重庆市第八中学校2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试题(含答案)

这是一份重庆市第八中学校2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试题(含答案)，共24页。试卷主要包含了单选题，阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，首字母填空，单词拼写，短文填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、单选题
1、It is strngly recmmended that the date ________ by tw days.
A. shuld advanceB. be advanced
C. has been advancedD. is advanced
2、Many f the churches and castles we see tday________ the 19th and early 20th centuries.
A. are dated back tB. date back t
C. will be dated back tD. will date back t
3、Selecting a digital camera fr persnal use is n easy task because technlgy _____ s rapidly.
A. is develpingB. has develped
C. will have develpedD. will develp
4、Spending t much time nline is unhealthy and makes________ very difficult ________ ther things in life.
A. it; fcusing nB. that; t fcus n
C. that; fcusing nD. it; t fcus n
5、His mvie wn several awards at the film festival, ________ was beynd his wildest dream.
A. whB. thatC. whichD. what
6、The teenager________ cleaning up the campus________ playing cmputer games.
A. preferred t; thanB. preferred; t
C. preferred t; tD. preferred; than
7、Enjy the beautiful cuntryside as yu spend a day________ alng the new highway________ Cusc t Lake Titicaca.
A. driving; cnnectedB. drve; cnnecting
C. driving; cnnectingD. drve; cnnected
8、It’s nt what yu think but what yu d ________ cunts.
A. whatB. whichC. asD. that
9、Li Na is still recgnized as ne f the best tennis players arund the wrld ________ she has retired.
A. as ifB. sinceC. even thughD. nw that
10、They were given nthing________ dry bread and water fr their evening meal.
A. ther thanB. rather thanC. mre thanD. less than
11、China’s high-speed railways________ frm 9,000 t 25,000 kilmeters in the past few years.
A. grewB. have grwnC. had grwnD. grw
12、I have been ut f wrk fr half a year, s I want t ______ a jb in this cmpany.
A. prepare frB. take utC. wrk utD. apply fr
13、I ften ______ yu with yur sister-----yu lk s alike.
A. cntactB. cnfuseC. cmpareD. cmpete
14、He cannt cncentrate________ the reading due t the________ scream utside the library.
A. n; annyingB. n; annyedC. t; annyingD. t; annyed
15、This bk, which is quite _______ beginners, has been a best seller n the Internet in recent years.
A. respnsible frB. cncerned frC. suitable frD. grateful fr
二、阅读理解
Smkejumpers
Every year, wildfires destry millins f hectares f frest. Hmes are damaged, and thusands f peple die. Smkejumpers are helping t stp this.
What is the smkejumper?
Smkejumpers are a special type f firefighter. They jump frm planes int areas that are difficult t reach by car r n ft, like the middle f a muntain frest. They race t put ut fires as fast as they can.
What d smkejumpers d?
At a fire site, smkejumpers first examine the land and decide hw t fight the fire. Their main gal is t stp a fire frm spreading. Using basic equipment such as shvels and axes, smkejumpers clear land f burnable material like plants and ther dry material. They carry water with them t, but nly a limited amunt.
Wh can be a smkejumper?
Althugh the majrity f smkejumpers are men, mre wmen are jining. The mst imprtant things are yur height and weight. Smkejumpers emplyed in the US, fr example, must be 120 t 200 punds (54 t 91 kilgrams), s they dn’t get hurt when they land, r get blwn by strng winds. Smkejumpers must als be capable f surviving in the wild.
The wrk is dangerus, and the hurs are lng. But fr these firefighters, smkejumping isn’t just a jb. They lve being able t jump ut f planes, fight fires, and live in the frest. As a 28-year-ld smkejumper Bb Smith says, “This is the best jb fr tugh guys.”
16、What is the first thing a smkejumper des after arriving at a fire site?
A. Clear the land.B. Lk fr water.
C. Study the area.D. Recrd the accident.
17、If yu want t be a smkejumper, yu must be ________.
A. maleB. heavy
C. lder than 28 years f ageD. within a certain weight range
18、Frm which website wuld yu mst prbably find this text?
A. all-jbs. rgB. what-is-n. cm
C. adventureturs. rgD. extremesprts. cm
Many f us have heard f Alex Hnnld, wh made histry in 2018 when he became the first man t climb El Capitan withut rpes r safety equipment. But his mther, Dierdre Wlwnick, just became the ldest wman t cnquer the famus peak: She reached the tp n September 23 — the mrning f her 70th birthday.
Dierdre, the writer and language teacher, decided t take up climbing as a means f cnnecting mre with her sn. In 2008, accmpanied by her sn Alex, she visited a climbing gym and cmpleted 12 rutes that first day with his help, but it was mnths befre she wrked up the curage t return and practice n her wn.
Dierdre became cmmitted t the sprt, and began t meet friends and sharpen her skills. She scaled parts f Half Dme Trail and Cathedral Peak at a time when many peple at her age are thinking abut retirement and slwing dwn. The writer wuld g n t publish a bk abut her climbing experiences with Alex called The Sharp End f Life: A Mther's Stry.
"As a mther, I am impressed by this rle exchange prcess. Parents and children ften wind up changing rles in life as they get lder," she writes in her bk. "But never, I thught, is that transfrmatin as bvius as when they climb tgether."
On September 23, Dierdre and her friends set ut in the dark, at 6 a.m. The rute is steep enugh t require all furs, grabbing rcks and trees and whatever else will hld the weight. Yet despite all difficulties, the team made it t the tp. "It was really inspiring t watch her and then t have her n tp with all f us," said ne f Dierdre's friends. "There was a special lk n everyne's face. We knew where we were. We knew hw amazing the mment truly was.
19、Why did Dierdre start climbing muntains?
A. T celebrate her birthday.B. T knw her sn better.
C. T seek writing inspiratin.D. T set an example fr her sn.
20、Which f the fllwing best describes Dierdre?
A. Curageus and inspiring.B. Patient and respnsible.
C. Devted and generus.D. Cnfident and creative.
21、What des the last paragraph tell abut Dierdre's climbing jurney?
A. It was arranged n her wn.B. It was wrth the effrts.
C. It tk days t be cmpleted.D. It required special equipment.
22、What may be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Muntain climbing benefits health
B. A mther ges beynd her sn's wish
C. Slw dwn, better yur life
D. Climb tgether, cnnect clser
Ever imagined that yur simple T-shirt culd cl yu dwn by up t 5°C n ht summer days? Thanks t a recent discvery, the pssibility is getting clser. The amazing inventin aims t ffer real relief t peple eager t feel cmfrtable and fresh in the utdrs n ht days.
Its inventrs, engineers Ma Yaguang f Zhejiang University and Ta Guangming f Huazhng University f Science and Technlgy in China, tk a cmpletely innvative apprach. They designed a special textile (纺织品) that can absrb bdy heat and re-emit (重发出) its energy int space as mid-infrared radiatin. This textile cls bth the bjects and their surrundings thrugh a technique knwn as radiative cling. This means that even when it lks like yu are wearing regular shirt, yu are actually wearing a device that wrks like a mirrr.
Research cnducted at Stanfrd University in 2017 had already managed t cl the wearer by 3°C, but this previus trial was limited. S researchers still need t test the new apprach t determine hw effectively the new fabric cls while the wearers are standing r walking, and nt directly facing the sky, like in their trials. They als need t examine and measure hw well it wrks when T-shirts are nt in clse cntact with the skin.
Inventrs Ma and Ta are nw lking ut fr textile manufacturers and clthing brands that are interested in using their fabric. They estimate that the new material will increase clthing manufacturing csts by just 10 percent. “We can make it with mass prductin which means everybdy can get a T-shirt and the cst is basically the same as their ld stuff.” Ta said.
S if yu are an athlete r simply smene that has t deal with the extremely high temperatures, be patient because yur days f feeling ht and bthered may be cming t an end!
23、What is the purpse f the new inventin?
A. T cl peple ff in ht weather.
B. T change peple’s bdy temperature.
C. T test the wearers’ temperature.
D. T make wearers fashinable.
24、Hw des the special prduct wrk?
A. By sending ut absrbed heat.
B. By turning sunlight int energy.
C. By keeping heat ut cmpletely.
D. By using light clrs t reflect sunlight.
25、What des Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A. The previus studies lack evidence.
B. The inventin needs further testing.
C. The new textile has a gd cling effect.
D. The new textile applies t varius situatins.
26、What can we learn frm the inventin f the T-shirt?
A. Barking up the wrng tree.B. Rbbing Peter t pay Paul.
C. Killing tw birds with ne stne.D. Putting the cart befre the hrse.
In an amazing paper published last year in Science, a team led by Andreas Nieder f the University f Tubingen in Germany shwed that crws — already knwn t be amng the mst intelligent f animals — are even mre impressive than we knew. In fact, the evidence suggests that they are self-aware and, in an imprtant sense, cnscius (有意识的).
Crws had been bserved previusly t use tls t slve certain prblems. Nieder’s experiment shwed that the birds were actively thinking hw t slve a particular prblem; in effect, they were thinking it ver. This ability t cnsciusly view a prblem was assciated with the cerebral crtex (大脑皮层) in the brains f humans, which birds dn’t have.
Other studies supprt the idea that the bird brain can, in principle, supprt the develpment f higher intelligence. It had nt been accepted in the past due t the small size f birds’ brains. But recent research has shwn that in birds, the neurns (神经元) are smaller and mre tightly-packed, which makes sense t reduce weight and makes it easier t fly. The ttal number f brain cell in crws (abut 1.5 billin) is abut the same as that in sme mnkey species. But because they are mre tightly-packed, the cmmunicatin between the neurns seems t be better, and the verall intelligence f crws may be clser t that f grillas (猩猩).
This research has imprtant results fr ur understanding f the develpment f higher intelligence. First, a cerebral crtex is nt needed, and there are ther means t achieve the same result. Secnd, either the develpment f cnsciusness is very ld tracing back t the last cmmn ancestr f mammals( 哺乳动物 ) and birds abut 320 millin years ag, r, equally interesting, cnsciusness happened at least twice later n, independently in mammals and birds. Bth chices raise the pssibility that higher intelligence n the planet may nt necessarily be mammal r human-like, but culd very well be birdlike.
27、What did Andreas Nieder’s team find ut abut crws?
A. They can use tls t slve certain prblems.
B. They are mre intelligent than ther animals.
C. They have left peple a very gd impressin.
D. They are much cleverer than previusly thught.
28、What des the underlined “It” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A. The develpment.B. Higher intelligence.
C. The bird brain.D. The idea.
29、Why d crws have high-level intelligence?
A. They have mre tightly-packed brains.
B. They have a small number f brain cells.
C. Their brain neurns culd cmmunicate well.
D. Their brain cells are the same with the mnkeys.
30、What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. Higher intelligence n the planet might be different frm what we imagine.
B. Cerebral crtexes are necessary fr the develpment f higher intelligence.
C. Higher intelligence has already develped separately in different species.
D. Bth mammals and birds gt their intelligence frm cmmn ancestrs.
三、七选五
31、Rllerblading
Rllerblading is an excellent sprt that just abut anyne can enjy. Experience and types f skating range in difficulty frm simple fun skating t a much mre aggressive style f skating.
After yu have mastered the basics f rllerblading, yu can begin t master the sprt. ①________ Hwever, sme athletes prefer t perfect their sprt and cmpete in their chsen sprt.
The sprt f rllerblading has many variatins and styles that allw cmpetitin. ②________ Als knwn as urban skating, free skating is set in an urban setting and participants must travel thrugh streets and travel arund any bstacles as fast as pssible in rder t reach the finish. ③________ Jumps, slides and grinds are basic tricks freestyle skaters ften use.
④________ It is specially enjyed by skaters wh prefer perfrming tricks and challenging mvements. Aggressive skating can be perfrmed in an urban setting, like free skating, and this style is ften called street skating. Aggressive skaters can als be fund at skateparks perfrming tricks n the bstacles created specifically t cater t tricks.
Street skaters use any type f urban bstacle t perfrm amazing tricks ranging frm jumps and slides t grinds and airs. Cmpetitins in aggressive skating require cntestants t perfrm increasingly difficult and dangerus tricks in rder t utmatch their cmpetitrs. ⑤________
A. Each style requires different equipment.
B. Many freestyle skaters can als race n ice.
C. Aggressive skating is anther ppular frm f the sprt.
D. Free skating is a type abut finishing as fast as pssible.
E. S aggressive skating is an entertaining sprts t watch.
F. Many peple enjy rllerblading fr the simple pleasure f exercise.
G. In additin t emphasizing speed, free skating ften includes different tricks.
四、完形填空（15空）
A man walked int a small Irish pub and rdered three beers. Bartender(酒吧侍应生) was surprised, but he 1 that man three beers. The very next day that man rdered three beers again and drank quietly at a table. This repeated several times and 2 peple f the twn knew the three beer man.
A cuple f 3 later, the bartender decided t clear this ut and inquired: “Sir, culd yu 4 why yu rder three beers all the time?” The man replied: “It seems 5 , isn’t it? Yu see, my tw brthers live abrad at the mment, ne — in France and anther — in Italy. We have made a/an 6 , that every time we g t pub each f us will rder 7 tw beers and it will help keeping up the family bnd.”
Sn all the twn have heard abut the man’s 8 . Residents f the twn were telling this t newcmers and even invited them t that pub t lk at Three Beer Man.
9 , ne day the man came t pub and rdered nly tw beers, nt three as usual. The bartender served him with 10 feeling. The very next day all the twn was talking abut the news, and sme peple prayed fr the 11 f ne f the brthers.
When the man came t pub the next time and rdered tw beers again, the bartender asked him: “I wuld like t ffer 12 t yu, due t the death f yur dear brther.” The man cnsidered this fr a mment: “Oh, yu are prbably 13 that I rder nly tw beers nw?
Well, my tw brthers are alive and well. It’s just because f my 14 . I prmised myself t 15 drinking.”
32、A. bughtB. awardedC. servedD. passed
33、A. shrtlyB. latelyC. firstlyD. usually
34、A. yearsB. mnthsC. weeksD. hurs
35、A. annunceB. explainC. discussD. find
36、A. strangeB. attractiveC. practicalD. useless
37、A. adventureB. agreementC. cntributinD. speech
38、A. extraB. unusualC. familiarD. varius
39、A. jkeB. stryC. experienceD. game
40、A. OtherwiseB. TherefreC. InsteadD. Hwever
41、A. badB. gdC. interestingD. dull
42、A. failureB. braveryC. absenceD. lss
43、A. appreciatinB. cmfrtC. respectD. inspiratin
44、A. disappintedB. relievedC. delightedD. surprised
45、A. faultB. trubleC. decisinD. dream
46、A. give ffB. give upC. pick upD. pick ut
五、首字母填空
47、A number f the teenagers are s a_______ t nline games that they gradually cnfuse reality and fantasy.(根据首字母单词拼写)
48、We’ll e_______ gifts with the American students at the party. Please prepare yur gifts in advance. （根据首字母单词拼写）
49、O_______ (显然), pprtunities always fall n thse wh are cnfident.(根据中英文提示填空)
50、T make members f a team perfrm better, the trainer has t knw their s________ and weaknesses. (根据首字母单词拼写)
51、The athlete left a deep i_______ n me because f his excellent perfrmance in the cmpetitin. (根据首字母单词拼写)
六、单词拼写
52、He has attempted t find a peaceful _______ (解决办法) t the cnflict.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)
53、The fridge nw presents a cleaner image after I have emptied all the _______ (内容物) in it.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）
54、It is imprtant t _______ (识别) what kind f persn yu are and what special qualities make yu different. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
55、The children________ (假装) t be different animals dancing t the music. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
56、The jb is _______ (挑战) t me because I have little experience. Hwever, it is als rewarding. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
七、短文填空
57、I share a fridge with my clleagues in the ffice, ①_______ which there is a Brita water filter pitcher (净水罐子). One f my ②_______ (c-wrker) cmplained the water tasted “dirty”. It went n fr a few days, and she was ③_______ (astnish) that I culd drink the water withut any truble.
Finally, she ④_______ (figure) ut that the prblem was actually her cup. She simply frgt ⑤_______ (clean) it, which affected the water inside it. She cleaned her cup, ⑥_______ drank the water withut a prblem.
I can’t help but think abut the wrld we live in. T ften we quickly blame ther peple, ther things, anything else but urselves. The wrld isn’t perfect, I knw, but I think we shuld take ⑦_______ step back smetimes and ask urselves sme tugh questins.
Can I be better? Is my heart ⑧_______ (real) pure? Can I imprve this situatin with ⑨_______ (kind)?
I want t tell yu this: please clean yur cup, because when yu d, the water will taste much ⑩_______ (gd). I prmise yu this.
八、书面表达
58、假定你是学生李华，你的美国网友Paul计划来中国旅游，想先学习一些中文，却不知道如何入门，现请你给他一些学习建议。主要内容如下：
1. 你的学习建议；
2. 对结果的展望。
注意：
1. 词数 80 左右；
2. 信的开头结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Paul,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs truly,
Li Hua
参考答案
1、答案：B
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：强烈建议将日期提前两天。根据句意分析句子可知，句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句，句中的recmmend意为“建议”，所以后面that从句中的谓语动词应该用shuld+动词原形，shuld可以省略，且从句的主语the date和谓语动词advance之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态。故选B项。
2、答案：B
解析：考查时态语态。句意：我们今天看到的许多教堂和城堡都可以追溯到19世纪和20世纪初。date back t意为“追溯到”，不用被动语态，排除A和C；句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，故选B。
3、答案：A
解析：考查时态。句意：选择一台数码相机供个人使用并非易事，因为技术发展得如此迅速。根据语境可知技术发展是一个现阶段正在进行的动作，故应使用现在进行时。故选A。
4、答案：D
解析：考查it用法和固定句型。句意：花太多时间上网是不健康的，会让你很难专注于生活中的其他事情。根据句意和句中的make以及形容词difficult分析句子可知，该题是考查由make构成的固定句型make it+adjective+t d smething，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式，形容词作宾语补足语。而代词that是不可以作形式宾语或形式主语的。故选D项。
5、答案：C
解析：考查定语从句。句意：他的电影在电影节上得了几个奖，这是他做梦也想不到的。根据句意分析句子可知，逗号后面的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，该定语从句缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，代指前面句子的内容；关系代词wh只能代指人，所以排除A项；that不能引导非限制性定语从句，所以排除B项；what不是关系代词，不可以引导定语从句，排除D项。which可以引导非限制性定语从句，代指前面主句的内容。故选C项。
6、答案：B
解析：考查固定短语。句意：这个少年宁愿打扫校园也不愿玩电脑游戏。prefer ding...是固定短语，意为“宁愿做……而不愿做……”，故选B。
7、答案：C
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：您可以沿着连接Cusc和Titicaca湖的新公路开车，享受美丽的乡村风光。spend sme time ding是固定短语，意为“花费时间做某事”，第一空用ing形式；as引导的从句中谓语是spend，空格处用非谓语动词，highway和cnnect之间是主谓关系，因此第二空用现在分词，表主动。故选C。
8、答案：D
解析：考查强调句。句意：重要的不是你怎么想，而是你怎么做。根据句意和“It’s”可知，句子是强调句，结构是“It is/was+被强调的部分+that/wh+其他部分”，句中强调的是“nt what yu think but what yu d”，因此空格处是that，故选D。
9、答案：C
解析：考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管李娜已经退役，但她仍然被认为是世界上最好的网球运动员之一。A. as if好像；B. since既然；C. even thugh尽管；D. nw that既然。由句意可知，“李娜已经退役”和“她仍然被认为是世界上最好的网球运动员之一”是让步转折关系，even thugh符合句意。故选C项。
10、答案：A
解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：除了干面包和水，他们晚上什么也没有吃。A. ther than除了；B. rather than而不是；C. mre than超过；D. less than少于。短语nthing ther than表示“除……外没有别的”。故选A。
11、答案：B
解析：考查时态。句意：中国的高速铁路在过去几年里从9000公里增长到25000公里。根据句意和句中“in the past few years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，谓语动词为“have/has dne”，“high-speed railways”和“have”连用，“grw”的过去分词为“grwn”，故空格处应填“have grwn”。故选B项。
12、答案：D
解析：考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我已经失业半年了，所以我想申请这家公司的工作。A. prepare fr准备；B. take ut取出；C. wrk ut解决；D. apply fr申请。根据前文句意以及后文“a jb”可知，此处应指“申请工作”。故选D项。
13、答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我经常把你和你的妹妹弄混。----你们长得太像了。A.cntact 联系；B.cnfuse 使混乱;C.cmpare比较； D.cmpete竞争。根据“ yu lk s alike”可知，我经常把你和你的妹妹弄混。故选B项。
14、答案：A
解析：考查固定短语和形容词词义辨析。句意：由于图书馆外面恼人的尖叫声，他无法集中精力读书。第一空为短语cncentrate n表示“集中于”；第二空修饰scream应用-ing结尾形容词annying，annyed常用于修饰人，表示“生气的”不符合语境。故选A。
15、答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这本书很适合初学者，近年来在网上很畅销。A. respnsible fr对······负责；B. cncerned fr关心······；C. suitable fr对······合适；D. grateful fr对······感激。由“这本书近年来在网上很畅销”可知，说明它很适合（suitable fr）初学者，所以买的人多。故选C项。
16、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据“What d smkejumpers d?”部分的句子“At a fire site, smkejumpers first examine the land and decide hw t fight the fire.（在火灾现场，消防队员首先检查地面情况并决定如何灭火）”可知，在到达火场以后，空降森林消防员首先要研究地面的情况。故选C项。
17、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据“Wh can be a smkejumper?”部分的句子“The mst imprtant things are yur height and weight. Smkejumpers emplyed in the US, fr example, must be 120 t 200 punds (54 t 91 kilgrams), s they dn’t get hurt when they land, r get blwn by strng winds.（最重要的是你的身高和体重。举例来说，美国雇用的空降森林消防员必须重120到200磅(54到91公斤)，这样他们在着陆时就不会受伤，也不会被强风吹走）”可知，空降森林消防员的体重要在一定的范围以内，不能太重也不能太轻。故选D项。
18、答案：A
解析：推理判断题。本文主要介绍的是空降森林消防员的工作内容和加入要求等。所以这篇文章应该来自和工作、职业相关的网站。故选A项。
19、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段"Dierdre, the writer and language teacher, decided t take up climbing as a means f cnnecting mre with her sn.(Dierdre是一名作家兼语言教师，她决定通过登山来和儿子建立更多的联系。)"可知，Dierdre开始爬山是因为想更多地了解自己的儿子。故选B。
20、答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段"She reached the tp n September 23—the mrning f her 70th birthday.(她在9月23日—她70岁生日的早晨登上了顶峰)"，第二段的"it was mnths befre she wrked up the curage t return and practice n her wn(几个月后她才鼓足勇气回来独自练习)"及最后一段的"It was really inspiring t watch her and then t have her n tp with all f us(看着她，然后让她和我们所有人一起站在上面，这真的很鼓舞人心。)"可知，Dierdre是一个有勇气和鼓舞人心的人。故选A。
21、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。由文章最后一段Dierdre的朋友的话""It was really inspiring t watch her and then t have her n tp with all f us," said ne f Dierdre's friends. "There was a special lk n everyne's face. We knew where we were. We knew hw amazing the mment truly was.(Dierdre的一位朋友说："看着她，然后让她和我们所有人一起站在上面，这真的很鼓舞人心。"每个人的脸上都有一种特殊的表情。我们知道我们在哪里。我们知道那一刻是多么的不可思议。)"可知，尽管他们遇到了很多的困难，但当看到她以及大家脸上高兴的表情，他们知道了他们现在在干什么，此刻是多么的不可思议，因此可知他们的努力没有白费。故选B。
22、答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的"But his mther, Dierdre Wlwnick, just became the ldest wman t cnquer the famus peak: She reached the tp n September 23—the mrning f her 70th birthday.(但他的母亲Dierdre Wlwnick刚刚成为登上这座著名山峰的最年长女性：她在9月23日—也就是她70岁生日的早晨—登上了顶峰。)"和第二段的"Dierdre, the writer and language teacher, decided t take up climbing as a means f cnnecting mre with her sn.(Dierdre是一名作家兼语言教师，她决定通过登山来和儿子建立更多的联系。)"可知，本文主要讲述了70岁的Dierdre为了更了解儿子Alex Hnnld，毅然选择参与到儿子爱好的登山活动中，并取得了不小的成就，故D项"Climb tgether, cnnect clser(一起攀登，关系更近)"最适合作为本文标题。故选D。
23、答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“Ever imagined that yur simple T-shirt culd cl yu dwn by up t 5°C n ht summer days? Thanks t a recent discvery, the pssibility is getting clser.(你有没有想过，在炎热的夏天，一件简单的T恤可以让你凉快5摄氏度？多亏了最近的一项发现，这种可能性正在变得越来越近。)”可知，这项新发明的目的是让人们在炎热的天气里凉快下来。故选A。
24、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“They designed a special textile (纺织品) that can absrb bdy heat and re-emit (重发出) its energy int space as mid-infrared radiatin. This textile cls bth the bjects and their surrundings thrugh a technique knwn as radiative cling.(他们设计了一种特殊的纺织品，可以吸收人体热量，并将其能量以中红外辐射的形式重新发射到太空中。这种纺织品通过一种被称为辐射冷却的技术来冷却物体及其周围的环境。)”可知，这种特殊产品是通过散发吸收的热量起作用，故选A。
25、答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。通读第三段及第一句“Research cnducted at Stanfrd University in 2017 had already managed t cl the wearer by 3°C, but this previus trial was limited.(斯坦福大学2017年进行的一项研究已经成功将佩戴者的温度降低了3摄氏度，但此前的试验有局限性。)”可知，第三段主要告诉我们这项发明需要进一步的测试，故选B。
26、答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中““We can make it with mass prductin which means everybdy can get a T-shirt and the cst is basically the same as their ld stuff.” Ta said.(“我们可以大规模生产，这意味着每个人都可以得到一件t恤，成本基本上和他们的旧衣服一样。”Ta说。)”和最后一段中“be patient because yur days f feeling ht and bthered may be cming t an end(要有耐心，因为你感觉炎热和烦恼的日子可能就要结束了)”可知，这种新衬衫既可以降温，又经济实惠，可以说是一石二鸟，故选C。
27、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“In an amazing paper published last year in Science, a team led by Andreas Nieder f the University f Tubingen in Germany shwed that crws — already knwn t be amng the mst intelligent f animals — are even mre impressive than we knew.(在去年发表在《科学》杂志上的一篇惊人的论文中，德国图宾根大学Andreas Nieder领导的研究小组表明，乌鸦——已经被认为是最聪明的动物之一——甚至比我们所知的还要令人印象深刻)”和第二段的句子“Crws had been bserved previusly t use tls t slve certain prblems. Nieder’s experiment shwed that the birds were actively thinking hw t slve a particular prblem; in effect, they were thinking it ver.(乌鸦以前被观察到使用工具来解决某些问题。Nieder的实验表明，鸟类在积极思考如何解决一个特定的问题；实际上，它们正在仔细思考)”可知，Nieder的研究小组发现乌鸦比我们之前想象的聪明得多。故选D项。
28、答案：D
解析：词句猜测题。根据划线词前的句子“Other studies supprt the idea that the bird brain can, inprinciple, supprt the develpment f higher intelligence.(其他研究也支持这一观点，即鸟类的大脑原则上可以支持更高智力的发展)”可知，其他研究也支持这样一种观点，即鸟类的大脑原则上可以支持更高智力的发展。此处承接上文，说的是在过去，由于鸟类的大脑体积较小，这一观点一直不被接受，由此可知，It指代的就是前文提到的“鸟类的大脑原则上可以支持更高智力的发展”这一观点。故选D项。
29、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“But because they are mre tightly-packed, the cmmunicatin between the neurns seems t be better, and the verall intelligence f crws may be clser t that f grillas.(但由于它们的排列更紧密，神经元之间的交流似乎更好，乌鸦的整体智力可能接近大猩猩)”可知，乌鸦的智力很高是因为它们的大脑神经元之间能够很好地交流。故选C项。
30、答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“Bth chices raise the pssibility that higher intelligence n the planet may nt necessarily be mammal r human-like, but culd very well be birdlike.(这两种选择都提出了一种可能性，即地球上的高智能生物不一定是哺乳动物或类人的，而很可能是类鸟的)”可知，地球上的高智商生物可能与我们想象的不同。故选A项。
31、答案：①-⑤FDGCE
解析：这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有关轮滑的知识。
①根据下文“Hwever, sme athletes prefer t perfect their sprt and cmpete in their chsen sprt.(然而，一些运动员更喜欢完善他们的运动，并在他们选择的运动中竞争。)”可知，此处和空格处是转折关系，F选项“Many peple enjy rllerblading fr the simple pleasure f exercise.(许多人喜欢轮滑仅仅是为了运动的乐趣)”与下文构成转折关系，符合语境。 故选F。
②下文“Als knwn as urban skating, free skating is set in an urban setting and participants must travel thrugh streets and travel arund any bstacles as fast as pssible in rder t reach the finish.(自由式轮滑也被称为城市轮滑，它在城市环境中进行，参赛者必须以尽可能快的速度穿过街道，绕过任何障碍，以达到终点。)”介绍了自由式轮滑的主要特点是速度快，D选项“Free skating is a type abut finishing as fast as pssible.(自由式轮滑是一种从开始到结束都尽可能快的运动。)”符合语境，引起下文。故选D。
③上文“travel arund any bstacles as fast as pssible in rder t reach the finish(为了到达终点，尽可能快地绕过任何障碍)”强调了速度；下文“Jumps, slides and grinds are basic tricks freestyle skaters ften use.(跳跃，滑行和磨擦是自由式轮滑运动员经常使用的基本技巧。)”提到一些技巧，所以G选项“In additin t emphasizing speed, free skating ften includes different tricks.(除了强调速度外，自由式轮滑通常还包括不同的技巧。)”承接上文和引起下文，符合语境。故选G。
④下文“Aggressive skating can be perfrmed in an urban setting, like free skating, and this style is ften called street skating.(攻击性轮滑可以在城市环境中进行，就像自由式轮滑，这种风格通常被称为街头轮滑。)”介绍了攻击性轮滑的有关知识。空格处位于句首，应该是本段的主题句，C选项“Aggressive skating is anther ppular frm f the sprt.(攻击性轮滑是另一种受欢迎的运动形式。)”能概括本段内容，可作为主题句。故选C。
⑤上文“Cmpetitins in aggressive skating require cntestants t perfrm increasingly difficult and dangerus tricks in rder t utmatch their cmpetitrs.(攻击性轮滑比赛要求选手表演越来越困难和危险的花样，以超过他们的竞争对手。)”介绍了攻击性轮滑的技巧和难度，由此推知，它极具观赏性。E选项“S aggressive skating is an entertaining sprts t watch.(所以攻击性轮滑是最具观赏性的运动之一。)”与上文构成因果关系，符合语境。故选E。
32、答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：酒保很惊讶，但还是给了那个人三杯啤酒。A. bught购买；B. awarded奖励；C. served端上；D. passed走过。根据前文“A man walked int a small Irish pub and rdered three beers.”可知一个人点了三杯啤酒，所以酒吧侍应生端上了三杯啤酒。故选C项。
33、答案：A
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：这样重复了几次，不久镇上的人都认识了这三个卖啤酒的人。A. shrtly不久；B. lately最近；C. firstly首先；D. usually通常。根据前文“This repeated several times”以及后文“the twn knew the three beer man”可知，这样重复了几次后，很快镇上的人就认识了这个人。故选A项。
34、答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个星期后，酒保决定把这些清理掉，问道:“先生，你能解释一下为什么你总是点三瓶啤酒吗?”。A. years年；B. mnths月；C. weeks；D. hurs小时。根据酒保忍不住问可以推测不可能太久和上文“This repeated several times”有重复了几次可知也不能是几小时，所以几个星期符合使劲。故选C项。
35、答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个星期后，酒保决定把这件事搞清楚，问道:“先生，你能解释一下为什么你总是点三瓶啤酒吗?”。A. annunce宣布；B. explain解释；C. discuss讨论；D. find发现。根据后文“The man replied: “It seems 5 , isn’t it? Yu see, my tw brthers live abrad at the mment, ne — in France and anther — in Italy”可知，这个人是在解释为什么每次点三杯啤酒，所以酒保是在寻求解释。故选B项。
36、答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看起来很奇怪，不是吗?A. strange奇怪的；B. attractive有吸引力的；C. practical实际的；D. useless无用的。根据前文“Sir, culd yu 4 why yu rder three beers all the time?”可知，每次都点三杯啤酒让人感觉很奇怪。故选A项。
37、答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们有个约定，每次去酒吧，每个人都要多点两杯啤酒，这样有助于保持家庭关系。A. adventure冒险；B. agreement协定；C. cntributin贡献；D. speech演讲。根据后文“that every time we g t pub each f us will rder 7 tw beers”可知，每次去酒吧，每个人都要多点两杯啤酒，这是一个协定。故选B项。
38、答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们有个约定，每次去酒吧，每个人都要多点两杯啤酒，这样有助于保持家庭关系。A. extra额外的；B. unusual特别的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. varius各种各样的。根据前文“why yu rder three beers all the time？”可知，男人每次都点三杯啤酒，所以此处是额外的两杯啤酒。故选A项。
39、答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快镇上所有的人都听说了这个人的故事。A. jke笑话；B. stry故事；C. experience经历；D. game游戏。根据后文“Residents f the twn were telling this t newcmers and even invited them t that pub t lk at Three Beer Man.”可知，镇上的居民把这个故事告诉新来的人。故选B项。
40、答案：D
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，有一天，这个人来到酒吧，只点了两瓶啤酒，而不是往常的三瓶。A. Otherwise否则；B. Therefre因此；C. Instead相反；D. Hwever然而。根据后文“ne day the man came t pub and rdered nly tw beers”可知，前文说这个男人一直是点三杯啤酒，此处变两杯，前后是转折关系。故选D项。
41、答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：酒保招待他时心情很不好。A. bad坏的；B. gd好的；C. interesting有趣的；D. dull迟钝的。根据后文“I wuld like t ffer 12 t yu, due t the death f yur dear brther.”可知，是酒保认为他有个兄弟去世了，所以是坏的心情。故选A项。
42、答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二天，全镇的人都在谈论这个消息，有些人为去世的那一个兄弟祈祷。A. failure失败；B. bravery勇气；C. absence缺席；D. lss去世。根据后文“I wuld like t ffer 12 t yu, due t the death f yur dear brther.”可知，镇上的人认为这个男人的一个兄弟去世了，所以是为去世的那一个兄弟祈祷。故选D项。
43、答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当这个人再次来到酒吧，又点了两杯啤酒时，酒保问他:“我想安慰一下你，因为你亲爱的兄弟死了。”。A. appreciatin欣赏；B. cmfrt安慰；C. respect尊敬；D. inspiratin灵感。根据后文“due t the death f yur dear brther”可知，酒保认为这个男人的一个兄弟去世了，所以想给他一些安慰。故选B项。
44、答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：男人想了一会儿:“哦，你可能很惊讶我现在只点了两瓶啤酒?”。A. disappinted失望的；B. relieved释然的；C. delighted高兴的；D. surprised惊讶。根据后文“I rder nly tw beers nw”可知，这个男人之前一直是点三杯啤酒，现在地两杯，让酒保感到惊讶。故选D项。
45、答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这只是因为我的决定。A. fault过错；B. truble麻烦；C. decisin决定；D. dream梦想。根据后文“I prmised myself t 15 drinking.”可知，这个男人决定戒酒了，所以此处指因为他的决定。故选C项。
46、答案：B
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：我向自己保证要戒酒。A. give ff释放；B. give up放弃；C. pick up拾起；D. pick ut辨认出。根据前文说这个男人一直是点三杯啤酒，现在变成了两杯，结合选项，以及前文“It’s just because f my 14 ”他做了决定，可知是戒酒。故选B项。
47、答案：addicted
解析：考查形容词。句意：许多青少年沉迷于网络游戏，他们逐渐混淆了现实和幻想。空格处用形容词作表语，由“they gradually cnfuse reality and fantasy”可知，此处表示“许多青少年沉迷于网络游戏”，空格处意为“沉迷的，上瘾的”，由首字母提示a可知，形容词是addicted。故填addicted。
48、答案：exchange
解析：考查动词。句意：我们将在晚会上与美国学生交换礼物。请提前准备好礼物。根据空格前的We’ll以及句意可知，此处应填动词原形exchange，作谓语。故填exchange。
49、答案：Obviusly
解析：考查副词。句意：显然，机会总是落在自信的人身上。空格处用副词作状语，修饰整个句子，由首字母提示O可知，“显然”的副词是bviusly，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Obviusly。
50、答案：strengths
解析：根据句意和首字母提示，strength：优点，可数名词，and连接并列结构，后面weaknesses是复数，前面也用复数形式，故答案为strengths。
51、答案：impressin
解析：考查名词。句意：这位运动员在比赛中的出色表现给我留下了深刻的印象。根据句意和所给首字母i以及句中动词left和空格后的介词n可知，空格处应该填入名词impressin构成短语leave a deep impressin n smebdy（给某人留下深刻印象）。故填impressin。
52、答案：slutin
解析：考查名词。句意：他试图找到和平解决冲突的办法。“解决办法”是slutin，空前有a，空格处用单数，故填slutin。
53、答案：cntents
解析：考查名词的数。句意：我把冰箱里所有的东西都倒空后，冰箱看起来更干净了。此处用名词作动词emptied的宾语，可数名词cntent（内容物）由all修饰，用名词复数形式。故填cntents。
54、答案：recgnize
解析：考查动词。句意：认识到你是一个什么样的人以及什么样的特质使你与众不同是很重要的。固定句型"It is + adj. + t d sth."，It形式主语，动词不定式（t d）是真正主语，此处用动词原形形式，及物动词recgnize符合句意。故填recgnize。
55、答案：pretended
解析：根据句意及汉语提示"假装"，考虑动词pretend作谓语，结合语境可知，此处是在叙述事实，应用一般现在时，主语the children为复数，谓语动词应用原形。故填：pretend。
56、答案：challenging
解析：考查形容词。句意：这份工作对我来说很有挑战性，因为我几乎没有什么经验，但是，它也是值得的。根据汉语提示以及空格前的系动词is可知，此处应填形容词challenging，作表语。故填challenging。
57、答案：①in②c-wrkers③astnished④figured⑤t clean⑥and⑦a⑧really⑨kindness⑩better
解析：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过讲述自己的一个同事的经历来告诉我们请洗干净自己的杯子，再抱怨生活，因为只有你把杯子洗干净了，里面的水味道才会更好。
①考查介词。句意：我和办公室的同事共用一个冰箱，冰箱里有一个Brita滤水罐。空格处是“介词+which”引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是fridge，“在冰箱里”要用介词in，故填in。
②考查名词的复数。句意：我的一个同事抱怨水尝起来很“脏”。ne f后跟名词的复数c-wrkers，故填c-wrkers。
③考查形容词。句意：这种情况持续了几天，她很惊讶我喝的水没有任何问题。空格处用形容词作表语，修饰主语she用ed结尾的形容词astnished，表示人的感觉，astnished意为“惊讶的”，故填astnished。
④考查时态。句意：最后，她发现问题其实出在她的杯子上。空格处是谓语，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式figured，故填figured。
⑤考查不定式。句意：她只是忘记清洗，这影响了里面的水。frget t d意为“忘记要做某事”，因此空格处用不定式t clean，故填t clean。
⑥考查连词。句意：她洗干净杯子，毫无问题地喝了水。cleaned her cup和drank the water withut a prblem是顺承关系，空格处用and表顺承，故填and。
⑦考查冠词。句意：这个世界并不完美，我知道，但我认为有时我们应该退一步，问问自己一些棘手的问题。take a step back是固定短语，意为“退后一步”，故填a。
⑧考查副词。句意：我的心真的纯洁吗？空格处用副词really修饰形容词pure，故填really。
⑨考查名词。句意：我可以用善意来改善这种情况吗？空格处用名词作宾语，kind的名词是kindness，是不可数名词，意为“善意”，故填kindness。
⑩考查比较级。句意：我想告诉你：请清洗你的杯子，因为当你这样做，水的味道会更好。much修饰比较级，gd的比较级是better，故填better。
58、答案：Dear Paul,
Glad t hear that yu are ging t take a trip t China this August. Welcme!
As I knw, yu are always interested in Chinese culture and want t learn sme Chinese. Therefre, I suggest that yu chse Chinese daily dialgues as a start, like greeting peple, asking fr directins and bargaining fr suvenirs, which can help yu a lt during yur trip. Apparently, learning a freign language needs great effrts. I'd like t be yur teacher and I'll send yu an e-bk with my teaching schedule later. Besides, let's have an nline class ver the Internet every weekend, thrugh which I will try my best t make yur learning easier and surely yu can speak sme fluent Chinese befre yur arrival.
Lking frward t yur early reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
解析：本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国网友Paul写封信，给他一些学习中文的建议。
1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
因此：therefre→hence
建议：suggest→advise
另外：besides→mrever
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Apparently, learning a freign language needs great effrts.
拓展句：Apparently, if yu want t learn a freign language, yu need t make great effrts.
[高分句型1] Therefre, I suggest that yu chse Chinese daily dialgues as a start, like greeting peple, asking fr directins and bargaining fr suvenirs, which can help yu a lt during yur trip. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Besides, let's have an nline class ver the internet every weekend, thrugh which I will try my best t make yur learning easier and surely yu can speak sme fluent Chinese befre yur arrival. (运用了"介词+which"引导的非限制性定语从句)