respnsibility, s it is imprtant that yu cme t schl knwing basic skills, hw t d laundry, and hw t fllw a rutine.
3. Have an idea f what yu want t study.
Declaring yur majr immediately upn getting accepted int cllege is nt life r death. 8 Internships(实习期) are als a great way t dip yur tes in the water and find ut whether r nt yu are interested in a certain career.
4. Put yurself ut there.
Fr thse wh struggle t make friends, finding peple wh yu share interests with is always a gd place t start. Jining a lcal club r activity that yu enjy can help yu t meet new peple that like the same things that yu d.
5. Practice gd habits.
Being away frm hme and the structure f middle schl fr the first time causes many cllege freshmen t frm bad habits. 9 These will help ensure yu stay in gd health and make yur cllege experience much smther.
6. 10
Budgeting(预算) can be a very simple way t understand and mnitr yur spending habits. A simple spreadsheet with yur mnthly expenses and incme is a great way t start listing yur spending.
A．Learn t manage yur finances.
B．Make sure t take classes that interest yu.
C．Making gd friend is very imprtant in cllege.
D．Knw what things yu need fr a cllege drm.
E．Establish a healthy system, and eat a balanced diet.
F．Yu culd d a part time jb t earn mre mney.
G．In mst cases, cllege is the first time that yu will be cmpletely n yur wn.
3.（2023上·北京房山·高二统考期末）Hw t Find Yur Muse Thrugh Creative Pursuits
Have yu ever heard the famus qute “Genius is 1 percent inspiratin and 99 percent perspiratin”? 11 Sme artists, writers, pets, musicians, and even scientists lk t a muse asthe surce f their creativity r genius. The fllwing tips can help yu t find yur muse.
Listen t music.
Sngs, and music in general, can help yu relax. 12 Music, specifically lyrics, can als transprt yu t a specific time r place and prvide yu with ideas t help spark yur wn creativity.
Write whatever cmes t mind t get yur creativity flwing.
Yu may nt have any cncrete ideas, but simply writing smething dwn can help generate creative thughts. Cnsider it a frm f brainstrming. Remember that yu can always start ver r revise previus thughts befre yu finish a final draft. Writing, in and f itself, can help yu generate thughts. 13 It is best if yu d this type f writing by hand, because it will cnnect yu mre fully t the writing prcess.
14
Even if yu stick t ne type when yu write, yu can brrw smaller cncepts, the latest trend, persnality preferences, scenery ideas, and s much mre frm reading different types f bks. Each stry was prbably inspired frm the authr’s wn explratin f ther bks r tales and things that happened t r arund him in his daily lives.
Try ddling (涂鸦) r drawing t relax and stimulate yur creativity.
15 Instead, try spntaneus (自发的) activities, such as ddling r abstract drawing, as a way t be creative withut the pressure that can cme with creating finished art.
A．Peple find inspiratin in all srts f creative activities.
B．Read a lt f different stries t find creative inspiratin.
C．Try free writing r jurnaling fr 15 minutes every day.
D．Inspiratin is smething that cmes easily fr sme peple, but is a struggle fr thers.
E．The lyrics and the meldies yu listen t can lighten thughts that might weigh yu dwn.
F．Have fun and encunter yur artistic side withut wrrying abut finding innvative ideas.
G．Yu can express yurself artistically withut prducing a prfessinal drawing every time.
4.（2023上·北京通州·高二统考期末）Imagine a child standing n a diving bard fur feet high and asking himself the questin: “Shuld I jump?” This is what mtivatin r the lack f it can d. 16 Withut mtivatin, yu can neither set a gal nr reach it. Like the child n the diving bard, yu will stay undecided.
S hw shuld yu mtivate yurself? 17 First, yu need t evaluate yurself, yur values, yur strengths, yur weaknesses, yur achievements, yur desires, etc. Only then shuld yu set yur gals.
Yu als need t judge the quality and depth f yur mtivatin. This is quite imprtant, because it is directly related t yur cmmitment. There are times when yur heart is nt in yur wrk. 18 S, slw dwn and think what yu really want t d at that mment. Clarity (清晰) f thughts can help yu mve frward.
Anther way f setting realistic gals is t analyze yur shrt and lng term bjectives keeping in mind yur beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that gals are flexible. 19 They als need t be measurable. Yu must keep these pints in mind while setting yur gals.
Yur persnal circumstances are equally imprtant. Fr example, yu may want t be a pilt but can’t becme ne because yur eyesight is nt gd enugh. 20 Yu shuld reassess yur gals, and mtivate yurself t set a fresh gal.
Yu will surely need t vercme sme difficulties, sme planned, but mst unplanned. Yu cannt vercme them withut enugh mtivatin. Make sure that yu plan fr these difficulties at the time f setting yur gals.
A．They can change accrding t circumstances.
B．Cmmunicatin helps t understand each ther.
C．This can affect yur wrk.
D．Mtivatin and gal setting are the tw sides f same cin.
E．S why shuld we try t find supprting evidence?
F．Mre than that, hw shuld yu stay mtivated t achieve the gal?
G．Hwever, this shuld nt discurage yu.
5.（2023上·北京石景山·高二统考期末）D yu knw what a reslutin is? 21 Mst f the time, we make prmises t ther peple—“Mm, I prmise I’m ging t tidy my rm when I get back frm schl”.
Hwever, prmises yu make t yurself are reslutins, and the mst cmmn kind is New Year’s reslutins. The start f the year is ften a time fr making reslutins. When we make reslutins at the beginning f the year, we hpe that we are ging t imprve ur lives. 22 This helps them t remember their reslutins. Others tell their family and friends abut their wishes and plans.
There are different kinds f reslutins. Sme are abut physical health. Fr example, sme peple prmise themselves they are ging t start an exercise prgram r eat less fast fd. 23 These are abut making yurself a better persn. Sme peple might say they are ging t take up a hbby like painting r taking phts, r learn t play the guitar. Sme reslutins have t d with better planning, like making a weekly plan fr schlwrk. 24
Althugh there are differences, mst reslutins have ne thing in cmmn. Peple hardly ever keep them! There are gd reasns fr this. Smetimes the reslutins may be t difficult t keep. Smetimes peple just frget abut them. Fr this reasn, sme peple say the best reslutin is t have n reslutins! 25
A．It’s a kind f prmise.
B．Hw abut yu—will yu make any next year?
C．Many reslutins have t d with self-imprvement.
D．Fr example, a student may have t find mre time t study.
E．D yu knw hw t stick t yur reslutin as lng as pssible?
F．A New Year’s reslutin is the gal that is set at the start f a new year.
G．Sme peple write dwn their reslutins and plans fr the cming year.
6.（2023上·北京海淀·高二统考期末）The Benefits f Making Fun f Yurself
Being able t laugh at yurself isn’t always easy. Hwever, making light f yur weaknesses and life challenges can have a number f benefits. While it might sund surprising, being able t make fun f yurself can be gd fr yur self-esteem(自尊). 26
Making fun f yurself is a frm f self-critical humr, which can invlve being t mdest, r even laughing at yurself humrusly. 27 Hwever, research suggests they tend t be mre self-cnfident. When this type f humr is used t maintain a psitive attitude in difficult situatins, it can help enhance well-being and self-esteem.
28 Making fun f yurself may help make yu mre likable and build strnger relatinships with thers. Interestingly, research suggests that bth men and wmen think that being able t make fun f yurself is an attractive trait, despite differences in their ways f using humr.
Laughter has been shwn t have a number f stress-fighting benefits. 29 When yu view situatins as threats, stress levels increase. Shifting t a mindset that allws yu t see these situatins as challenges can transfrm this int what is knwn as “gd stress” that helps yu feel mre empwered.
Making fun f yurself can have sme benefits, but it’s imprtant nt t take things t far. If making fun f yurself starts negatively impacting yur mental health r well-being, it’s time t take a step back. 30 If yu embrace yur weakness and imperfectins t a reasnable degree, yu will feel happier and imprve yur relatinships and verall well-being.
A．Find a balance that wrks fr yu.
B．Laughing at yurself helps accept yurself.
C．Peple are mre drawn t thers wh can laugh at themselves.
D．Being able t laugh at yurself can relieve stress by changing yur view.
E．Making fun f yurself in difficult situatins can reduce yur stress greatly.
F．Peple with such a sense f humr are smetimes regarded as having lw self-esteem.
G．It might even imprve yur relatinships and help yu face challenges mre effectively.
7.（2023上·北京东城·高二统考期末）The Pwer in Accepting Yur Errrs
It pays t be kind t yurself. A new study shws that being cmpassinate (同情的) with yurself when yu make mistakes can reduce depressin.
It is generally gd t hld yurself t high standards and strive t d yur best. But smetimes peple have unrealistic views f what they shuld achieve. 31 Then when they make a mistake, they may be t unfrgiving f that errr. It is an unhealthy frm f perfectinism. This is when a persn views anything imperfect as unacceptable. 32
Hwever, self-cmpassin can help prtect peple frm such negative impacts, a new study finds. 33 “It’s ften easy t say kind and supprtive things t ur friends when things g wrng fr them,” says Madeleine Ferrari. She’s a psychlgist at Australian Cathlic University in Sydney. “If we can say these things t urselves, we will still reach ur gals but will have better mental health,” she says.
34 Ferrari’s team wanted t see if self-cmpassin might weaken that link. The researchers surveyed 541 teenagers and 515 adults. They asked these peple t fill ut a set f three questinnaires and asked the participants t rate their levels f perfectinism, depressin and self-cmpassin.
In bth grups, peple wh were kinder t themselves were less likely t experience sadness and depressin, the researchers fund. 35 And that culd be especially true fr perfectinists.
A．They set standards that are t high.
B．Even the mst intelligent and prductive peple make mistakes.
C．This is a gd example f imprving and changing based n a mistake.
D．Self-cmpassin is treating yurself the way yu wuld treat a gd friend.
E．Such feelings can increase stress and lead t symptms (症状) f depressin.
F．S learning self-cmpassin culd imprve treatment fr thse with depressin.
G．Previus research has shwn that peple wh are perfectinists are mre likely t becme depressed.
8.（2023上·北京朝阳·高二统考期末）In principle, it sunds simple: eat less and mve mre. 36 Yet, despite all the calrie cunting, dieting and exercising, wrldwide besity (肥胖) rates just keep speeding up. Peple in the US were heavier in 2021 than they were in 2020, placing many mre peple at risk frm serius diseases.
S why hasn’t this apprach t weight cntrl wrked? One pssibility is that we haven’t tried hard enugh. 37 Or perhaps the prblem is the fcus n “calrie balance” itself. In a recent paper, my clleagues and I questin the basic assumptin f whether taking in mre calries than yu burn really is the chief cause f besity. We argue that the evidence actually pints the ther way: we are driven t vereat because we are getting fatter.
38 As their grwth rate speeds up, teenagers may eat hundreds f calries mre each day than they used t. Des this “vereating” cause the rapid grwth? Or des the rapid grwth, which requires mre calries t build new bdy tissues, make teenagers hungrier s they eat mre? Clearly the latter, as adults wn’t grw taller, n matter hw much they eat.
The key t hw this wrks in besity is hrmnes (激素), especially the fat-strage hrmne. Prcessed, rapidly digestible high-carbn fds like ptat chips and sugary drinks raise ur hrmne level t high. 39 A few hurs after eating a high-carbn meal, the number f calries in the bldstream falls rapidly, s we get hungrier sner after eating.
Therefre, in rder t prevent and treat weight prblems, the emphasis shuld be placed n what t eat instead f hw much we eat. Replacing prcessed high-carbn fds with high-fat fds-such as nuts-lwers the hrmne btainable fr the rest f the bdy. 40
Althugh much mre research will be needed t test this idea, it is time t questin the basic assumptins abut cause and effect, calries and weight gain that have dminated ur thinking fr decades.
A．Weight cntrl becmes a battle between dieting and exercising.
B．This may seem incredible but cnsider the rapid grwth f teenagers.
C．The dietary advice fr dealing with besity has been arund fr decades.
D．We have lacked willpwer t maintain healthy dietary and exercise habits.
E．A lw-calrie diet further restricts an already limited supply f energy t the bdy.
F．This causes ur fat cells t stre t many calries, leaving fewer fr the rest f the bdy.
G．In fact, high-fat fds may help decrease bdy fat, a pssibility supprted by medical practices.
9.（2022.上·北京石景山·高三统考期末）D yu lve fd? Whether yu’re a fdie r smene wh just likes eating, there is s much t chse frm. We knw that t much f the wrng kind f fd can be bad fr ur health, but fr sme peple having a fd allergy means that eating certain things can actually be harmful. Such cases may seem uncmmn. 41
An allergy is caused by the immune (免疫的) system fighting substances in the
envirnment. 42 It means that peple have t fllw strict dietary restrictins, therwise their lives may be put at risk. Allergy specialist Dr. Adam Fx says “if yu lk back ver, say, 30 r 40 years… there are much mre serius allergic prblems arund nw than there were.” 43 Last year a teenager died after suffering an allergic reactin frm eating a piece f bread cntaining peanuts. This led t a call fr better fd-labeling laws.
Research has fund that this prblem is particularly affecting children. 44 Dr. Alexandra Sants frm King’s Cllege Lndn says “fd allergy nw affects abut 7% f children in the UK and 9% f thse in Australia, fr example. Acrss Eurpe, 2% f adults have fd allergies.”
S what might be the cause? Dr. Sants says, the increase in allergies is nt simply the effect f sciety becming mre aware f them and better at diagnsing them. 45 She adds that pssible factrs are pllutin, dietary changes and less expsure t bacteria, which change hw ur immune systems respnd. She pints ut that it’s very cmmn fr migrants wh mve t anther cuntry t develp fd allergies in their new lcatin.
A．It seems t be mre envirnmental.
B．A fd allergy can affect yu at any age.
C．Fd allergies can cause life-threatening reactins.
D．Yet in fact, fd allergies are affecting mre and mre f us.
E．Mre and mre f them are having allergic reactins t certain fd.
F．A lt f wrk is being dne t try and find a cure, but that’s nt easy.
G．We ften hear abut peple having allergies t dairy prducts r t nuts.
10.（2022上·北京朝阳·高三统考期末）Sme peple prefer t have a bite t eat befre hitting the gym, knwn as a fed wrkut. Others wuld like t wait until after exercising t refuel their bdies, called a fasted wrkut. 46 Many experts say there’s n easy answer because it depends n the persn.
If yu want energy and strength fr an ideal wrkut, yu need fuel. A fed wrkut will prvide yur bdy with pwer. Eating befre exercise may help yu sustain lnger sessins and lift heavier weights. 47 Muscle preservatin is als an essential cmpnent f strengthening yur bdy. Nitrgen (氮) is critical fr prcessing prtein that builds healthy muscles. Peple tend t lse less nitrgen during a fed wrkut than a fasted ne.
Many fitness enthusiasts are nt n bard with this idea. They reprt feeling sick and inactive while trying t exercise after eating. With a fasted wrkut, yu may nt get the usual indigestin. Experts fr fasted wrkuts further claim that eating afterwards makes yur bdy use its fat reserves fr energy, meaning yu will burn mre fat. 48 It can cause a sudden drp in yur bld glucse (葡萄糖) levels, and yu may feel dizzy. Yu may even be mre likely t vereat.
49 Nt all fds are created equal. Fr example, if yu chse a fed wrkut, yu’ll prbably lse a lt f water during an intense training, s yu shuld cnsider drinking sme befrehand. With a fasted wrkut, it wuld help if yu had sme nutritin right after yur sessin is cmplete. Drink sme water. Then, have a light meal r nutritinal snack.
Deciding when t eat fr an ideal wrkut is a persnal chice. Bth fasted wrkuts and fed activities have their benefits and shrtcmings. 50
A．Hwever, a fasted wrkut might nt wrk fr yu.
B．Hw yur bdy will respnd is based n yur wrkut intensity.
C．These benefits can result in burning mre fat and shaping a slimmer bdy.
D．T eat r nt t eat, that is the questin n many fitness enthusiasts’ minds.
E．Think thrughly and discuss with yur fitness instructr befre taking a chice.
F．Knwing what t eat fr an ideal wrkut is just as imprtant as knwing when t eat.
G．A persn ding a 30-minute sessin a day may nt have a prblem with fasted wrkuts.
优选提升提
11.（2023上·北京东城·高二统考期末）D yu feel like yu can remember things better when yu actively engage with the infrmatin and create yur wn versin f it? 51 This phenmenn has imprtant implicatins when it cmes t understanding hw peple learn.
Tests n the generatin effect shw that when users encunter a list f wrds presented in the frm f fragments (片段), they will engage several areas f the brain t create wrds t fill in the blanks. 52 Researchers believe this is because f the deeper level f cgnitive (认知的) engagement invlved in the prcess f creating new wrds.
Teachers and instructrs need t be aware f the rle the generatin effect can play in the classrm. Students wh just receive written material they can read may nt understand it as fully as students wh engage with it by taking ntes, cmpleting writing exercises, and s frth. 53 Rather than giving students a list f crrectly spelled wrds and asking them t memrize it, the teacher can ask students t cmplete wrksheets where they must fill in blanks t spell the wrds.
54 If a student simply reads a textbk, he/she will nt absrb the infrmatin as well as when he/she takes ntes and recreates charts and ther materials presented in the bk. Students preparing fr an examinatin may find it helpful t write ut material frm the text, rephrasing in their wn wrds as apprpriate t make sure they fully understand the material. 55
In a wrd, it all bils dwn t active learning versus passive learning. Spending a few minutes actively prducing cntent may just be the thing yu were missing in yur learning rutine.
A．That’s called the Generatin Effect.
B．Fr students, the generatin effect can als be imprtant.
C．When they are asked t repeat the list later, their recall will be better.
D．A cmmn example f the generatin effect can be seen in spelling lessns fr yung students.
E．The simple act f writing can trigger(激发) the generatin effect and help the students perfrm better n examinatins.
F．They will find that actively using new infrmatin may create relatinships between tasks in examinatins.
G．The prcess f generating cntent may initiate sme particular encding (编码) prcesses that d nt happen when simply reading.
12.（2023上·北京海淀·高二统考期末）Digital Medicine
Culd the next suggestin frm yur dctr be dwnlading an app? Cllectively knwn as digital medicine, a large number f apps in use r under develpment can nw detect r mnitr mental and physical disrders r directly administer therapies. 56
Many detectin aids rely n mbile devices t recrd such features as users’ vices, lcatins, facial expressins, exercise and sleep; then they apply artificial intelligence t mark the pssible change f a cnditin. Sme smart watches, fr instance, cntain a sensr that autmatically detects and warns peple f a dangerus heart rate. 57 These wearable detectin aids will nt replace a dctr any time sn but can be helpful partners in stressing cncerns that need fllw-up. 58 Sme are being develped t detect things such as cancerus DNA, stmach bleeds, bdy temperature and xygen levels. The sensrs inside yur bdy can then send the data t apps fr recrding.
59 Fr the mst part, thse intended t diagnse r treat disrders must be prved safe and effective in clinical trials and earn regulatry apprval; sme may need a dctr’s permissin.
Clearly, sciety must mve int the future f digital medicine with care — ensuring that the apps g thrugh strict testing, prtect privacy and g smthly int dctrs’ wrk. With such prtectins in place, healthcare csts culd be saved by marking unhealthy behaviurs and helping peple t make changes befre diseases set in. 60 Fr researchers, the patterns that emerge will prvide them with nvel ideas fr hw best t build healthier habits and prevent diseases.
A．Fr dctrs, applying AI t the data frm these apps culd help them persnalize patient care.
B．These data als help dctrs detect diseases and help patients change their behavirs.
C．Other similar tls can detect breathing disrders, depressin and ther cnditins.
D．They can bth help diagnse symptms and enhance traditinal medical care.
E．Detectin aids can als take the frm f eatable and sensr-bearing pills.
F．Digital medicine has been widely used in all aspects f life nwadays.
G．Nt all healthcare apps can be used as digital medicine.