适用于老高考旧教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解考点分类练12主旨大意题3（附解析）

这是一份适用于老高考旧教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解考点分类练12主旨大意题3（附解析），共8页。
Passage1
(2023江西吉安一模)
Parents and teachers wrry abut the lss f learning caused by the pandemic and want t catch up immediately.But it’s unrealistic t think that a few mnths will fully clse the gaps.
Educatrs tend t underestimate the imprtance f knwledge,as thugh rte(死记硬背) teaching harms teaching higher-rder thinking.But science shws therwise.The prcesses that teachers care abut mst,like critical thinking,are clsely intercnnected with factual knwledge stred in lng-term memry.Yet we cntinue t rmanticize an impssible shrtcut:teaching critical thinking as if it were a universally applicable skill.
Take the subject f reading,which schls see as thinking skills that can be taught directly:I will teach students what an inference is.Actually,students make inferences when they can read fluently and have the vcabulary and backgrund knwledge t name what is unsaid.
Educatrs als ften underestimate memry.Cgnitive scientist Paul Kirschner argues that building memry is “the aim f all teaching” and that “if nthing has changed in lng-term memry,nthing has been learned”.At the end f a lessn,if students appear t understand an idea,their teacher may think,“Great,they really understand the pint.” But if weeks later,the students frget it,learning has nt really ccurred.
Finally,we must cnsider students’ emtinal needs.Belnging is ne f the mst prfund human emtins.Cnsider a classrm in which students are scialized t cmment:“I agree with Cassidy and want t prvide anther example.” That cnveys t Cassidy that her cmments were meaningful.This wuld als be achieved if,when Cassidy is speaking,her classmates are lking at her,ndding and sending psitive nnverbal scial signals that they value her wrds.Only peers can prvide this sense f belnging,but teachers can cultivate the envirnment.
All in all,if we want t benefit students,we must grund ur teaching in the science that value knwledge and memry,and the rle that belnging plays in students’ study.
1.What can we knw abut critical thinking accrding t the passage?
A.It can be taught directly.
B.It is gradually frmed.
C.It is deeply rted in reading.
D.It is universally applicable.
2.Accrding t Paul Kirschner,when des real learning happen?
A.When students perfrm well in class activities.
B.When students understand what has been taught.
C.When students achieve changes in lng-term memry.
D.When students start t frget unnecessary infrmatin.
3.Whatisthemainideafparagraph5?
A.Nnverbal scial signals matter in class.
B.Being sciable in the classrm is imprtant.
C.Students shuld supprt each ther in class discussins.
D.Classrms are where the feeling f belnging is develped.
4.What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A.T urge schls t teach mre knwledge.
B.T shw cncern abut the influence f the pandemic.
C.T prmte higher-rder thinking like critical thinking.
D.T suggest a scientific way t catch up the lss f learning.
Passage2
(2023陕西榆林二模)
Peple wh cnsume a diet including flavanl(黄烷醇)—rich in fds and drinks,including tea,fruits like apples and berries,culd lead t lwer bld pressure,accrding t the first study using bjective measures f thusands f UK residents’ diet.
The findings,published in Scientific Reprts,studied the diet f mre than 25,000 peple in Nrflk,UK and cmpared what they ate with their bld pressure.In cntrast t mst ther studies investigating links between nutritin and health,the researchers did nt rely n study participants reprting their diet,but instead measured flavanl intake bjectively using nutritinal bimarkers—indicatrs f dietary intake,metablism r nutritinal status that are present in ur bld.
The difference in bld pressure between thse with the lwest 10% f flavanl intake and thse with the highest 10% f intake was between 2 and 4 mmHg.This is cmparable t meaningful changes in bld pressure bserved in thse fllwing a Mediterranean diet r Dietary Appraches t Stp Hypertensin (DASH) diet.Ntably,the effect was mre cnspicuus in participants with high bld pressure.
This research cnfirms the results frm previus dietary interventin studies and shws that the same results can be achieved with a habitual diet rich in flavanls.In the British diet,the main surces are tea,cca,apples and berries.
Prfessr Gunter Kuhnle,a nutritinist at the University f Reading wh led the study,said,“We are delighted t see that in ur study,there is a meaningful and significant assciatin between flavanl cnsumptin and lwer bld pressure.”
“This study adds key insights t a grwing bdy f evidence supprting the benefits f dietary flavanls in health and nutritin.This suggests if the general public increased its flavanl intake,there culd be an verall reductin in cardivascular(心血管的) disease incidence,” Gunter added.
5.In which aspect is the study different frm mst ther similar studies?
A.Research methd.
B.Research bject.
C.Research institutin.
D.Research result.
6.What des the underlined wrd “cnspicuus” in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Cnstant.B.Obvius.
C.Awkward.D.Curius.
7.What may Gunter advise peple t d t reduce cardivascular disease incidence?
A.Adpt a healthy diet.
B.Change lifestyle.
C.Increase flavanl intake.
D.Cnsume less salt and fat.
8.Whatcanbeasuitabletitlefrthetext?
A.Fruits like apples and berries are rich in flavnl
B.Measuring nutritinal bimarkers is mre bjective
C.New study cnfirms the results f dietary interventin
D.High flavanl diet may lead t lwer bld pressure
Passage3
(2023福建福州二模)
In August,Jasn M.Allen’s piece “Theatre D’péra Spatial”—which he created with AI image generatr Midjurney—wn first place in the emerging artist divisin’s “digital arts phtgraphy” categry at the Clrad State Fair Fine Arts Cmpetitin.The definitin fr the categry states that digital art refers t wrks that use “digital technlgy as part f the creative prcess”.
Allen’s award-winning image has led t debates abut what,exactly,it means t be an artist and whether AI can truly make art.“It felt bad fr the exact same reasn we dn’t let rbts participate in the Olympics,” ne Twitter user wrte.“This is the literal definitin f ‘pressed a few buttns t make a digital art piece’,” anther tweeted.
Yet while Allen didn’t use a paintbrush,there was plenty f wrk invlved,he said.First,he played arund with phrasing that led Midjurney t generate images f wmen in elegant dresses and space helmets,in an attempt t mix Victrian-style cstuming with space themes.Over time,with many slight changes t his written prmpt(提示符),he created 900 different versins f what led t his final image.Then he imprved its reslutin thrugh Gigapixel AI and finally had the images printed.
Allen is glad the debate ver whether AI can be used t make art is attracting s much attentin.“Rather than hating n the technlgy,we need t recgnize that it’s a pwerful tl and use it fr gd s we can all mve frward,” Allen said.
Cal Duran,ne f the judges fr the cmpetitin,said that while Allen’s piece included a mentin f AI,he didn’t realize that when judging it.Still,he sticks by his decisin t award it first place.“I think the AI technlgy may give mre pprtunities t peple wh may nt find themselves artists in the cnventinal way,” he said.
9.Why has Jasn’s wrk led t debates?
A.It was a cpy f a phtgraph.
B.He challenged the lder artists.
C.It was created with the help f AI.
D.He brke the rule f the cmpetitin.
10.What can best describe Allen’s creating prcess?
A.Cperative.B.Energy-cnsuming.
C.Straightfrward.D.Imaginatin-lacking.
11.What can we learn abut AI frm the last paragraph?
A.It is a duble-edged swrd.
B.It attracts cnventinal artists.
C.It strikes art judges as n surprise.
D.It may pen a new wrld t artists.
12.Whatisthetextmainlyabut?
A.A trend t be AI artists.
B.An AI-generated art cntest.
C.Respnses t a winning AI artwrk.
D.Curisity abut an image generatr.
答案：
Passage1
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了疫情后如何科学弥补学生学习缺漏。作者认为只教授思辨性思维等高阶思维技巧是不可行的,强调了基础知识、长期记忆和情感归属感对学生学习的重要性。
1.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Theprcessesthatteacherscareabutmst,likecriticalthinking,areclselyintercnnectedwithfactualknwledgestredinlng-termmemry.”及第三段中的举例“Takethesubjectfreading,whichschlsseeasthinkingskillsthatcanbetaughtdirectly:Iwillteachstudentswhataninferenceis.Actually,studentsmakeinferenceswhentheycanreadfluentlyandhavethevcabularyandbackgrundknwledgetnamewhatisunsaid.”可知,思辨性思维是在长期习得的知识的基础上形成的。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中“CgnitivescientistPaulKirschnerarguesthatbuildingmemryis ‘theaimfallteaching’ andthat ‘ifnthinghaschangedinlng-termmemry,nthinghasbeenlearned’.”可知,PaulKirschner认为真正的学习发生在学生的长期记忆有所变化时。
3.D 主旨大意题。根据第五段内容可知,第五段阐述了疫情后,课堂中应关注学生的归属感,以及在课堂中哪些情境可以帮助学生培养归属感。老师们可以努力去创设这种教学情境。因此,本段主要讲述课堂是培养学生归属感的地方。
4.D 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句中的“clsethegaps”及最后一段可知,学校应重视学生的基础知识、长期记忆和归属感。因此本文的目的是推荐一种科学的弥补学习缺漏的方法。
Passage2
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。根据一项对数千名英国居民饮食进行客观测量的研究,含有丰富黄烷醇的食物和饮料,包括茶、苹果和浆果等水果,可能会导致血压降低。
5.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“”可知,这项实验在调查方法方面不同于其他大多数类似研究。故选A项。
6.B 词句猜测题。根据第三段倒数第二句“ThisiscmparabletmeaningfulchangesinbldpressurebservedinthsefllwingaMediterraneandietrDietaryApprachestStpHypertensin(DASH)diet.”和Ntably可知,此处是指这种影响在高血压患者中更为明显。cnspicuus意为“明显的”。故选B项。
7.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Thissuggestsifthegeneralpublicincreaseditsflavanlintake,thereculdbeanverallreductinincardivasculardiseaseincidence”可知,Gunter可能会建议人们增加黄烷醇的摄入量,以减少心血管疾病的发病率。故选C项。
8.D 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容可知,文章主要是讲一项研究发现高黄烷醇饮食可能导致血压降低。故选D项。
Passage3
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章呈现了在人工智能帮助下获奖艺术作品的出现引发的辩论。
9.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Allen’saward-winningimagehasledtdebatesabutwhat,exactly,itmeanstbeanartistandwhetherAIcantrulymakeart.”可推测,人们争论的点是艺术家意味着什么,以及人工智能能否创造艺术,即他的艺术获奖作品是在人工智能的帮助下完成的这件事情导致了争论。
10.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中“First,heplayedarundwithphrasingthatledMidjurneytgenerateimagesfwmeninelegantdressesandspacehelmets,inanattempttmixVictrian-stylecstumingwithspacethemes.”以及最后一句“ThenheimprveditsreslutinthrughGigapixelAIandfinallyhadtheimagesprinted.”可以看出,他的作品是通过他和两种人工智能一起合作而成,即cperative“合作的,协作的”。
11.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Still,hesticksbyhisdecisintawarditfirstplace.‘IthinktheAItechnlgymaygivemrepprtunitiestpeplewhmayntfindthemselvesartistsinthecnventinalway,’ hesaid.”可推测,在这位评委看来,人工智能给艺术和艺术家提供了更多机会,换言之,可能打开艺术新世界的大门。
12.C 主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“Allen’saward-winningimagehasledtdebatesabutwhat,exactly,itmeanstbeanartistandwhetherAIcantrulymakeart.”,第四段第一句“AllenisgladthedebateverwhetherAIcanbeusedtmakeartisattractingsmuchattentin.”以及最后一段中“Still,hesticksbyhisdecisintawarditfirstplace.‘IthinktheAItechnlgymaygivemrepprtunitiestpeplewhmayntfindthemselvesartistsinthecnventinalway,’ hesaid.”可知,本文主要呈现的是这幅在人工智能帮助下完成的艺术作品获奖后引起的辩论,即不同人对此不同的回应。
词汇积累:
1.(Passage 1)catch up赶上
2.(Passage 1)underestimate vt.低估
3.(Passage 1)shw therwise显示并非如此
4.(Passage 1)care abut 关心
5.(Passage 1)critical thinking批判性思维
6.(Passage 1)all in all总而言之
7.(Passage 2)nutritinal adj.营养的
8.(Passage 2)intake n.摄入量
9.(Passage 2)insight n.洞察力,领悟
10.(Passage 3)in an attempt t d sth.试图做某事
11.(Passage 3)cnventinal adj.常规的
长难句分析:
(Passage 1)Take the subject f reading,which schls see as thinking skills that can be taught directly:I will teach students what an inference is.
分析:本句为复合句。which schls see as thinking skills that can be taught directly为which引导的非限制性定语从句,该从句中又含有that引导的定语从句that can be taught directly;what an inference is为what引导的宾语从句。
句意:以阅读为例,学校认为阅读是一种可以直接教授的思维技能:我会教学生什么是推理。