适用于老高考旧教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解文体分类练5说明文之生态环保类（附解析）

这是一份适用于老高考旧教材2024版高考英语二轮复习专项能力提升练阅读理解文体分类练5说明文之生态环保类（附解析），共7页。
Passage1
(2023河北邯郸一模)
Bee prtectin is a big issue these days in America,with peple planting native pllinatr gardens,setting up bee huses,and taking part in scientific activities t mnitr lcal bee ppulatins.And this is fr gd reasn—in Nrth America,a quarter f native bee species are at risk f extinctin.Bees pllinate 35 percent f ur glbal fd supply and many f the wild plants ur ecsystems depend n.
N Mw May,a mvement that began in the UK,is nw rapidly spreading thrughut the US.Its ppularity lies in its being simple:Just give bees a help during the crucial springtime by remving a chre frm yur list and letting yur lawn grw fr the mnth f May.This lets “lawn flwers” such as dandelins grw at a time when bee fd is rare.
Dandelins,despite being pretty and useful,are nn-native.Then why d we prmte a mvement that encurages their grwth?Here’s the basic answer—dn’t let “perfect” be the enemy f “gd”.Sure,it’d be great t turn yur entire neighbrhd int a bee kingdm f native plants,but that can take lts f time and mney.
While dandelins have becme the pster child fr N Mw May,ther plants—including native species—may als appear in yur lawn.“Besides dandelins,there are many ther plants that are ging t be there,” says Dr.Claudi Grattn at the University f Wiscnsin-Madisn.
In Massachusetts,scientists fund 63 species f plants in lawns,30 percent f which were native t the state.Mst f the Americans prbably lved dandelins as children but have tended t hate them as adults because f American lawn culture,which allws n flwers.“N Mw May frces us t think abut ur relatinship with nature.We shuld reflect n the way we have made nature suit ur needs,and realize flwers play really imprtant rles,” says Dr.Claudi Grattn.
1.What is the backgrund t N Mw May in the US?
A.Native bee species are increasing.
B.There is a tendency t prtect bees.
C.Bees mainly depend n garden plants.
D.Mre peple have n time t cut lawns.
2.What d we knw abut the N Mw May?
A.It needs almst n cst.
B.Few Americans supprt it.
C.It is aimed at grwing dandelins.
D.It appeals fr careful attentin t the lawns.
3.What des the underlined part “pster child” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A.Slight element.B.Rare exceptin.
C.Typical example.D.Difficult prblem.
4.Which f the fllwing agrees with American lawn culture?
A.A bee-friendly lawn.
B.A regularly cut lawn.
C.A lawn grwing naturally.
D.A lawn with native flwers.
Passage2
(2023安徽安庆二模)
Interactive sftware that “reads” and analyses ftprints left by black rhins (犀牛)can be used t mnitr the mvements f the animals in the wild,giving cnservatinists a new way t keep watch n the endangered species and help keep it safe frm pachers (偷猎者),accrding t a Duke University-led study.
The sftware,called the Ftprint Identificatin Technique (FIT),uses advanced technlgy t analyze mre than 100 measurements f a rhin’s ftprint.Because each rhin’s ftprint is as special as a human fingerprint,the analyzed images can be cllected electrnically in a glbal database f previusly cllected ftprint images fr matching.
“If yu find a match,yu can identify the individual animal wh left the mark and,by pltting the lcatins f all the ther places where marks have been seen,track its mvements withut disturbing it r cming int clse enugh cntact with it,” said Ze Jewell,a prfessr at Duke University’s Nichlas Schl f the Envirnment,wh c-led the study and is c-creatr f FIT.
“It’s a cst-effective apprach that nt nly prtects the health f the rhin and the human,but als brings a centuries-ld tracking skill int the 21st Century,” she said.Jewell and her clleagues are nw wrking with Namibia’s Ministry f Envirnment,Frestry and Turism t train wildlife cnservatinists,land managers and lcal guides hw t use FIT.
Namibia is hme t an estimated 2,000 black rhins,r abut 90% f the species’ ttal ppulatin wrldwide.Thugh legally wned by the gvernment,the animals are distributed gegraphically n private lands acrss the cuntry.
The FIT sftware can als d a survey f ftprints thrughut the prtected area and take measurements frm each ftprint t estimate the number f rhins in that area.This can be useful infrmatin fr calculatin resurce needs t mnitr the animals effectively.This creates an interactive library that anti-paching patrls(反偷猎巡逻)can use t search fr animals at the highest risk,including thse whse ftprints haven’t been shwing up in recent years.
5.What is the purpse f the sftware?
A.T prmte the develpment f technlgy.
B.T prtect black rhins frm being hunted.
C.T analyze the ftprints f illegal pachers.
D.T save endangered species acrss the wrld.
6.What’s the advantage f the sftware?
A.It wns varius functins.
B.It ges t the market.
C.It is perfectly practical.
D.It is mre than ppular.
7.What des Ze Jewell say abut the apprach?
A.It brings the best advantage fr the lwest cst.
B.It helps increase the ppulatin f black rhins.
C.It raises peple’s awareness f the envirnment.
D.It strengthens the tie between humans and nature.
8.Which f the fllwing best describes the future f rhins?
A.Optimistic.B.Hpeless.
C.Wrrying.D.Uncertain.
Passage3
(2023 四川凉山二诊)
These days,Earth Day is celebrated every year n April 22 in schls and cities acrss the United States.There are class prjects,prgrams,tree plantings and many ther fficial events.S,it may be hard t realize that when it first started,Earth Day was cnsidered a radical(激进的) prtest.
The mdern envirnmental mvement began in the 1960s.It was a time f the generatin gap.Yung peple were acting ut against their parents’ way f life.Cllege campuses were rcked by demnstratin against the war in Vietnam and ther issues.In the middle f this,in 1970,a US senatr(参议员) frm Wiscnsin named Gaylrd Nelsn came up with the idea fr Earth Day.As he later explained it,the idea was t channel “the student anti-war energy” int the envirnmental cause.
A lt f yung peple felt that science was the enemy.This was in spite f the fact that a lt f the peple wh were warning the public abut air and water pllutin and animals in danger were scientists.After all,wasn’t it technlgy—cars,husing develpments and factries—that was causing the prblem by spreading pllutin and destrying nature?Sme adults wh had thught Earth Day supprters had gne t far made fun f them.They called them “tree huggers”.
Envirnmentalists were right that technlgy had t be cntrlled.Laws and regulatins were needed t make sure that bth industry and science acted respnsibly.Still,science gt a bad name.It was as if yu had t chse either science r nature.Yu culdn’t have bth.
Lately,thugh,the situatin has changed.We have cme t see that science and the envirnment d nt have t be enemies.Technlgy can be used t prtect the envirnment,nt destry it.Lk at all the advances in clean energy that have cme frm science.Just as Earth Day has evlved,s has ur view f science and nature.We knw tday that we d nt have t chse between the tw.Instead,we understand that science is ne f the main tls we can use t prtect the envirnment.Yu can be a scientist and a “tree hugger”.That’s big advancement fr science and great news fr trees.
9.What d students usually d n Earth Day?
A.Cut dwn trees.
B.Jin in a prtest.
C.Launch an investigatin.
D.Cmplete a class prject.
10.Why did Gaylrd Nelsn suggest celebrating Earth Day?
A.T encurage yung students t prtect nature.
B.T direct the public’s attentin t envirnmental changes.
C.T take students’ attentin away frm anti-war demnstratin.
D.T narrw the generatin gap between yung peple and their parents.
11.What did sme adults think f “tree huggers”?
A.T extreme.B.Quite ratinal.
C.Very knwledgeable.D.Really cnsiderate.
12.Which statement is supprted by the authr?
A.Peple have t chse either science r nature.
B.Nwadays science can serve t prtect the envirnment.
C.Science has been playing a psitive part the whle time.
D.The develpment f science des harm t the envirnment.
答案：
Passage1
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。“NMwMay”运动起源于英国,并在北美迅速扩展开来。通过这项活动,人们可以为草坪留下自由生长的花,以此让蜜蜂授粉。这一活动不仅有利于生态环境,而且可以让人反思自己与自然的关系。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段可知,NMwMay在美国的背景是有一种保护蜜蜂的趋势。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第二段可推知,这项运动几乎不用任何费用。
3.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“therplants—includingnativespecies—mayalsappearinyurlawn”可知,蒲公英是“NMwMay”运动扩展后常见的花,而这项运动也会让草坪上长出其他种类的花。即蒲公英是“NMwMay”运动的典型例子。故可推断,画线部分意为“典型例子”。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Itsppularityliesinitsbeingsimple:JustgivebeesahelpduringthecrucialspringtimebyremvingachrefrmyurlistandlettingyurlawngrwfrthemnthfMay.”及最后一段中“MstftheAmericansprbablylveddandelinsaschildrenbuthavetendedthatethemasadultsbecausefAmericanlawnculture,whichallwsnflwers.”可知,一块定期修剪的草坪才是符合美国草坪文化的。
Passage2
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新的软件,这款名为FIT的软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动,同时帮助保护主义者来监视濒危物种,并保护这些濒危物种免受偷猎者的伤害。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第一段“Interactivesftwarethat ‘reads’ andanalysesftprintsleftbyblackrhinscanbeusedtmnitrthemvementsftheanimalsinthewild,givingcnservatinistsanewwaytkeepwatchntheendangeredspeciesandhelpkeepitsafefrmpachers,accrdingtaDukeUniversity-ledstudy.”可知,交互式软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动,同时给保护主义者提供了一种新的方法来监视濒危物种,并帮助保护它们免受偷猎者的伤害。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第二段“Thesftware,calledtheFtprintIdentificatinTechnique(FIT),usesadvancedtechnlgytanalyzemrethan100measurementsfarhin’sftprint.Becauseeachrhin’sftprintisasspecialasahumanfingerprint,theanalyzedimagescanbecllectedelectrnicallyinaglbaldatabasefpreviuslycllectedftprintimagesfrmatching.”可知,这款软件可以通过采集犀牛的足迹,然后会和先前收集的足迹图像的全球数据库进行匹配。可推知,这款软件是非常实用的。
7.A 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“‘It’sacst-effectiveapprachthatntnlyprtectsthehealthftherhinandthehuman,butalsbringsacenturies-ldtrackingskillintthe21stCentury,’ shesaid.”可知,ZeJewell认为它以最低的成本带来最大的优势。
8.A 推理判断题。根据第一段和最后一段可知,FIT 软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动,同时帮助保护主义者来监视濒危物种,并保护这些濒危物种免受偷猎者的伤害。FIT可以对整个保护区的足迹进行调查,并对每个足迹进行测量,以估计该区域的犀牛数量,因而未来犀牛的数量应该是朝着人们期望的方向发展。
Passage3
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球日的起源和发展以及作者希望人们转变观念——科学可以为保护环境服务。
9.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thereareclassprjects,prgrams,treeplantingsandmanytherfficialevents.”可知,学生通常在地球日可以完成班级项目。故选D项。
10.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ashelaterexplainedit,theideawastchannel ‘thestudentanti-warenergy’ inttheenvirnmentalcause.”可知,盖洛德·尼尔森是想把学生的注意力从反战示威上转移开。故选C项。
11.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中“SmeadultswhhadthughtEarthDaysupprtershadgnetfarmadefunfthem.Theycalledthem ‘treehuggers’.”可知,一些成年人认为地球日的支持者的做法太过火了,换句话说,一些成年人认为地球日的支持者们的做法太极端了。故选A项。
12.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Instead,weunderstandthatscienceisnefthemaintlswecanusetprtecttheenvirnment.”可知,作者支持的观点是现如今科学可以为保护环境服务。故选B项。
词汇积累:
1.(Passage 1)at risk f冒着……危险
2.(Passage 1)ppularity n.受欢迎
3.(Passage 1)be native t原产于,源于……的
4.(Passage 1)reflect n仔细考虑,思考
5.(Passage 2)keep watch n监视
6.(Passage 2)shw up出现
7.(Passage 3)prtest n.抗议,反对
8.(Passage 3)demnstratin n.游行示威
9.(Passage 3)regulatin n.规章制度,法规
熟词生义:
(Passage 2)plt vt.(在地图上)画出
(Passage 3)rck vt.使震惊,惊吓
长难句分析:
(Passage 2)This creates an interactive library that anti-paching patrls(反偷猎巡逻)can use t search fr animals at the highest risk,including thse whse ftprints haven’t been shwing up in recent years.
分析:本句为复合句。that anti-paching patrls(反偷猎巡逻)can use t search fr animals at the highest risk为that引导的定语从句;whse ftprints haven’t been shwing up in recent years为whse引导的定语从句。
句意:这创建了一个交互式库,反偷猎巡逻队可以使用它来搜索风险最高的动物,包括那些近年来没有出现脚印的动物。