2023届山西省怀仁市教育局高三下学期二调英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份2023届山西省怀仁市教育局高三下学期二调英语试卷(含答案)，共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，书面表达，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
Branding Events f China Daily
Since its launch in 1981, China Daily has grwn t becme the natin's leading English-language newspaper. With a cmbined print, nline and mbile readership f mre than 350 millin, it serves a vital rle in telling the wrld abut China, prviding a valuable insight int the wrld's secnd largest ecnmy. A series f branding events are cnducted by China Daily t imprve public diplmacy (外交) and internatinal cmmunicatin.
Visin China Lectures
A series f talks are rganized by China Daily in which leading plitical and business figures are invited t speak and interact live with dmestic and freign audiences. The Visin China lectures fcus n majr issues facing China and the wrld, explre what China's stry means fr the wrld, and shw hw Chinese wisdm can help the wrld.
China Watch Think Tank Frum
Elites, including pinin leaders, pliticians and business peple with expertise(专业知识) n China, discuss tpics n the develpment and the future f China and the wrld in China Watch Think Tank Frum.
Asia Leadership Rundtable
Asia Leadership Rundtable prvides a platfrm fr high-level dialg and cmmunicatin amng leaders and scial elites in the fields f plitics, business and academia in Asia.
"21st Century Cup" Natinal English Speaking Cmpetitin
The cmpetitin is the mst famus English-speaking cmpetitin in China. It is the qualifying rund fr students wh wish t represent China in the Internatinal Public Speaking Cmpetitin in Lndn.
Fr mre details, click here.
1、What's the main purpse f launching China Daily?
A. T hld varius branding events.
B. T prmte interpersnal cmmunicatin.
C. T cmbine the print, nline and mbile readership.
D. T help peple arund the glbe knw China better.
2、What d Visin China Lectures and Asia Leadership Rundtable have in cmmn?
A. They invlve pliticians and business peple.
B. They fcus n majr issues facing China and the wrld.
C. They prvide a platfrm fr public dialg and cmmunicatin.
D. They discuss tpics n the develpment and the future f China and the wrld.
3、Where is the text prbably frm?
A. A newspaper.B. A textbk.C. A website.D. A magazine.
An American teacher wh helped make cllege educatin accessible t lw-incme, immigrant, first-generatin American, and refugee(难民) pupils has wn the $1 millin Glbal Teacher Prize. Keishia Thrpe, an English teacher in Maryland, was selected frm mre than 8,000 teachers in 121 cuntries.
Ms. Thrpe teaches English t 12th-graders at the Internatinal High Schl Langley Park, where 95 percent f pupils are frm lw-incme families. She redesigned their curses fr the English department t make it culturally relevant t her pupils wh are frm mstly Africa, the Middle East, the Caribbean, and Suth America. Since then, her English language learners have shwn a 40 percent increase in their reading.
Ms. Thrpe spent a lt f time encuraging her pupils t apply fr cllege and helped them with their applicatins and accessing fully-funded schlarships. She helped her senir pupils in 2018-2019 win mre than $6.7 millin in schlarships t 11 clleges, with mst f them nt having t pay fr their educatin.
She plans t use the prize mney t give less well-ff pupils an pprtunity f receiving a third level educatin. “Every persn deserves the right t educatin and I want t be that persn wh champins that fr them. I plan t use the mney t help students wrldwide access higher educatin,” she said. “Students are the reasn I'm here, s I plan t use that t prmte them and create a better future fr them.”
Organized by UNESCO and first awarded in 2015, the Glbal Teacher Prize is an annual award t a teacher wh has made a vast difference t the prfessin. The winner f this year was annunced at a virtual ceremny in Paris n Nvember 10th, 2021.
4、Hw d Thrpe's redesigned curses influence her students?
A. Students have spent mre time reading.
B. Students are mre aware f their culture.
C. Mre lw-incme students attend schl.
D. Mre students apply fr cllege educatin.
5、What can be learned abut the Glbal Teacher Prize?
A. It devtes much t cllege educatin.
B. It favrs lw-incme immigrant teachers.
C. It targets teachers with huge cntributins.
D. It encurages refrms in English teaching.
6、Which f the fllwing wrds best describes Thrpe?
A. Selfless and strict.B. Caring and devted.
C. Frank and cnsiderate.D. Talented and humrus.
7、What is the best title fr the text?
A. A Gd Teacher Ensures a Bright Future
B. Teacher Prize Helps Realize Students' Dream
C. Immigrant Teacher Shares Her Mving Stry
D. High Schl Teacher Wins a $1 Millin Prize
The term “Metaverse”(元宇宙) is the latest buzzwrd(流行语) t capture the tech industry's imaginatin. It enjys such ppularity that Mark Zuckerberg, CEO f Facebk, has annunced recently that he's changing his cmpany's name t Meta Platfrms Inc. in rder t engage in the creative new trend.
This might be the biggest thing t happen t the metaverse since the science fictin writer Neal Stephensn invented the term fr his 1992 nvel Snw Crash. But Zuckerberg and his team are hardly the nly tech giants with ideas n hw the metaverse shuld take shape.
What is the metaverse? Zuckerberg has described it as a “virtual envirnment” yu can g inside f rather than just lking at n a screen. Essentially, it's a wrld f intercnnected virtual cmmunities where peple can meet, wrk and play, by using virtual reality glasses, smartphne r ther devices. The metaverse als culd be a game-changer fr the wrk-frm-hme shift during the COVID-19. Instead f nly seeing c-wrkers n a vide call, emplyees culd even jin them in a virtual ffice.
Hwever, Zuckerberg's supprt fr the metaverse cntradicts a central belief f its biggest enthusiasts. They regard the metaverse as nline culture's liberatin frm tech platfrms like Facebk that nt nly take cntrl f peple's accunts, phts and psts, but als trade ff what they cllected frm that data. “We want t be able t mve arund the Internet with ease, but we als want t be able t mve arund the Internet in a way we're nt tracked and mnitred,” said Steve Jang, wh fcuses n crypt-currency(数字货币) technlgy.
When it cmes t Facebk trying t lead the way int a virtual wrld, there is a grwing cncern amng sme peple that it culd require even mre persnal data and cause greater risks fr infrmatin abuse when the cmpany hasn't fixed thse prblems in its current platfrms.
8、Why is Zuckerberg changing the name f his cmpany?
A. Because he likes t fund the metaverse.
B. Because he intends t get invlved in the metaverse.
C. Because he wants t draw public attentin.
D. Because he plans t quit his present business.
9、What can peple d in the Metaverse?
A. D everything in the real wrld.B. Have meetings in the virtual ffice.
C. Defeat the pandemic.D. See c-wrkers in persn.
10、What can be inferred abut the central belief f Metaverse fans?
A. The metaverse shuld be tracked by tech platfrms.
B. Tech platfrms shuld pssess and trade users' data.
C. Crypt-currency technlgy shuld be mnitred.
D. Users shuld have cntrl ver their wn data.
11、What is sme peple's attitude twards Facebk's attempt t guide the metaverse?
A. Optimistic.B. Neutral.C. Wrried.D. Pessimistic.
Birds that dive underwater—such as penguins, gannets and pelicans—may be mre likely t g extinct than their nndiving relatives, a new study reprted in Prceedings f the Ryal Sciety finds.
Many waterbirds have evlved highly specialized bdies and behavirs that facilitate diving. Nw, an analysis f the evlutinary histry f mre than 700 waterbird species shws that nce a bird grup gains the ability t dive, the change is irreversible, which culd help explain why diving birds have a higher extinctin rate cmpared with nndiving birds.
“There are cnsiderable mrphlgica(形态学的) adaptatins fr diving.” says Catherine Sheard, an evlutinary bilgist at the University f Bristl in England. Fr instance, gannets and sme pelicans that dive int the water frm the air have twists t the neck muscles and the bnes in the chest. It's pssible that sme diving birds are evlving under an evlutinary “ratchet,” where adaptatins t use a certain fd surce r habitat encurage specialized evlutin. These birds may becme trapped in their ways, increasing their risk f extinctin.
Evlutinary bilgists Jsh Tyler and Jane Yunger investigated the evlutin f diving in a cllectin f 727 waterbird species acrss 11 bird grups. They explred the link between diving and the develpment f new species, r their extinctin, in varius bird lineages(家族). Amng 236 diving bird species, 75, r 32 percent, were part f lineages that are experiencing 0.02 mre species extinctins per millin years than the generatin f new species. Bird lineages that dn't dive, n the ther hand, generated 0.1 mre new species per millin years than the rate f species dying ut.
“The mre specialized yu becme, the mre reliant yu are n a particular diet, fraging(觅食) strategy r envirnment.” says Tyler. “The range f envirnments available fr fraging is much larger fr the nndiving birds than fr the specialist divers, and this may play int their ability t adapt and thrive.”
12、What des the underlined wrd “irreversible” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Unexpected.B. Unchangeable.C. Unreal.D. Unwelcme.
13、Why are “gannets and pelicans” mentined in Paragraph 3?
A. T present a fact.B. T illustrate a cncept.
C. T give a definitin.D. T explain a phenmenn.
14、What d we knw abut Jsh Tyler and Jane Yunger's study?
A. Bilgists gt the results by cmparisn.
B. Data were cllected by bserving waterbirds.
C.32 diving bird species went extinct during the prcess.
D. The aim is t build cnnectin between diving and nndiving birds.
15、Which f the fllwing factrs plays a rle in nndiving birds' lwer extinctin rate?
A. Wider habitat range.B. Quicker fraging speed.
C. Mre fd ptins.D. Strnger reprductin ability.
二、七选五
16、 Calendars are fr managing yur time. They wrk vertime t keep the messiness f human life cnfined int neat little grids, squeezing ur lives int secnds, minutes and hurs. I appreciate a calendar's determined effrts t manage time. ①_____ Fr the past several years, I've kept a planner with me at all times. The real magic in planners, t me, cmes in the blank space where I reflect n the past and imagine the future. Cracking pen a fresh week's layut n a Mnday mrning and seeing the empty pages expand like a canvas waiting t be filled, the tne f the week yet t be set, the pssibilities endless.
Yu start by creating a wish list fr yur ideal life. The idea is t be as specific as pssible. Yu then pick the ne gal that wuld have the biggest psitive impact. Yu break that gal dwn int smaller tasks, and then priritize them. ②_____. This methd turns a general idea in yur head int smething that yu can actually accmplish. Frm there, yu can reflect every mnth n hw yu spent yur time, and whether what yu did actually is cnsistent with the gals yu set.
③_____. It leaves n digital ftprint, but it des leave a paper trail that yu can lk back n fr years t cme. It desn't buzz impatiently when yu dn't lk at it, and it will nt be exprted t Outlk. It requires yu t sit in quiet cnversatin with yurself, reflecting n yur past and visualizing yur future. It frces me t answer hard truths, like what d I really want ut f life and am I spending my days in line with wh I want t be. ④_____.
Planning helps me ensure that I'm nt a passenger at the mercy f my calendar, but rather driving tward a destinatin that I chse. ⑤_____. And sme really nice pens.
A. Then, add thse tasks t the calendar.
B. There's n pressure t make it perfect.
C. But planners are fr dreaming withut limits.
D. It's easy t appreciate calendars fr their usefulness.
E. Using a paper planner brings me bth jy and a sense f calm.
F. It's an imprtant ritual(仪式) that deserves weight and ceremny.
G. After all, ur lives are the sum f hw we spend ur time and what we pay attentin t.
三、完形填空（15空）
There was nce a by called Jseph Webb wh always lved t shw ff hw many friends he had at schl. One day his 1 said t him, “Jseph, I bet(打赌) yu a big bag f ppcrn that yu dn't have as many friends as yu think. I'm sure many f them are nthing mre than cmpanins.”
Jseph 2 the bet at nce. Hwever, he wasn't sure hw t test whether his schlmates were real friends r nt, s he asked his grandfather. The ld man answered, “Wait a minute.” Then he left and 3 sn as if carrying smething in his hands, but Jseph culd see nthing there.
“Take it. It's a very 4 chair because it's invisible(看不见). It's rather 5 t sit n, but if yu take it t schl and 6 t sit n it, yu'll activate(激活) its 7 and it'll be able t tell wh yur real friends are.”
Jseph, brave and determined, set ff fr 8 with the strange and invisible chair. At break time he asked everyne t frm a 9 , and he put himself in the middle, with his chair. Having difficulty seeing it, Jseph tried t sit n it but he 10 the seat and fell straight nt his backside. Everyne arund him had a pretty gd laugh.
“Wait! Let me try again,” Jseph said. But again, he missed the seat, 11 mre surprised lks and a few catcalls(尖叫,喝倒彩). Jseph didn't 12 and kept trying t sit n the magic chair. But he kept falling t the grund... until, suddenly he tried again but didn't 13 . Lking arund, Jseph saw three f his best friends hlding him up. 14 , many thers he had thught f as friends had dne nthing but made fun f him.
And there, the shw came t an end. Jseph understd that true friends were thse wh care fr him, and nt just the 15 that happened t be passing by. And smene wh tk jy in his misfrtunes(不幸) was even less f a friend.
17、A. schlmateB. grandfatherC. cmpaninD. stranger
18、A. acceptedB. nticedC. cncludedD. believed
19、A. passedB. recveredC. returnedD. disappeared
20、A. sftB. beautifulC. cmfrtableD. special
21、A. excitingB. wnderfulC. psitiveD. difficult
22、A. intendB. decideC. manageD. hpe
23、A. prmiseB. magicC. memryD. knwledge
24、A. hmeB. schlC. partyD. hspital
25、A. circleB. ppcrnC. chairD. bag
26、A. escapedB. heldC. satD. missed
27、A. prvidingB. mvingC. causingD. lsing
28、A. give upB. watch verC. turn dwnD. srt ut
29、A. sitB. careC. fallD. stand
30、A. HweverB. MreverC. BesidesD. Therefre
31、A. relativeB. neighbrC. teammateD. cmpanin
四、短文填空
32、 What cmes t mind when yu think f Chinese kung fu? Fr Laurence J. Brahm, a US filmmaker wh recently cmpleted his ①_____(late) wrk Searching fr Kung Fu, the first thing ②_____ springs t mind is the cncept f nn-vilence.
The fficial Chinese name fr kung fu is wushu. As Brahm explained, if yu break dwn the character “wu”, it ③_____(cnsist) f tw characters: ne is “ge”,meaning dagger-axe (戈); the ther is “zhi”, meaning stpping. S, the meaning f kung fu is nt the “art f fighting”. On the cntrary, he said, kung fu is the art f stpping fighting, the art f nn-vilence.
In making his film, Brahm lked int different frms f kung fu widely
④_____(practice) in China, interviewing many masters and schlars. Kung fu practitiners salute with 'baquan', literally meaning 'fist wrapping', which shws tw things at least. One is that yu have a fist, but yu're als nt using it. And then yu're shwing 'I have n hidden weapns'. It's trust,” he said.
“Kung fu masters will avid ⑤_____(fight) at all csts. Althugh yu knw hw t use frce, yu are the last ne ⑥_____(use) frce, because yu knw the utcme f this thing.”
“Kung fu, in my eyes, is ⑦_____ mirrr f Chinese culture,” Brahm said. “It reminds yu why China adpts a plicy f nt wanting t have cnflict with ther cuntries.”
Brahm believes that tday's wrld ⑧_____(urgent) needs t restart equal exchanges between cuntries, ⑨_____ that culture and sprts, such as kung fu, can serve ⑩_____ a great channel and platfrm.
五、书面表达
33、假设你是红星中学高三(1)班班长李华。近期你班计划开展“信息安全教育”的主题班会,请你给你班交换生Jim写一封电子邮件,内容包括：
1.班会目的及活动安排；
2.请他参加并在会后发表感想。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
提示词语：infrmatin security
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
六、读后续写
34、阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Jenny was the nly child in her hme. She had a quarrel with her mther that afternn and she ran ut f the huse angrily. She culdn't help weeping srrwfully when she thught f the sclding frm her mther. Having wandered aimlessly in the street fr hurs, she felt a little hungry and wished fr smething t eat, but it was nt even pssible fr her, since she had nthing with her. She std beside a stand(货摊) fr a while, watching the middle-aged seller busy ding his business. Hwever, with n mney in hand, she sighed and had t leave.
The seller behind the stand nticed the yung girl and asked, "Hey, girl, yu want t have the ndles?"
"Oh, yes... but I dn't have mney n me..." she replied.
"That's nthing. I'll treat yu tday," said the man, "cme in."
The seller brught her a bwl f ndles, whse smell was s attractive. As she was eating, Jenny cried silently.
"What is it?" asked the man kindly.
"Nthing, actually I was just tuched by yur kindness!" said Jenny as she wiped her tears, "Even a stranger n the street will give me a bwl f ndles, while my mther, drve me ut f the huse. She shwed n care fr me. She is s merciless cmpared t a stranger!"
Hearing the wrds, the seller smiled, "Girl, d yu really think s? I nly gave yu a bwl f ndles and yu thanked me a lt. But it is yur mther wh has raised yu since yu were a baby. Can yu number the times she cked fr yu? Have yu expressed yur gratitude t her?"
Jenny sat there, speechless and numb with shck; she remembered mther's familiar face and weathered hands. "Why did I nt think f that? A bwl f ndles frm a stranger made me feel indebted, but I have never thanked my mum fr what she has dne fr me."
On the way hme, Jenny made up her mind t make an aplgy t her mther fr her rudeness as sn as she arrived hme.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
Nearing the drway, Jenny tk a deep breath.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A gentle tuch n her hair called her mind back.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1、答案：D
解析：根据第一段中的With a cmbined print, nline and mbile readership f mre than 350 millin, it serves a vital rle in telling the wrld abut China, prviding a valuable insight int the wrld's secnd largest ecnmy.可知,发行《中国日报》的主要目的是帮助全球人民更好地了解中国。故选D项。
2、答案：A
解析：根据Visin China Lectures部分中的A series f talks are rganized by China Daily in which leading plitical and business figures are invited以及Asia Leadership Rundtable部分中的a platfrm fr high-level dialg and cmmunicatin amng leaders and scial elites in the fields f plitics, business and academia in Asia可知,中国观察智库论坛和亚洲领导圆桌论坛都涉及政治家和商人。
3、答案：C
解析：根据文章最后一句Fr mre details, click here.可知,文章可能来自一个网站。故选C项。
4、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中She redesigned their curses fr the English department... her English language learners have shwn a 40 percent increase in their reading.(她重新设计了英语系的课程,使其在文化上与她主要来自非洲、中东、加勒比地区和南美洲的学生相关。从那以后,她的英语学习者的阅读能力增长了40%)可知,Thrpe重新设计的课程让学生们花了更多的时间阅读。故选A。
5、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中Organized by UNESCO and first awarded in 2015... wh has made a vast difference t the prfessin.(全球教师奖由联合国教科文组织组织,于2015年首次颁发,每年颁发给为该专业做出巨大贡献的教师)可知,全球教师奖针对有巨大贡献的教师。故选C。
6、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段Ms. Thrpe spent a lt f time encuraging her pupils... fr their educatin.(Thrpe女士花了很多时间鼓励她的学生申请大学,帮助他们申请并获得全额奖学金。她在2018-2019年帮助她的高年级学生赢得了11所大学超过670万美元的奖学金,其中大多数学生无需支付学费)以及倒数第二段She plans t use the prize mney t give less well-ff pupils an pprtunity f receiving a third level educatin. “Every persn deserves the right t educatin and I want t be that persn wh champins that fr them. I plan t use the mney t help students wrldwide access higher educatin,” she said. “Students are the reasn I'm here, s I plan t use that t prmte them and create a better future fr them.”(她计划用这笔奖金给不太富裕的学生一个接受第三层次教育的机会。“每个人都有受教育的权利,我想成为那个为他们捍卫这一权利的人。我计划用这笔钱来帮助世界各地的学生接受高等教育。学生是我来到这里的原因,所以我打算用这一点来宣传他们,为他们创造更美好的未来。”)可推知,Thrpe关心他人且乐于奉献。故选B。
7、答案：D
解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段An American teacher... an English teacher in Maryland, was selected frm mre than 8,000 teacher in 121 cuntries.(一名帮助低收入、移民、第一代美国人和难民学生获得大学教育的美国教师赢得了100万美元的全球教师奖。马里兰州的英语教师Keishia Thrpe是从121个国家的8000多名教师中挑选出来的)结合文章主要说明了马里兰州的英语教师Keishia Thrpe获得了全球教师奖,并且赢得了100万美元的奖金。文章介绍了她所做出的贡献以及全球教师奖的相关知识。可知,D选项"高中教师赢得了100万美元的奖金"最符合文章标题。故选D。
8、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。由本文第一段It enjys such ppularity that Mark Zuckerberg, CEO f Facebk, has annunced recently that he's changing his cmpany's name t Meta Platfrms Inc. in rder t engage in the creative new trend.(它如此受欢迎,以至于Facebk的首席执行官马克·扎克伯格最近宣布,他将把公司的名字改为元平台公司,以参与这一创造性的新趋势。)可知扎克伯格将公司改名为元平台公司,因为他打算参与元宇宙。故选B。
9、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。由本文第三段Zuckerberg has described it as a “virtual envirnment” yu can g inside f rather than just lking at n a screen. Essentially, it's a wrld f intercnnected virtual cmmunities where peple can meet, wrk and play, by using virtual reality glasses, smartphne r ther devices. The metaverse als culd be a game-changer fr the wrk-frm-hme shift during the COVID-19. Instead f nly seeing c-wrkers n a vide call, emplyees culd even jin them in a virtual ffice.(扎克伯格将其描述为一个“虚拟环境”,你可以进入其中,而不仅仅是在屏幕上观看。从本质上讲,这是一个相互连接的虚拟社区世界,人们可以通过虚拟现实眼镜、智能手机或其他设备在这里见面、工作和娱乐。元宇宙也可能成为COVID-19期间在家工作的游戏规则改变者。员工们不仅可以通过视频电话与同事们见面,还可以在虚拟办公室中与他们会面。)可知在元宇宙,人们可以在虚拟办公室开会。故选B。
10、答案：D
解析：推理判断题。由本文第四段Hwever, Zuckerberg's supprt fr the metaverse cntradicts a central belief f its biggest enthusiasts. They regard the metaverse as nline culture's liberatin frm tech platfrms like Facebk that nt nly take cntrl f peple's accunts, phts and psts, but als trade ff what they cllected frm that data. “We want t be able t mve arund the Internet with ease, but we als want t be able t mve arund the Internet in a way we're nt tracked and mnitred,” said Steve Jang, wh fcuses n crypt-currency(数字货币) technlgy.(然而,扎克伯格对元宇宙的支持与它最大的狂热者的核心信念相矛盾。他们认为元宇宙是网络文化从Facebk等科技平台中解放出来的产物,这些平台不仅控制着人们的账户、照片和帖子,还会对他们从这些数据中收集到的信息进行交易。"我们希望能够轻松地在互联网上移动,但我们也希望能够以一种不被跟踪和监控的方式在互联网上移动,“专注于加密货币技术的史蒂夫·张说。)可知用户应该对自己的数据有控制权。故选D。
11、答案：C
解析：观点态度题。由本文最后一段When it cmes t Facebk trying t lead the way int a virtual wrld, there is a grwing cncern amng sme peple that it culd require even mre persnal data and cause greater risks fr infrmatin abuse when the cmpany hasn't fixed thse prblems in its current platfrms.(当谈到Facebk试图引领人们进入虚拟世界时,一些人越来越担心,在该公司尚未在现有平台上解决这些问题的情况下,它可能需要更多的个人数据,并造成更大的信息滥用风险。)可知对于Facebk试图引导元世界,一些人持担心的态度。A.Optimistic.乐观的;B.Neutral.中立的;C.Wrried.担心的;D.Pessimistic.悲观的。故选C。
12、答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据Nw, an analysis f the evlutinary histry f mre than 700 waterbird species shws that nce a bird grup gains the ability t dive, the change is irreversible, which culd help explain why diving birds have a higher extinctin rate cmpared with nndiving birds.(现在,一项对700多种水鸟进化史的分析表明,一旦一个鸟类群体获得了潜水能力,这种变化是不可逆转的,这可能有助于解释为什么潜水鸟比非潜水鸟有更高的灭绝率。)可知,划线的词意为“不可逆转的”。结合选项A.Unexpected.出乎意料的;B.Unchangeable.不可变的;C.Unreal.不真实的;D.Unwelcme.不受欢迎的。分析可知,B项与划线词意思接近。故选B。
13、答案：D
解析：目的意图题。根据第三段"There are cnsiderable mrphlgica(形态学的) adaptatins fr diving." says Catherine Sheard, an evlutinary bilgist at the University f Bristl in England. Fr instance, gannets and sme pelicans that dive int the water frm the air have twists t the neck muscles and the bnes in the chest.(英国布里斯托尔大学的进化生物学家Catherine Sheard说:"潜水有相当大的形态学适应。"例如,塘鹅和一些鹈鹕从空中跳入水中时,颈部肌肉和胸部骨骼都有扭曲。)可知,第3段提到"塘鹅和鹈鹕"是为了进一步解释生物学家Catherine Sheard所说的"潜水有相当大的形态学适应"。结合选项A.T present a fact.为了陈述一个事实;B.T illustrate a cncept.为了说明一个概念;C.T give a definitin.给出一个定义;D.T explain a phenmenn.为了解释一种现象。分析可知,D项符合文意。故选D。
14、答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段Evlutinary bilgists Jsh Tyler and Jane Yunger investigated the evlutin f diving in a cllectin f 727 waterbird species acrss 11 bird grups. They explred the link between diving and the develpment f new species, r their extinctin, in varius bird lineages(家族). Amng 236 diving bird species, 75, r 32 percent, were part f lineages that are experiencing 0.02 mre species extinctins per millin years than the generatin f new species. Bird lineages that dn't dive, n the ther hand, generated 0.1 mre new species per millin years than the rate f species dying ut.(进化生物学家乔什·泰勒和简·杨格调查了11个鸟类群中727种水鸟的潜水进化。他们在各种鸟类谱系中探索了潜水与新物种发展或灭绝之间的联系。在236种潜水鸟中,有75种或32%是每百万年灭绝的物种数量比新物种数量多0.02种的世系。另一方面,不潜水的鸟类谱系每百万年产生的新物种比物种灭绝的速度多0.1个。)可知,进化生物学家乔什·泰勒和简·杨格通过数据进行对比得出他们的研究结果。故选A。
15、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句The range f envirnments available fr fraging is much larger fr the nndiving birds than fr the specialist divers, and this may play int their ability t adapt and thrive.(对于不潜水的鸟类来说,觅食环境的范围要比专业潜水员大得多,这可能有助于它们适应和茁壮成长的能力。)可知,非潜水鸟类更多的食物选择,这对于它们的灭绝率较低有影响。故选C。
16、答案：CAEGF
解析：①上文"Calendars are fr managing yur time. They wrk vertime t keep the messiness f human life cnfined int neat little grids, squeezing ur lives int secnds, minutes and hurs. I appreciate a calendar's determined effrts t manage time.(日历用于管理您的时间。它们加班加点,把人类生活中的混乱局限在整洁的小格子里,把我们的生活压缩成几秒钟、几分钟和几小时。我欣赏日历为管理时间所做的坚定努力)"讲述了日历的作用,它把人们的生活限制在整齐的小格子中,作者表示出对日历的欣赏。下文"Fr the past several years, I've kept a planner with me at all times. The real magic in planners, t me, cmes in the blank space where I reflect n the past and imagine the future. Cracking pen a fresh week's layut n a Mnday mrning and seeing the empty pages expand like a canvas waiting t be filled, the tne f the week yet t be set, the pssibilities endless.(在过去的几年里,我一直都有一个规划簿。对我来说,规划簿的真正魔力来自于我反思过去和想象未来的空白空间。在周一的早晨打开一周的新布局,看到空白的页面像画布一样展开,等待填满,本周的基调尚未设定,可能性无限)"讲到在过去的几年里,作者一直随身带着一个规划簿,它给作者的神奇魔力是空白的空间,给作者无限可能,没有束缚。因此,可以推断出空格内容应表示转折对比,体现规划簿的没有束缚特征,C选项"但规划簿支持无限制的梦想。"切题。故选C项。
②上文"Yu start by creating a wish list fr yur ideal life. The idea is t be as specific as pssible. Yu then pick the ne gal that wuld have the biggest psitive impact. Yu break that gal dwn int smaller tasks, and then priritize them.(你首先要为你的理想生活建立一个愿望清单。想法是尽可能具体。然后你选择一个会产生最大积极影响的目标。你将目标分解为较小的任务,然后对它们进行优先级排序)"讲到列一个详细的愿望清单,挑选一个最有积极影响的目标,然后把它们分成一个个小任务,然后排序。下文"This methd turns a general idea in yur head int smething that yu can actually accmplish. Frm there, yu can reflect every mnth n hw yu spent yur time, and whether what yu did actually is cnsistent with the gals yu set.(这种方法将你头脑中的一个总的想法转变为你可以实际完成的事情。从那里,你可以每个月反思你是如何度过时间的,以及你所做的事情是否与你设定的目标一致)"讲到这个方法的作用,在那里可以反映出你每个月时间的分配。因此,可以推断,空格中应对上文的小任务进行处理。下文的there有所指,故选项中应出现一个东西或者地方,结合第一段讲到日历的作用可知,there指日历,A选项"然后,将这些任务添加到日历中。"切题。故选A项。
③段首的空格,因此我们要往后看。由下文"It leaves n digital ftprint, but it des leave a paper trail that yu can lk back n fr years t cme. It desn't buzz impatiently when yu dn't lk at it, and it will nt be exprted t Outlk. It requires yu t sit in quiet cnversatin with yurself, reflecting n yur past and visualizing yur future.(它没有留下数字足迹,但它确实留下了纸上的痕迹,你可以在未来几年回顾。当你不看它时,它不会不耐烦地发出嗡嗡声,也不会导出到Outlk。它要求你与自己静静地交谈,反思你的过去,想象你的未来)"可知,空格处是这一段的总起句,这个"它"指的就是paper planner(纸张规划簿),纸张规划簿给作者带来了平静,E选项"使用纸张规划簿给我带来了快乐和平静。"切题。故选E项。
④由上文"It frces me t answer hard truths, like what d I really want ut f life and am I spending my days in line with wh I want t be.(它迫使我回答一些残酷的事实,比如我真正想要的是什么,我的日子是按照我想成为的人度过的吗)"讲到纸张规划簿促使作者回答一些残酷的事实,让作者思考真正想从生活中得到什么,有没有活成自己想要的样子。因此,可以推测,这个空格也是在探讨生活究竟是什么,G选项"毕竟,我们的生活是我们如何花费时间和关注什么的总和。"切题。故选G项。
⑤上文"Planning helps me ensure that I'm nt a passenger at the mercy f my calendar, but rather driving tward a destinatin that I chse.(计划有助于我确保我不是一个受日历支配的乘客,而是朝着我选择的目的地开车)"讲到计划帮助作者确保自己不是一个被日历支配的旅客,而是驶向自己选择的终点,再结合下文"And sme really nice pens.(还有一些非常漂亮的钢笔)"可知,写计划需要钢笔,因此,可以推断空格内容要承上启下。承接上文计划是一个重要的仪式,引起下文,它需要重量和仪式,也需要好的钢笔。F选项"这是一个值得重视和仪式的重要仪式。"切题。故选F项。
17、答案：B
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.schlmate同学;B.grandfather祖父;C cmpanin同伴;D.stranger陌生人。根据下文Hwever, he wasn't sure hw t test whether his schlmates were real friends r nt, s he asked his grandfather.提示可知,一天,他爷爷对他说:“约瑟夫,我跟你打赌一大袋爆米花,你的朋友并不像你想象的那么多。”故选B。
18、答案：A
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.accepted接受;B.nticed注意;C.cncluded得出结论;D.believed相信。根据下文the bet at nce.可知,约瑟夫立刻接受了打赌。故选A。
19、答案：C
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.passed通过;B.recvered恢复;C.returned返回;D.disapppeared消失。根据下文sn as if carrying smething in his hands可知,然后他离开了,很快就回来了。故选C。
20、答案：D
解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.sft软的;B.beautiful漂亮的;C.cmfrtable舒服的;D.special特别的。根据下文with the strange and invisible chair.可知,这是一个非常特殊的椅子上:因为它是看不见的。故选D。
21、答案：D
解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.exciting令人激动的;B.wnderful精彩的;C.psitive积极的;D.diffcult困难的。根据前文because it's invisible 可知,要想坐上这个椅子很难。故选D。
22、答案：C
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.intend打算;B.decide决定;C.manage设法;D.hpe希望。如果你把它带到学校去,并设法坐上去,激活它的魔力,它就会辨别谁是真正的朋友。故选C。
23、答案：B
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.prmise答应;B.magic魔力;C.memry记忆;D.knwledge知识。根据下文kept trying t sit n the magic chair.可知,如果你把它带到学校去,并设法坐上去,激活它的魔力,它就会辨别谁是真正的朋友。故选B。
24、答案：B
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.hme家;B.schl学校;C.party聚会;D.hspital医院。根据前文but if yu take it t schl可知,约瑟夫勇敢而坚决,带着那把奇怪的看不见的椅子去上学了。故选B。
25、答案：A
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.circle圆圈;B.ppcrn爆米花;C.chair椅子;D.bag包。根据下文and he put himself in the middle, with his chair.可知,课间休息时,他让大家围成一圈,所以选A。
26、答案：D
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.escaped逃离;B.held举行;C.sat坐;D.missed错过。根据下文But again he missed theses提示可知,因为很难看到椅子,约瑟夫尽力想坐在椅子上,但没坐到座位上,径直倒在地上。故选D。
27、答案：C
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.prviding提供;B.mving移动;C.causing引起;D.lsing失去。根据下文mre surprised lks and a few catcalls可知, 但是,他再次没坐到座位上,引起更多惊讶的表情和一些喝倒彩声。故选C。
28、答案：A
解析：考查动词短语及语境理解。A.give up放弃;B.watch ver监视;C.turn dwn拒绝;D.srt ut整理。根据下文kept trying t sit n the magic chair可知,约瑟夫没有放弃,继续试着坐在那把神奇的椅子上。故选A。
29、答案：C
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.sit坐;B.care关心;C.fall跌倒;D.stand站。根据下文Lking arund, Jseph saw three f his best friends hlding him up可知,他突然又试了一次,但是没有摔倒。故选C。
30、答案：A
解析：考查副词及语境理解。A.Hwever然而;B.Mrever 此外;C.Besides除此之外;D.Therefre因此。根据下文many thers he had thught f as friends had dne nthing but make fun f him.可知,然而,许多他认为是朋友的人除了取笑他之外什么也没做。故选A。
31、答案：D
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.relative亲戚;B.neighbr邻居;C.teammate团队;D.cmpanin同伴。根据前文I'm sure many f them are nthing mre than cmpanins可知,真正的朋友不只是碰巧路过的同伴。故选D。
32、答案：①latest②that③cnsists④practiced⑤fighting⑥t use⑦a⑧urgently⑨and⑩as
解析：①考查形容词。句意:但对于美国电影制作人Laurence J. Brahm来说他首先想到的是非暴力的概念,他最近完成了他的最新作品《寻找功夫》。结合句意和句子结构,空处作定语,意为“最新的”,应用形容词late的最高级latest。故填latest。
②考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导限制性定语从句,从句缺少主语,指物的先行词thing被序数词修饰,只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。
③考查时态。句意:正如Brahm解释的那样,如果你把“武”这个字分解,它包含两个字:一个是“戈”,意思是匕首斧;另一个是“止”,意思是停止。空处为主句谓语动词,陈述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语it是第三人称单数,故谓语动词应用单数形式。故填cnsists。
④考查非谓语动词。句意:在拍摄这部电影时,Brahm考察了中国广泛使用的不同形式的功夫,采访了许多大师和学者。句中已有谓语动词lked int,故空处应填非谓语动词,practice和kung fu之间是逻辑被动关系,应用过去分词作后置定语。故填practiced。
⑤考查非谓语动词。句意:“功夫大师会不惜一切代价避免打架。虽然你知道如何使用武力,但你是最后一个使用武力的人,因为你知道这件事的结果。”根据短语avid ding“避免做某事”可知,空处应填所给词的动名词形式作宾语。故填fighting。
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意同上。主句中已有谓语动词are,空处应填非谓语动词,代词ne被the last修饰,因此引用不定式作后置定语。故填t use。
⑦考查冠词。句意:Brahm说:“在我看来,功夫是中国文化的一面镜子。”mirrr“镜子”是可数名词,此处为泛指,应用不定冠词修饰,且该词的第一个音素是辅音音素,故填a。
⑧考查副词。句意:Brahm认为,当今世界迫切需要重启国家之间的平等交流,功夫等文化和体育可以成为一个很好的渠道和平台。修饰动词needs应用所给词的副词形式。故填urgently。
⑨考查连词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知,“that (urgent) needs t tday's wrld _____ restart equal exchanges between cuntries”和"that culture and sprts, such as kung fu, can ____ a great channel and platfrm.”是并列的宾语从句,应用and连接。故填and。Serve
⑩考查介词。句意同上8小题。serve as“充当,用作”是固定短语。故填as。
33、答案：
Dear Jim,
Hw are yu ding? Our class is ging t hld a class meeting recently, whse theme is “Infrmatin Security Educatin”. I’m writing t share sme details with yu and invite yu t take part in it.
With the increasing ppularity f Internet, the security f it is becming mre and mre imprtant, especially fr us students. Raising the awareness f infrmatin security and learning hw t use the Internet safely are the purpse f ur class meeting, which will be held at 2:00 pm this Friday in ur classrm. T begin with, we’ll be prvided with sme vides t learn abut what security prblems and threats are and hw they d harm t us. In additin, the teacher will instruct us what measures we can take t prtect ur infrmatin security. Last but nt least, all the students and teachers invlved in the meeting can cmmunicate with each ther abut their wn thughts. We wuld appreciate it very much if yu can jin in the meeting and express yur idea after it.
Lking frward t yur participatin.
Yurs,
Li Hua
解析：本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给交换生Jim写封邮件,告诉他有关近期要开展的“信息安全教育”主题班会的相关信息和安排,邀请他参加并在会后发表感想。
1.词汇积累
安全: security→safety
参加: take part in→jin in
目的: purpse→aim
对……有害: d harm t...→be harmful t ...
此外:in additin→besides
2.句式拓展
同义句转化
原句:Our class is ging t hld a class meeting recently, whse theme is "Infrmatin Security Educatin".
拓展句:Our class is ging t hld a class meeting recently with the theme f "Infrmatin Security Educatin".
【高分句型1】 Raising the awareness f infrmatin security and learning hw t use the Internet safely are the purpse f ur class meeting, which will be held at 2:00pm this Friday in ur classrm.(运用了动名词作主语;以hw引导的宾语从句和以 which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】T begin with, we'll be prvided with sme vides t learn abut what security prblems and threats are and hw they d harm t us.(运用了what 和 hw引导的宾语从句)
34、答案：
Nearing the drway, Jenny tk a deep breath. When she kncked at the dr, she fund the dr was lcked and her mther was nt in. Tired and sad, she sat dwn in frnt f the huse. “Where culd my mther be?” she wndered, “Was she still angry with me?” Again, the scene f the quarrel appeared in her mind. She remembered her rudeness t her mther. Realizing that all the sclding frm her mther was due t the fact that her mther really cared a lt abut her, she felt rather ashamed, and tears began t rll dwn her cheeks.
A gentle tuch n her hair called her mind back. She raised her head and saw the familiar face f her mther. “Here yu cme! I've been lking fr yu,” she said, tired and relieved. Jenny culdn't help thrwing herself int her mther's arms. “Mum, I'm s srry and thank yu fr all yu have dne fr me.” She expressed her sincere aplgy and great gratitude. Hearing this, her mther smiled, patting her back gently.