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专题05 阅读理解七选五(说明文)-2023年高考英语真题题源解密(新高考卷)
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(2023·新高考卷I阅读理解七选五)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Persnal Frgiveness
Taking respnsibility fr mistakes is a psitive step, but dn’t beat yurself up abut them. T err (犯错) is human. ____16____ Yu can use the fllwing writing exercise t help yu d this.
In a jurnal r n a piece f paper, put the heading “Persnal strengths.” ____17____ Are yu caring? Creative? Generus? A gd listener? Fun t be arund? They dn’t have t be wrld-changing, just aspects f yur persnality that yu’re prud f.
At the tp f a secnd page, put the heading “Acts f kindness.” On this ne, list all the psitive things yu’ve dne fr thers. It might be the time when yu helped a friend with their hmewrk, when yu did the irning withut being asked, r when yu baked ckies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
Yu culd ask a friend r family member t help add t yur list. ____19____ That way, yu culd exchange thughts n what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh. In fact, dn’t wait until yu’ve made a mistake t try this—it’s a great way t bst self-cnfidence at any time.
It’s smething f a cliché (陈词滥调) that mst peple learn nt frm their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a psitive way t develp and grw.
A. A little self-frgiveness als ges a lng way.
B. Nw list all the characteristics yu like abut yurself.
C. They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise.
D. It’s just as imprtant t shw yurself sme frgiveness.
E. It desn’t mean yu have t ignre what’s happened r frget it.
F. Whatever it is, n matter hw small it might seem, write it dwn.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality.
语篇解读
主旨概要
本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕,并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为,人们可以学会原谅自己的错误,并从中成长。
语言知识
词汇默写
1. respnsibility 2. psitive 3. irn
4. bst 5. characteristic
词汇答案
1. respnsibility n. 责任;职责;责任心
【答案与解析】
16【答案】D
根据空前内容“Taking respnsibility fr mistakes is a psitive step, but dn’t beat yurself up abut them. T err (犯错) is human.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步,但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过。)”可知,作者认为人都会犯错,勇于承担责任固然重要,但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“Yu can use the fllwing writing exercise t help yu d this.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。)”中的“d this”以及下文内容可推断,空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as imprtant t shw yurself sme frgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近,起承上启下的作用。故选D。
17【答案】B
根据空前内容“In a jurnal r n a piece f paper, put the heading “Persnal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are yu caring? Creative? Generus? A gd listener? Fun t be arund? They dn’t have t be wrld-changing, just aspects f yur persnality that yu’re prud2. psitive adj. 积极的;肯定的;明确的;正面的;正数的;阳性的n. 正面;正数;正片;[语]原级
3. irn n. 熨斗;铁;刚强(复)irns: 镣铐.v. 熨;烫adj. 铁的;刚强的
4. bst v. 提高;增加;鼓励;举起;为...做宣传n. 增加;推进;鼓励
5. characteristic n. 特点;特性;特色adj. 典型的;特有的
重点短语
1.beat sb up痛打,狠揍,重伤(某人)
2. shine thrugh 表现出来
长难句分析
1.It might be the time when yu helped a friend with their hmewrk, when yu did the irning withut being asked, r when yu baked ckies after the family had had a tiring day.
句意为:可能是你帮朋友做作业的时候,可能是你没有人要求的情况下熨衣服的时候,也可能是你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。
句型分析:该句为复合句,句子的主干为“It might be the time”,其中r连接三个定语从句,分别是“when yu helped a friend with their hmewrk”,“when yu did the irning withut being asked”和“when yu baked ckies after the family had had a tiring day”。
2. That way, yu culd exchange thughts n what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh.
句意为:这样,你们就可以交流思想,看看是什么让你们每个人与众不同,以及你们个性中表现出来的方方面面。
句型分析:该句为复合句,句子主干为“yu culd exchange thughts n”,其中宾语从句“what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh”作为介词n的宾语。
f.(你有爱心吗?有创造力吗?你慷慨吗?是一个好的倾听者?与人相处很有趣吗?它们不一定要改变世界,只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知,空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Nw list all the characteristics yu like abut yurself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容,下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。
18【答案】F
根据上文内容“At the tp f a secnd page, put the heading “Acts f kindness.” On this ne, list all the psitive things yu’ve dne fr thers. It might be the time when yu helped a friend with their hmewrk, when yu did the irning withut being asked, r when yu baked ckies after the family had had a tiring day.(在第二页的顶部,写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上,列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候,当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候,或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知,本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, n matter hw small it might seem, write it dwn.(不管是什么,不管它看起来有多小,都要把它写下来。)”与上文内容一致,讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小,只要是好的事情,都记下来。故选F。
19【答案】C
根据空后内容“That way, yu culd exchange thughts n what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh.(这样,你们就可以交换意见,谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同,以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知,空处提到了某种方式,这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境,C项中的“they”与空前的“Yu culd ask a friend r family member t help add t yur list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend r family member”保持一致,同时选项C和下文“In fact, dn’t wait until yu’ve made a mistake t try this—it’s a great way t bst self-cnfidence at any time.(事实上,不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
20【答案】G
根据空前内容“It’s smething f a cliché (陈词滥调) that mst peple learn nt frm their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习,而是从他们的错误中学习,这是陈词滥调。但事实是,这是真的。)”可知,作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality.(不管你犯了什么错误,记住这不是你性格中固定的一面。)”符合语境,G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a psitive way t develp and grw.(我们一直在改变和学习,错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)”保持一致,指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面,我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。
(2023·新高考卷II阅读理解七选五)
As an artist wh shares her jurney n scial media, I’m ften asked by curius fllwers hw t begin an art jurney. Unfrtunately, there is n magic list I can ffer. I d remember, thugh, what it was like t be a cmplete beginner. S I’ve put tgether sme gd tips fr starting an art jurney.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbk (素描本) fr small studies. These small studies prvide inspiratin and may be a springbard fr mre cmplex wrks in the future. ___36___ Yu’ll want t lk back n yur jurney t see hw far yu’ve cme.
·Paint ften and paint frm life. There’s n better way t imprve than t put in thse brush miles. Whether yu paint still lifes, prtraits, r landscapes, paint frm life as much as pssible. ___37___
·Cntinually challenge yurself t try smething new. ___38___ Artistic grwth can be a bit painful. Welcme t the club;we’ve all been there. I lve taking n challenges. I nce tk up a challenge t create a painting every day fr a mnth and pst the wrks nline.
·___39___ Seeking and accepting cnstructive feedback (反馈) is crucial t grwth. I pst my wrk n scial media and, in turn, have met sme f the kindest peple. They make me feel valued and respected, n matter my level f artistic ability.
The jurney yu’re n wn’t fllw a straight path. ___40___ Push thrugh, give it time and put in the effrt. Yu will harvest the rewards f an artistic life.
A Get ut f yur cmfrt zne.
B. Make career plans and set gals.
C. Dn’t thrw away yur beginner art.
D. Share yur wrk if yu feel cmfrtable ding s.
E. Yu’ll hit radblcks, and yu’ll feel discuraged at times.
F. Evaluate yur perfrmance and, if needed, redefine yur rle.
G. Yu’ll develp that painting muscle memry that nly cmes with repetitin.
全文大意
作为一个在社交媒体上分享自己艺术之旅的艺术家,我经常被好奇的关注者问到如何开始艺术之旅。不幸的是,我没有“神奇清单”可以提供。不过,我还记得作为一个完全的初学者是什么感觉。因此,我整理了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。
从小事开始。我建议使用素描本进行简单练习。这些简单练习能够提供灵感,并可能成为未来更复杂作品的跳板。不要扔掉你的初学者作品。你会想回顾自己的旅程,看看自己走了多远。
经常绘画,且画生活场景。没有比积累更多绘画经验更好的提升方式了。无论你绘制静物、肖像还是风景,尽可能多地绘制真实生活中的场景。只有这样,你才能培养那种只有通过重复才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆。
【答案】36. C 37. G 38. A 39. D 40. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。
【36题详解】
根据前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbk (素描本) fr small studies. These small studies prvide inspiratin and may be a springbard fr mre cmplex wrks in the future. (从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感,并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后文“Yu’ll want t lk back n yur jurney t see hw far yu’ve cme.持续挑战自己,尝试新的事物。走出你的舒适区。艺术的成长有时可能会有些痛苦,但欢迎你加入这个行列;我们都曾经历过。我喜欢接受挑战。我曾经接受过一个挑战,每天创作一幅画并在网上展示一个月。
如果你愿意,你还可以分享你的作品。寻求和接受建设性的反馈对于成长至关重要。我会在社交媒体上发布我的作品,并且通过这种方式结识了一些最友善的人。他们让我感到被重视和受尊重,无论我的艺术水平如何。
你所走的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路。你会遇到阻碍,有时会感到沮丧。坚持下去,给它时间和努力。你将会收获艺术生活的回报。
语言知识
词汇默写
1. curius 2.fllwer 3.sketchbk 4.inspiratin 5.springbard 6.cmplex
7. brush 8.prtrait 9.landscape 10.muscle 11. repetitin 12. cntinually
13. challenge 14.artistic 15.painful 16. seek 17. cnstructive 18. feedback
19. crucial 20. radblck
词汇答案
1.好奇心 2.追随者 3.素描本 4.灵感 5.跳板 6.复杂的 7.画笔,刷子 8.肖像 9.风景 10.肌肉 11.重复 12.不断地 13.挑战 14.艺术的 15.痛苦的 16.寻求 17.建设性的 18.反馈 19.关键 20.路障
重点短语
put tgether 整理,合并 2. thrw away 扔掉3. brush miles 绘画经验4. cmfrt zne 舒适区5. a bit 一点点 6.take n 接受 tk up a challenge 接受挑战8. be crucial t sth对...重要 9. in turn 反过来10. feel valued and respected 感到被重视和尊重
11.feel discuraged 受挫13. at times 有时15. give it time 耐心等待
长难句分析
I d remember, thugh, what it was like t be a cmplete beginner.
句意为:不过,我还记得作为一个完全的初学者是什么感觉。
句型分析:这是一个主从复合句。整个句子的结构为主谓宾,主语I,谓语 remember,宾语是由what引导的宾语从句。在宾语从句中,it为形式主语,动词为was, 表语为like。其中,what在从句中做like的宾语。 t be a cmplete beginner为目的状语。
(你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅,看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知,空处应是一个过渡句,从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践,到回顾自己的艺术之旅,所以C项“Dn’t thrw away yur beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品)”符合文意,和后文形成顺承关系。故选C项。
【37题详解】
分析设空处,位于段尾,是对本段的总结,根据前文“Paint ften and paint frm life. There’s n better way t imprve than t put in thse brush miles. Whether yu paint still lifes, prtraits, r landscapes, paint frm life as much as pssible. (经常作画,且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景,都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知,本段主要讲述不断练习绘画,所以G项“Yu’ll develp that painting muscle memry that nly cmes with repetitin. (你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。
【38题详解】
分析设空处,空处位于第二句,此处应是对前一句的进一步解释,并同时引出后文,根据前文“Cntinually challenge yurself t try smething new. (不断挑战自己,尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic grwth can be a bit painful. (艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知,A项“Get ut f yur cmfrt zne. (走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明,和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。
【39题详解】
分析设空处,位于段首,是本段的中心句,根据后文“Seeking and accepting cnstructive feedback (反馈) is crucial t grwth. I pst my wrk n scial media and, in turn, have met sme f the kindest peple. They make me feel valued and respected, n matter my level f artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品,并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何,他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知,本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品,所以D项“Share yur wrk if yu feel cmfrtable ding s. (如果你感觉舒适的话,分享你的作品)”符合文意,是本段的中心句。故选D项。
【40题详解】
分析设空处,空处位于第二句,此处应是对前一句的进一步解释,并同时引出后文,根据前文“The jurney yu’re n wn’t fllw a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push thrugh, give it time and put in the effrt. Yu will harvest the rewards f an artistic life. (坚持下去,给它时间,付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知,E项“Yu’ll hit radblcks, and yu’ll feel discuraged at times. (你会遇到障碍,有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明,和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。
【命题意图】
连续两年七选五语篇类型均为说明文,2023年I卷语篇的主要内容是学会适度自我原谅,通过罗列个人优点和做过的好事来提升自信,语篇选择非常适合考题特点,文章结构严谨,连贯流畅,空格设计对情境因素考虑比较充分。2023年II卷语篇主要介绍了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。该语篇为学习绘画的朋友提出一些建议,内容贴近学生生活,能引起学生共鸣。选择该语篇旨在引导学生加深对艺术的认识,培养健康向上的审美情趣,以美育人。考试设题也非常适合考题特点,文章结构严谨,连贯流畅,空格设计对情境因素考虑比较充分。
【考查要点】
高中英语阅读七选五题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系,理解句子之间、段落之间的关系,对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握,并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。可以说,此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试。2023年I卷考点设置:段首设空0题;段中设空4题;段尾设空1题。2023年II卷考点设置:段首设空1题;段中设空3题;段尾设空1题。
【课标链接】
语篇是语言学习的主要载体,学习语篇知识是发展语言运用能力的基础。理解语篇,涉及把握语篇的微观和宏观组织结构,如:语篇中段首句、主题句、过渡句的作用及位置,句子内部的指代关系,段与段之间的关系,语篇各部分与语篇主题之间的关系等。因此,学生要重点训练 “逻辑能力”,既训练句际逻辑关系,也要训练段际逻辑关系。
【1】(2022·新高考卷I阅读理解七选五)
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasns t Thank Yur Wrkut Partner.” One reasn was: “Yu’ll actually shw up if yu knw smene is waiting fr yu at the gym, ” while anther read: “___36___” With a wrkut partner, yu will increase yur training effrt as there is a subtle (微妙) cmpetitin.
S, hw d yu find a wrkut partner?
First f all, decide what yu want frm that persn. ___37___ Or d yu just want t be physically fit, able t mve with strength and flexibility? Think abut the exercises yu wuld like t d with yur wrkut partner.
Yu might think abut psting what yu are lking fr n scial media, but it prbably wn’t result in a useful respnse. ___38___ If yu plan n wrking ut in a gym, that persn must belng t the same gym.
My partner psted her request n the ntice bard f a lcal park. Her ntice included what kind f training she wanted t d, hw many days a week and hw many hurs she wanted t spend n each sessin, and her age. It als listed her favrite sprts and activities, and prvided her phne number. ___39___
Yu and yur partner will prbably have different skills. ___40___ Over time, bth f yu will benefit — yur partner will be able t lift mre weights and yu will becme mre physically fit. The cre (核心) f yur relatinship is that yu will always be there t help each ther.
A. Yur first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A wrkut partner usually needs t live clse by.C. Yu’ll wrk harder if yu train with smene else.
D. D yu want t be a better athlete in yur favrite sprt?
E. Hw can yu write a gd “seeking training partner” ntice?
F. Just accept yur differences and learn t wrk with each ther.
G. Any ntice fr a training partner shuld include such infrmatin.
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. B 39. G 40. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。
【36题详解】
根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasns t Thank Yur Wrkut Partne.” One reasn was: “Yu’ll actually shw up if yu knw smene is waiting fr yu at the gym,”(《健身杂志》最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由是:“如果你知道有人在健身房等你,你就会去锻炼。”)”可知,这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。所以选择项C“Yu'll wrk harder if yu train with smene else.(如果你和别人一起训练,你会更努力。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
【37题详解】
根据前文“First f all, decide what yu want frm that persn. (首先,决定你想从那个人身上得到什么。)”和后文“Or d yu just want t be physically fit, able t mve with strength and flexibility?(或者你只是想要身体健康,能够移动的力量和灵活性?)”可知,这里是一个问句,反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以选择项D“D yu want t be a better athlete in yur favrite sprt? (你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗?)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
【38题详解】
根据前文“Yu might think abut psting what yu are lking fr n scial media, but prbably wn't result in a useful respnse. (你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西,但可能不会得到有用的回应。)”和后文“If yu plan n wrking ut in a gym, that persn must belng t the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼,那个人一定是同一个健身房的。)”可知,寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。所以选择项B“A wrkut partner usually needs t live clse by. (锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
【39题详解】
根据前文“My partner psted her request n the ntice bard f a lcal park. Her ntice included what kind f training she wanted t d, hw many days a week and hw many hurs she wanted t spend n each sessin, and her age. It als listed her favrite sprts and activities, and prvided her phne number. (我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼,每周多少天,每次培训要花多少小时,以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动,并提供了她的电话号码。)”可知,本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例,说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选择项G“Any ntice fr a training partner shuld include such infrmatin. (任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
【40题详解】根据前文“Yu and yur partner will prbably have different skills. (你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能。)”和后文“Over time, bth f yu will benefit -- yur partner will be able t lift mre weights and yu will becme mre physically fit.(久而久之,你们双方都会受益——你的伴侣会举起更多的重量,你也会变得更健康。)”可知,要学会求同存异,一起合作,共同提高。所以选择项F“Just accept yur differences and learn t wrk with each ther. (接受你们的不同,学会彼此合作。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
【2】(2022·新高考卷II阅读理解七选五)
Writing an essay is a difficult prcess fr mst peple. Hwever, the prcess can be made easier if yu learn t practice three simple techniques.
___16___ When yu are first trying t think f ideas fr an essay, put yur pen t yur paper and write nnstp fr ten r fifteen minutes withut letting yur pen leave the paper. Stay lse and free. ___17___ Dn’t wrry abut grammar r spelling. Even thugh this technique wn’t wrk fr everyne, it helps many peple get a gd stre f ideas t draw n.
The next technique is t write yur draft rapidly withut wrrying abut being perfect. ___18___ Yet, by learning t live with imperfectin, yu will save yurself headaches and a wastepaper basket full f crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think f yur first draft as a path cut ut f the jungle—as part f an explratin, nt as a cmplete highway.
The third technique is t try printing ut a triple—spaced (三倍行距) cpy t allw space fr revisin. ___19___ As a result, these writers never get in the habit f crssing ut chunks (大块) f their draft and writing revisins in the blank space. After yu have revised yur draft until it is t messy t wrk frm anymre, yu can enter yur changes int yur wrd prcessr. ___20___ The resulting blank space invites yu t revise.
A. Make sure yur handwriting is neat.
B. Let yur pen fllw the waves f thught.
C. The secnd draft f the essay shuld be better.
D. First f all, learn the technique f nnstp writing.
E. T many writers try t get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers dn’t leave enugh space t revise.
G. Then yu can print ut a fresh draft, again setting yur text n triple-space.
【答案】16 D 17. B 18. E 19. F 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是写文章的技巧。
【16题详解】
空格处是本段的主题句,由空后的“When yu are first trying t think f ideas fr an essay, put yur pen t yur paper and write nnstp fr ten r fifteen minutes withut letting yur pen leave the paper.(当你第一次想写一篇文章的时候,把笔放在纸上,不间断地写10到15分钟,不要让笔离开纸。)”可知,本段主要讲的是要学会不间断地写,D选项“First f all, learn the technique f nnstp writing.(首先,学习不间断写作的技巧。)”概括了本段的主要内容,可作为主题句,故选D。
【17题详解】
空前说“Stay lse and free.(保持宽松和自由。)”,空后说“Dn’t wrry abut grammar r spelling.(不要担心语法和拼写。)”,因此空格处应说按心里想的写,自由发挥,B选项“Let yur pen fllw the waves f thught.(让你的笔跟随思想的波浪。)”说明了按自己的思路和想法来写,因此承上启下,符合语境,故选B。
【18题详解】
空前说“The next technique is t write yur draft rapidly withut wrrying abut being perfect.(下一个技巧是快速写草稿,不要担心是否完美。)”,空后说“Yet, by learning t live with imperfectin, yu will save yurself headaches and a wastepaper basket full f crumpled (弄皱) paper.(然而,通过学习与不完美共存,你将避免自己的头痛和一个装满皱巴巴的废纸篓。)”,E选项“T many writers try t get their drafts right the first time.(太多的作家试图在第一次就把草稿写好。)”中的“get their drafts”和上文的“write yur draft”相呼应,说明了有很多人想一次就写好,这是不合理的,要学会允许不完美的存在,因此E选项承上启下,符合语境,故选E。
【19题详解】
空前说“The third technique is t try printing ut a triple—spaced (三倍行距) cpy t allw space fr revisin.(第三种方法是打印出三倍行距的副本,以便有修改的空间。)”,F选项“Many beginning writers dn’t leave enugh space t revise.(许多初来乍到的作者没有留出足够的修改空间。)”中的“revise”和前面的“revisin”一致,指出了新手作者的常见做法,且其中的“Many beginning writers”和后文的“these writers”相互呼应,因此F选项承上启下,符合语境,故选F。
【20题详解】
空前说“After yu have revised yur draft until it is t messy t wrk frm anymre, yu can enter yur changes int yur wrd prcessr.(当你修改你的草稿,直到它太乱以至于无法继续工作,你可以把你的修改输入到你的文字处理器中。)”,空后说“The resulting blank space invites yu t revise.(由此产生的空白允许您修改。)”,因此空格处应说输入到文字处理器后应该做什么,G选项“Then yu can print ut a fresh draft, again setting yur text n triple-space.(然后你可以打印一份新的草稿,同样将文本设置为三倍行距。)”说的是输入到你的文字处理器后的做法,其中的“triple-space”和后文的“The resulting blank space”相呼应,因此G选项承上启下,符合语境,故选G。
【3】(2021·新高考卷I阅读理解七选五)
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.____36____S the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-flr apartment the size f a cupbard. It was s tiny that we had t leave ur suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, thugh. Unlike a nrmal Parisian apartment, the plumbing ( 水 管 ) wrked. ____37____Our building even had a tiny lift with a female vice that said, “Ouverture des prtes,” in perfect French. That is the nly French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I dn’t have much use fr it.
Parisians are different frm yu and me. They never lk lazy r untidy. As smene nted in this paper a cuple f weeks ag, they eat great fd and never gain weight. ____38____ French strawberries d nt taste like cardbard. Instead, they explde in yur muth like little flavr bmbs.
____39____ On ur first mrning in Paris, I went arund the crner t the fd market t pick up sme grceries. I bught a handful f perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet meln. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cst $18!
In France, quality f life is much mre imprtant than efficiency.
Yu can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crwded.____40____When d these peple wrk? The French take their 35-hur wrkweek seriusly — s seriusly that sme labr unins recently struck a deal with a grup f cmpanies limiting the number f hurs that independent cntractrs can be n call.
A. Nt all the custmers are turists.
B. The quality f life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a cmfrtable bed.
D. The amazing fd is mainly cnsumed by lcal farmers.
E. That’s nt the nly reasn the French eat less than we d.
F. Our aim was t see if we culd live, in sme way, like real Parisians.
G. The fd is s delicius that yu dn’t need much f it t make yu happy.
【答案】36. F 37. C 38. G 39. E 40. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了作者夫妇两人在巴黎的居住的感受。首先,作者介绍了她住的房子;其次,说明了巴黎人生活非常精致的原因;最后,说明法国人对待生活的态度,相较于工作效率他们更看重生活品质。
【36题详解】
上文“My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.(我丈夫和我刚在巴黎待了一周)”说明了背景;下文“S the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-flr apartment the size f a cupbard.(所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵公寓,在第六层,只有一个橱柜那么大)”是空格处的结果,因此空格处需要填原因;根据F项“Our aim was t see if we culd live, in sme way, like real Parisians.(我们的目标是看看我们是否在某种程度上可以活的像巴黎人。)”可知,作者要在巴黎住下来,所以需要租房子,两句构成因果关系。故选F项。
【37题详解】
上文“The place wasn’t entirely authentic, thugh.(不过,这个地方并不是地道的法国住房)”是段落的中心句,说明第二段主要内容是讲解公寓的情况。下文提到了楼宇和电梯的情况。C项“There was a nice kitchen and a cmfrtable bed.(有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适的床)”提到了厨房和床,这些都属于公寓的配置。故选C项。
【38题详解】
上文“... they eat great fd and never gain weight.(他们吃得很好,而且从不发胖)”提及了食物。下文“French strawberries d nt taste like cardbard. Instead, they explde in yur muth like little flavr bmbs.(法国草莓尝起来不像纸板。相反,它们会像小炸弹一样在你嘴里爆炸)”在说明法国的草莓很好吃。上下文结合可知,因为法国的食物质量很高,所以不用吃很多就能很满足,同时吃的少也就不会发胖了。G项“The fd is s delicius that yu dn’t need much f it t make yu happy. (食物是如此美味,你不需要吃太多就能使你快乐)”符合语境要求。故选G项。
【39题详解】
第三段主要描述了作者夫妻去了采购了食物,买了草莓。下文“My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cst $18!(我丈夫和我都认为这是我们吃过的最好的水果。但它们要18美元!)”说明法国的水果好吃但是也很贵。选项E“That's nt the nly reasn the French eat less than we d.(这并不是法国人吃得比我们少的唯一原因)”承接了上一段关于法国人吃的少但是不胖的话题,同时引起下文,给出了法国人吃的少的另一个原因‘物价贵’。故选E项。
【40题详解】
根据上文“In France, quality f life is much mre imprtant than efficiency (效率). Yu can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crwded. (在法国生活质量比效率更重要。这一点你能从咖啡馆生活看出来。法国的咖啡厅总是很拥挤)”可知,上文说明了法国人对待工作不是很积极且咖啡厅里顾客很多。下文“When d these peple wrk?(这些人什么时候工作?)”是一个问句,说明本句属于过渡句,承接上文说明咖啡厅里的造成拥挤的客人的情况,A选项中有“custmer”符合咖啡馆的情境设定,同时讲述了不是所有的客人都是游客,那么意味着大部分人都是当地人,符合下文的提问。故选A项。
【4】(2021·新高考卷II阅读理解七选五)
If the nly reading yu ever d is the nvel r magazine, the speed at which yu read -prbably des nt matter very much. But if yu have t read a great deal fr study, yu will appreciate the benefits f being able t read mre quickly. ____16____
·Befre yu pen the bk, make sure that yu are cmfrtable. Yu need a seat which supprts yur back and the bk shuld be at the right distance frm yur eyes. ____17____
____18____ Lk at the table f cntents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc.This will help yu t decide whether yu really need t read the whle bk r nly certain parts f it. Ten minutes spent in this way culd save yu quite a lt f time in the lng run.
If yu decide that yu need t read the whle bk, decide hw much yu can read at a time. ____19____ A histry bk which may cntain the facts in stry frm will be easier t read than ne dealing with scientific subjects. In the frmer case yu may be able t read a chapter. In the latter yu may nly be able t read ne page.
Always keep a pencil and paper beside yu. ____20____Nte als the facts imprtant fr yur purpse as well as anything which leads yu t further research. Yu dn't have t write these things in detail. It is enugh t put the page number and ne r tw wrds as a reminder .
A. Stp t have a rest nw and then.
B. Spend a few minutes lking thrugh the bk.
C. This depends n the type f bk yu are reading.
D Here are sme tips t help imprve yur reading speed.
E. Make a nte f any page which is f special imprtance.F. Yu may find yurself having t learn smething by heart.
G. Keep the rm cl rather than warm t avid feeling sleepy.
【答案】16. D 17. G 18. B 19. C 20. E
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“If the nly reading yu ever d is the nvel r magazine, the speed at which yu read -prbably des nt matter very much. But if yu have t read a great deal fr study, yu will appreciate the benefits f being able t read mre quickly.(如果你唯一的阅读是小说或杂志,那么你阅读的速度可能并不重要。但是,如果你必须大量阅读来学习,你就会感激能够更快地阅读的好处。)”可知,接下来要介绍提高阅读速度的方法。D项:Here are sme tips t help imprve yur reading speed.(这里有一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。)符合语境。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据本段主题句“Befre yu pen the bk, make sure that yu are cmfrtable.(在你打开书之前,确保你感到舒服。)”可知,本段主要说明要给自己创造舒适的阅读环境。G项:Keep the rm cl rather than warm t avid feeling sleepy.(保持房间凉爽而不是温暖以避免困倦。)符合语境。故选G。
【18题详解】
空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Lk at the table f cntents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc(查看目录、前言、章节标题等。)”可知,本段主要讲述在阅读一本书之前要先浏览一下大致内容。B项:Spend a few minutes lking thrugh the bk.(花几分钟浏览一下这本书。)符合语境。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据上文“If yu decide that yu need t read the whle bk, decide hw much yu can read at a time.(如果你决定要读完整本书,决定一下你一次能读多少。)”和下文“A histry bk which may cntain the facts in stry frm will be easier t read than ne dealing with scientific subjects.(以故事形式包含事实的历史书比科学题材的书更容易阅读。)”可知,看书时间的长短取决于书的类型。C项:This depends n the type f bk yu are reading.(这取决于你读的书的类型。)符合语境。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据段落主题句“Always keep a pencil and paper beside yu.(总是在身边放一支铅笔和一张纸。)”可知,本段强调要随时注意记笔记。E项:Make a nte f any page which is f special imprtance.(把任何有特别重要的一页都记下来。)符合语境。故选E。
分析近三年的高考试题,可以发现七选五以说明文为主,其结构非常的鲜明,设空处前后提示信息很明显,考查考生理解语篇整体或者局部的基本结构,以及上下文的逻辑关系和基本的同义改写能力。“总分关系”在七选五的文中大量出现;中间设空较多,在平时的训练中多注重培养前后文的逻辑思维习惯,学会利用逻辑词、重复词、句型句式等方法来解题。此外,在教学和备考中,学生应该有意识地渗透有关语篇的基本知识,形成语篇意识,把握语篇的结构特征,从而提高理解语篇意义的能力。尤其是在平时的训练中多注重培养前后文的逻辑思维习惯,学会利用逻辑词、重复词、句型句式等方法来解题。
方略一 | 略读文章抓大意
以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的大小标题、首段、每段的首句,以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语(特别是hwever, but等后的内容)等重要部分,以了解文章的基本结构和内容大意。事实上,一般只需花5~10秒阅读大小标题和第一段首尾句即可。
方略二 | 重点阅读上下句
因为正确选项必定会与上下句之间语义衔接、逻辑通顺,解题时大多只看上句,或只看下句,就可基本确定答案。事实上,如果没有时间来得及通读或细读,或者基础不够扎实即使读也读不懂,建议通过以下技巧,也基本上可以得满分。
方略三 | 看看结构变轻松
在解题过程中,除了每做一道有把握的题后就在7个选项中将其画掉缩小范围外,通过观察语言结构也可将选择范围大大缩小,心情变得更加轻松,一般可将7个选项缩小到2~4个选项,碰对的机率大大提高。
方略四 | 词语复现显神功
作者或说话人在谈论某个话题或主题时,与主题相关的词语必定会以原词、同义词或近义词等形式在上下文中重复出现,这种现象叫词语复现。同一个词的重复出现叫原词复现;以同义词的形式重复出现,叫同义复现;以近义词或近义表达(意思相近,表达方式不同)的形式重复出现,叫近义复现;以词义相同而词性不同的形式重复出现,叫同根复现。还有上义词与下义词的复现(adult是teacher, parent的上义词,而teacher, parent就是adult的下义词)。
方略五 | 代词逻辑亦管用
我们知道,七选五就是考查上下文之间的衔接,而代词是语篇衔接的重要手段之一,故解题中要善于利用这一衔接手段。如:
方略六 | 篇章需要基本功
有的题利用文章或段落的“总—分”结构关系来解,也很管用,但需要以下基本功:懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构通常是主题句(总)+支撑句(分)(分述主题的具体内容/说明原因/举例证明等)。如:
【1】(2023届安徽省江淮十校高三下学期5月联考英语试卷)As AI grws mre sphisticated and widespread, the vices warming against the ptential dangers f artificial intelligence grw luder. “The develpment f artificial intelligence culd spell the end f the human race,” accrding t Stephen Hawking. ____16____ “AI scares the hell ut f me,” Tesla and SpaceX funder Eln Musk nce said. Belw we take a clser lk the pssible dangers f artificial intelligence.
Jb lsses due t AI autmatin
AI-pwered jb autmatin is a pressing cncern as the technlgy is adpted in industries like marketing, manufacturing and healthcare. Eighty-five millin jbs are expected t be lst t autmatin between 2020 and 2025.____17____And while it’s true that AI will create new jbs, many emplyees wh wn’t have the skills culd get left behind.
Scial cntrl thrugh AI algrithms (算法)
TikTk runs n an AI algrithm that fill a user’s feed with cntent related t previus media they’ve viewed n the platfrm. Criticism f the app targets this prcess and the algrithm’s failure t filter ut harmful and inaccurate cntent, raising dubts ver Tik Tk, ability t prtect its users frm dangerus and misleading media. ____18____ S it really leads t a situatin where yu literally cannt believe yur wn eyes and ears.
____19____
Blue-cllar wrkers have experienced wage declines as high as 70 percent because f autmatin. On the ther hand, white-cllar wrkers have remained largely untuched. Frm this sense, if the trend cntinues, the existing scial and ecnmic gaps between different races and classes will be further widened. Weakening ethics and gdwill If mankind’s s-called technlgical prgress were t becme an enemy f the cmmn gd, this wuld lead t a heavy blw t mdern civilizatin. The rapid rise f the cnversatinal AI tl ChatGPT gives these cncerns mre substance. Many users have applied the technlgy t get ut f writing assignments. ____20____
A. This fear has becme a reality
B. Widening sciecnmic inequality
C. Financial crisis brught abut by AI
D. N ne knws what’s real and what’s nt
E. It threatens academic integrity and creativity
F. The famus theretical physicist isn’t alne with this thught
G. As AI rbts becme smarter, the same tasks will require fewer humans
【答案】16. F 17. G 18. D 19. B 20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能可能带来的危险。
【16题详解】
根据上文“As AI grws mre sphisticated and widespread, the vices warming against the ptential dangers f artificial intelligence grw luder. “The develpment f artificial intelligence culd spell the end f the human race,” accrding t Stephen Hawking.(随着人工智能变得越来越复杂和广泛,反对人工智能潜在危险的声音也越来越大。斯蒂芬·霍金说:“人工智能的发展可能意味着人类的终结。”)”以及后文““AI scares the hell ut f me,” Tesla and SpaceX funder Eln Musk nce said. Belw we take a clser lk the pssible dangers f artificial intelligence.(“人工智能把我吓坏了,”特斯拉和SpaceX的创始人埃隆·马斯克曾经说过。下面我们来仔细看看人工智能可能带来的危险)”可知,后文提到了马斯克也有和霍金一样的看法,故F选项“这位著名的理论物理学家并不是唯一有这种想法的人”符合语境,故选F。
【17题详解】
根据上文“AI-pwered jb autmatin is a pressing cncern as the technlgy is adpted in industries like marketing, manufacturing and healthcare. Eighty-five millin jbs are expected t be lst t autmatin between 2020 and 2025.(随着人工智能技术在营销、制造和医疗保健等行业的应用,人工智能驱动的工作自动化是一个迫切需要关注的问题。2020年至2025年间,预计将有8500万个工作岗位被自动化取代)”可知,上文提到“有8500万个工作岗位被自动化取代”,说明需要的人力变少了,故G选项“随着人工智能机器人变得更加智能,同样的任务将需要更少的人力”符合语境,故选G。
【18题详解】
根据上文“TikTk runs n an AI algrithm that fill a user’s feed with cntent related t previus media they’ve viewed n the platfrm. Criticism f the app targets this prcess and the algrithm’s failure t filter ut harmful and inaccurate cntent, raising dubts ver Tik Tk, ability t prtect its users frm dangerus and misleading media.(TikTk运行在一种人工智能算法上,该算法将用户在该平台上看过的与之前媒体相关的内容填充到用户的feed中。对该应用程序的批评针对这一过程,以及该算法未能过滤掉有害和不准确的内容,这引发了对Tik Tk保护其用户免受危险和误导性媒体影响的能力的质疑)”可知,本段提到AI算法无法为用户过滤掉无害或不精准的内容,因此受到TikTk批判者的质疑。在此情况下,用户无法分辨眼前信息的真假,因此也造成了用户无法相信所见所闻的情况。故D选项“没有人知道什么是真的,什么是假的”符合语境,故选D。
【19题详解】
根据后文“Blue-cllar wrkers have experienced wage declines as high as 70 percent because f autmatin. On the ther hand, white-cllar wrkers have remained largely untuched. Frm this sense, if the trend cntinues, the existing scial and ecnmic gaps between different races and classes will be further widened.(由于自动化,蓝领工人的工资下降幅度高达70%。另一方面,白领基本上没有受到影响。从这个意义上说,如果这种趋势继续下去,不同种族和阶级之间现有的社会和经济差距将进一步扩大)”可知,本段的主要内容是在讲述AI带来的日益扩大的社会经济不平等。故B选项“社会经济不平等加剧”符合语境,故选B。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Many users have applied the technlgy t get ut f writing assignments.(许多用户使用这项技术来逃避写作作业)”可知,用AI摆脱写作任务,这会给学术诚信和创造性带来威胁。故E选项“威胁学术诚信和创造力”符合语境,承接上文,故选E。
【2】(2023届福建省福州市普通高中毕业班5月质量检测英语试卷)
Traveling itself is an experience hard t be described in wrds. ____16____ Especially the sl (独自) traveling experience is s transfrming that it lives with yu frever. Here I am sharing sme lessns.____17____ Thinking hw I wuld manage my entire day amng strangers n campus, I pretended t be sick. Then I had the same feeling when I was planning t travel alne. Explring a city n my wn was a big fear fr me but I successfully managed it all and nw, I seek ut new pprtunities and experiences. I lve t push myself.____18____
Having grwn up and lived all my life in a single place, I had a small set f friends since my schl days which cntinued till my cllege days.____19____ I met a few very interesting peple with whm I culd feel an instant cnnect and gt sme new friends fr life.
I ttally agree that traveling with family and friends is fun and enjying. But traveling alne is satisfying t. It’s amng thse few things that yu d fr yurself and nbdy else.____20____ During my sl travels I have explred my inner self and have expanded my bundaries which peple arund me have acknwledged at times.
A. I want t experience mre.
B. But all this changed with my first sl trip.
C. I never thught I wuld travel alne in my life.
D. I was s scared when I went t schl first time.
E. Every jurney prepares yu fr the jurney f life.
F. The farther yu travel, the mre independent yu becme.
G. After all yu need t take care f yurself a bit t at times.
【答案】16. E 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己的经历介绍了独自旅行的好处。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Traveling itself is an experience hard t be described in wrds.(旅行本身就是一种难以用语言描述的体验)”和下文“Especially the sl (独自) traveling experience is s transfrming that it lives with yu frever. (尤其是独自旅行的经历能给人带来巨大的改变,它永远与你同在)”可知,上下文都陈述了旅行对人的好处。由此可知,空处内容应与上下文一致,讲旅行的好处。E项“Every jurney prepares yu fr the jurney f life.(每一次旅行都会让你为人生的旅程做好准备)”符合语境。故选E。
【17题详解】
根据下文“Thinking hw I wuld manage my entire day amng strangers n campus, I pretended t be sick. (想着如何在校园里与陌生人相处一整天,我假装生病了)”推知,作者上学第一天非常害怕。D项“I was s scared when I went t schl first time.(我第一次上学的时候非常害怕)”符合语境。故选D。
【18题详解】
空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“Explring a city n my wn was a big fear fr me but I successfully managed it all and nw, I seek ut new pprtunities and experiences. I lve t push myself.(独自探索一座城市对我来说是一大恐惧,但我成功地完成了这一切,现在,我寻求新的机会和经验。我喜欢鞭策自己)”可知,经历挑战后,作者寻求新的机会和经验。由此推知,作者想更多的类似体验。A项“I want t experience mre.(我想体验更多)”符合语境。故选A。【19题详解】
根据上文“Having grwn up and lived all my life in a single place, I had a small set f friends since my schl days which cntinued till my cllege days.(我在一个地方长大并生活了一辈子,从上学到大学,我一直有一小群朋友)”和下文“I met a few very interesting peple with whm I culd feel an instant cnnect and gt sme new friends fr life.(我遇到了一些非常有趣的人,我可以立即与他们建立联系,并结交了一些终身新朋友)”可知,作者从前只有一小群固定的朋友,没有走出自己出生和长大的地方,但后来他遇到了一些有趣的人,并和他们成为朋友。结合本文讲述独自旅行的好处推知,空处应陈述一次独自旅行改变了作者。B项“But all this changed with my first sl trip.(但这一切随着我第一次独自旅行而改变)”符合语境,承上启下。故选B。
【20题详解】
根据上文“I ttally agree that traveling with family and friends is fun and enjying. But traveling alne is satisfying t. It’s amng thse few things that yu d fr yurself and nbdy else.(我完全同意与家人和朋友一起旅行是有趣和享受的。但独自旅行也令人满意。这是你为自己而不是为别人做的少数几件事之一)”可知,相较于和家人朋友一起旅行,独自旅行是为自己做的事情。由此推知,空处应陈述独自旅行的好处。G项“After all yu need t take care f yurself a bit t at times.(毕竟你有时也需要照顾好自己)”符合语境。故选G。
【3】(2023届广东省惠州市高三5月二模英语试题)
Nwadays, in many places f the wrld, kids play sccer less than befre. ___16___ Besides, many parents dn’t knw sccer’s real help t kids. Here are sme reasns why kids shuld play the beautiful game.
Sccer is a team sprt.
Teamwrk is a life skill that kids need t learn. Being part f a team isn’t just abut learning hw t wrk tgether and share talents. It’s als abut teaching kids hw t face failure. It desn’t end there, either. Being part f a team lets kids knw hw t take respnsibility fr their behavir.___17___
Sccer shapes mtr skills (运动技能).
Nwadays, many kids prefer t stay in their rms t have fun thrugh TV, vide games and smartphnes.___18___It can cause them t lse ut n valuable mtr skills. By playing yuth sccer, kids get a chance t develp their physical strength and mtr skills.
___19___
Sccer can imprve students’ cncentratin (专注) in the classrm. Besides, sccer is a fast-paced game, s kids can learn hw t slve prblems quickly. Plus, sccer is a sprt which invlves getting the ball frm pint A t pint B. S kids’ visual-spatial (视觉空间) ability can be imprved when they play the game, which can help them learn subjects like Physics.
Sccer imprves the persnal character.
The Wrld Health Organizatin recmmends kid get at least 60 minutes f exercises daily. This isn’t nly fr the physical benefits but als fr the benefits t the persnal character. ___20___ And these kids ften have mre self-cnfidence.A. Yuth sccer helps imprve family relatinships.
B. S they have less time utdrs fr sprts.
C. Sccer plays a part in schl perfrmance.
D. Being part f a team can help yu make many friends.
E. One cause is that many kids are busy with their studies.
F. Usually kids wh like sprts such as sccer are mre utging.
G. After all, if ne player perfrms badly, the rest f the team will suffer fr it.
【答案】16. E 17. G 18. B 19. C 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是孩子们应该踢足球的原因。
【16题详解】
空格前说“Nwadays, in many places f the wrld, kids play sccer less than befre.(如今,在世界上许多地方,孩子们踢足球比以前少了。)”,空格后说“Besides, many parents dn’t knw sccer’s real help t kids.(此外,许多父母不知道足球对孩子的真正帮助。)”,因此空格处应分析孩子们踢足球比以前少的一个原因,E选项“One cause is that many kids are busy with their studies.(原因之一是许多孩子忙于学习。)”说明了孩子们踢足球比以前少的一个原因,承上启下,故选E。
【17题详解】
空格前说“Being part f a team lets kids knw hw t take respnsibility fr their behavir.(成为团队的一员让孩子们知道如何为自己的行为负责。)”,因此空格处是解释为什么成为球队的一员可以教孩子们对自己的行为负责,G选项“After all, if ne player perfrms badly, the rest f the team will suffer fr it.(毕竟,如果一名球员表现不好,球队的其他队员就会遭殃。)”解释了足球是如何让孩子们有责任心,故选G。
【18题详解】
空格前说“Nwadays, many kids prefer t stay in their rms t have fun thrugh TV, vide games and smartphnes.(如今,许多孩子喜欢待在自己的房间里看电视、玩电子游戏和玩智能手机。)”,空格处应说到这样的后果,B选项“S they have less time utdrs fr sprts.(所以他们很少有时间在户外运动。)”是孩子们喜欢待在房间里的直接后果,故选B。
【19题详解】
空格处是本段的小标题,由空格下方的内容“Sccer can imprve students’ cncentratin (专注) in the classrm. Besides, sccer is a fast-paced game, s kids can learn hw t slve prblems quickly.(足球可以提高学生在课堂上的注意力。此外,足球是一种快节奏的游戏,所以孩子们可以学习如何快速解决问题。)”,因此本段主要讲的是足球对孩子在功课上的积极作用,C选项“Sccer plays a part in schl perfrmance.(足球在学校表现中起着重要作用。)”概括了本段的内容,可作为小标题,故选C。
【20题详解】
空格前说“This isn’t nly fr the physical benefits but als fr the benefits t the persnal character.(这不仅对身体有益,对人格也有益。)”,空格处应接着说足球对孩子性格方面的影响,F选项“Usually kids wh like sprts such as sccer are mre utging.(通常喜欢足球等运动的孩子更外向。)”说明踢足球可以让孩子更外向,是对性格的积极的作用,故选F。
【技巧点拨】
技巧一 | 从细节逻辑上判断——因果关系
在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子,明白这几句话的确切意思,然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上,判断它们之间的关系来进一步确认答案。
因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系,这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有as a result结果,thus/therefre因此,s (such)...如此……以至于等。
技巧二 | 从细节逻辑上判断——转折关系
转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转,则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。表示转折关系的连接词有:hwever然而等。
技巧三 | 从细节逻辑上判断——例证关系
前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样,但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象(例子、类比等)和抽象(观点)的辩证关系,用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。
技巧四 | 从细节逻辑上判断——递进关系
递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系,则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。表示递进关系的连词有:als也, 而且, further另外(的), furthermre而且,此外等。
技巧五 | 从细节逻辑上判断——平列关系
表示列举关系的有:firstly第一, 首先secndly第二, thirdly第三in the first place第一,首先fr ne thing首先等。
技巧六 | 从词汇线索上判断——代词指代
英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高,代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念,巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
技巧七 | 从词汇线索上判断——同义词/近义词
英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用,这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言,上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。
技巧八 | 从词汇线索上判断——同畴词
上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者,或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题
技巧九 | 从试题位置上判断——问题在段首
假如问题出现在段首,它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容,根据段落一致性原则,查找同义词或其他相关的词,推断出主题句。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的,因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段,尤其当选项是几句话时。
技巧十 | 从试题位置上判断——问题在段尾
所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联,此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句,看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词,同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。
如果第一段的段尾是空白,要认真阅读,看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题,如果在段尾提出主题,会用一些信号词如转折词引出来,正确答案中应有这样的特征词。
段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词,如therefre, as a result, thus, hence, in shrt, t sum up, t cnclude, in a wrd等词语,选项中也可发现前文的同义词句
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