2021-2022学年福建省厦门双十中学高二下学期期中考试英语试题（含解析）

这是一份2021-2022学年福建省厦门双十中学高二下学期期中考试英语试题（含解析），共29页。

注意事项∶
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在木试卷上无效。
第一部分 听力（共 2 节，满分 20 分）
第一节（共 5 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 5 分）
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What clr will he speakers paint the rm?
A. Blue. B. Green. C. Orange
2. Hw lng will it take the man t arrive in Lndn?
A. Abut tw hurs. B. Abut three hurs. C.Abut fur hurs.
3.Where are the speakers?
A. In a classrm. B. In a bkstre. C. In a library.
4.What is the man prbably?
A.A pliceman. B.A teacher C.A dctr.
5.What are the speakers talking abut?
A. Where t play. B.When t play. C. Wh t play with.
第二节（共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。
6.What has the man bught fr Julie and Will?
A. Cups B. Plates. C. Bedding articles.
7.Why des the wman want t buy a picture fr Julie and Will?
A. It’s interesting. B. It’s useful. C. It’s cheap.
听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。
8. What is the wman ging t d?
A. G t the airprt. B. Buy a ticket. C. Bard a plane.
9.Where is the ticket cunter?
A. It's dwnstairs. B. It's at the end f the hall. C.It's where there is a "Check In"sign.
听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。
10. What is the relatinship between the speakers?
A. Father and daughter. B. Classmates. C. Fellw wrkers.
11. What was the wman satisfied with?
A. Their psitin.
B. The helicpter sectin.
C. The crwded stadium
12. What did the man think f the shw?
A. It was well rganized. B.There wasn't much t see. C. Part f it was dull.
听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。
13. What was the weather like when Sarah set ut?
A. It was as the weatherman frecast.
B. It was shwing signs f imprvement.
C. It was the same as he day befre.
14. What first made Sarah realize that smething was wrng?
A. A bx falling int the water.
B. The change in the bat’s directin.
C. The sund like smething being trn.
15. Why did Sarah and the crew decide t turn back?
A. The crew were getting tired.
B. The Philippies was within shrter distance.
C. They fllwed the advice f the Rescue Centre.
16. Why did the rescue ship have difficulty finding the bat?
A.The plane indicated the wrng psitin.
B. It's nt easy t make ut the bat.
C. The waves were t high and vilent.
听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。
17.Where is the speaker nw?
A. At a stadium. B. In a radi studi. C. In a televisin studi.
18.What did the team members d at arund 8:45?
A.They gt injured. B.They tk phts. C.They passed the all.
19.Wh sht the last gal in the match?
A. Jeff. B. Jack. C. Justin.
20.What is the final scre between the Sharks United and the Spicy Chickens?
A. 4:4 B. 5:4 C. 4:5
第二部分 阅读理解（共 20 小题，每小题 2.5 分，满分 50 分）
A
Gld Fame Citrus
by Claire Vaye Watkins（$ 5.99）
With the flight f its characters thrugh a landscape destryed by climate crisis, this nvel des nt indicate much hpefulness fr the future. Within it is a series f situatins and cnsequences made mre severe in a future Califrnia shrt f water. Acrss the desert. we fllw Watkins' characters thrugh a place s transfrmed that it needs its wn field guide f animals newly adapted fr strange survival.
The Ministry fr the Future
by Kim Stanley Rbinsn（$ 18.1）
The Ministry fr the Future is a masterpiece f the imaginatin, using fictinal eyewitness accunts t tell the stry f hw climate will affect us all. Its setting is nt a deserted wrld, but a future that is almst upn us. This extrardinary nvel frm the visinary science fictin writer will change the way yu think abut the climate crisis.
Breathing Fire
by Jaim Lwe（$ 27）
The frnt lines f the fight against climate change are pepled with thse sciety has frgtten. Up t 30 percent f the firefighters battling wildfires in Califrnia each year are prisners perfrming backbreaking labr while earning a 40th f what a civilian makes. This bk fllws six female prisner firefighters and their wrried families, lking int the human cst f envirnmental crisis.
Smething Under the Sun
by Alexandra Kleeman（$ 28）
In Alexandra Kleeman's new nvel, a nvelist new t Ls Angeles teams up with a frmer child actr t investigate a cnspiracy（阴谋）. But this is L. A．, where wildfires burn all year lng and the rich stre water while the pr suffer frm the cnsequence f climate crisis. Human weakness is pushing the city tward a disaster.
1．Which categry des Breathing Fire fall int?
A．Science fictin.B．Play.C．Nn-fictin.D．Bigraphy.
2．What is Alexandra Kleeman?
A．A nvelist.B．An actr.C．A firefighter.D．A minister.
3．What d the listed bks have in cmmn?
A．They are n sale.B．They shw cncern ver climate.
C．They are intended fr teenagers.D．They are set in Califrnia.
B
I’ve been in an 18-year lve-hate relatinship with a black walnut tree.
It’s a unique tree. In late September r early Octber, falling fruits as hard as baseballs threaten the skulls (头骨) f yu, yur children, yur neighbrs and thse that reside next dr t them. Umbrellas in the yard are a must while dining in early August, and as fr me, I wear my bike helmet while wrking in the garden.
The black walnut als releases a chemical substance thrugh its rts as a cmpetitive strategy. It’s pisnus t several cmmn plants. There have been many new plant varieties that I brught hme with hpes that maybe the black walnut wuld accept them, but they failed t flurish.
What des wrk are native plants that naturally grw in the area. Native plants are imprtant t have arund since they prvide beneficial pllinatrs (传粉者) like birds, bees and butterflies with seeds and cntribute t a healthy and bidiverse envirnment. Native plants fr this area are generally easy t grw, s they experience less stress.
Have I thught f getting rid f this giant pain in my tiny backyard? Yes, hwever, getting rid f this tree standing at 50 feet with an 87-inch trunk is next t impssible. It’s als prtected under the law. Rightfully s. Trees are imprtant t the urban frest and fr all f thse that inhabit it.
Smetimes I think abut my life withut the black walnut. I can’t imagine a spring withut the birds wh arrive every year and ludly sing their sngs befre dawn. I’d miss falling asleep n lazy weekend afternns as I lk up int its leaves.
Every spring, I wnder what the seasn hlds: What are the chances f being kncked uncnscius while barbecuing? Like any gd relatinship, I’ll never be pleased. I’m stuck with this tree, s I’ll listen t its needs and give it the space it requires. In return, my walnut ffers a habitat fr wildlife and a reminder.
4．Why des the authr wear a bike helmet while wrking in the garden?
A．T prtect the injured skull.B．T prevent herself frm sunburn.
C．T avid being hit by the nuts.D．T reduce the chance f getting bitten by bees.
5．What is the tree’s survival strategy?
A．It attracts beneficial pllinatrs.
B．It lets ut pisn t drive away pests.
C．It prduces a chemical fatal t sme plants.
D．It cmpetes fr nutritin with similar species.
6．Which f the fllwing DOESN’T accunt fr the authr’s lve-hate relatinship with the tree?
A．The vlume f its fruits may bring incnvenience.
B．The tree utcmpetes the native plants in the garden.
C．The tree is hme t numerus birds and ther creatures.
D．The presence f the tree takes up much space f the garden.
7．The authr mst prbably gt a reminder frm the tree that ________.
A．it’s better t give than t take
B．trees and plants have their wn ways t flurish
C．even a gd relatinship is nt always truble-free
D．acceptance, instead f resistance, is the better way t be
C
Beethven is a giant f classical music. And the ne with the mst influence at least when it cmes t pian cmpsitins. That’s accrding t a study in the jurnal EPJ Data Science.
If yu’re wndering hw data analysis culd determine smething as abstract as cultural influence, it’s wrth remembering the great thing abut music: it’s the mst mathematical f the art frms we actually can deal with because a lt f it is symblic. The music is written in symbls that are cnnected in time.
Juyng Park is a theretical physicist at the Krea Advanced institute f Science and Technlgy. Park and his clleagues cllected 900 pian cmpsitins by 19 cmpsers cvering the Barque, Classical and Rmantic perids, frm 1700 t 1910. Then they used that mathematical quality t their advantage by diving each cmpsitin int what they called “cde wrds,” a grup f ntes played at the same time—in ther wrds, a chrd. They then cmpared each chrd t the chrds that came befre it. “Our cmputer mdel allws us t calculate the degree f shared meldies between past and future wrks.” said Park.
The cmpser with tp marks fr nvelty was Rachmaninff. But when the researchers lked at thse chrd transitins acrss all 19 cmpsers, it was Beethven wh was mst heavily brrwed frm—meaning, at least amng the cmpsers in this analysis, his influence was the largest.
Their study cmes with a cuple caveats. The researchers nly cnsidered pian cmpsitins in this wrk—-nt rchestral wrks. And by nly studying chrd transitins, their cnclusins wuldn’t capture artists wh had influence in ther ways. “It’s well understd that Mzart’s cntributin t music mainly cmes frm the musical frms that he devised. That was nt very well captured by ur mathematical mdeling.”
8．Hw did the researchers cnduct the study?
A．They turned music cmpsitins int written symbls.
B．They lked at hw chrds differed frm previus nes.
C．They cllected 900 pieces frm cntemprary cmpser.
D．They calculated the number f chrds in each music piece.
9．What can be knwn frm the research findings?
A．Beethven was best at cming up with new chrds.
B．Beethven brrwed heavily frm anther cmpser.
C．Rachmaninff’s chrds were mst unlike previus nes.
D．Rachmaninff’s chrds were cpied by future cmpsers.
10．What des he underlined wrd “caveats” prbably mean?
A．warningsB．benefitsC．cstsD．prfs
11．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr this passage?
A．Beethven Regarded as a Giant f Classical Music.
B．Similarity between Music and Math Investigated.
C．Beethven’s Majr Musical Cntributin Cnfirmed.
D．Cmputer Analyses Cnfirm Beethven’s Influence.
D
Scientists have lng debated hw the bird ancestrs evlved the ability t fly. The grund-up thery assumes they were grund animals mving fast by jumping and flapping（ 振 翅 ）their wings. The tree-dwn thery assumes they were tree climbers that glided（滑行）amng branches.
At field sites Ken Dial saw a pattern in yung grund birds. They flapped their half-frmed wings, making shrt jumps int the air like ppcrn. S t cme up with new data n the age-ld debate. Ken Dial designed a prject t see what clues might lie in hw baby birds learned t fly.
He settled n the Chukar as a mdel species，and brught in sme hay bales（千草团）fr the Chukars t rest n as a lcal farmer suggested. T his surprise, instead f lying up, the baby Chukars were using their legs. They run right up the side f a hay bale, flapping all the while. Fr Ken, this was the“aha” mment, which pened a wrld f pssibilities.
Ken cnducted mre experiments, filming the birds as they raced up inclines（纤）tipped at increasing angles. As the incline increased, the birds began t lap, but they angled their wings differently frm birds in flight. They aimed heir flapping dwn and backward, using the frce nt fr lift but t keep their feet firmly pressed against the incline. It's exactly like the spiler n the back f a race car. In Frmula One, spilers are the big aerdynamic（空气动力）fins that push the cars dwnward as they speed alng, increasing pwer and handling
Ken called the technique WAIR, fr wing-assisted incline running. It nt nly allwed yung birds t climb vertical surfaces but als gave adults an energy-efficient alternative t lying In an evlutinary cntext, WAIR takes n surprising explanatry pwers. Ken came up with a reasnable rigin fr the flapping strkes f birds (smething gliding animals dn't d and thus a shrtcming f the tree-dwn assumptin) and an aerdynamic functin fr half-frmed wings (ne f the main drawbacks t the grund-up thery).
12．Which is Ken Dial's central assumptin in setting up his prject?
A．The acquisitin（习得）f Night in yung birds sheds light n that in bird ancestrs.
B．The bird ancestrs learned t fly by jumping and lapping their wings.
C．Yung birds in a lab setting are less likely than wild birds t require branches.
D．Grund bird and tree-climbing bird ancestrs evlved in parallel.
13．At Ken Dial had his “aha” mment, he________.
A．tried t train the birds t fly t the t the tp the inclines.
B．studied existing films t bserve the birds' mvements.
C．bserved hw the birds dealt with increasingly steeper inclines
D．cnsulted with Frmula One race car experts abut aerdynamic.
14．Accrding t the passage,which helps the baby Chukar run up the incline?
A．The speed with which they climbed
B．The psitin f their flapping wings
C．The spiler n the back f a race car
D．Their cntinuus jumping mvements
15．Which f the fllwing is TRUE f the technique WAIR?
A．It stps yung and adult birds frm lying.
B．It prves that the grund-up thery is true.
C．It allws birds t mve faster n the grund.
D．It accunts fr the birds’ flapping mvement.
E
One mrning I lked ut f my study windw and saw it was a fine day: nt even a single clud. But later n, hard at wrk at my desk, I heard a lud drumming nise. Turning t the windw, I saw the sky was nw the clr f charcal (木炭). Rain began t fall; tw minutes later the rain became hail (冰雹); at sme pint, the hail became snw.
___16___It’s extremely variable. G ahead with yur picnic in the lcal park by all means, but dn’t assume that because the sun is shining nw, it will be when yu pen yur pack f sandwiches.___17___
The weather in Britain is by n means always bad. It can just seem a lt like a persn wh has a lt f md swings.
This is ne f the biggest reasns why the British talk s ften abut the weather: it’s handy. Wherever there are strangers standing r sitting clse tgether, and talk cannt be avided, the cnversatin fcuses n the weather: “_____18_____” r “What shcking weather we’ve been having!” The unreliability f the weather is smething that every Brit can agree n. ___19___
Thus, the weather’s unpredictability is actually a plus fr the British. Even thse with different pinins n everything else in the wrld, such as the current argument in the UK abut membership f the Eurpean Unin, can talk abut the weather withut it leading t a shuting match. ___20___
A．Lng live rainstrms in mid-July!
B．The English ften talks abut weather.
C．Yes, the weather has been gd, hasn’t it?
D．That makes it a safe tpic f cnversatin.
E．Yu’d better take an umbrella, just in case.
F．This stry will give yu sme idea abut weather in Britain.
G．Strangers will chse t talk abut the weather t break the ice.
第三部分 语言运用（共 4 节，满分 40 分）
第一节 完形填空（每空 1 分，共 15 分）
One Saturday evening, there was a knck at the dr f my clinic. My friend Jacqui was standing there hlding a twel ___21___ arund smething. "I saw him hit at the crssing," she said, very ___22___. "It's an echidna(针鼹); he may lse a leg."
Nursing birds is my usual ___23___. I knw a lt abut lcal varieties that live arund the park I manage. Peple ften ___24___ injured r sick birds fr me t nurse back t ___25___, and I d well, but I'd never ___26___ an echidna. Sme insecure, I carefully undid the twel and, t my ___27___, saw all fur legs were cmplete. I attached a small xygen mask(面罩) t his nse. The next mrning, I ___28___ the mask. His cnditin was much imprved and he seemed ___29___, keeping his eye n me.
We had a large empty cage, and inside it was a bath with much leaf litter. The bath was a very _____30_____ place fr the echidna, fr he culd dig and bury himself in — the animal's rutine, and I _____31_____ him there. When I checked n him the next day, nly the leaf litter piled up was _____32_____. There was n echidna. I finally fund him attempting a(n) _____33_____ under ur frnt gate. He was _____34_____ ready t g hme, s Jacqui and I drve t where she _____35_____ him, and watched as he happily walked ff.
21．A．hungB．tiedC．fldedD．wrapped
22．A．madB．trubledC．eagerD．disappinted
23．A．specialityB．favriteC．mtivatinD．expectatin
24．A．drp ffB．send nC．pick utD．leave aside
25．A．lifeB．hmeC．healthD．nature
26．A．tuchedB．handledC．fedD．liked
27．A．creditB．cnfusinC．reliefD．cntent
28．A．imprvedB．remvedC．checkedD．replaced
29．A．energeticB．hungryC．adrableD．watchful
30．A．satisfactryB．cnvenientC．interestingD．familiar
31．A．curedB．bathedC．lckedD．settled
32．A．in shapeB．in placeC．in sightD．in rder
33．A．shelterB．escapeC．restD．attack
34．A．bviuslyB．eventuallyC．immediatelyD．unwillingly
35．A．accmpaniedB．rememberedC．spttedD．caught
第二节 单项选择 （每空 1 分， 共 5 分）
36．Ty t avid being________ and ne-sided when lking at prblems.
A．cntempraryB．primitiveC．subjectiveD．permanent
37．The drug increases the number f red cells in the bld, ________ xygen uptake by 10 percent.
A．absrbingB．enhancingC．emergingD．abusing
38．Thugh the nvel had a happy ending, the readers were left________.
A．t be unsatisfiedB．unsatisfyingC．unsatisfiedD．being unsatisfied
39．Sam________ sme knwledge f the cmputer just by watching thers wrking n it.
A．tk upB．tk nC．picked utD．picked up
40．They think it'll be easy but there is a surprise________.
A．in streB．as wellC．ver timeD．after all
非选择题部分
第三节 单句语法填空 （每空 1 分， 共 5 分）
41．The tests shw that the scial envirnment is extremely ___________ (influence) when we were making decisins. (所给词的适当形式填空)
42．The dangerus virus________ (study) the next few weeks in tie labratry can cause deadly disease. （所给词的适当形式填空）
43．The ppulatin f the crane in the wild is________ the decline, and many ther species appear headed twards extinctin.（用适当的词填空）
44．Yu can rely n________ that he wn’t be absent frm the meeting, fr he has prmised t cme and he is a man f his wrds.（用适当的词填空）
45．His latest mvie has wn high praise frm every single________ (criticize). （所给词的适当形式填空）
第四节 语法填空（每空 1.5 分， 共 15 分）
My Kid-Free Life
I had expected t have mre free time after my sns, Evan and Alex each f fr cllege, and I d. The kitchen calendar lks spare. Rarely____46____ I need t prepare family dinners every day. There is a lt ____47____ laundry.
When the bys were babies, I wndered hw I ____48____ (spend) all the hurs befre they were brn. Nw that I have thse hurs back. I can fcus n my wn needs.
I had als expected t wrry abut them when they were away. And I d. Did they get their flu shts, will they remember the talks abut gd chices? On the ther hand, the wrry is mixed with____49____ (relieve). I have seen ____50____ energetically they grw withut me.
D I miss them? Yes and n. D I feel united fr having lst my primary rle in life? N, because ver the year, I tk great pride ____51____the fact that my identity was nt dependent n theirs. But, surprisingly, yes. ____52____ (be) a different kind f mther defines me nw.
The missing cmes at unexpected mments: seeing the schl bus drive by, starting t put t many plates n the they have dubts abut friendship r jb prspects, I can nly say, “I’m sure yu will figure it ut.”
And yet, the spaces ____53____ (empty) by lss are mre than filled by what I’ve fund. I nw have the chance ____54____ (see) them as the whle wrld des but als like n ne else ever will.
The rms ____55____ the the bys used t lie lk vacant. I feel sadness but als jy.1 knew that they wuld leave bur they will find their way back.
My hme is empty. But verflwing.
第四部分 写作（满分 40 分）
第一节 应用文（满分 15 分）
56．假设你是双十中学的李华。为配合学校的“读书月”活动，你校社团的微信公众号开展以“Let’s Read”为题的征文活动。要求同学们根据个人的阅读体会，从所读过的书籍中选定一种类型，推荐给其他同学。现请你投稿，文章内容应包括：（1）推荐书籍的类型及特点；（2）推荐的理由；（3）字数 100 左右。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 读后续写（满分 25 分）
57．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When Dr. Hendersn was assigning (指定) prject mates fr his psychlgy class, I secretly hped he wuld pair me with my best friend r at least a classmate I culd have sme fun with. Abve all, I hped he wuldn’t assign me t wrk with the fiercely cmpetitive, extremely serius fellw wh always wre dark clthes and apparently had a persnality t match. As fate (命运) wuld have it, Dr. Hendersn very deliberately matched everyne in class and annunced that I wuld be wrking with the ne persn in class I wanted t avid.
I went up t my new teammate and intrduced myself He lked at me as thugh I weren’t there. I felt he treated me as thugh I wuld hld him back and prbably make him fail t get an A in the curse. He wasn’t mean r rude; he just gave me the impressin that he culd d whatever prject we dreamed up better if he did it alne.
Needless t say, I didn’t lk frward t an entire term f being brushed ff, but I tried t make the best f it and didn’t say anything fr fear that I wuld make things wrse.
The prject required each team t develp a hypthesis (假说), set up an experiment t test the hypthesis, d the statistical analysis (数据分析) and present the findings. Whatever grade the team received wuld be shared by bth students.
When my teammate and I met t discuss ur prject, I was uneasy. Here was this challenging student wh had a reputatin fr cncentratin and gd grades — the exact ppsite f me. I was cmpletely at a disadvantage. I actually wanted t drp the class at ne pint, but stpped shrt because I didn’t want t give him the satisfactin f my chickening ut and giving up halfway. I decided t stick t it n matter what.
After lng discussins we smehw agreed t d a study n the mental well-being (健康) f teenagers. I wasn’t sure what it meant exactly, but at least we had a tpic.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Para 1：We started t meet regularly t draw up ur plans.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Para 2：One day I gt wrd that he was admitted t hspital fr a serius disease.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1．C
2．A
3．B
【分析】
本文为一篇应用文，介绍了以气候危机为写作背景的四本书。
1．
推理判断题。根据Breathing Fire中最后一句“This bk fllws six female prisner firefighters and their wrried families, lking int the human cst f envirnmental crisis.”（这本书描写了六名女囚犯消防员和她们忧心忡忡的家人，探讨了环境危机的人力成本。）可知，该书跟踪描写了6名女囚犯消防员的故事，所以应该是非虚构文学。故选C项。
2．
推理判断题。根据Smething Under the Sun中关键句“In Alexandra Kleeman's new nvel, a nvelist new t Ls Angeles teams up with a frmer child actr t investigate a cnspiracy.”（在亚历山德拉·克里曼的新小说中，一位刚到洛杉矶的小说家与一名前童星合作，调查一起阴谋。）可知Alexandra Kleeman是Smething Under the Sun一书的作者，因此，他的职业是小说家。故选A项。
3．
细节理解题。通览全文可知，每一本小说都是将气候危机(climate crisis)作为写作背景，因此，它们都展示了作者对于气候危机的担忧和思考。故选B项。
4．C
5．C
6．B
7．D
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述作者后院的黑胡桃树给他带来困扰，但同时也让作者感到自然的生机。于是，作者学会包容接纳，享受与黑核桃树相伴的生活。
4．
细节理解题。根据第二段“falling fruits as hard as baseballs threaten the skulls (头骨) f yu, yur children, yur neighbrs and thse that reside next dr t them. (掉落的果实会和棒球一样坚硬，可能伤到你、孩子、邻居和那些住在隔壁的人的脑袋。)”可知，作者在果园里劳动时，会佩戴一个自行车头盔，是为了保护头部不会被树上掉落的坚硬果实砸伤，故选C项。
5．
细节理解题。根据第三段“The black walnut als releases a chemical substance thrugh its rts as a cmpetitive strategy. It’s pisnus t several cmmn plants. (作为一种竞争策略，黑胡桃也会通过根部释放一种化学物质。它对几种常见的植物来说是有毒性的。)”可知，黑胡桃树的生存策略就是释放一种对其他一些常见植物物种有毒的物质，以独占生存资源。故选C项。
6．
细节理解题。根据第四段“Native plants fr this area are generally easy t grw, s they experience less stress. (这个地区的原生植物通常很容易生长，所以它们承受的压力较小。)”可知，在这个果园中，黑胡桃树在与当地原生植物的生存竞争中并未占据优势，原生植物长势繁荣，这并非是作者对黑胡桃树又爱又恨的原因之一。故选B项。
7．
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Have I thught f getting rid f this giant pain in my tiny backyard? Yes, hwever, getting rid f this tree standing at 50 feet with an 87-inch trunk is next t impssible. (我有没有想过摆脱这个小小的后院的大麻烦吗？是的，然而，要摆脱这棵50英尺高、树干只有87英寸的树几乎是不可能的。)”和最后一段“I’m stuck with this tree, s I’ll listen t its needs and give it the space it requires. (我就与这棵树相伴，所以我会倾听它的需求，给它所需的空间。)”可知，作者从这棵树身上得到了这样启示：包容接纳，而非抗拒，会让生活更美好。故选D项。
8．B
9．C
10．A
11．D
【导语】
这是一篇说明文，研究人员通过数学性质证明了贝多芬在音乐领域的过人之处。
8．
细节理解题。根据第三段的“They then cmpared each chrd t the chrds that came befre it. “Our cmputer mdel allws us t calculate the degree f shared meldies between past and future wrks.” said Park. (然后，他们将每个和弦与之前的和弦进行比较。“我们的计算机模型允许我们计算过去和未来作品之间共享旋律的程度。”朴说)”可知，他们通过观察和弦与之前的和弦有何不同来进行研究。故选B。
9．
细节理解题。根据第四段的“The cmpser with tp marks fr nvelty was Rachmaninff. (新颖性最高的作曲家是拉赫玛尼诺夫)”可知，在新颖性方面得分最高的作曲家是拉赫玛尼诺夫。所以拉赫玛尼诺夫的和弦与之前的和弦截然不同。故选C。
10．
词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“The researchers nly cnsidered pian cmpsitins in this wrk—-nt rchestral wrks. And by nly studying chrd transitins, their cnclusins wuldn’t capture artists wh had influence in ther ways. (研究人员在这部作品中只考虑了钢琴作品，而没有考虑管弦乐作品。仅仅研究和弦转换，他们的结论无法捕捉到在其他方面有影响力的艺术家)”可知，下文提到的内容是该研究的局限性。由此推知，划线词所在句子意为“他们的研究有几点需要注意”，即caveats意为“注意”，与warnings同义。故选A。
11．
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了研究员通过数学性质证明了贝多芬在音乐领域的过人之处，再结合第一段“Beethven is a giant f classical music. And the ne with the mst influence at least when it cmes t pian cmpsitins. That’s accrding t a study in the jurnal EPJ Data Science. (贝多芬是古典音乐的巨匠。至少在钢琴创作方面是最有影响力的。这是根据《EPJ数据科学》杂志上的一项研究得出的结论)”可知，D项“计算机分析证实贝多芬的影响”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选D。
12．A
13．C
14．B
15．D
【导语】
本文为一篇说明文，研究人员通过幼鸟分析实验去推测古老鸟类飞行进化史。
12．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Ken Dial designed a prject t see what clues might lie in hw baby birds learned t fly.”（肯·戴尔设计了一个项目来研究雏鸟如何学习飞行的线索。）和第三段中“He settled n the Chukar as a mdel species，and brught in sme hay bales（千草团）fr the Chukars t rest n as a lcal farmer suggested.”（他选择了楚卡作为一个范例物种，并按照当地农民的建议，带来了一些干草让楚卡休息。）可知，Ken Dial在建立他的项目时的中心假设是幼鸟的夜间习得揭示了鸟类祖先的夜间习得，故选A。
13．
细节理解题。根据第四段“Ken cnducted mre experiments, filming the birds as they raced up inclines（纤）tipped at increasing angles.As the incline increased, the birds began t lap, but they angled their wings differently frm birds in flight. They aimed heir flapping dwn and backward, using the frce nt fr lift but t keep their feet firmly pressed against the incline”（肯进行了更多的实验，拍摄了这些鸟在倾斜角度越来越大的斜坡上奔跑的过程。随着坡度的增加，鸟类开始拍打，但它们的翅膀角度与飞行中的鸟类不同。他们的目标是向下和向后拍打，使用的力量不是为了提升，而是让他们的脚牢牢地压在斜坡上）可知，在肯·戴尔的“顿悟”时刻，他观察了鸟类如何应对日益陡峭的斜坡，故选C。
14．
细节理解题。根据第四段“As the incline increased, the birds began t lap, but they angled their wings differently frm birds in flight. They aimed heir flapping dwn and backward, using the frce nt fr lift but t keep their feet firmly pressed against the incline.”（随着坡度的增加，鸟类开始拍打，但它们的翅膀角度与飞行中的鸟类不同。他们的目标是向下和向后拍打，使用的力量不是为了提升，而是让他们的脚牢牢地压在斜坡上。）可知，翅膀扇动的位置帮助小楚卡跑上斜坡，故选B。
15．
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Ken called the technique WAIR, fr wing-assisted incline running. It nt nly allwed yung birds t climb vertical surfaces but als gave adults an energy-efficient alternative t lying in an evlutinary cntext, WAIR takes n surprising explanatry pwers.”（Ken称这项技术为WAIR，用于机翼辅助斜坡跑。WAIR具有惊人的解释能力，它不仅允许幼鸟爬上垂直表面，还为成年鸟提供了一种在进化环境中躺着的节能替代品。）可知，WAIR解释了鸟类拍打翅膀的运动，故选D。
16．F
17．E
18．C
19．D
20．A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。通过描述一次天气变化介绍了英国天气与英国文化的相关性。
【详解】
1.根据第一段“One mrning I lked ut f my study windw and saw it was a fine day: nt even a single clud. But later n, hard at wrk at my desk, I heard a lud drumming nise. Turning t the windw, I saw the sky was nw the clr f charcal (木炭). Rain began t fall; tw minutes later the rain became hail (冰雹); at sme pint, the hail became snw.”可知，“我”在一天早上看到天空万里无云，但是后来，在伏案工作了一段时间后，“我”就听见很大的打雷声。“我”看向窗户时，天空变成了木炭的颜色。天空开始下雨，两分钟之后雨水变成了冰雹。在某一刻，冰雹就变成了雪。这一段是在描写天气的多变。F项中的this stry对应的是第一段中的“我”经历的事情，weather对应了第一段中多变的天气，起到承上作用。后文“It’s extremely variable.”（它真的很多变。）中的it代指F项中的weather in Britain，F项（这个故事会让你对英国的天气有所了解）起到启下作用。F项符合语境，故选F。
2.前文“G ahead with yur picnic in the lcal park by all means, but dn’t assume that because the sun is shining nw, it will be when yu pen yur pack f sandwiches.”（你可以在当地的公园里尽情野餐，但不要以为现在阳光灿烂，当你打开一包三明治时也会如此。）说明在阳光灿烂的时候在公园野餐也要预防多变的天气，所以E项（你最好带一把伞以防万一）呼应前文。故选E。
3.前文“Wherever there are strangers standing r sitting clse tgether, and talk cannt be avided, the cnversatin fcuses n the weather”（只要有陌生人站在一起或坐得很近，又不能避免交谈，谈话的焦点就集中在天气上）说明空格处要填的是关于天气的讨论，C项（是的，天气一直很好，不是吗?）符合语境，故选C。
4.前文“The unreliability f the weather is smething that every Brit can agree n.”（每个英国人都认同天气的不可靠性。）说明天气不可靠是所有英国人都会认同的事，在陌生人的交谈中不会引起分歧，D项（这使得它成为一个安全的话题。）中的that指的就是关于天气的讨论，所以D项符合语境，故选D。
5.前文“Even thse with different pinins n everything else in the wrld, such as the current argument in the UK abut membership f the Eurpean Unin, can talk abut the weather withut it leading t a shuting match. ”（即使是那些对世界上其他任何事情都有不同看法的人——比如目前英国关于欧盟成员国身份的争论，也可以谈论天气，而不会引发争吵。）说明此处是对英国天气不可预测性的肯定，A项（七月中旬的暴雨万岁!）符合语境，故选A。
21．D
22．B
23．A
24．A
25．C
26．B
27．C
28．B
29．D
30．A
31．D
32．C
33．B
34．A
35．C
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者开一家诊所，一天朋友Jacqui带一只受伤的针鼹来到诊所。文章讲述了作者救助针鼹并把他放回大自然的故事。
21．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友杰基站在那里，手里拿着一条毛巾裹着什么东西。A. hung 悬挂；B. tied 系，捆；C. flded折叠；D. wrapped (用布、纸等)包,裹。根据常识和下文的"I carefully undid the twel"可知, Jacqui用毛巾包裹着一只受伤的针鼹。故选D。
22．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我看见他在十字路口被打了，”她很不安地说。A. mad疯的；B. trubled混乱的；C. eager渴望的；D. disappinted感到失望的。根据Jacqui所说的"I saw him hit" "he may lse a leg"可知，她认为针鼹可能失去一条腿，非常忧虑。trubled"忧虑的，烦恼的，苦恼的"符合语境。故选B。
23．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：看护鸟类是我的拿手好戏。A. speciality专业；B. favrite 最喜爱的人或事物；C. mtivatin 动机，积极性；D. expectatin期盼，预测。根据上文的"my clinic"和下文的"I knw a lt abut lcal varieties that live arund the park I manage" "I d well"可知，作者应是一名兽医，医治鸟类是她的专长。故选A。
24．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：人们经常把受伤或生病的鸟儿放下，让我照顾它们恢复健康，我做得很好，但我从未接触过针鼹。A. drp ff 减少，让……下车，顺便把某人/某物送到某处；B. send n转送；C. pick ut 挑选出；D. leave aside不予考虑，搁置一边。 作者擅长医治各种鸟类，所以人们经常把受伤或生病的鸟儿送到她那里。故选A。
25．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们经常把受伤或生病的鸟儿放下，让我照顾它们恢复健康，我做得很好，但我从未接触过针鼹。A. life 生活，生命；B. hme家；C. health健康；D. nature自然。 根据上文的"injured r sick birds"可知，作者照料受伤或生病的鸟儿直到它们恢复健康(health)。故选C。
26．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们经常把受伤或生病的鸟儿放下，让我照顾它们恢复健康，我做得很好，但我从未接触过针鼹。 A. tuched触摸；B. handled处理；C. fed喂养； D. liked喜欢。 根据上文的"but"可知，此处与前半句在语意上存在转折关系，即作者经常医治各种鸟类，但是从来没处理过针鼹。故选B。
27．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些不安，我小心地解开毛巾，看到四条腿都完好无损，这让我松了一口气。A. credit 信用；B. cnfusin 混乱；C. relief救济； D. cntent内容，目录。结合第一段的"he may lse a leg"和空后的"saw all fur legs were cmplete"可知，作者原以为针鼹可能失去一条腿，由于没有经验，对医治它不太有把握，后来看到它的四条腿完好，作者感到很欣慰(relief)。故选C。
28．
考查动词词义辨析。句意： 第二天早上，我摘下了面具。A. imprved 提高；B. remved 去掉，移除；C. checked 检查，核实；D. replaced替代。 结合常识和上文的"I attached a small xygen mask(面罩) t his nse"可知，第二天早上，作者移除(remved)了针鼹的氧气面罩。故选B。
29．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的情况有了很大的改善，他似乎很警惕，一直盯着我。A. energetic充满精力的；B. hungry饥饿的；C. adrable 可爱的；D. watchful 注意的，警惕的，提防的。根据语境和下文的"keeping his eye n me"可知，针鼹十分警惕，关注着作者的一举一动。故选D。
30．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：浴池对针鼹鼠来说是一个非常令人满意的地方，因为它可以挖洞，把自己埋在里面——这是动物的惯常行为。我把它锁在那里。 A. satisfactry合适的，令人满意的 ；B. cnvenient方便的；C. interesting 有趣的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据上文的"inside it was a bath with much leaf litter"和下文的"fr he culd dig and bury himself in — the animal's rutine"可知，浴缸里有很多叶子，针鼹在里面可以挖洞并把自己藏起来，这类动物经常这样做。由此可知，那个浴缸是个适合针鼹的地方。故选A。
31．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：浴池对针鼹鼠来说是一个非常令人满意的地方，因为它可以挖洞，把自己埋在里面——这是动物的惯常行为。我把它锁在那里。A. cured 治愈；B. bathed沐浴；C. lcked锁上；D. settled使处于舒适的位置，安顿。浴缸适合针鼹，于是作者把它安顿在了那里。故选D。
32．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：第二天我去看他的时候，只看到了堆积的树叶。A. in shape在外形上，处于良好状态；B. in place 在适当的地方；C. in sight看得见，在视野内；D. in rder整齐，按顺序。根据下文的"There was n echidna. I finally fund him"可知，第二天作者去检查针鼹时，只看到一堆叶子，针鼹无处可寻。in sight"看得见，在视野内"。故选C。
33．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我终于发现他试图从我们的前门逃跑。 A. shelter 避难所；B. escape 逃跑；C. rest休息； D. attack攻击。根据语境和下文的"under ur frnt gate" "ready t g hme"可知，针鼹在试图逃跑(escape)。故选B。
34．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他显然已经准备回家了，所以杰姬和我开车去了她发现他的地方，看着他高兴地走了。A. bviusly 明显地，显而易见地，明摆地；B. eventually 最后；C. immediately立刻，马上；D. unwillingly不情愿地。根据上文内容和下文的"s Jacqui and I drve t where she 15 him, and watched as he happily walked ff"可知，针鼹显然已经准备好回家了。故选A。
35．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他显然已经准备回家了，所以杰姬和我开车去了她发现他的地方，看着他高兴地走了。A. accmpanied 陪伴；B. remembered记得；C. sptted发现，注意到； D. caught抓住。此处呼应第一段的"I saw him hit at the crssing"，作者和Jacqui把针鼹送回了Jacqui发现它的地方。故选C。
36．C
【详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在看待问题时避免主观片面。A. cntemprary当代的；B. primitive原始的 C. subjective主观的 D. permanent永久的。根据“ne-sided when lking at prblems”可知，此处是指避免主观和片面看待问题。故选C。
37．B
【详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：该药物增加了血液中的红细胞数量，提高了10%的摄氧量。A. absrbing吸收；B. enhancing提高；C. emerging显现；D. abusing滥用。根据“The drug increases the number f red cells in the bld”可知，药物增加了血液中的红细胞数量，由此可知，应该是提高了10%的摄氧量。故选B项。
38．C
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管小说有一个圆满的结局，但是还是使很多读者。此空为主语补足语，说明主语the readers的状态，故用-ed结尾的形容词unsatisfied。故选C。
39．D
【详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：山姆仅仅是通过看别人用电脑学会了一些电脑知识。A.tk up开始，占据；B.tk n承担；C.picked ut选出；D.picked up捡起；无意中学会；接（某人）。根据“sme knwledge f the cmputer”可知，此处表示“偶然学会”，故选D。
40．A
【详解】
考查介词词组辨析。句意：他们认为这很容易，但即将有一个意外。A. in stre贮藏着，马上发生；B. as well也；C.ver time随着时间的推移；D.after all毕竟。根据句意，但即将有一个意外。故选A。
41．influential
【详解】
考查形容词。句意：测试表明，当我们做决定时，社会环境是非常有影响力的。结合句意和提示词可知，应填入形容词influential作表语，意为“有影响力的”。故填influential。
42．t be studied
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在接下来的几个星期里实验室里要研究危险病毒能引起致命的疾病。句中已经出现谓语动词can cause，故空处为非谓语动词，与主语“The dangerus virus”之间为被动关系，表示将来的动作，故用不定式的被动语态，故填t be studied。
43．n
【详解】
考查介词的固定搭配。句意：野生白鹤的数量正在减少，许多其他物种也濒临灭绝。n the decline为固定用法，意为“在减少”，符合句意，故填n。
44．it
【详解】
考查固定句型。句意：你可以放心，他不会缺席会议的，因为他已经答应来了，而且是个说话算数的人。此处为固定句型rely n it that...“相信……，指望……”，it是形式宾语，that引导的句子是真正的宾语。故填it。
45．critic
【详解】
考查名词。句意：他最新的电影得到了每个评论家的高度赞扬。根据句意可知，此处指“评论家”，every single为形容词，后接名词单数形式。故填 critic。
46．d
47．less
48．had spent
49．relief
50．hw
51．in
52．Being
53．emptied
54．t see
55．where
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者在孩子们离开家上大学后的复杂心绪。
46．
考查部分倒装。句意：我很少需要每天准备家庭晚餐。否定词rarely置于句首，句子需要部分倒装，结合动词need可知，此处应填助动词，根据时间状语every day判断为一般现在时，主语为I，助动词应用d。故填d。
47．
考查比较级。句意：要洗的衣服也少得多。结合上文“Evan and Alex each f fr cllege”可知，孩子们上大学了，因此要洗的衣服比以前少得多，应用less修饰laundry。故填less。
48．
考查时态。句意：当孩子们还是婴儿时，我想知道在他们出生之前我是如何度过所有的时间的。根据“befre they were brn”可知，此处应用过去完成时表示发生在过去之前的动作。故填had spent。
49．
考查名词。句意：另一方面，担忧与宽慰交织在一起。空处应填名词作with的宾语，relief“宽慰”符合题意，不可数。故填relief。
50．
考查宾语从句。句意：我看到了没有我，他们多么茁壮的成长。空处引导宾语从句，从句成分完整，但缺少修饰副词energetically的状语，应用hw引导。故填hw。
51．
考查介词。句意：不，因为在过去的一年里，我为自己不依赖于他们而感到非常自豪。结合句意表达“以……为骄傲/自豪”表达为take pride in。故填in。
52．
考查非谓语动词。句意：现在作为一个不同类型的母亲定义了我。分析可知，此处应用所给词的动名词形式作主语。故填Being。
53．
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，我的发现填补了因失去而空虚的空间。空处作后置定语，应用非谓语动词，empty和逻辑主语spaces之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填emptied。
54．
考查不定式。句意：我现在有机会像全世界一样看待他们，但也不会像其他人一样。chance后通常用不定式作后置定语，have the chance t d sth.“有机会做某事”。故填t see。
55．
考查定语从句。句意：孩子们曾经睡过的房间看起来空空的。空处引导定语从句，先行词rm在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
56．Let’s Read
Persnally, while fstering a lve fr any kind f reading is crucial fr ur learning and develpment, explring bigraphies ffers an especially enriching experience.
Bigraphies are narrative and expsitry texts that give an accunt f the life f a persn. Gd bigraphies present details f the persn’s life t help us understand its curse. They als ffer priceless life lessns and help braden ur hrizns. I myself am particularly captivated by Hdges’ 1983 bigraphy f Alan Turing, which sheds light n the inner wrkings f this brilliant cmputer pineer.
Reading bks like this, I am intrduced int a fantastic wrld f diverse and extensive knwledge. Reading bigraphies nt nly cultivates valuable new perspectives, but als encurages self-discvery. Abut all, it’s great fun! That’s why I strngly recmmend it t anyne wh lves reading.
【导语】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一份稿件，根据个人的阅读体会，从所读过的书籍中选定一种类型，推荐给其他同学。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
关键的：crucial →critical
描述：give an accunt f →describe
揭示：shed light n →reveal
喜欢：lve→ be fnd f
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Gd bigraphies present details f the persn’s life t help us understand its curse.
拓展句：Gd bigraphies present details f the persn’s life which help us understand its curse.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]I myself am particularly captivated by Hdges’ 1983 bigraphy f Alan Turing, which sheds light n the inner wrkings f this brilliant cmputer pineer.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]That’s why I strngly recmmend it t anyne wh lves reading.（运用了why引导表语从句和wh引导定语从句）
57．Paragraph 1:
We started t meet regularly t draw up ur plans. Cmpanin as I was in the prject, I still had n sense f participating in the prject. My teammate kept his brain ccupied in develping the hypthesis, setting up an experiment t test it, and running the tests alne, leaving me just standing beside him as if I were a fl. “What a dull prject it is!” I murmured t myself. Hwever, smething changed gradually, as I became aware what the tactile-kinesthetic perceptin f space meant. Thanks t the intense, fiercely cmpetitive, singularly serius fellw, the whle prcedure went smthly, clse t the final stage.
Paragraph 2:
One day I gt wrd that he was admitted t hspital fr a serius disease. Withut any delay, I packed up my schl bag, tk all the experiment statistics and rushed t the hspital. Seeing the pale fellw wearing pure white clthes instead f the annying dark clthes, I felt a sense f sympathy and mercy welling up in my heart. With his guidance, I finished the statistical analysis and presented the findings, It turned ut t be such an amazing and persuasive study that my teammate and I did win the best grade. Nw, we have been mst reliable cperative partners ever since!
【导语】
本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了在一次心理学课程任务中，老师把作者与他最想避开的很有个性的学霸变成了搭档，两人不得不在任务中相互磨合，而作者在任务中也渐入佳境，但是搭档突然住院，在搭档的指导下，作者圆满完成了任务，两人也成为最值得信赖的搭档。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我们开始定期开会制定计划”可知，第一段可描写作者与搭档的磨合，搭档顾自做任务时作者插不上手，但是作者没有退缩，跟着搭档，作者弄明白了他们所进行的任务，也能帮忙了。
②由第二段首句内容“有一天我听说他得了重病住进了医院”可知，第二段可描写作者在搭档缺席的情况下，由搭档指导，完美完成任务，并于搭档成为好朋友。
2.续写线索：制定计划——看搭档独自做任务——明白任务——任务将近尾声——得知搭档住院——看望搭档——接受指导完成任务——成为最值得信赖的搭档
3.词汇激活
行为类
忙着做某事：be ccupied in ding sth./be busy ding sth.
冲向：rush t/dash t
完成：accmplish/achieve
情绪类
使恼怒的：annying/distressing
令人惊讶的：amazing/astnishing
【点睛】
[高分句型1]
Cmpanin as I was in the prject, I still had n sense f participating in the prject.（as引导的让步状语从句使用了部分倒装，动名词短语作介词宾语）
[高分句型2]
Hwever, smething changed gradually, as I became aware what the tactile-kinesthetic perceptin f space meant.（what引导宾语从句）