人教版高考英语一轮复习必修第1册UNIT4 NATURAL DISASTERS课时学案

这是一份人教版高考英语一轮复习必修第1册UNIT4 NATURAL DISASTERS课时学案，共17页。


1 affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)But like anyne fr whm yu feel affectin(affect), custmers can als drive yu mad.
②Welch examined the sick by and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly disease mainly affecting(affect) children.
(普通表达)Many peple were deeply affected by his stry and began t d vluntary wrk fr the disabled.
(高级表达)Deeply affected by his stry, many peple began t d vluntary wrk fr the disabled. (过去分词短语作状语)
◎be deeply/greatly affected by...被……深深地打动
◎be affected with感染……疾病
◎affectin n．喜爱；爱情
◎affectin fr...对……的喜爱或钟爱
◎make a decisin which affects ur lives 做出影响我们生活的决定
◎be affected with a high fever发高烧
◎have a great affectin fr Peking Opera很喜欢京剧
2 ruin [课本义]n.& vt.破坏；毁坏 [增补义]n.破产；废墟 vt.使破产
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)If yu d, yu wn't be able t handle it and the whle thing develps int an unpleasant scene and that ruins(ruin) everyne's day.
②When they returned t Rckaway the next day, they fund their neighbrhd in ruins after a terrible hurricane.
③Des Kilimanjar deserve its reputatin as a crwded muntain with lines f turists ruining(ruin) the atmsphere f peace?
What shcked me was that this nce charming village lay in ruins/fell int ruin, beynd recgnitin(已成废墟，面目全非)．
◎be /lie in ruins成为废墟
◎fall int ruin毁灭；灭亡；崩溃
◎be reduced t ruins沦为废墟
◎ruin sth./sb.毁坏某物/毁掉某人
◎be ruined by...被……毁坏/破坏
◎pay a visit t the ruins f the ancient city游览古城遗迹
◎build a new life ut f the ruins f his career事业失败后重新开始新的生活
◎ruin his chances f getting the jb断送他获得此工作的机会
3 bury vt.[课本义]埋葬；安葬 [增补义]使专心；使沉浸；隐藏
①He std n the sidewalk, his hands buried(bury) in the pckets.
②She began t sb again, burying(bury) her face in the pillw.
③Thugh the idea may be dead, it is far frm being buried(bury)．
Upn waking up, Jim fund himself lying n a stretch f sandy shre with his face half­buried in the sand(脸半埋在沙子里)．
◎把……埋到……里；使……沉浸于……
◎bury neself in/be buried in (ding) sth.埋头于或专心于(做)某事
◎apply neself t/devte neself t/absrb neself in (ding) sth.专心于(做)某事
◎bury her face in her hands双手掩面
◎get buried under a pile f papers被压在一堆文件下面
◎learn t bury yur feelings学会隐藏你的感情
4 suffer [课本义]vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 [增补义]vi.变差；变糟
①(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ改)The prject is als being used t help patients suffering(suffer) dementia, a serius illness f the mind.
②(2020·江苏卷)Later, he wrked in Africa, where many peple suffered frm blindness fr lack f prper treatment.
③(2022·浙江1月)Ms. Burdeyney talked t sme friends wh had similar prblems and discvered that they were largely suffering(suffer) in silence.
He did nt mind being hungry, but the lack f water caused him terrible suffering(缺水给他带来了极大的痛苦) and made his anger even strnger.
◎suffer sth.遭受(痛苦；失败；损失等)；患……病
◎suffer frm...遭受……折磨；患……病
◎suffering n．(肉体或内心的)痛苦；苦难；折磨
◎suffer lss f memry after an accident事故后失去记忆
◎suffer frm separatin frm their parents遭受与父母分离的痛苦
◎turn a blind eye t the suffering f the children对孩子们的痛苦视而不见
5 survive [课本义]vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过 [增补义]vt.比……活得长
①Baptiste is biking acrss Eurpe, surviving entirely n thrwn­away fd.
②(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the mst cmplete city wall that has survived(survive) China's lng histry.
③(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival(survive) f ur natural resurces.
Life isn't abut hw t survive the strm(如何从风暴中幸存下来); it's abut learning t dance in the rain.
◎survive sth.幸免于；从……中挺过来
◎survive frm...从……中存活/流传下来
◎survive n sth.依靠……生存下来
◎survivr n．幸存者
◎survival n．[U]幸存；[C]残存物
◎manage t survive the crisis设法度过这次危机
◎China's ldest surviving traditinal theatre中国现存最古老的传统剧院
◎survive her husband by ten years比她丈夫多活十年
6 strike [课本义]vi. & vt.侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击 [增补义]v.敲；(使)突然想起
①(2020·北京卷)But Smith was struck(strike) mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any f the skills the authr described.
②These effects f the Internet have becme even mre striking(strike) since I began using a smartphne.
③What strikes me as interesting is hw much we judge ther peple by the clthes they wear.
(普通表达)I suddenly remembered that playing against the ther team was a great learning mment.
(高级表达)It ccurred t/struck/hit me that playing against the ther team was a great learning mment.
◎be struck by ... 被……打动；迷恋……
◎strike 让某人觉得……
◎it strikes sb. that...某人突然想到……
◎be n strike在罢工
◎g n strike举行罢工
◎striking adj.惊人的；引人注目的；显著的
◎strike a deal with a grup f cmpanies与众多的公司达成协议
◎strike a balance between wrk and rest做到劳逸结合
◎strike me as very strange让我觉得很奇怪；令我难以置信
7 [教材原句]The mst pwerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed int castlines acrss Asia yesterday, killing mre than 6，500 peple in Indnesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least fur ther cuntries.昨天，40年来最强烈的地震引发的海啸袭击了整个亚洲的海岸线，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少四个其他国家6 500多人死亡。
①(2021·全国甲卷)Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam, I fell nt the stnes, damaging(damage) a nerve in my hand.
②(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever­increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing(reduce) waterfwl habitat.
③(2022·全国乙卷)Sme mrnings, Rsamnd and Drthy wuld arrive at the schlhuse t find(find) the children weeping frm the cld.
The path t Dawsn was cvered with thirty feet f wet snw and a snwslide nce clsed the path, killing 63 peple(一场雪崩一度将小径封闭，造成63人死亡)．
现在分词短语可以在句中作结果状语，一般表示必然的、自然而然的结果。另外，动词不定式，特别是nly t d...形式也可作结果状语，但一般表示意想不到的结果。
There is nthing wrse than trying t relax and eat a special meal nly t find cluds f cigarette smke drifting ver yu.本打算轻松一下，吃上一顿特别的饭菜，结果却发现周围烟雾缭绕，没有什么比这更糟糕了。
8 [教材原句]Thusands f peple are still missing, and the number f deaths is expected t grw even higher ver the next few days.目前仍有数千人失踪，预计未来几天死亡人数还会增加。
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In India, particularly utside cities, yung wmen are expected(expect) t mve in with their husband's family when they get married.
②(2022·全国乙卷改)At present the sugar tax is expected t generate(generate) ￡240m fr the year ending in April 2019, which will g t schl sprts.
(普通表达)Befre starting their prgramme, students shuld take a language test.
(高级表达)Befre starting their prgramme, students are expected/suppsed t take a language test.
be expected t d...可作“预计做……；被期待做……”解，也可作“应该做……；必须做……”解，表示一种要求或规定，此时与be suppsed t d...意思接近。
Thse wh want t participate in the hike are expected t wear schl unifrms and gather at the schl gate befre 8 'clck.想参加徒步的人都要穿校服，8点前在校门口集合。
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空。
1．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure, making(make) it easier t prduce such sunds.
2．They cncluded that she must be ne f thse ne­hit wnders that spring up frm time t time, nly t disappear(disappear) again withut signs.
3．As fr the USA, it is almst unique amng develped natins in having a ppulatin expected(expect) t grw by 20% frm 2010－2030.
4．Almst all big businesses expect their earnings t be affected/will be affected(affect), with sme preparing t mve mre manufacturing abrad.
5．He experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined(ruin) in the Great Depressin f the early 1930s.
6．The nly survivr(survive) frm the plane crash culd d nthing but wait fr rescue n an island.
7．With s many miners buried(bury) under the mine, nne f the rescue wrkers wuld stp t have a rest.
8．I was thinking(think) abut making sme changes t the plan when my directr called and tld me t abandn it.
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．Carmen's affectin fr her sister was plainly t great t permit a painless departure.
2．This cmbinatin f healing myself and healing the wrld struck me as the perfect slutin.
3．It suddenly struck me that I had left my luggage at the airprt when I arrived hme.
4．The 65­year­ld Steve Gdwin was fund suffering frm early Alzheimer's and lsing his memry.
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空。
1．At 3：42 a．m. ne f the mst deadly earthquakes began eleven kilmeters directly(direct) belw the city.
2．In less than ne minute after the earthquake happened, the large city lay(lie) in ruins.
3．The army sent 150，000 sldiers t Tangshan t dig ut thse trapped(trap) and t bury the dead.
4．He has reprted the shcking(shck) findings t the gvernment in an attempt t emphasize that babies are at higher risk f develping the disease.
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．At abut 3 a．m. n 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky utside the city f Tangshan.
2．I climbed and climbed, and there was nthing but just green bushes and these mysterius steps.
3．Sn after the quake, wrkers built shelters fr survivrs whse hmes had been destryed.
4．Humr raises yur energy, and that can have an effect n everything yu d in yur persnal life.
Ⅰ.熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2022·全国乙卷)The sweep f the land and the sticism (坚忍) f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing. B
A．清扫；打扫 B．绵延弯曲的地带
C．在比赛中大获全胜
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)The likables' plays­well­with­thers qualities strengthen schlyard friendships, jump­start interpersnal skills and, when tapped early, are emplyed ever after in life and wrk.A
A．开发；发掘 B．轻敲；轻拍 C．水龙头
3．(2018·浙江6月)Since then, this sciety has mved nward, never lking back, as the car transfrmed America frm a farm­based sciety int an industrial pwer. C
A．电力 B．权力 C．强国
Ⅱ.长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2021·天津卷)We need peple wh can wrk at ur warehuse srting and packing items t be delivered t families, repair dnated furniture and mre.
本句是一个复合句，可简化为：We need peple wh can wrk...
and mre。句中的wh引导定语从句，从句的谓语是can wrk, repair and mre，而srting and packing...是现在分词作动词wrk的伴随状语，t be delivered t families是动词不定式作定语修饰items。
[尝试翻译]我们要招聘一些工人，能在我们的仓库里分拣和包装发往家庭的物品，修理捐赠的家具，还能做附加的工作。
2．(2020·北京卷)Fr example, researchers have fund that in the case f a crisis accmpanied by strng emtins, such as a natural disaster, psitive thinking can prvide a srt f buffer against depressin and anxiety.
本句是一个复合句，可简化为：...
researchers have fund that...
psitive thinking can 。句中的that引导宾语从句，前面的介词短语in the case f...作条件状语，其中，accmpanied by...是过去分词作定语，修饰crisis。
[尝试翻译]例如，研究人员发现，假如伴随着强烈情绪的危机发生时，例如自然灾害，积极的思维可以提供一种对抗抑郁和焦虑的缓冲。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
A terrible earthquake struck this area last week, 1.which shcked the whle cuntry. Great damage was dne t river dams, cal mines and railway tracks. Numerus huses 2.were destryed(destry), many streets became cracked and a few gas 3.pipes(pipe) burst. It seemed as if the wrld were at 4.an end. The lcal gvernment respnded 5.quickly(quick) t this disaster and many sldiers and wrkers were sent t the rescue. Peple 6.trapped(trap) under the ruins were safely dug ut and the injured 7.were(be) sincerely cared fr. Shelter, fd and fresh water were ffered t the survivrs. Vlunteers frm all walks f life did everything 8.in/within their pwer t help the twns and villages t revive. This disaster als attracted wrldwide attentin, thus 9.reducing(reduce) the lss t a minimum. With unified effrts f all, it didn't take lng befre this area began t 10.breathe(breath) again.
Step 1．单句写作(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子)
①一天夜里，一切都开始摇晃起来。强烈的地震发生了。
One night, everything began t shake. There came a strng earthquake.
②房屋倒塌，管道爆裂，电力中断。许多人受伤，有些人被埋在废墟下。
Huses cllapsed, with pipes bursting and electricity cut ff. Many peple gt injured and sme were buried under the ruins．
③大批人被困，充满绝望。
A large number f peple were trapped, full f despair.
④并非所有的希望都破灭了。不久，士兵和志愿者赶来救援。
Nt all hpe was lst. It wasn't lng befre sldiers and vlunteers came t the rescue．
⑤成千上万的人被救了出来。飞机、火车和卡车也运来了食品和饮用水。
Hundreds f thusands f peple were helped ut. Planes, trains and trucks als brught fd and drinking water．
⑥慢慢地，全城又恢复了生机。
Slwly, the city came back t life again.
Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)
One night, everything began t shake. Peple sn realized that there came a strng earthquake. Huses cllapsed, with pipes bursting and electricity cut ff. Many peple gt injured and sme were buried under the ruins. A large number f peple were trapped, full f despair. But nt all hpe was lst. It wasn't lng befre sldiers and vlunteers came t the rescue. Hundreds f thusands f peple were helped ut. Planes, trains and trucks als brught fd and drinking water. Slwly, the city came back t life again.
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
Step 2．续写练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段)
爱丽丝震惊地发现雨下得很大，水涨得很快。当她意识到自己被困在家里时，她的心一下子提到了嗓子眼。她感到极为不安，如坐针毡，消极的想法涌上心头。她能否在洪水中活下来仍不得而知。幸运的是，救援人员前来帮助她，给她带来了很大的希望。镇静立刻取代了心中不断增长的恐惧和焦虑。遭受了这么多的苦难，爱丽丝再也抑制不住自己的情绪，感激的泪水顺着脸颊不断滚落下来。
参考答案：
Alice was shcked t find that the rain was puring and the water was rising quickly. Her heart was in her muth when she realized that she gt trapped in her huse. She felt extremely uneasy as if sitting n pins and needles and negative thughts came flding in. Whether she culd survive the fld remained unknwn. Frtunately, rescue wrkers came t her aid, bringing her great hpe. A sense f calmness immediately replaced the grwing fear and anxiety in her mind. After s much suffering, Alice culd n lnger cntain her emtins and tears f gratitude kept trickling dwn her cheeks.
续写语料积累
背诵·句之美
欣赏·语之秀
1.(行为描写)(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Then Jeff nticed steam shting ut f the pt and the lid starting t shake.
2．(心理描写)(2022·浙江1月)I didn't want t give him the satisfactin f my chickening ut.
3．(人物描写)(2022·唐山市模拟)Sweet, quiet Jennifer, sandwiched between the thers, required almst nthing frm me.
(2022·新高考卷Ⅱ)When he saw a yung child hanging frm a sixth­flr apartment balcny(阳台), Henry ran ne hundred metres, jumped ver a 1.2­metre fence, and held ut his arms t catch the falling child.
核心单词
语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1．fld n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没
2．rescue n. & vt.营救；救援
3．damage vt.损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失
4．destry vt.摧毁；毁灭
5．shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
6．trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱
7．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给
8．slide vi.&vt.(使)滑行；滑动
9．wisdm n．智慧；才智
10．crash vt.&vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞
11．summary n．总结；概括；概要
12．effect n．影响；结果；效果
1．When we visited my ld family hme, memries came flding(fld) back.
2．Pregnant wmen wh are heavy drinkers risk damaging(damage) the unbrn babies.
3．The natural envirnment is very difficult t recver nce destryed(destry)．
4．Teenagers climbed dzens f flights f stairs t deliver water and fd t elderly peple trapped(trap) in pwerless high­rise buildings.
5．They spent the whle day trying t find smething t eat and smewhere t shelter(shelter) frm the freezing cld.
6．He cares abut pr families and ften supplies(supply) them with fd and clthing.
7．The survivrs wh are waiting t be rescued(rescue) are faced with a shrtage f drinking water, fd and medicine.
派生单词
语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1．erupt vi. & vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruptin n．爆发；喷发
2．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→affectin n．喜爱；钟爱；爱情
3．electric adj.用电的；电动的；带电的→electrical adj.电的；与电有关的→electricity n．电；电能
4．breath n．呼吸；气息→breathe vi. & vt.呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的；喘不过气来的
5．deliver vt. & vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→delivery n．传递；交付；递送
6．lng adj.长的；冗长的→length n．长；长度→lengthen v．加长；延长
1．Tm had a deep affectin fr his grandfather, s he was deeply affected by his grandfather's death.(affect)
2．The electricity there has gne ff because f an electrical fault. The electric pwer supply will be restred in several hurs.(electric)
3．I climbed up the muntain t breathe the fresh air. I became breathless when I was n the tp, but the breath f fresh air was wrth it.(breath)
4．Smke and ash frm the erupting vlcan immediately shwered dwn n the twn after the eruptin．(erupt)
5．The rad has a ttal length f tw miles nly, s the wrkers have decided t lengthen it.(lng)
6．If yu pay in advance, the gds will be delivered withut delay, and the delivery is free f charge.(deliver)
高频短语
语境运用(选用左栏短语的适当形式填空)
1．in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
2．in shck
震惊；吃惊
3．in the pen air
露天；在户外
4．n hand
现有(尤指帮助)
5．sweep away
消灭；彻底消除
1．He tk care f the spring every day, and swept away all the leaves and ther things that wuld make the water dirty.
2．At that time we used t sleep ut under the stars, and eat ur meals in the pen air．
3．This cuntry was nce prud f its educatin system but nw it seems t be in ruins．
4．I am abslutely in shck after hearing abut the accident that happened t ne f my friends.
5．Our team f experts will be n hand t ffer help and advice between 12 nn and 7 pm daily.
原句结构辨识
写作佳句背诵
1．结构
Chickens and even pigs were t nervus t eat, and dgs refused t g inside buildings.
尽管我很崇拜他，但他发明的这东西太令人难以置信了。
Thugh I admired him, what he invented was smething t impssible t believe．(续写之情感描写)
2.形容词后的不定式主动形式表达被动意义
Water, fd, and electricity were hard t get.
早晨的空气中弥漫着野花的芬芳，呼吸起来很清新。
The mrning air, full f the fragrance f flwers, was fresh t breathe．(续写之景物描写)
用于情感描写的词汇
用于动作描写的词汇
shck; calmness； suffering; fld
trap; survive; rescue; aid