译林版高考英语一轮复习必修第2册UNIT2 Be sporty，be healthy课时学案

这是一份译林版高考英语一轮复习必修第2册UNIT2 Be sporty，be healthy课时学案，共33页。

①He is nt such a fl as yu assumed him t be(be)．
②It is assumed(assume) that stress is caused by t much wrk．
③(普通表达)If yu are interested in it，please send an e­mail t 123456@sina．cm．
(高级表达)Assuming (that) yu are interested in it，please send an e­mail t 123456@sina．cm．(assume)
assume sb．/sth．t be．．．认为某人/某物是……
It's assumed that．．．人们认为……
assuming that．．．假设/假定……
assumptin n．假定，设想
n the assumptin that．．．假定……
assume this t be true 假定这是真的
assume an air f regret假装后悔的样子
①The dctrs in this hspital are tending t the wunded．
②(2021·全国乙卷)Even sccer fans tend t have(have) a seat each；gne are the days f thusands standing t watch the match．
如果我不听从妈妈的建议，她往往会生气。
③My mther will tend t get angry if I dn't fllw her advice．(tend)
④My mther will have a tendency t get angry if I dn't fllw her advice．(tendency)
tend t d sth．倾向于做某事；易于做某事
tend (t)．．．照看/护理……
tendency n．倾向，趋势
have a tendency t d sth．有做某事的倾向
tend t/twards the extremes趋于极端
have a tendency t shw ff爱炫耀
tend (t) her little garden照料她的小花园
tend t g t bed early every day通常每天早睡
①Prices f these tys range between $7 and $10，which is quite affrdable fr average families．
②There is a range f muntains in my hmetwn．
③If we are beynd range f the signal，ur phnes can't be used．
④(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Every time I read it，I am immersed in the interesting cntents，which cver a variety f tpics，ranging frm updated news t beneficial learning tips(从最新的信息到有益的学习窍门儿)．
in/within range f 在……范围内
beynd/ut f range f超出……的范围
a range f 一系列的
range frm．．．t．．．从……到……变化/不等
range between．．．and．．．在……与……之间变动
range the bks by size按书的大小排列
peple frm a diverse range f backgrunds 各种不同背景的人
patients whse ages ranged frm 13 t 25 years年龄在13到25岁之间的病人
①(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Lacking(lack) cking experience，the twins gt int truble feeling disappinted and helpless．
②Lack f exercise can lead t feelings f depressin and exhaustin．
他们缺乏与他人交流的能力，因此在比赛中失败了。
③They lacked (fr) the skill t cmmunicate with thers，s they failed in the cmpetitin．(lack v．)
④They failed in the cmpetitin fr lack f the skill t cmmunicate with thers．(lack n．)
lack sth．缺少某物
(a) lack f＋n．缺乏……
fr lack f＋n．因缺乏……
lacking adj．缺乏的；不足的
be lacking in (在抽象事物方面)缺乏
fr lack f evidence由于缺乏证据
due t lack f supprt由于缺乏支持
be lacking in cmmn sense缺乏常识
lack the skills required fr the jb缺乏这项工作所必备的技能
①I'm ging t replace my ld car with/by a new ne．
②The manager replaced Bb as chairman f the cmpany．
我们的班长将代替我们的班主任参加会议。
③Our mnitr will replace ur class adviser t attend the meeting．(replace)
④Our mnitr will take the place f ur class adviser t attend the meeting．(take the place f)
⑤Our mnitr will attend the meeting in place f ur class adviser．(in place f)
replace A with/by B 用B取代A
replace sb．as．．．取代某人成为……
take the place f sb．＝take sb．'s place 代替某人
in place f 代替
replacement n．代替，取代；更换；替代的人(物)
replace cal by/with gas用煤气代替煤
find a replacement fr him 找一个人代替他
replace me as galkeeper 代替我当守门员
replace peple in this wrk 在这项工作中代替人
①News came frm the schl ffice that Wang Lin had been admitted t/int Peking University．
②Yu have t admit the perfrmance t be (be) wnderful．
他承认违反了交通规则。
③He admitted t having brken the traffic rules．
④He admitted that he had brken the traffic rules．(宾语从句)
admit ding/having dne sth．供认做过某事
admit (t sb．) that．．．(向某人)承认……
admit sb．/sth．t be 承认某人/某物是……
admit sb．t/int．．．准许某人进入/加入……
admit having dne wrng 承认做错了
admit feeling a bit tired 承认有点累
①On average，there are 800 trnades in the US each year，causing abut 80 deaths and 1，500 injuries．
②Last year the number f students wh graduated with a driving license reached 200，000，an average f 40，000 per year．
There were 90 students getting full marks in the exam，③an average f 18 students(平均18个学生) in each class．Tm's was ④abve average(在平均水平之上) while Jhn's was ⑤belw average(在平均水平之下)．
an average f 平均(后跟数词)
the average f……的平均数
n average 平均来看
abve/belw average 在平均水平以上/以下
average sth． ut 算出……的平均数
an average f 25% a year年均25%
the average f age in ur cuntry我国年龄的平均数
average ut the yearly statistics计算出每年的平均数据
①Pay increases will nt always make up fr pr wrking cnditins．
②A gd dcumentary shuld be made up f many facts and infrmatin arund ne subject．
③The wrker made up his mind t make up fr the lst time(下定决心弥补失去的时间)．
④The student stepped aside t make way fr his teacher(给他的老师让路)．
make up 编造，杜撰；构成；整理
be made up f＝cnsist f＝be cmpsed f 由……组成/构成
make way fr 为……让路
make up ne's mind下定决心
make up fr what yu've suffered 补偿你所遭受的东西
make up stries t amuse his child 编故事逗他的孩子
make up the bed整理床铺
①Even if it is simply a walk in nature，it will d wnders(wnder) fr yur bnding．
②The children lked up in wnder at the big elephant．
③He is diligent．N wnder/It is n wnder (that)(难怪) he has been admitted t Peking University．
④(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)I am wndering whether/if it is cnvenient fr yu(你是否方便)．
N wnder (that)．．．＝It's n wnder (that) ．．．难怪……
in wnder 惊讶地
d wnders创造奇迹，产生神奇作用
wnder whether/if/when/why/hw．．．想知道是否/什么时候/为什么/怎么……
N wnder yu can't find anybdy here—they're all away at a meeting．难怪你找不到人，他们都开会去了。
①Thugh surprised(surprise) t see us，the prfessr gave us a warm welcme．
②I struggle fr wrds when asked(ask) a sudden questin．
③It sunds like smething is wrng with the car's engine．If s，we'd better take it t the garage immediately．
④(普通表达)Yu shuld stay where yu are，unless yu are asked t leave．
(高级表达)Yu shuld stay where yu are，unless asked t leave．(省略形式)
当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。
当状语从句中含有it＋be时，可将it和be省略。
掌握下列短语：if any如果有的话；if s如果是这样的话；if ever如果曾经有的话；if nt如果不这样的话。
Yu must keep these pints in mind while setting yur gals．
在设定目标时，你必须牢记这些要点。
①The ability t express(express) an idea is as imprtant as the idea itself．
②Beijing has becme the first city t hst(hst) bth Summer and Winter Olympic Games in China．
③(2020·浙江卷)We seized the glden chance t climb the ladder(登上梯子的良机)，thrugh which we gt int the helicpter．
当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或前面有the nly，the very等时，常用不定式作后置定语。
动词不定式用来修饰的多是抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，ambitin，attempt 等。
Jhn is the nly yung teacher t have been prmted t prfessr in yur university this year．约翰是今年你们大学唯一已经晋升为教授的年轻教师。
Ⅰ．用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．Assuming (assume) that there are n ther appraches，what shuld we d?
2．If yu are nt careful，children tend t neglect (neglect) their hmewrk．
3．I have a wide range f hbbies(hbby)，including reading，keeping diaries，playing balls with friends and s n．
4．A diet lacking(lack) nutritinal value will nt keep a persn healthy．
5．Up t nw，many factries have replaced (replace) mst f their wrkers with rbts．
6．Having been caught n the spt，the man had t admit having stlen (steal) mney frm the girl．
7．The Qinghai­Tibet Plateau is the wrld's highest plateau，averaging (average) ver 4，000 metres abve sea level．
8．He had his fingers cut while cleaning(clean) the windw．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．It was assumed that all humankind culd d was adapt t the rapidly changing cnditins．
2．Nwadays there is a grwing tendency fr peple t shp n the Internet．
3．It is imprtant fr students t make the mst f their different learning envirnments and acquire a wide range f knwledge．
4．As far as I'm cncerned，his receptin f us is lacking in warmth．
5．It is generally believed that teachers will never be replaced by/with cmputers in class．
6．He was admitted t/int Harvard University，which was just what his parents expected．
Ⅰ．用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．The situatin in that cuntry shuld be prevented(prevent) frm becming wrse．
2．Equipped(equip) with arms，the sldiers determined t fight against the terrrists．
3．We were prevented frm attending(attend) Prfessr Li's lecture by the heavy rain．
4．It was annunced(annunce) that ur team tk first place．
5．Mst f the students in ur class were inspired t behave(behave) better by his speech．
6．Please d nt hesitate t cntact (cntact) me if yu have any questin．
Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．He made up his mind that he wuldn't d her an injury．
2．It can be easily prved that nthing is mre precius than time．
3．It is a great satisfactin t knw the firefighter's safety has been ensured．
4．They suggested that the building shuld be named after him．
5．Please annunce t students that the hlidays will begin next Mnday．
6．Hw did the universe first cme int existence?
Ⅰ．熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2022·浙江1月卷)The wrld wn't cme t an end in mst cases just because yu left a few things undne．Celebrate prgress and keep refining (改进) tward a happy prductive existence．A
A．生活方式
B．存在
C．实有
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds surrunding the muntain tps，he was reduced t tears．C
A．减少
B．缩小
C．使……陷入某种状态中
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)In any given ffice，emplyees can range frm age 22 t 70 and beynd，and finding cmmn grund in cmmunicatin style can be a challenge．A
A．(在一定的范围内)变化，变动
B．(变动或浮动的)范围
C．区间
Ⅱ．长难语句(分析句子的结构并翻译成汉语)
1．(2022·浙江1月卷)She als admitted that a relatively small number f wmen were studied，all f whm were frm Sweden，s the results might nt be applicable t ther grups．
本句中that引导宾语从句，all f whm were frm Sweden为非限制性定语从句，s连接表示因果关系的并列句。
[尝试翻译]她还承认，研究的女性对象相对较少，而且都来自瑞典，因此研究结果可能不适用于其他群体。
2．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)Everyne can play a part in reducing waste，whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn't eat．
本句中whether．．． r．．．连接两个by引导的介词短语，yu wn't eat为省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词the side dish。
[尝试翻译]每个人都可以在减少浪费中发挥作用，无论是通过在你每周的购物中不购买超过自身需求的食物，还是通过要求餐馆不要提供你不吃的配菜。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
It 1．is assumed (assume) that wrkut des wnders fr peple's immune systems．When chsing activities，yu must cnsider first 2．what yu expect t imprve．Fr example，3．practising(practise) tai chi helps t stretch yur muscles and maintain physical balance and mental peace．Thus，dn't hesitate 4．t stick(stick) with it．Inspired by a fight between a bird and a snake，Zhang Sanfeng invented tai chi thrugh 5．imitating(imitate)，which is a lng histry f Chinese martial arts．Tai chi is 6．deeply(deep) rted in the Chinese philsphy f yin and yang 7．which cannt exist independent f the ther．T exercise，yu must wear prper clthes and equipment t avid 8．injury(injure)．What's mre，eat right fd at right time．Drink t make up 9．fr water lst t sweat．Over the lng term，yu will find，t yur satisfactin，exercising will bring abut great 10．benefits(benefit) t yu．
Step 1．写作要点(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子)
①汤姆不小心打破了布莱克太太的窗户，但他犹豫应不应该承认这件事。
Tm brke Mrs．Black's windw by accident，but he hesitated whether he shuld admit it r nt．
②他和他最好的朋友吉姆谈了这件事。吉姆的话激发了他的勇气。
He talked abut it with his best friend Jim，whse wrds inspired him with curage．
③使他感到欣慰的是，布莱克太太欣然地原谅了他。
T his satisfactin，Mrs．Black frgave him happily．
④汤姆认为诚实应该永远被根植于他的脑海中。
Tm thught that hnesty shuld be rted in his mind frever．
Step 2．衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)
Tm brke Mrs．Black's windw by accident，but he hesitated whether he shuld admit it r nt．He talked abut it with his best friend Jim，whse wrds inspired him with curage．T his satisfactin，Mrs．Black frgave him happily．Therefre，Tm thught that hnesty shuld be rted in his mind frever．
Step 1．储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
Step 2．尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段)
一只在附近湖边玩耍的年轻公熊嗅到了我们的蒜蓉面包的味道，然后他靠着他的嗅觉来到了我们的地方。他太饿了，似乎马上就会把我们吞下去。我们该怎么办呢？突然，我想到了一个好主意。我打算用面包来阻止他的攻击。我把面包尽可能地扔向远处。它确实起作用了。熊毫不犹豫地朝面包方向跑去。应我们的要求，直升机很快就到了。我们心满意足地爬了进去。这真是一次可怕而宝贵的经历。
A yung male bear wh was playing in a nearby lake sniffed the smell f ur garlic bread，then he fllwed his nse t ur psitin．He was s hungry that it seemed that he wuld swallw us in a minute．What culd we d? Suddenly，a gd idea ccurred t me．I intended t use the bread t prevent his attack．I threw the bread as far as I culd．It did wrk．The bear didn't hesitate t run t the bread．In respnse t ur request，the helicpter sn arrived．We climbed int it with satisfactin．It was really a hrrible and precius experience．
课时分层作业(十一)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
eq \a\vs4\al(A) eq \a\vs4\al(篇) eq \a\vs4\al(（限时6分钟）)
(2022·合肥市教学质量检测)
An 89­year­ld man，Manfred Steiner，has reached a gal he spent 20 years wrking tward and nearly a lifetime thinking abut：earning his Ph．D．And nw he is a physicist．
Steiner values this degree because it is what he always wanted and because he vercame health prblems that culd have affected his studies．“But I made it ，and this was the mst satisfactry pint in my life，”he said．
When he was yung，Steiner wanted t becme a physicist after reading abut Albert Einstein．But his mther and uncle persuaded him that studying medicine wuld be a better chice．He earned his medical degree in 1955 and mved t the US sn after．
Steiner studied hematlgy (血液学) at Tufts University and bichemistry at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy．He became a full prfessr and led the hematlgy sectin f the medical schl at Brwn University frm 1985 t 1994．Steiner helped establish a research prgram in hematlgy at the University f Nrth Carlina．He directed that prgram until he retired frm medicine in 2000．
Steiner fund medical research pleasing，but it was nt quite the same as his interest in physics．“It was smething like a wish that was never fulfilled，and that always stuck in the back f my head，”he said．At age 70，he started taking undergraduate classes．
Physics prfessr Brad Marstn was surprised when Steiner entered his quantum mechanics class．But he became Steiner's adviser fr his dissertatin (学位论文) after realizing hw serius Steiner was abut the subject and hw hard he wrked．“He has written many papers in medical science，mre papers than I've written in physics，”Marstn said．“One thing that's really true abut Manfred is that he perseveres．”
After the university published a stry abut Steiner n its website，peple acrss the US cntacted him t ask fr advice n hw t g after their dreams later in life．His advice is：D what yu lve t d．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。虽然Steiner在血液学领域成就斐然，但是他的梦想是做一名物理学家。他在70岁时学习本科课程，终于在89岁时获得物理学博士学位。他因此成了当地追求梦想者的榜样。
1．Why did Steiner value his degree in physics?
A．Because it slved his health prblems．
B．Because it was his lng­pursued dream．
C．Because it met his mther's expectatin．
D．Because it was inspired by Albert Einstein．
B [细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“Steiner values this．．．he always wanted”可知，Steiner重视他的物理学博士学位是因为这是他长期追求的梦想。]
2．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．Steiner's cntributins t teaching．
B．Steiner's researches after retirement．
C．Steiner's achievements in hematlgy．
D．Steiner's perfrmances at Tufts University．
C [段落大意题。通读第四段可知，Steiner 在塔夫茨大学学习血液学，1985年至1994年成为布朗大学的医学院的正教授并领导血液科；Steiner帮助北卡罗来纳大学建立了血液学研究项目，他指导这个项目直到2000年退休。据此可知，第四段介绍了Steiner在血液学领域的成就。]
3．What impressed Prfessr Marstn mst abut Steiner?
A．His taking undergraduate classes at 70．
B．His writing mre papers in physics．
C．His sticking t becming a physicist．
D．His being a rle mdel fr Americans．
C [细节理解题。根据第六段内容尤其是“He has written．．．he perseveres．”可知，给物理学教授Brad Marstn留下最深刻印象的是他坚持不懈地要成为物理学家。]
eq \a\vs4\al(B) eq \a\vs4\al(篇) eq \a\vs4\al(（限时7分钟）)
(2022·重庆名校联盟第一次联考)
Evidence f a wrm­like creature abut the size f a grain f rice has been uncvered in Suth Australia，and researchers believe it is the ldest ancestr n the family tree that includes humans and mst animals．The creature lived abut 535 millin years ag．It is cnsidered t be an evlutinary step frward fr early life n the Earth．
Researchers have been trying t find evidence f the cmmn ancestr f mst animals．Develping its bdy structure and rganizatin successfully allwed life t mve in specific，purpseful directins．This includes everything frm wrms and dinsaurs t amphibians (两栖动物) and humans．But fr ur cmmn ancestr，they knew that fssils (化石) f the tiny，simple creatures they imagined wuld be nearly impssible t find because f its size and sft bdy．Then，they turned t fssilized burrws，dating back t the Ediacaran Perid，fund in Suth Australia．
Fr 15 years，scientists knew the burrws were created by the creature．There was n evidence f what made the burrws and lived in them until researchers decided t take a clser lk at the burrws．Gelgy prfessr Mary Drser sptted impressins shaped like vals near the burrws．
A 3­D laser scan revealed the impressins cntaining evidence f a bdy shaped and sized like a rice grain，with a nticeable head and tail which suggested it had muscles．The muscles wuld have enabled the creature t mve and create the burrws，like the way a wrm mves．And the size f the creature matched with the size f the burrws they fund．
The researchers invlved in the study named the creature Ikaria waritia．The first name translates as “meeting place” in the Adnyamathanha language．Adnyamathanha is the name f Australian peple that live in the area where the fssil was fund．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。人类来自哪里，动物又是从哪里起源的？本文讲述了科学家在南澳大利亚的一个洞穴里找到了潜在的答案。他们发现一种米粒大小的蠕虫状生物可能是包括人类和大多数动物在内的族谱中最古老的祖先。
4．What des the underlined wrd “It” mean in the first paragraph?
A．A wrm­like creature．B．A grain f rice．
C．A family tree．D．An evlutinary step．
A [词义猜测题。根据第一段前两句可知，人类找到了可能是包括人类和大多数动物在内的族谱中最古老的祖先——一种米粒大小的蠕虫状生物。由此可知，画线词所在句应表示这种蠕虫状生物被认为是地球上早期生命进化的一步。故选A项。]
5．What did the researchers d during the study?
A．They develped the creature in the expected way．
B．They studied a large number f wrms and dinsaurs．
C．They bserved the burrws clse up．
D．They went back t the Ediacaran Perid sme years ag．
A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Develping its bdy．．．purpseful directins．”可知，研究人员通过培育它的身体结构和组织成功地让生命朝着特定的、有目的的方向发展。故研究人员在研究期间以预期的方式使这种生物进化。故选A项。]
6．What inspired the scientists t explre the rigins f the burrws?
A．A 3­D laser scan．B．The impressins．
C．Sme gd vals．D．Mre burrws．
B [细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句和第三段内容可知，早在15年前，科学家们就知道这些洞穴是这种生物创造的。但是一直找不到证据。Mary Drser在洞穴附近发现了椭圆形的印痕，所以是椭圆形的印痕的发现激励了科学家们探索洞穴的起源。故选B项。]
7．What des the text mainly tell us?
A．The researchers wrked very hard in the burrws．
B．The wrm­like creature may be mst animals' ancestr．
C．It is very difficult t name a new kind f creature．
D．Australian peple like fssils f many creatures．
B [主旨大意题。第一段讲蠕虫状生物可能是人类和大多数动物最古老的祖先这一发现；第二段讲人类一直在努力寻找大多数动物的共同祖先的证据；第三段讲15年来人类在寻找动物的祖先方面所做的努力；第四段讲这一发现所使用的高科技手段和研究过程。故本文主要讲述了蠕虫状生物可能是大多数动物的祖先。故选B项。]
eq \a\vs4\al(C) eq \a\vs4\al(篇) eq \a\vs4\al(（限时7分钟）)
(2022·武汉市高中毕业生调研考试)
Research has previusly shwn that years' living alne can have harmful effects n a persn's health，and a new study published Mnday shws that at least ne f thse impacts may be particularly bad fr men．
The study lked at bld samples f 4，835 participants frm the Cpenhagen Aging and Midlife Bibank t examine levels f inflammatin (炎症)．“We have fund a significant assciatin between partnership breakups r years' living alne and inflammatin fr men nly，after adjustment fr selected cnfunders，”said Dr．Karlina Davidsen，research assciate in the Department f Public Health at University f Cpenhagen and publishing authr f the study．“In wmen，we find n such effect．” The study，published in the jurnal BMJ，lked at bth years' living alne and numbers f breakups because the end f significant relatinships is ften fllwed by years' living alne，the researchers wrte．
“This study strengthens the link experts have seen between the nervus system and inflammatin，which is a significant cntributr t heart disease”，said Dr．Peter Libby，a cardivascular (心血管的) medicine specialist at Brigham and Wmen's Hspital，wh was nt invlved in the study．“There is increasing understanding f fundamental links between psychlgical stress and physical health related t inflammatin，” Libby said．
Dr．Davidsen said that while wmen didn't reprt this finding，ne reasn fr this culd be the fact that there were fewer wmen in the study than men．
The levels f inflammatin in the participants might als have lked different if they were measured at mre advanced ages，Davidsen added．The average age f thse studied was 54.5 years ld，and it is pssible that the impacts f the breakups and years' living alne wuld have cntinued as the participants aged，she said．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇研究报道。研究人员发现离异或长期独居对男性健康有极大的影响，该影响可能会随着年龄的增长而持续。
8．What element is lked at in the study?
A．Bld types．B．Scial status．
C．Cultural backgrund．D．Perids f living alne．
D [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The study，published．．．years' living alne and numbers f breakups”可知，该研究考察了独居的年限和离异的次数，故D项正确。]
9．Why d wmen shw n significant effects accrding t Davidsen?
A．Wmen handle lneliness better．
B．Fewer wmen are surveyed．
C．Wmen differ frm men physically．
D．Wmen care mre abut themselves．
B [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ne reasn fr this．．．fewer wmen in the study than men”可知，由于女性的研究样本较少，所以研究人员未发现独居对女性有这样的影响，故B项正确。]
10．What can we learn frm the study?
A．The researchers invlved are male．
B．The result has caused lts f arguments．
C．The impacts will cntinue as peple age．
D．The impacts decline when peple grw ld．
C [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“it is pssible that the impacts f．．．the participants aged”可知，随着年龄的增长，离异或独居对男性健康的影响仍会持续，故C项正确。]
11．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Living Alne: a Cause f Inflammatin
B．Living Alne: a Great Threat t Men's Health
C．Inflammatin: a Cntributr t Heart Disease
D．Inflammatin: a Factr in Health Imprvement
B [标题归纳题。本文是一篇研究报道，此类文章的主旨要义一般为研究结果。根据第一段中的“years' living alne．．．bad fr men”可知，本文主要讲述了独居对男性健康有很大的危害，故B项适合作本文的标题。]
Ⅱ．完形填空 eq \a\vs4\al(（限时12分钟）)
(2022·青岛市高中教学质量检测)
She is ver a century ld，but she hasn't let that stp her frm wrking．At 102，Rmay Davis 1 drives herself t the grcery stre each day fr 2 ．
Nw，during Black Histry Mnth，Davis is being hnred fr her 3 with a grant (拨款) named after her．Thrugh the Rmay Davis Grant Prgram，charities will receive 4 in the fight fr racial equality and scial 5 ．Davis is 6 f the grant in her name as she is a pineer herself．She served in the first all­Black Wmen's Army Crps 7 verseas．Then she started her 8 in fashin as a designer in mdeling in New Yrk and did the jb fr 30 years．Thrughut her life，she's als 9 ther milestnes including a master's degree，a black belt in Taekwnd (跆拳道) and mre．She 10 fr the first time in 1982．After her husband died in 2001，she 11 t g back t wrk and was 12 by the grcery stre in Winn­Dixie in 2001 at the age f 82．In 2019，Rmay 13 her 100th birthday．“As we celebrate Ms．Rmay's birthday，we are all mved by her life­lng 14 and strng wrk ethic (职业道德准则)，which 15 thers t be their best，” said Anthny Hucker，CEO f Winn­Dixie，Sutheastern Grcers．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要记述了一位102岁的老太太奉献的一生。她一生中做过慈善事业，服过兵役，学过跆拳道并获得黑带。退休几年后又重新到杂货店上班。她奉献的一生和职业道德准则不断地激励着他人。
1．A．ften B．still
C．skillfullyD．yet
B [考查语境推断。此处是Rmay Davis 102岁了，仍能自己开车。故选B。]
2．A．wrkB．shpping
C．pleasureD．fun
A [考查语境推断。根据上句中的“she hasn't let that stp her frm wrking”可知，此处是她每天开车去上班。故选A。]
3．A．jbsB．ages
C．stresD．cntributins
D [考查语境推断。此处是她因自己的贡献而受到表彰，并被给予一项以她的名字命名的拨款。故选D。]
4．A．criticismB．supprt
C．benefitD．infrmatin
B [考查语境推断。此处是慈善机构将在争取种族平等和社会正义的斗争中得到支持。A项“批判”；C项“益处”。故选B。]
5．A．justiceB．skill
C．lifeD．develpment
A [考查语境推断。参见上题解析。故选A。]
6．A．fndB．aware
C．wrthyD．sure
C [考查语境推断。根据空后的“as she is a pineer herself”可知，她是配得上以她的名字命名的拨款的，因为她自己就是一个斗争的先锋。be fnd f“喜爱”；be aware f“意识到”；be wrthy f“值得……的”。故选C。]
7．A．requiredB．rted
C．rganizedD．statined
D [考查语境推断。根据空后的“verseas”可知，此处是说她在海外基地服过兵役。B项“(使)生根”；D项“派驻，使驻扎”。故选D。]
8．A．styleB．career
C．studyD．adventure
B [考查语境推断。根据空后的“in mdeling”可知，此处是说她在纽约的模特时装设计工作了30年。故选B。]
9．A．missedB．fund
C．plannedD．achieved
D [考查语境推断。根据空后的“ther milestnes including a master's degree”可知，此处是她取得的成就。milestne“里程碑”。故选D。]
10．A．fughtB．pursued
C．retiredD．failed
C [考查语境推断。根据下句中的“g back t wrk”可知，此处是她在1982年第一次退休了。故选C。]
11．A．refusedB．feared
C．mentinedD．decided
D [考查语境推断。在她丈夫去世后，她决定重新上班。C项“提到”。故选D。]
12．A．hiredB．met
C．paidD．ffered
A [考查语境推断。根据空前的“g back t wrk”可知，此处是她被一家杂货店雇用。故选A。]
13．A．celebratedB．passed
C．interviewedD．emplyed
A [考查语境和常识推断。根据空后的“birthday”和常识可知，此处是庆祝她的100岁生日。故选A。]
14．A．sympathyB．independence
C．devtinD．dream
C [考查语境推断。根据全文及空后的“职业道德准则”可知，此处是我们被她的终身奉献和职业道德准则感动。A项“同情”；B项“独立”；C项“奉献，忠诚”。故选C。]
15．A．remindsB．inspires
C．advisesD．leads
B [考查语境推断。此处指她终身的奉献和职业道德准则，激励着他人努力去做最好的自己。故选B。]
Ⅲ．应用文写作 eq \a\vs4\al(（限时13分钟）)
(2022·福建三明重点高中联考)
假定你是李华，你校阳光志愿者俱乐部(Sunshine Vlunteer Club)正在招收新成员，交换生Terry有意加入，来信向你咨询相关情况，请你给他写一封回信，内容如下：
1．介绍俱乐部活动；
2．告知申请方式；
3．表达期望。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。





[参考范文]
Dear Terry，
Glad t knw yu desire t be a vlunteer f the Sunshine Vlunteer Club．As a member，I d think it is wrthwhile t be engaged in vlunteering．I'm writing t share with yu the details abut it．
A wide range f regular activities is scheduled n a weekly basis，such as visiting the nursing hme and rganizing events t raise peple's awareness f envirnmental prtectin．Last weekend we cllected bks fr the children in remte areas wh have little access t them．We make great effrts t spread warmth and care and it des pay ff．
Once yu decide，please fill in the attached applicatin frm and send it t me． Eagerly lking frward t yur participatin．
Yurs，
Li Hua
课时分层作业(十二)
Ⅰ．阅读理解(限时7分钟)
(2022·石家庄市高中毕业班诊断性联考)
Scientists in Australia have discvered that they can use the wrld's smelliest fruits t make devices that culd pwer electric cars．A durian(榴莲) is a fruit that lks like a pineapple．It is a delicacy(佳肴) in sme Asian cuntries，but its smell is s unpleasant that sme f thse cuntries have banned it frm public places．Its smell has been cmpared t rtten eggs and even smelly ld gym scks．
Vincent Gmes and his clleagues at The University f Sydney，in Australia，used durians and jackfruits—anther fruit knwn fr its terrible smell—t make energy­string devices called supercapacitrs．
Supercapacitrs are an alternative t batteries．They can't stre as much energy as a nrmal battery des，but they are much quicker t recharge．Durians and jackfruits cntain sme f the chemicals used in supercapacitrs，which gave Gmes the idea．T make the fruit­based devices，the team heated and then freeze­dried the uneatable cres f the durian and the jackfruit t make a special kind f material called an aergel．
Aergels are ne f the wrld's lightest slid materials．Often called “frzen smke”，they are made by remving the liquid frm a gel (胶状物) and replacing it with air．They have many scientific uses，and ne f their special prperties is the ability t cnduct electric currents，which makes them an imprtant part f supercapacitrs．The aergels made frm durians and jackfruits bth wrked well when placed inside a supercapacitr，althugh the durian aergel was fund t be the better f the tw．
The discvery is imprtant because the materials currently used t make supercapacitrs are expensive．Using natural fds like durians and jackfruits，Gmes says，culd reduce envirnmental pllutin as well as csts．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。本文讲述了澳大利亚的科学家用榴莲和菠萝蜜制造出了存储能量的设备——超级电容器。
1．What makes sme cuntries have different attitudes twards the durian?
A．Its smell．B．Its appearance．
C．Its value．D．Its ppularity．
A [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It is a delicacy．．．frm public places．”可知，榴莲的气味使得一些国家对它的态度不同，故A项正确。]
2．Which paragraph mentins Gmes's inspiratin f the innvatin?
A．Paragraph 1．B．Paragraph 2．
C．Paragraph 3．D．Paragraph 4．
C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Durians and jackfruits cntain．．．which gave Gmes the idea．”可知，第三段讲到了Gmes进行创新的灵感来源，故C项正确。]
3．What des the underlined wrd “them” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A．Aergels．B．Scientific uses．
C．Prperties．D．Electric currents．
A [代词指代题。根据该词后面的“an imprtant part f supercapacitrs”可以推断，them指的是一种材料，再结合语境判断，此处提到的材料为本段主要说的“aergels”，故A项正确。]
4．What can we learn abut fruit­based supercapacitrs?
A．They are devices fr prducing electricity．
B．They are chemicals frm durians．
C．They are green and ecnmical．
D．They are light and liquid．
C [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Using natural fds．．．culd reduce envirnmental pllutin as well as csts．”可以推断，由水果制作而成的超级电容器既环保又能降低成本，故C项正确。]
Ⅱ．阅读七选五(限时7分钟)
(2022·湖南省六校联考)
Adding activities t yur rutine is a key cntributr t health and happiness．With yur summer wrkut rutine in mind，we have a few tips t help yu keep fit．
Bsting pwer
1 ， yu want t stimulate new muscle grwth thrugh resistance and endurance training．Hw effectively yu repair and build muscle depends n the use f prtein in yur bdy． 2 ．It can be btained by cnsuming prtein­rich whlefds like lean meats，eggs，fish and vegetables．
3
Can yu push harder，run faster，reach farther and deeper? Fuelling smartly befre a wrkut with cmplex carbhydrates (碳水化合物) fr sustained energy release can give yu an edge t push yurself t d an extra wrkut．Whle grains like brwn rice are als packed with cmplex carbhydrates fr sustained energy release while being lw in calries．Omega­3 fatty acids are an ften verlked supplement that can help t enhance yur perfrmance． 4 ，but their special effects help t reduce muscle sreness after a wrkut，as well．
Making the best f hydratin(水合作用)
One f the drivers f athletic perfrmance is maintaining the balance f fluid and electrlytes (电解质) in ur bdies．Bdy fluids are essential fr remving waste，maintaining prper neural and muscle functin，regulating bdy temperature，delivering fuel and taking the brunt f shck absrptin while smthing ur jints． 5 ．They keep neurns firing and muscles cntracting．
A．Enhancing perfrmance
B．Maintaining temperature
C．Electrlytes are minerals，like Na，Mg and Ca
D．When trying t bst yur pwer r strength in the gym
E．While cnsuming certain kinds f electrlytes in a sprt
F．Nt nly d these heart­healthy fats prtect ur hearts
G．Make sure yur muscles have access t the prtein they need
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了锻炼有助于保持身体健康，在夏天常规锻炼的基础上，一些有用的建议可以帮助你更有效地进行锻炼，从而达到更好的效果。
1．D [本段的小标题为Bsting pwer，选项D中的“bst yur pwer r strength”恰好与之呼应，且分析句子结构可知，此处需要填入一个从句。故选D。]
2．G [根据空后的“It can be btained by cnsuming prtein­rich whlefds”可知，It应指代上文提到的事物，此种物质可以通过食用含蛋白质丰富的食物获得，这与选项G中的“have access t the prtein”相呼应。故选G。]
3．A [空处是小标题，为本段主旨句。本段主要叙述的内容为如何提高运动成绩，段首句中的“push harder，run faster，reach farther and deeper”也是提示。故选A。]
4．F [分析空后的内容可知，空处与空后内容为递进关系。根据空前的“Omega­3 fatty acids”可知，空处应该会讲到这种物质对身体的好处，且选项F中的“Nt nly”与空后的“but”构成了固定句型。]
5．C [本段段首提及“maintaining the balance f fluid and electrlytes”，空前已经提到与bdy fluids相关的内容，此处应该会提及与electrlytes相关的内容，且根据空后的“They keep neurns firing and muscles cntracting．”可知，They应指代electrlytes，故选C。]
Ⅲ．语法填空(限时6分钟)
(2022·广东省七校第一次联考)
The giant panda is an endangered species，threatened by cntinued habitat lss and by a very lw birthrate bth in the wild and in captivity (圈养)．Its range is 1． (current) restricted t a small prtin n the western edge f its histrical range．
In 2006，scientists reprted that 2． number f pandas living in the wild may have been underestimated at abut 1，000．Previus ppulatin surveys had used cnventinal methds 3． (estimate) the size f the wild panda ppulatin，but using a new methd 4． analyses DNA frm panda drppings，scientists believe the wild ppulatin may be as large as 3，000．Althugh the species is still endangered，the cnservatin effrts 5． (think) t be wrking．In 2006，there were 40 panda reserves in China，6． (cmpare) t just 13 reserves tw decades ag．In the same year，7． (it) habitats in Sichuan Prvince gained a UNESCO Wrld Heritage Site status．
In 2012，Earthwatch，a 8． (glbe) nn­prfit rganizatin which teams vlunteers with scientists t cnduct imprtant envirnmental research，9． (launch) a prgram based in the Wlng Natinal Nature Reserve．This prgram allws vlunteers t wrk up clse with pandas cared 10． in captivity，and help them adapt t life in the wild．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了近年来科学家和社会为保护大熊猫所做的努力及成果。
1．currently [考查副词。此处修饰谓语动词restricted，需要用副词，所以空处应填currently。]
2．the [考查冠词。结合语境“生活在野外的大熊猫的数量”可知，空处需要用到定冠词the。the number f “……的数量”。]
3．t estimate [考查非谓语动词。此处表目的，应用不定式，所以空处填t estimate。]
4．that/which [考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个定语从句，先行词为表示物的名词methd，该空指代先行词并在从句中作主语，所以空处应填that/which。]
5．are thught [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，think在本句中作谓语。结合语境可知，时态需要用到一般现在时；“the cnservatin effrts”和“think”两者之间为被动关系；主语effrts为复数，所以空处填are thught。]
6．cmpared [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句为there be句型，cmpare在句中作非谓语，与主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以空处填cmpared。]
7．its [考查代词。此处修饰后面的名词，需要用到形容词性物主代词，所以空处填its。]
8．glbal [考查形容词。此处修饰后面的nn­prfit rganizatin，需要用形容词，所以空处填glbal。]
9．launched [考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，launch作本句的谓语，再结合时间状语In 2012可知，本句时态应为一般过去时；又因为launch与主语为主谓关系，所以空处填launched。]
10．fr [考查介词。此处考查固定搭配care fr，意为“照顾”，因此空处需要填fr。此处cared fr in captivity作后置定语，修饰前面的名词pandas。]
Ⅳ．读后续写(限时25分钟)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2022·潍坊市上学期考试)
There was an elderly lady standing in the bne­chilling cld utside the back f the supermarket．She was hlding a basket with bunches f flwers．
“Wuld yu like the flwers? They are $3，”she asked me as I was walking past．I plitely respnded “N，thank yu．” as I walked away and went inside the supermarket．
I was walking arund the supermarket searching fr the thing that I was needing t buy and thinking f that lady，standing in the cld hlding her basket f flwers．Visualizing the beautiful flwers I had admired，her plite quiet vice and lnely figure，I wndered abut her unknwn stry f standing in the cld with her basket．Maybe her family was in urgent need f mney; maybe she was a lne sul t earn a living with her wn hands．．．
I had my wn persnal struggles．I had t budget fr everything and I appreciated that $3 was a lt fr me，like many f us all and prbably fr her t．But it wasn't my first thught when she had asked me abut buying her flwers．My first thught was that I didn't have the cash but this culdn't be used as an excuse fr nt buying thse flwers．I had nt carried cash with me fr a few years and I thught many f us did the same．
When I went t the register t pay with my card asked fr $3 cash ut．The staff member questined me abut the $3．I felt anxius abut it quickly and tried t remember the mney I had in my accunt．And at the same time she pressed the buttn t prcess it．I had mentined that I wanted t buy flwers frm the lady wh was selling them utside．A sigh f relief，I was glad t see it all had been accepted by the machine and that the staff member handed me the $3．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
I walked away and arund the crner f the supermarket t the lady．

After giving her $3，I was surprised when she handed me the change．


【写作思路】
文章大意：作者在超市的后面遇见了一位年长的卖花女士，作者为了能买花，特意兑换零钱。
谋篇布局：由文章内容和续写第一段的开头提示可知，作者兑换零钱后朝卖花女士走去，所以后面可以描写当卖花女士看到作者时的反应。结合续写第二段的开头提示可知，作者给卖花女士三美元买花后，女士给作者找了零钱，接下来可写作者的做法及作者对这次经历的感悟等。
注意事项：考生在写作的过程中注意结合提供的已知信息升华主题，即从这个故事中我们可以学到什么。
[参考范文]
I walked away and arund the crner f the supermarket t the lady．She was standing there，trembling in the cld．N sner had she nticed my apprach than her weather­beaten face lit up．I said shyly，“Hi，srry．I didn't have the cash n me．Yes，I wuld like t buy sme f yur flwers．” On hearing that，she instantly put the basket f flwers in frnt f me，wearing a big and warm smile．The flwers were in full blm，dancing in the wind．I chse the bunch f flwers I had first sighted．
After giving her $3，I was surprised when she handed me the change．I culdn't help but ask the price f the flwers．“$3 fr all！” she explained．Withut hesitatin，I tld her t keep the change．She tk the mney with shaking hands，tears welling up in her eyes．As I walked away，I hped smene else culd walk up t her and buy the rest flwers．We are all ging thrugh ur wn struggles but n matter hw little we can d，it will make a difference．
续写语料积累
背诵·句之美
欣赏·语之秀
1．(行为描写)(2021·天津卷)In particular，I threw myself int the wrld f musicals．
2．(心理描写)(2020·浙江卷)Heart in muth，I reached the fence and lked ver．
3．(景物描写)(2022·全国乙卷)When the sun slipped behind the muntains，it shed a rsy glw all arund them．
(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)The twins were filled with excitement as they thught f the surprise they were planning fr Mther's Day．Hw pleased and prud Mther wuld be when they brught her breakfast in bed．
核心单词·语境运用小检测
1．He sweated(sweat) like a bar when I caught him．
2．After climbing the muntain，I ached(ache) all ver．
3．After that heavy lunch I think we need t stretch(stretch) ur legs．
4．If yu dn't master yur anger，yur anger will master(master) yu．
5．He has a number f interests，ranging(range) frm playing chess t swimming．
6．We recgnized the pssibility and tk steps t prevent(prevent) it happening．
7．Despite very severe weather，the search was maintained(maintain) fr seven days．
8．If there is a set f rws t be updated(update)，sme may be successful and sme may fail．
9．I regret t infrm yu that yur brther is just the ne we'll get smene t replace(replace)．
10．Building mre mtrways will help the envirnment by reducing(reduce) pllutin and traffic jams in twns and cities．
派生单词·语境运用小检测
1．The headmaster wrte a letter t cngratulate her n her gd perfrmance and the exciting cngratulatins encuraged her greatly．(cngratulate)
2．Our schl ffers gd equipment and yu will be well equipped with knwledge and skills fr yur future jb．(equip)
3．T the satisfactin f the bss，his secretary gave him a satisfying/satisfactry explanatin．(satisfy)
4．The existence f mvement implies a bdy which is being mved and a frce which is mving it．(mve)
5．Part f the slutin t the grwing prblem f child injury is t strengthen the care that injured children receive．(injure)
6．There was n special annuncement．Annuncer Paul Parks just said，“Here is the news in Special English．” (annunce)
7．The true meaning f life is nt that hw many times yu have breathed，but thse mments yu are breathless．(breathe)
8．Calling and receiving are bth existing facts，they bth have their legal and ratinal reasns f existence．(exist)
9．Nature is the biggest inspiratin．I'm always inspired by things f beauty and harmny．(inspire)
10．“We're at a pint in histry where everyne can be an explrer，” Dug McCuistin，directr f Nasa's Mars Explratin Prgram，said．(explre)
高频短语·语境运用小检测
in respnse t，n wnder，be rted in，make up fr，d wnders，stick with，put the finishing tuches t，play a rle in，keep up
1．If the tl wrks well，then stick with it．
2．Wrk harder t make up fr the time wasted in the past．
3．The prduct was develped in respnse t custmer demand．
4．Eight glasses f water per day can d wnders fr yur health．
5．The Internet plays a rle in maintaining lng­distance relatinships．
6．Dad has been wrking fr three hurs．N wnder he lks s tired．
7．Tai chi is said t be rted in the Chinese philsphy f yin and yang．
8．I still need t put the finishing tuches t my reprt，but I can d that n Mnday mrning．
9．Yu shuld keep up yur spirits．Cntinue studying hard and yu'll d well in the next exam．
重点句式·语境运用小检测
1．事实上，可以证明他所说的不是真的。(It＋be＋过去分词＋that．．．)
Actually，it can be prven that what he has said is nt true．
2．他往往是第一个到办公室，最后一个离开的员工，我认为这就是他这么快得到晋升的原因。(the＋序数词＋n．＋t d．．．)
He is always the first staff t get t the ffice and the last t leave，which I think is why he is prmted s quickly．
3．当她在街上走着的时候，看见一位过去教过她的老师。(状语从句的省略)
When walking in the street，she sptted ne f the teachers wh had taught her befre．
4．据说他写了一本有关工人的新书。(主语＋be＋过去分词＋t d．．．)
He is said t have written a new bk abut wrkers．
1
assume [课本义]vt．假定，认为；承担(责任)，就(职)；呈现，显露 [增补义]vt．假装
2
tend [课本义]vi．往往会；趋向 vt．照看 [增补义]vi．趋于；倾向vt．伺候；护理
3
range [课本义]n．(变动或浮动的)范围，界限，区间；一系列 [增补义]n．类；种；山脉vi．(在一定范围内)变化，变动 vt．排列
4
lack n．缺乏，匮乏，短缺 vt．& vi．没有，缺乏，不足，短缺
5
replace vt．[课本义]用……替换；代替，取代；更换，更新 [增补义]把……放回原处
6
admit [课本义]vt．& vi．承认；招认；准许进入；准许加入 [增补义]vt．接收；收治
7
average [课本义]n．平均水平，一般水准 adj．平均的；典型的 [增补义]adj．普通的；平常的 n．平均数 vt．平均为；计算出……的平均数
8
make up fr弥补，补偿
9
n wnder 不足为奇，并不奇怪
10
[教材原句]T prevent sft tissue injury，make sure that yu wear prper clthes and equipment when exercising．为了防止软组织受伤，当你进行锻炼时，要确保你穿合适的衣服、佩戴合适的装备。
11
[教材原句]When yu plan an exercise rutine，the first thing t cnsider is what yu expect t imprve：heart and lung efficiency，muscle strength r flexibility．制订锻炼计划时，首先要考虑的是你期望在哪些方面有所改善：心肺功能，肌肉力量还是柔韧性。
动作描写
情感描写
环境描写
stretch，
prevent，lack，in
respnse t
hesitate，
satisfactin，
stick with
nearby，
psitin