适用于老高考旧教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解文体分类练4说明文之发明创新类（附解析）

这是一份适用于老高考旧教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解文体分类练4说明文之发明创新类（附解析），共8页。
Passage1
(2023四川成都外国语学校3月模拟)
Imagine driving behind a huge truck shting cluds f smke int the air while yur new fully electric vehicle cleans up its carbn emissins.This dream may sn be a reality.A team f students in the Netherlands have created an electric car that nt nly desn’t prduce carbn dixide when driving,but actually pulls it ut f the air.
The tw-seater sprts car was designed and built in less than a year by a team f 32 students at Eindhven University f Technlgy.Called “ZEM”,which stands fr “zer emissin mbility”,the car is equipped with special devices that remve carbn dixide frm the air as it drives.The team says if ZEM is driven abut 32,000 kilmeters,it can remve 2 kilgrams f carbn dixide frm the air.That’s nt a huge amunt.The team calculates that 10 ZEM cars n the rad fr a year wuld remve as much carbn dixide as a typical tree des during that time.Hwever,they als pint ut that there are ver a billin passenger cars in the wrld that culd be using this technlgy.And if a billin cars were remving carbn dixide instead f prducing it,the result wuld be huge.
ZEM als has several ther innvatins that help t make it mre capable f being sustained:the car’s frame and panels(面板) are 3D printed t reduce waste;it was built using recycled and recyclable materials;and it can be easily taken apart s that many f its parts can be reused.ZEM’s battery is als reusable,and has anther handy feature:it can be charged with slar panels n the car’s rf—and can even be used t prvide pwer fr yur huse when the car isn’t n the rad.
Accrding t the statistics,transprtatin was respnsible fr ver 20% f glbal carbn dixide emissins in 2020—and f thse emissins,cars were respnsible fr 41%.The Eindhven team says its gal is t challenge the electric car industry:If 32 students can build a car like this in less than a year,then surely car manufacturers are expected t adpt these innvatins,t.
1.What is special abut ZEM?
A.It can end the wrld’s CO2 release.
B.It can cut the truck’s CO2 emissins.
C.It can reduce the level f CO2 in the air.
D.It can absrb dirty air as well as CO2.
2.Why des the team run the calculatin f ZEM in paragraph 2?
A.T demnstrate a superb visin f ZEM cars.
B.T explain hw ZEM remves CO2 as trees d.
C.T illustrate the nging change in car making.
D.T shw the influence f ZEM n the car market.
3.What d we knw abut all the cmpnents f ZEM?
A.They are f high quality.
B.They are easy t prcess.
C.They are cnvenient t print.
D.They are envirnmentally friendly.
4.What des the Eindhven team hpe t achieve in the future?
A.Sharp decline in fuel cnsumptin.
B.Mass prductin f ZEM cars.
C.Big success in beating ther car makers.
D.Dramatic changes in transprtatin.
Passage2
(2023山东济南一模)
There is nthing quite like enjying the sights,sunds and culture f a city while tasting a cup f cffee utdrs.But it is nt that enjyable when heat waves sweep the city.An utdr cling system prduced by Kinnk,an Israeli (以色列的) cmpany,began t be tested in Tel Aviv.The sweltering city is a perfect place t try the new technlgy.
With glbal warming heating up the temperature,it will sn be t ht t sit utside in cafes.While utdr cling systems have existed fr a while,mst f them use sme srt f water r misting system t cl the air arund them,cnsuming t much water and pwer.After tw years f develpment,the perfect slutin t the prblem was fund.“We have invented a new generatin f air cnditiner,” Kinnk CEO Leizer said.
As Leizer intrduced,the energy is frm the pressure created between liquid nitrgen (氮) and gas nitrgen.When liquid nitrgen at -196 degrees turns int gas,it prduces a very strng pressure and the pressure is used t run a mechanical engine.It is that mechanical engine that slwly releases freezing nitrgen gas t cl dwn the air arund it.
The technlgy is unique and amazing.Beynd the clness f the cncept,it als has ther advantages.The wrk unit desn’t need t be pwer-driven,and desn’t blw ut harmful warm air as it wrks.As fr the ptential price,it will prbably be n mre expensive than any ther air cnditiner.In additin,the liquid nitrgen cntainer will need t be replaced every seven t ten days,depending n usage.This makes it an affrdable ptin fr all srts f businesses.The cling system is expected t be n the market in 2024.
5.What des the underlined wrd “sweltering” mean in paragraph 1?
A.Warm.B.Dry.
C.Ht.D.Freezing.
6.What prblem des the existing utdr cling systems have?
A.They are wasteful.
B.They verheat easily.
C.They ften break dwn.
D.They are slw t cl the air.
7.What des paragraph 3 mainly explain?
A.What pwers the engine.
B.What turns liquid int gas.
C.Hw the pressure is frmed.
D.Hw the new system wrks.
8.What is the purpse f this text?
A.T prmte a cmpany.
B.T settle an energy crisis.
C.T intrduce a technlgy.
D.T market a misting system.
Passage3
(2023安徽马鞍山二模)
T give grasshppers(蚱蜢) sme credit—jumping acrss yards and between branches takes a lt mre expertise than it might appear.There are incredibly tiny factrs t cnsider,such as the resistance in launch surface,as well as desired distance,speed,and landing.
Mst jumping rbts can’t cmpete with the insect,as their jumps are limited t starting atp extremely rigid surfaces.But a new buncing rbt develped by researchers in Carnegie Melln’s Cllege f Engineering is crssing thse barriers,and shwing prmise fr hw autnmus devices culd perate in the future.
A team f scientists led by prfessr f mechanical engineering Sarah Bergbreiter recently ptimized a rbt’s latch mechanisms (弹簧机制) used t bst it upward.Previusly,these latches were primarily thught f as simple n/ff switches that enabled the release f stred energy.Hwever,Bergbreiter and her team emplyed mathematical mdeling t illustrate that these latches bth were capable f cntrlling energy utput,as well as cntrlling the transfer (传递) f energy between the jumper and the launch surface.
T test their wrk,the team psitined a small jumping rbt atp a tree branch and recrded the precise energy transfers in its jumps’ first mments.“We fund that the latch can nt nly mediate(调节) energy utput but can als mediate energy transfer between the jumper and the envirnment that it is jumping frm,” said Bergbreiter.
Nw that researchers better understand the interactins at play in the pening mments f jumping,they can nw begin wrking n ways t integrate this int future rbtic designs.“It has been nearly impssible t design cntrlled insect-sized rbts because they are launched in just millisecnds,”explained Bergbreiter.“Nw,we have mre cntrl ver whether ur rbts are jumping up ne ft r three.It’s really fascinating that the latch—smething that we already need in ur rbts—can be used t cntrl utputs that we culdn’t have cntrlled befre.”
9.What des the authr want t shw abut the new rbt by mentining grasshppers?
A.It cmes with technical difficulties.
B.It can beat the insect easily.
C.It is the first ne designed fr jumping.
D.It is shaped like the tiny creature.
10.What advantage d latches designed by Bergbreiter have ver the traditinal nes?
A.They are better psitined in rbts.
B.They help release mre energy at a time.
C.They wrk in extreme envirnments.
D.They have mre than a single functin.
11.What des Bergbreiter think f their wrk?
A.It has changed their research directin.
B.It inspires new applicatins f rbts.
C.It brings them a sense f achievement.
D.It will make rbts smaller and lighter.
12.What is the text mainly abut?
A.A new mdel fr future rbts.
B.A step frward in rbt design.
C.Jumping rbts inspired by grasshppers.
D.Effrts t develp insect-sized rbts.
答案：
Passage1
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰的一个学生团队发明了一种叫做ZEM的电动汽车,这种汽车不仅在驾驶时不产生二氧化碳,而且实际上可以从空气中提取二氧化碳。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Called ‘ZEM’,whichstandsfr ‘zeremissinmbility’,thecarisequippedwithspecialdevicesthatremvecarbndixidefrmtheairasitdrives.”可知,ZEM的特殊之处在于它能降低空气中的二氧化碳含量。故选C项。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中“TheteamsaysifZEMisdrivenabut32,000kilmeters,itcanremve2kilgramsfcarbndixidefrmtheair.That’sntahugeamunt.Theteamcalculatesthat10ZEMcarsntheradfrayearwuldremveasmuchcarbndixideasatypicaltreedesduringthattime.”可推知,研究团队计算ZEM吸收二氧化碳的量是为了表明对ZEM汽车的美好憧憬,故选A项。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第三段可知,ZEM的所有零部件都是环保的,故选D项。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“TheEindhventeamsaysitsgalistchallengetheelectriccarindustry:If32studentscanbuildacarlikethisinlessthanayear,thensurelycarmanufacturersareexpectedtadpttheseinnvatins,t.”可知,Eindhven团队的目标是挑战电动汽车行业,由此可推知,Eindhven希望在未来实现ZEM汽车的大量生产,故选B项。
Passage2
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了开始进入测试阶段的一种室外冷却系统,这项新技术有望在2024年投入市场,使人们在炎热的天气下,能够重享在室外喝咖啡的快乐。
5.C 词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Butitisntthatenjyablewhenheatwavessweepthecity.”可知,这座城市是非常闷热的。由此可知,“Theswelteringcity”指的是这座闷热的城市,画线词sweltering意为“闷热的”。
6.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Whileutdrclingsystemshaveexistedfrawhile,mstfthemusesmesrtfwaterrmistingsystemtcltheairarundthem,cnsumingtmuchwaterandpwer.”可知,现在的室外冷却系统消耗过多的水和电力,是比较浪费的。
7.D 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Whenliquidnitrgenat-196degreesturnsintgas,itprducesaverystrngpressureandthepressureisusedtrunamechanicalengine.Itisthatmechanicalenginethatslwlyreleasesfreezingnitrgengastcldwntheairarundit.”可知,该段主要描述了这种新的冷却系统是如何工作的。
8.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中“AnutdrclingsystemprducedbyKinnk,anIsraelicmpany,begantbetestedinTelAviv.”和最后一段中“Thetechnlgyisuniqueandamazing.”及“Theclingsystemisexpectedtbenthemarketin2024.”可推知,本文的主要目的是向人们介绍一种新的室外冷却技术。
Passage3
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科研团队通过优化机器人的弹簧机制,使机器人的弹跳能力获得极大的改良。
9.A 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Thereareincrediblytinyfactrstcnsider,suchastheresistanceinlaunchsurface,aswellasdesireddistance,speed,andlanding.”及第二段可知,大多数弹跳机器人在弹跳能力上都无法与蚱蜢匹敌,但新型弹跳机器人正在克服这些障碍,提高弹跳能力,故作者提及蚱蜢卓越的弹跳力是为了展示新型弹跳机器人想要获得类似的弹跳能力需要克服重重技术难关。
10.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Previusly,theselatcheswereprimarilythughtfassimplen/ffswitchesthatenabledthereleasefstredenergy.Hwever,Bergbreiterandherteamemplyedmathematicalmdelingtillustratethattheselatchesbthwerecapablefcntrllingenergyutput,aswellascntrllingthetransferfenergybetweenthejumperandthelaunchsurface.”可知,和之前的弹簧机制比较,Bergbreiter的团队设计的弹簧功能更多。
11.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Nw,wehavemrecntrlverwhetherurrbtsarejumpingupneftrthree.It’sreallyfascinatingthatthelatch—smethingthatwealreadyneedinurrbts—canbeusedtcntrlutputsthatweculdn’thavecntrlledbefre.”可知,Bergbreiter认为他们的工作取得了重大的突破,给他们带来了成就感。
12.B 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“ButanewbuncingrbtdevelpedbyresearchersinCarnegieMelln’sCllegefEngineeringiscrssingthsebarriers,andshwingprmisefrhwautnmusdevicesculdperateinthefuture.”及第三段中“AteamfscientistsledbyprfessrfmechanicalengineeringSarahBergbreiterrecentlyptimizedarbt’slatchmechanismsusedtbstitupward.”并结合下文弹簧机制优化后的成效可知,本文主要介绍了通过优化机器人的弹簧机制,机器人设计向前迈进了一步。
词汇积累:
1.(Passage 1)sht vt.(使朝某方向)射
2.(Passage 1)stand fr 代表
3.(Passage 1)be equipped with 装备,配备
4.(Passage 1)remve vt.去除
5.(Passage 1)innvatin n.创新
6.(Passage 2)sweep vt.席卷
7.(Passage 2)cnsume vt.消耗
8.(Passage 2)advantage n.优势
9.(Passage 2)ptin n.选择
10.(Passage 2)as fr关于,置于
11.(Passage 3)bst vt.推动
12.(Passage 3)be capable f有能力
熟词生义:
1.(Passage 2)run vt.操作;使运转
2.(Passage 3)psitin vt.放置
长难句分析:
(Passage 1)Called “ZEM”,which stands fr “zer emissin mbility”,the car is equipped with special devices that remve carbn dixide frm the air as it drives.
分析:本句为复合句。Called “ZEM”,which stands fr “zer emissin mbility”为过去分词短语作状语,其中which引导定语从句;that remve carbn dixide frm the air为定语从句,修饰devices;as引导时间状语从句。
句意:这种汽车被称为“ZEM”,意思是“零排放机动性”,它配备了特殊装置,在行驶过程中可以去除空气中的二氧化碳。