适用于老高考旧教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解考点分类练8词句猜测题2（附解析）

这是一份适用于老高考旧教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解考点分类练8词句猜测题2（附解析），共7页。
Passage1
(2023河南开封三模)
Recently,a big change quietly tk place in agriculture.Yet neither drught nr frst is ever a cncern fr grwers f plants currently grwn inside large greenhuses.Vegetables are increasingly being grwn indrs,using an advanced frm f grwing called cntrlled envirnment agriculture,a methd that has the ptential t help feed the planet,even while it threatens t further warm it.
Cntrlled envirnment agriculture has many advantages.Crps are nt subject t unexpected extreme weather.Furthermre,these greenhuses can prduce mre fd with fewer pesticides and less water.With cmputer-cntrlled temperatures and nutrients,the plants grw with less water and prduce much higher yields.Abve all,the prduce can be bred fr flavr,instead f fr tlerance t heat,rain and lng-distance transprtatin.
The carbn ftprint f any given greenhuse tmat can vary quite a bit depending n energy surces,surrunding temperatures and natural light.But varius studies have estimated that,n average,the prductin f a pund f tmates in an American r nrthern Eurpean greenhuse releases 3 t 3.5 punds f carbn int the atmsphere.That is abut 6 times the carn ftprint f a field tmat,even taking int accunt the emissins frm refrigerated trucks that ften transprt field vegetables hundreds r even thusands f miles t reach cnsumers.Greenhuses,by cntrast,can be built near majr ppulatin centers.
Nevertheless,in a rapidly warming wrld,shuld we be increasing agriculture’s cntributin by mving sme f it indrs?“We have little chice,” say advcates.“With the glbal ppulatin expected t grw by 25 percent t nearly 10 billin peple by 2050,fd prductin will need t increase by 60 percent t 100 percent.With freshwater supplies and land suitable fr farming decreasing,and drughts getting wrse due t climate change,where will this additinal fd cme frm?”
1.What des the underlined part “a big change” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A.The rapid increase f ppulatin.
B.The threatens f warming the planet.
C.The way t deal with natural disasters.
D.The tendency t grw vegetables indrs.
2.What des cntrlled envirnment agriculture mainly fcus n?
A.Making crps taste gd.
B.Planting crps with less water.
C.Grwing crps in extreme weather.
D.Transprting crps frm a lng distance.
3.What d we knw abut American greenhuse tmates?
A.They are nt high-yielding crps.
B.They are nt really envirnmentally friendly.
C.They are grwn far frm ppulatin centers.
D.They are mainly exprted t nrthern Eurpe.
4.Which f the fllwing statements may the advcates agree with?
A.Greenhuse planting is a necessary temprizing measure.
B.Greenhuse planting is tailred fr small-ppulatin natins.
C.Greenhuse planting can help spread the idea f healthy eating.
D.Greenhuse planting shuld be stpped frm warming the wrld.
Passage2
(2023湖南邵阳二模)
Our planet Earth is full f life and has incredible bidiversity.Bilgical diversity r bidiversity is the base f human existence and fundamental t its well-being.Species are the building blcks f this life n Earth,and it is believed that the species that are at present glbally fund have cntinuusly evlved ver 65 millin years since the Last Mass Extinctin.Hwever,the nature and extent f ur planet’s bidiversity at all levels have nt been cmpletely evaluated yet.Thus,the exact number f species fund in the wrld remains unknwn.Over the years,with the advancement f scientific knwledge and the discvery f mre new species,it has been apprximated that there are,at present,10 millin t 14 millin species n Earth,f which 1.2 millin species have been data-based.This means that still mre than 86% f the terrestrial(陆生的) and 91% f the marine species remain unknwn.
Every year,taxnmists(分类学家)describe thusands f species,sme f which are cmpletely new t science,while in sme cases,the species and subspecies are clsely examined and determined whether they can be cnsidered distinct species.
A study has revealed that ver 99.9% f all species amunting t mre than 5 billin species that ever lived here,are believed t be extinct.At present,ur planet huses millins f species,amng which 86% live n land,13% in the deep subsurface,and a mere 1% in the ceans.Hwever,bidiversity is nt evenly distributed n Earth,and its number varies greatly n different cntinents.
The undiscvered and misidentified species slw ur ability t understand patterns and changes in glbal bidiversity and the rate f species extinctins(灭绝).Even after several years f taxnmic studies,nly 14% f terrestrial species and 9% f marine species have been fficially added t the central database.Necessarily,sme species will becme extinct befre researchers realize they ever existed.
5.Whatdestheunderlinedwrd“marine”meaninparagraph1?
A.Rare. B.Oceanic.
C.Endangered.D.Nvel.
6.What d taxnmists usually d?
A.Examine distributin f species.
B.Cmpare species frm subspecies.
C.Decide the situatin f the species.
D.Describe diversity f new-fund species.
7.Which f the fllwing can describe the distributin f the Earth’s bidiversity?
A.Unequal.B.Accumulative.
C.Average.D.Maximum.
8.What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A.The central database cvers all species.
B.The rate f species extinctins is rather high.
C.Many undiscvered species have been extinct.
D.Humans knw little abut endangered species.
Passage3
(2023辽宁鞍山一模)
Humans are develping new places t live in.In the suth f Silicn Valley sits the Mnterey Peninsula,where yu’ll find a mveable cmmunity that’s being designed as a rest regin fr the regin’s tech elites(精英).
Walden Mnterey was funded in 2016 by develper Nick Jekgian,wh set ut t turn the 609-acre land int a castal “agrihd” cmmunity,a grwing trend amng the tech elites in which they avid the idea f belnging t glf cmmunities,unlike what the previus generatins have dne,and instead enjy agricultural neighbrhds that fcus n nature,farms,and utdr living.
The prperty plans t build 22 hmes in ttal,with the lts they sit csting abut $1 millin each(three lts have been sld,as f September 2018).After the sales are made,buyers can wrk with a team f mre than 20 architects assembled by Jekgian t then pay additinal millins each fr hme cnstructin.
A key step in the buying prcess invlves ptential buyers actually visiting the land.Jekgian invites peple t stay in “mveable rms” r small mveable glass huses,which allw them t experience what living n the land wuld actually be like.
But nw,Walden Mnterey will sn prvide a new way t try ut the land.The design studi DFA,funded by Laith Sayigh,was apprached by Walden Mnterey t design a huse fr ptential buyers t stay each in while they think abut purchase decisins.
The 3D-printed huses,named Galini Sleeping Pds,are 300 square feet in size,can be mved anywhere,are pwered by slar panels,wind turbines and Tesla batteries,and will cst abut $250,000 each.Sayigh tld BusinessInsider that they’ re nt just a future staple fr the Walden Mnterey cmmunity,but that they represent the next generatin f cnstructin technlgy.
9.What life d the tech elites like accrding t the text?
A.Getting clse t nature.
B.Playing glf after wrk.
C.Living in a big huse.
D.Having a huse in Silicn Valley.
10.What’s the purpse f designing Galini Sleeping Pds?
A.T attract mre peple t visit the design studi DFA.
B.T give a rule fr the future cnstructin technlgy.
C.T call n architects t build mre mveable cmmunities.
D.T ffer buyers chances t try living in a mveable huse.
11.Whatdestheunderlinedwrd“they”inthelastparagraphrefert?
A.Slar panels.
B.The 3D-printed huses.
C.Tesla batteries.
D.The Walden Mnterey Cmmunity.
12.What can we infer frm the text?
A.The style f the huses depends n buyers’ wn ideas.
B.Buyers shuld pay ff the expense f the huses in ne attempt.
C.The mney spent n cnstructing the huses is mre than the cst f the lts.
D.Buyers f the huses are frbidden t get invlved in the prcess f cnstructing.
答案：
Passage1
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的农业种植方式——控制环境农业方式,该方法有可能帮助养活地球上的人们,尽管它可能会进一步使地球变暖。
1.D 词句猜测题。根据画线词组下文可知,农业发生了重大变化,指的是越来越多的人在室内种植蔬菜。故选D项。
2.A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Abveall,theprducecanbebredfrflavr,insteadffrtlerancetheat,rainandlng-distancetransprtatin.”可知,这种种植方式的焦点是为了农产品的风味,也就是为了让这些农产品尝起来更好。故选A项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Butvariusstudieshaveestimatedthat,naverage,”可知,在温室培育西红柿所排放的碳要远比在田间培育西红柿多得多,也就是说它们根本不环保。故选B项。
4.A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,支持这种种植方式的人认为,即便这种种植方式会排放温室气体,但是为了地球上的人们,这种种植方式是必要的权宜之计。故选A项。
Passage2
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地球上存在的生物多样性和物种的数量。
5.B 词句猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“Thismeansthatstillmrethan86%ftheterrestrialand91%fthemarinespeciesremainunknwn.”中的“mrethan86%ftheterrestrial”可知,画线词指与“陆生的”相对,即“海生的”,与B项“ceanic”意思相同。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第二段的“whileinsmecases,thespeciesandsubspeciesareclselyexaminedanddeterminedwhethertheycanbecnsidereddistinctspecies.”可知,分类学家通常会确定物种的情况。
7.A 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Hwever,bidiversityisntevenlydistributednEarth,anditsnumbervariesgreatlyndifferentcntinents.”可知,地球上的生物多样性的分布是不均的,不同洲的生物种类的数量大为不同。
8.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Necessarily,smespecieswillbecmeextinctbefreresearchersrealizetheyeverexisted.”可知,许多未被发现的物种已经灭绝。
Passage3
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为科技精英设计的可移动的房子,它具有可持续发展的特点,也满足这些科技精英接近自然的喜好。
9.A 细节理解题。根据第二段可知,科技精英中的一个日益增长的趋势是,他们与前几代人不同,他们没有高尔夫社区的想法,而是拥抱以自然农场和户外生活为重点的农业社区,因此可知,科技精英喜欢接近自然。
10.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The3D-printedhuses,namedGaliniSleepingPds,are300squarefeetinsize,canbemvedanywhere,arepweredbyslarpanels,windturbinesandTeslabatteries,andwillcstabut$250,000each.” 可知,设计Galini睡眠舱的目的是让买家有机会尝试住在活动房屋中。
11.B 词句猜测题。根据上文“The3D-printedhuses,namedGaliniSleepingPds,are300squarefeetinsize,canbemvedanywhere,arepweredbyslarpanels,windturbinesandTeslabatteries,andwillcstabut$250,000each.”可知,下文画线句中的they指代上文提的“The3D-printedhuses”。
12.C 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Theprpertyplanstbuild22hmesinttal,withtheltstheysitcstingabut$1millineach(threeltshavebeensld,asfSeptember2018).”和最后一段的“willcstabut$250,000each”可知,建造房屋所花的钱为$250,000*22($5,500,000)超过了地皮的成本($1,000,000)。
词汇积累:
1.(Passage 1)increasingly adv.越来越多地;不断增加地
2.(Passage 1)nutrient n.营养物
3.(Passage 1)transprt vt.运输,运送
4.(Passage 2)fundamental adj.根本的,必不可少的
5.(Passage 2)amunt t总计为
6.(Passage 2)distribute vt.使分布
7.(Passage 3)try ut尝试,试用
8.(Passage 3)staple adj.主要的
熟词生义:
(Passage 3)pwer vt.给……提供能量
长难句分析:
1.(Passage 2)Every year,taxnmists describe thusands f species,sme f which are cmpletely new t science,while in sme cases,the species and subspecies are clsely examined and determined whether they can be cnsidered distinct species.
分析:本句为并列复合句。while为并列连词,表示对比,意为“而”;sme f which are cmpletely new t science为非限制性定语从句,whether they can be cnsidered distinct species为whether引导的宾语从句。
句意:每年,分类学家都要描述成千上万个物种,其中一些对科学来说是全新的,而在某些情况下,物种和亚种要经过仔细检查,以确定它们是否可以被认为是不同的物种。
2.(Passage 3)Walden Mnterey was funded in 2016 by develper Nick Jekgian,wh set ut t turn the 609-acre land int a castal “agrihd” cmmunity,a grwing trend amng the tech elites in which they avid the idea f belnging t glf cmmunities,unlike what the previus generatins have dne,and instead enjy agricultural neighbrhds that fcus n nature,farms,and utdr living.
分析:本句为复合句。wh set ut t turn the 609-acre land int a castal “agrihd” cmmunity为wh引导的非限制性定语从句;in which they avid the idea f belnging t glf cmmunities为in which引导的定语从句;what the previus generatins have dne为what引导的宾语从句;that fcus n nature,farms,and utdr living为that引导的定语从句。
句意:Walden Mnterey由开发商Nick Jekgian于2016年创立,他打算将609英亩的土地变成一个沿海“农业”社区,这在科技精英中是一种日益增长的趋势,他们避免属于高尔夫社区的想法,不像前几代人所做的那样,而是专注于享受自然、农场和户外生活的农业社区。