【学考复习】（新教材专用）2024年高中英语学业水平考试 专题讲解 专题17 阅读理解-讲义

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熟练语篇类型和语篇结构
明确命题规律和提问方式
掌握不同题型的解题方法掌握阅读理解高频同义词转换

考向一
细节理解题题型特点
(一) 细节理解题常见设问方式
1．特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, wh, hw much/many等疑问词引出的问题。
2．判断是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE, NOT true或EXCEPT等的判断是非的问题。此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如nt, never等。
3．以“Accrding t ...”开头的提问形式。
4．填空形式。如The biggest challenge fr mst mthers is frm ________.
(二)细节理解题正确选项特征
(三)细节理解题干扰选项特征
直接信息题
考生可以采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”的方法，通过定位找题眼。先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。解题流程如下：
第一步：依据题干信息，择定位关键词
细节理解直接信息题一般是对文章局部内容的考查,且题目相对简单,所以,不必通篇细读全文,可先通过题干信息来选择定位关键词。关键词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词,即问题的核心信息
第二步：依据关键词,回原文定位信息进行比对
确定了定位关键词后,运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题于有关的关键词,回到原文进行信息定位,然后将选项内容与原文信息比对,得出正确答案。
例子1
…
（2021全国乙卷·A）
The Biggest Stadiums in the Wrld
Peple have been puring int stadiums since the days f ancient Greece. In arund 8 A.Q., the Rmans built the Clsseum, which remains the wrld's best knwn stadium are cntinues t infrm cntemprary design. Rme’s Clsseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 peple. Hwever, that was small fry cmpared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accmmdated arund 250,000 peple.
These days, safety regulatins-nt t mentin the mdern sprts fan’s desire fr a gd view and a cmfrtable seat-tend t keep stadium capacities（容量）slightly lwer. Even sccer fans tend t have a seat each; gne are the days f thusands standing t watch the match.
Fr the biggest stadiums in the wrld, we have used data supplied by the Wrld Atlas list s far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated infrmatin frm fficial stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functinal, still pen and still hsting the biggest events in wrld sprt.
•Rungrad 1st f May Stadium, Pyngyang, Capacity. 150,000. Opened. May 1,1989.
•Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbr, Michigan, U.S. Capacity: 107,601. Opened. Octber 1, 1927.
•Beaver Stadium, State Cllege, Pennsylvania, U.S. Capacity: 106,572. Opened: September 17, 1960.
•Ohi Stadium, Clumbus, Ohi, U.S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened: Octber 7, 1922.
•Kyle Field, Cllege Statin, Texas, U.S. Capacity: 102,512. Opened: September 24,1927.
21. Hw many peple culd the Circus Maximus hld?
A.104,944.B. 107,601. C. Abut 150,000. D. Abut 250,000.
22. Of the fllwing stadiums, which is the ldest?
A. Michigan Stadium.
B. Beaver Stadium.
C. Ohi Stadium.
D. Kyle Field.
[解题示范]
第一步：定信息区间
第二步：比对定答案
间接信息题
相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。此类题目需要考生将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。
例子2…
Of the cmmn berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, althugh, because f their seeds, raspberries cntain a little mre prtein (蛋白质), irn and zinc (nt that fruits have much prtein). Blueberries are particularly high in antixidants (抗氧化物质). The yellw and range stne fruits such as peaches are high in the cartenids we turn int vitamin A and which are antixidants. As fr cherries (樱桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C.
…
24．What des the authr seem t like abut cherries?
A．They cntain prtein.
B．They are high in vitamin A.
C．They have a pleasant taste.
D．They are rich in antixidants.
[解题示范]
第一步：定信息区间
第二步：比对定答案
概括、归纳信息题
是指命题人用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，这是命题人设计细节理解题的正确选项时经常使用的手段之一。考生首先应依据题干指向，找到文中相应的信息区间，然后尝试用自己的语言去归纳总结文中的信息或事实，然后再看选项，挑选出和自己所归纳总结的信息最接近的选项作为正确答案。
例子3…
At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages. The distributin f these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild znes have relatively few languages, ften spken by many peple, while ht, wet znes have lts, ften spken by small numbers. Eurpe has nly arund 200 languages; the Americas abut 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, f which Papua New Guinea alne accunts fr well ver 800. The median number (中位数) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld's languages are spken by fewer peple than that.
…
30．Hw many languages are spken by less than 6,000 peple at present?
A．Abut 6,800. B．Abut 3,400.
C．Abut 2,400. D．Abut 1,200.
[解题示范]
第一步：定信息区间
第二步：比对定答案
考向二
推理判断3题型
(一)细节推理判断题
细节推理判断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在联系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。注意题干中常用的六个动词：infer (推断), indicate (象征，暗示), imply (暗示), suggest (暗示), cnclude (得出结论)和assume (假定，设想)。
该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：
It can be inferred frm the text that ________.
Cmpared with ther similar prducts, the new design ________.
It can be cncluded frm the passage that ________.
The writer/authr indicates/suggests/implies that ________.
(二)观点、态度推理判断题
1．文章的观点或结论推理判断题
此类试题问的不一定是全文的中心思想或作者的全文观点，可能只是文章中的某一观点。但要推测文中某一观点，仍离不开对全文中心思想的把握，因为它们在语义上是紧密相连的，次要的观点是支撑说明全文主要论点的。所以了解全文的主要观点或中心思想对正确解答此类试题至关重要。
该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：
·What is the authr’s pinin n
·What des the authr think abut
·Frm the passage we can cnclude that ________.
2．作者态度、语气推理判断题
此类试题往往通过作者在文章里的措词、感情色彩表现出来，并常常用一些词汇进行表述。如：褒义词useful, interesting, admiring, psitive 等；贬义词disappinted, critical, negative等；中性词indifferent, humrus, neutral等。因此考生必须透过字里行间察其端倪，以此作为前提进行推理。
该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：
·The attitude f the authr twards smebdy/smething is ________.
·The authr’s attitude twards be best described as ________.
·The tne f this passage is best described as ________.
(三)写作意图推理判断题
写作意图推理判断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这类题型不但要求考生能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。
该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：
The main purpse f this text is ________.
What’s the authr’s purpse in writing this article?
It can be cncluded that the passage is mainly written fr ________.
The authr writes this passage t ________.
The authr in this passage intends t ________.
典例1
We may think we're a culture that gets rid f ur wrn technlgy at the first sight f smething shiny and new, but a new study shws that we keep using ur ld devices (装置) well after they g ut f style. That's bad news fr the envirnment — and ur wallets — as these utdated devices cnsume much mre energy than the newer nes that d the same things.
…
32．What des the authr think f new devices?
A．They are envirnment­friendly.
B．They are n better than the ld.
C．They cst mre t use at hme.
D．They g ut f style quickly.
[解题示范]
深层推断5注意
(1)严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推断，切忌掺杂自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。
(2)有些选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复，而非推断出来的结论。
(3)注意文中的虚拟语气和情态动词，这些往往能流露出作者的弦外之音。
(4)有时作者只是客观地叙述事实，并未做评论，考生阅读时如果主观地进行推断就容易出错。如文中提到一样东西贵，并不意味着就买不起。
(5)某些细节看似在原文中出现过，但与原文不符，或断章取义，或因果倒置等。
典例2
We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank r n an airplane, surrunded by peple wh are, like us, deeply fcused n their smartphnes r, wrse, struggling with the uncmfrtable silence.
…
32．What phenmenn is described in the first paragraph?
A．Addictin t smartphnes.
B．Inapprpriate behaviurs in public places.
C．Absence f cmmunicatin between strangers.
D．Impatience with slw service.
[解题示范]
此题型常常是考查作者对某个事件的态度和想法，这种题型一定要关注作者叙述时的口吻。①有时作者描述自己某种并不愉快但又搞笑的经历来娱乐读者，是一种自嘲；②有时作者以貌似调侃的口吻描述对某种社会现象进行抨击；③有时作者描述某个或几个事件表达自己的情感，可能是不满、讽刺或感激等。这种题型，解题的关键都是要把握文章主旨，正确选项一定是与文章主旨紧密相关的。
典例3
[1]Many f us lve July because it's the mnth when nature's berries and stne fruits are in abundance. These clurful and sweet jewels frm British Clumbia's fields are little pwerhuses f nutritinal prtectin.
[2]Of the cmmn berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, althugh, because f their seeds, raspberries cntain a little mre prtein (蛋白质), irn and zinc (nt that fruits have much prtein). Blueberries are particularly high in antixidants (抗氧化物质). The yellw and range stne fruits such as peaches are high in the cartenids we turn int vitamin A and which are antixidants. As fr cherries (樱桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C.
[3]When cmbined with berries r slices f ther fruits, frzen bananas make an excellent base fr thick, cling fruit shakes and lw fat “ice cream”. Fr this purpse, select ripe bananas fr freezing as they are much sweeter. Remve the skin and place them in plastic bags r cntainers and freeze. If yu like, a squeeze f fresh lemn juice n the bananas will prevent them turning brwn. Frzen bananas will last several weeks, depending n their ripeness and the temperature f the freezer.
[4]If yu have a_juicer,_yu can simply feed in frzen bananas and sme berries r sliced fruit. Out cmes a “sft­serve” creamy dessert, t be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity fr a children's party; they lve feeding the fruit and frzen bananas int the tp f the machine and watching the ice cream cme ut belw.
27．Frm which is the text prbably taken?
A．A bilgy textbk. B．A health magazine.
C．A research paper. D．A travel brchure.
[解题示范]
考向三词义猜测题
词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断；既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，而要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。
[设问方式]
By saying that “...” in the first (secnd ...) paragraph, the authr means that ________.
In Paragraph ..., “...” can be replaced by “______”．
The meaning f “...” in Paragraph ... is related t ________.
Which f the fllwing has the clsest meaning t ... (Paragraph ...)？
As is used in Line ..., the wrd “...” refers t ________.
The underlined sentence in the ... paragraph prbably means that ________.
词义猜测题7大猜词技巧
要做好词义猜测题，考生除了必须熟练掌握《考试大纲》规定的词汇外，在平时的训练中还要注意积累生词和短语，掌握构词法的基本知识，对于各种前、后缀的变化形式了然于心，还要学会根据上下文语境进行合理推测，掌握一定的解题技巧。
1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如：
①Annealing is a way f making metal sfter by heating it and then letting it cl very slwly.
句子给予了annealing一个明确的定义，即“退火”。
②It will be very hard but als very brittle — that is, it will break easily.
从that is(也就是说)后的解释中我们可以了解到，brittle是“脆的”意思。
③The herdsman,_wh lks after sheep, earns abut 650 yuan a year.
定语从句中lks after sheep就表明了herdsman的词义为“牧人”。
④The weather in this area is treacherus;_its sudden changes ften endanger the lives f sailrs.
分号后的句子在解释什么样的天气是treacherus, sudden change与treacherus在语义上相对应，因此含义是“突变的”。
⑤Sme gd readers find it helpful t use their sense t visualize — r picture — what they read.
visualize的意思由破折号后的picture(想象)给出了说明，因此含义为“想象”。
⑥When President Trrijs f Panama met Carter, he tried t give him a friendly abraz (hug)．
abraz对大多数人来说都很陌生，但由括号内的hug(拥抱)，我们不难推测abraz也是“拥抱”的意思。
典例1
Sn afterwards, many f thse peple started settling dwn t becme farmers, and their languages t became mre settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisatin, the develpment f the natin­state and the spread f universal cmpulsry educatin, especially glbalisatin and better cmmunicatins in the past few decades, all have caused many languages t disappear, and dminant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.
29．Which f the fllwing best explains “dminant” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Cmplex. B．Advanced.
C．Pwerful. D．Mdern.
[分析] 根据画线词所在句子可知，人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被英语、西班牙语、汉语等语言取代，画线词前后的解释暗示了这些语言逐渐占主导地位，故选C项pwerful (强大的，有影响力的)。
[答案]C
2.根据同位关系进行猜测
阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，因此可利用同位关系对前面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如：
①They traveled a lng way, at last gt t a castle,_a large building in ld times.
同位语部分“a large building in ld times”给出了castle的确切词义，即古时候的“城堡”。
②We are n the night_shift — frm midnight t 8 a．m. — this week.
两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift是“夜班”的意思。
③The “Chunnel”， a tunnel (隧道) cnnecting England and France, is nw cmplete.
此句中“a tunnel (隧道) cnnecting England and France”是Chunnel的同位语。因此，Chunnel指的就是英法之间的海底隧道。
典例2
I am Peter Hdes, a vlunteer stem cell curier. Since March 2012, I've dne 89 trips — f thse, 51 have been abrad. I have 42 hurs t carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little bx because I've gt tw ice packs and that's hw lng they last. In all, frm the time the stem cells are harvested frm a dnr (捐献者) t the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've gt 72 hurs at mst. S I am always cnscius f time.
29．Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “curier” in Paragraph 1?
A．prvider B．delivery man
C．cllectr D．medical dctr
[分析] “a vlunteer stem cell curier”是“Peter Hdes”的同位语；根据文中“I have 42 hurs t carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little bx”可知，Peter Hdes的任务就是将捐献者捐献的干细胞运送给需要的病人，即作者是干细胞递送员。故选择B项。
[答案] B
3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生等)进行猜测
在英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词。乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：
①“Our parties are aimed fr children 2 t 10，” Anacleri said, “and they're very interactive and creative in that they built a sense f drama based n a subject.”
文中interactive是由前缀inter­(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。
②Perhaps, we can see sme pssibilities fr next fifty years. But the next hundred?
pssibility是pssible的同根名词，据此可以判断pssibility的意思是“可能性”。
例子3
A silence in a cnversatin may als shw stubbrnness, uneasiness,_r wrry.
[分析] 根据构词法知识我们可知，un­为否定前缀，­ness为名词后缀，easy(舒适)为词根。因此，我们可猜测uneasiness为“不安；担忧”之意。
4.根据因果关系进行猜测
在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如：
①The lack f mvement caused the muscles t weaken. Smetimes the weakness was permanent. S the player culd never play the sprt again.
从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”可以推测permanent的意思为“永远的，永久的”。
②Mary didn't ntice me when I came int the classrm, because she was cmpletely engrssed in her reading.
从前面的结果“当我走进教室时，玛丽没有注意到我”可以推测engrssed的意思为“全神贯注的”。
③Our visin was bscured by the trees, s we culdn't see the lake frm ur windw.
由后面的结果culdn't see(看不见)可知，我们的视线被树遮挡住(bscured)了。
典例3
If yu have a_juicer,_yu can simply feed in frzen bananas and sme berries r sliced fruit. Out cmes a “sftserve” creamy dessert, t be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity fr a children's party; they lve feeding the fruit and frzen bananas int the tp f the machine and watching the ice cream cme ut belw.
26．What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A．A dessert. B．A drink.
C．A cntainer. D．A machine.
[分析] 该段第一句含有一个if引导的条件状语从句，若满足该条件，则产生的结果是第一句的后半句和第二句， “yu can simply feed in frzen bananas and sme berries r sliced fruit. Out cmes a ‘sft­serve’ creamy dessert, t be eaten right away.” 即“将冰冻香蕉和其他莓类、水果片放进去，出来的是奶油状甜品”。由此因果关系可推知juicer指的是榨汁机。故选择D项。
[答案] D
5.根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测
文章中的代词it, that, he, him或them可以指代上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指代一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时也需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事物。例如：
①Like Schmid, the editrs f several self­published art magazines als champin (捍卫) fund phtgraphs. One f them,_called simply Fund, was brn ne snwy night in Chicag, when Davy Rthbard returned t his car t find under his wiper (雨刷) an angry nte intended fr smene else：“Why's yur car HERE at HER place？”
them指的是前面出现的self­published art magazines。
②Hwever, the questin that “mn peple” asked is still an interesting ne. A grwing number f scientists are seriusly thinking abut it.
it指的是月球人(mn peple)所问的问题(the questin)。
典例4
[2]Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U．S.the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins.
[3]It's Jasn Mran's jb t help change that.As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser fr jazz, Mran hpes t widen the audience fr jazz, make the music mre accessible, and preserve its histry and culture.
…
29．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Jazz becming mre accessible.
B．The prductin f jazz grwing faster.
C．Jazz being less ppular with the yung.
D．The jazz audience becming larger.
[分析] 根据语境可知，画线词that指代第二段“Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U．S. the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins.”的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。故选C。
[答案] C
6.根据同义或近义关系进行猜测
在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另外一个词的意思。
Adults understand what it feels like t be flded with bjects. Why d we ften assume that mre_is_mre when it cmes t kids and their belngings? The gd news is that I can help my wn kids learn earlier than I did hw t live mre with less.
典例5…
32．What d the wrds “mre is mre” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A．The mre, the better.
B．Enugh is enugh.
C．Mre mney, mre wrries.
D．Earn mre and spend mre.
[分析] 根据该段第一句“Adults understand what it feels like t be flded with bjects.”可知，作者认为成年人都理解物质过剩的那种感觉，后面又用反问句提出了问题：但是，说到孩子们和他们的物品，我们为什么通常又认定mre is mre呢？由此推知，这里的 mre is mre与前面的 flded with为近义呼应，指“越多越好”。故选A。
[答案] A
7.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测
根据上下句的连接词，如but, hwever, therwise等可以推断上下文之间的逻辑关系，从而可以依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如：
①A child's birthday party desn't have t be a hassle;_it can be a basket f fun.
从分号前后两句的意思可以看出，hassle和a basket f fun是相反的意义，所以不难判断hassle的意思是“困难，麻烦”。
②She is usually prmpt fr all her class, but tday she arrived in the middle f her first class.
but一词表示转折，因此but前后的意思正好相反。根据后半句的意思“她今天第一节课上了一半才来”，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。
③The players in the Wrld Cup are prfessinals, while thse wh play in the Olympics must be amateurs.
由于转折词“while”引导的两个分句前后意义相反，我们可推测出amateurs是prfessinals(专业人士)的反义词，意思为“业余人士，业余选手”。
典例6…
Gray wlves nce were seen here and there in the Yellwstne area and much f the cntinental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human develpment. By the 1920s, wlves had practically disappeared frm the Yellwstne area. They went farther nrth int the deep frests f Canada, where there were fewer humans arund.
…
29．What des the underlined wrd “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Tested. B．Separated.
C．Frced ut. D．Tracked dwn.
[分析] 画线词的前句说明在黄石公园和美洲大部分地区曾有许多的灰狼，连词but转折了句子意义，后来由于人类的发展，灰狼数量逐渐减少，几乎消失，由此可推断出画线词的意思为“被迫离开”，故选择C项。
[答案]C
考向四 主旨大意题
主旨大意题常见三种类型：标题归纳题题、文章大意题与段落大意题。
类型一 标题归纳题
一、常见设问方式
The best title f the passage is ________.
Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
·The mst apprpriate title f the passage is ______.
二、解题必备知能
(一)理解标题的3大特点
一个好的标题应具备三大特点：
1．概括性——准确而又简短；
2．针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；
3．醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲望。
(二)巧用3大方法确定文章标题
1．正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；
2．反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文章对照，一一排除不符选项；
3．研读备选项本身：研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等。
典例1
Gd Mrning Britain's Susanna Reid is used t grilling guests n the sfa every mrning, but she is cking up a strm in her latest rle — shwing families hw t prepare delicius and nutritius meals n a tight budget.
In Save Mney: Gd Fd, she visits a different hme each week and with the help f chef Matt Tebbutt ffers tp tips n hw t reduce fd waste, while preparing recipes fr under ￡5 per family a day. And the Gd Mrning Britain presenter says she's been able t put a lt f what she's learnt int practice in her wn hme, preparing meals fr sns, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.
“We lve Mexican churrs, s I buy them n my phne frm my lcal Mexican takeaway restaurant，” she explains. “I pay ￡5 fr a prtin (一份), but Matt makes them fr 26p a prtin, because they are flur, water, sugar and il. Everybdy can buy takeaway fd, but smetimes we're nt aware hw cheaply we can make this fd urselves.”
The eight­part series (系列节目), Save Mney: Gd Fd, fllws in the ftsteps f ITV's Save Mney: Gd Health, which gave viewers advice n hw t get value frm the vast range f health prducts n the market.
With fd ur biggest weekly husehld expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tnight's Easter special they cme t the aid f a family in need f sme delicius inspiratin n a budget. The team transfrms the family's lng weekend f celebratin with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
27．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Keeping Fit by Eating Smart
B．Balancing Our Daily Diet
C．Making Yurself a Perfect Chef
D．Cking Well fr Less
[解题示范]
第一步：读文章，概括文意
本文是一篇新闻报道。《早安英国》的节目主持人苏珊娜·瑞德新推出了一档节目——Save Mney: Gd Fd，向观众展示如何用较少的预算做出美味营养的饭菜。
第二步：析选项，斟酌判断
[答案] D
类型二 文章大意题
一、常见设问方式
·What's the main idea/pint f the passage?
·The passage is mainly abut ________.
·The passage is mainly cncerned abut ________.
·Which f the fllwing best states the main idea f the passage?
·Which f the fllwing statements best expresses the main idea/theme f the passage?
·In this passage the authr discusses primarily ________.
·The subject discussed in this text is ________.
·The general/main idea f the passage is abut ________.
二、解题必备知能
掌握寻找主题句的4个小窍门，快速确定文章大意
文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心的基础上的。找出每小段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。
用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息的方法可以快速找到主题句。以下是找主题句的四个小窍门：
1．段落中出现表示转折的词语(如hwever, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。
2．首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3．作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4．表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefre, thus, in shrt, cnclude, cnclusin等词，通常是主旨。
典例 2
Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years, but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging. When the wrld was still ppulated by hunter­gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) grups develped their wn patterns f speech independent f each ther. Sme language experts believe that 10,000 years ag, when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple, they spke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Sn afterwards, many f thse peple started settling dwn t becme farmers, and their languages t became mre settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisatin, the develpment f the natin­state and the spread f universal cmpulsry educatin, especially glbalisatin and better cmmunicatins in the past few decades, all have caused many languages t disappear, and dminant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.
At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages. The distributin f these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild znes have relatively few languages, ften spken by many peple, while ht, wet znes have lts, ften spken by small numbers. Eurpe has nly arund 200 languages; the Americas abut 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, f which Papua New Guinea alne accunts fr well ver 800. The median number (中位数) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld's languages are spken by fewer peple than that.
Already well ver 400 f the ttal f 6,800 languages are clse t extinctin (消亡), with nly a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at randm, Busuu in Camern (eight remaining speakers), Chiapanec in Mexic (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (tw r three) r Wadjigu in Australia (ne, with a questin­mark): nne f these seems t have much chance f survival.
31．What is the main idea f the text?
A．New languages will be created.
B．Peple's lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C．Human develpment results in fewer languages.
D．Gegraphy determines language evlutin.
[解题示范]
第一步：读文章，概括文意
文章介绍了世界上语言的种类随着人类社会的发展而逐渐减少这一现象。
第二步：析选项，斟酌判断
[答案] C
类型三 段落大意题
一、常见设问方式
What des the authr tell us in Paragraph
The main idea f the secnd paragraph prbably is ________.
The first paragraph is mainly abut ________.
Which f the fllwing can best summarize Para.1?
What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
二、解题必备知能
归纳段落大意的2种方法
方法1：概括段落大意
要准确概括某段的大意，务必要知道该段的逻辑结构。
(1)如果该段是按总分顺序组织，首句做总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体论述，这种结构的主题句就在段首；
(2)如果按分总顺序组织，主题句就在段尾；
(3)如果按分总分的顺序组织，则主题句就在这段话的中间；
(4)如果按总分总的顺序，段落结构相对难度较低，我们可以很明显的看到一段的首句和末句的内容几乎完全一致，正确答案就呼之欲出了；
(5)如果按并列式行文，这种结构的段落一般会在一段中讨论两个平行的内容，整个段落可以从中间处分开，前后是平行关系，这样的段落结构对应的答案通常也会是很明显的并列关系；
(6)如果对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。
方法2：揣摩段落大意
有时，作者可能不直接写出主题句，而是通过各种方法暗示给读者，这就需要充分发挥读者的想象力与判断力，揣摩段落大意。
典例3
Terrafugia Inc. said Mnday that its new flying car has cmpleted its first flight, bringing the cmpany clser t its gal f selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle — named the Transitin — has tw seats, fur wheels and wings that fld up s it can be driven like a car. The Transitin, which flew at 1,400 feet fr eight minutes last mnth, can reach arund 70 miles per hur n the rad and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23­galln tank f gas and burns 5 gallns per hur in the air. On the grund, it gets 35 miles per galln.
…
28．What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A．The basic data f the Transitin.
B．The advantages f flying cars.
C．The ptential market fr flying cars.
D．The designers f the Transitin.
[解题示范]
第一步：读文章，概括段意
该段没有主题句，但是从以下几个方面说明了飞车the Transitin的相关情况：
①制造商：Terrafugia Inc.
②首飞成功：cmpleted its first flight
③上市时间：within the next year
④飞车名字：the Transitin
⑤飞车构成：tw seats, fur wheels and wings
⑥飞行时速：arund 70 miles per hur n the rad and 115 in the air
⑦耗油：5 gallns per hur in the air; On the grund, 35 miles per galln
由以上信息可以看出该段主要描述了飞车the Transitin的一些基本数据。
第二步：析选项，斟酌判断
[答案] A
(2023年湖南省)Nature Adventure Camp
Get adventurus this summer! Each week has a new theme t keep yu busy as yu develp new skills, explre nature, and meet new friends.
1. When can yu explre the cean?
A. Jun 16-18.B. Jun 21-23.C. Jun 30-Jul 2.D. Jul 7-9.
2. What can yu d at Stne Age?
A. Get clse t sea creatures.B. Learn abut dinsaurs.
C. Catch winged creatures.D. Perfrm an riginal play.
3. Which theme will yu chse if yu are interested in catching bugs?
A. Under the Sea.B. Stne Age.C. Things with Wings.D. Nature Tail Theater.
4. Hw much will yu pay t g t Nature Tail Theater?
A. $ 75.B. $100.C. $136.D. $150.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章介绍的是自然探险营的相关情况。
【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Under the Sea部分中“Dive in as we discver the fascinating creatures (生物) that live in the cean. (潜入水中，我们会发现生活在海洋中的迷人生物。)”以及“Opening time: 9: 00 am-5: 00 pm, Jun 16-18(开放时间：6月16日至18日上午9:00至下午5:00)”可知，探索海洋的时间是6月16日至18日。故选A。
【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Stne Age部分中“Learn abut all f yur favrite dinsaurs frm the prehistric era and find ut what it was like t be a caveman.(了解所有你最喜欢的史前恐龙，了解洞穴人是什么感觉。)”可知，在Stne Age部分中可以了解到关于恐龙的知识。故选B。
【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Things with Wings部分中“Frm birds t butterflies, bats t bees, find ut abut many amazing creatures that fly frm the grund t the trees. (从鸟类到蝴蝶，从蝙蝠到蜜蜂，找出许多从地面飞到树上的神奇生物。)”可知，如果你对抓虫子感兴趣可以选择参加Things with Wings部分中的活动。故选C。
【4题详解】细节理解题。根据Nature Tail Theater部分中“Fee: $136(费用136美元)”可知，该部分花费是136美元。故选C。
(2023年湖南省)Lng ag, many peple had gardens. Fewer peple were interested in having gardens. But in the past few years, this has begun t change. Mre peple are starting t make gardens again. Peple f all ages are learning the jy f planting. Maybe yu wuld like t start yur wn garden. It’s easier than yu may think.
The first step is making sme chices. What srt f plants d yu like? What d yu want t grw? Many peple have flwer gardens. Peple grw these gardens fr the way that they lk. They are pretty t lk at. Flwers can have many shapes and many clrs. Other peple grw fd in their gardens. They grw fruits and vegetables. These gardens are helpful. Sme peple like bth types f gardens, s they have flwers and fd.
After yu chse the type f garden yu want, yu’ll need a gd lcatin fr it. The best place fr a small garden is in a yard. One f the mst imprtant things t lk fr is sun. Always put yur garden in a sunny spt. Yu shuld als put yur garden in a place that is easy t get t. And yu will want t put flwers in a place where everyne can see them.
Each kind f plant is different. Once yu chse the plants yu want, yu have t learn a little abut them. Sme plants grw best in spring. Others shuld be planted in summer. A few plants grw all year lng. Chse when yu will d yur planting. Then chse the best plants t grw.
I’m sure yu will enjy yur garden. Gardens can be very pretty. What’s nicer than seeing bright flwers all arund yu? Yu can als grw many kinds f great fds. Sme peple say fd they grw themselves tastes better. Best f all, gardens are just plain fun.
5. Nw peple think planting a garden is _____________.
A. hardB. bringC. traditinalD. jyful
6. What’s the first step if yu want t start yur garden?
A. Making chices.B. Planting flwers.
C. Grwing fd.D. Buying fruits and vegetables.
7. What is the best lcatin fr a garden?
A. In a cl place.B. Outside yur yard.
C. Near a park.D. In a sunny spt.
8. What’s the writer’s purpse in writing the passage?
A. T explain what plants t grw.B. T tell peple hw t start a garden.
C. T ask peple fr ideas abut gardens.D. T encurage peple t grw their wn fd.
【答案】5. D 6. A 7. D 8. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何建造属于自己的花园。
【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Peple f all ages are learning the jy f planting.(各个年龄段的人都在感受种植的乐趣。)”可知，现在的人们都觉得建造花园很有意思。故选D。
【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The first step is making sme chices. (第一步是做一些选择。)”可知，如果你想建造自己的花园，第一步是做一些选择。故选A。
【7题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“One f the mst imprtant things t lk fr is sun. Always put yur garden in a sunny spt.(寻找太阳是最重要的东西之一。总是把你的花园放在阳光充足的地方。)”可知，花园的最佳位置是在阳光充分的地方。故选D。
【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Lng ag, many peple had gardens. Fewer peple were interested in having gardens. But in the past few years, this has begun t change. Mre peple are starting t make gardens again. Peple f all ages are learning the jy f planting. Maybe yu wuld like t start yur wn garden. It’s easier than yu may think. (很久以前，许多人都有花园。对拥有花园感兴趣的人越来越少。但在过去几年里，这种情况开始发生变化。越来越多的人又开始建造花园了。各个年龄段的人都在学习种植的乐趣。也许你想开始自己的花园。这比你想象的要容易。)”以及下文内容可知，作者写本文的主要目的是告诉了人们如何建造一个花园。故选B。
(2023年湖南省)Dctr Eleanr Lve knws that weddings create a lt f leftver (遗留) flwers, and that means mre chances fr her t cllect the after-wedding flwers and give them t her lnely hspital patients, many f whm dn’t ften get visitrs, nt t mentin expensive flwers. The flwers are still in gd shape, and the patients are very happy t have them.
Lve wrked at the Virginia Cmmnwealth University Hspital as a medical student. She wndered hw she culd help relieve (减轻) their suffering and hw t treat them as a student dctr.
“One f the challenges f being a medical student is that it can be very difficult t cntribute t the care team,” said Lve. “Yu are there as a learner, but yu want t make an impact n yur patients, and yu dn’t have the same knwledge as physicians. Hw can I at this stage in my training make an impact n patients?”
S in 2022, she started The Simple Sunflwer in Richmnd, and s far she has delivered mre than 760 bunches f flwers t patients. She brught fellw students and ther peple int her prject, and nw has mre than 200 vlunteers n the email list. When Lve began the prject, she called businesses such as wedding venues (场馆) and flrists and asked them what events were scheduled. Fr each wedding, she rganized a team f eight vlunteers wh helped pick up the flwers when the party was ver and then spent time delivering them t individual patients.
Peple beynd the VCU cmmunity have heard abut Lve’s prject and gt invlved.
“It’s s satisfying t see the patients wh receive ur flwers,” she said. “It reminds me why we d what we d.”
9. Why did Eleanr Lve cllect the flwers?
A. T sell them t vlunteers.B. T treat patients’ diseases.
C. T decrate a wedding venue.D. T help relieve the patients’ suffering.
10. Frm Paragraph 4 we knw that ___________.
A Eleanr Lve started The Simple Sunflwer in 2022
B. Eleanr Lve became a student dctr in Richmnd
C. 200 vlunteers were needed fr each wedding
D. 760 bunches f flwers were bught fr patients
11. Which f the fllwing can best describe Eleanr Lve?
A. Humrus.B. Warm-hearted.C. Hnest.D. Strict.
12. What is the best title fr the passage?
A. N Pain, N GainB. Hard Wrk Leads t Success
C. Deliver Flwers, Deliver LveD. Lve Me, Lve My Dg
【答案】9. D 10. A 11. B 12. C
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述一个叫的Eleanr Lve医学生收集婚礼结束后剩下的鲜花并把它们送给生病住院的病人，让他们可以减轻病痛的故事。
【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Dctr Eleanr Lve knws that weddings create a lt f leftver (遗留) flwers, and that means mre chances fr her t cllect the after-wedding flwers and give them t her lnely hspital patients, many f whm dn’t ften get visitrs, nt t mentin expensive flwers. The flwers are still in gd shape, and the patients are very happy t have them. (Eleanr Lve医生知道婚礼会留下很多剩花，这意味着她有更多的机会收集婚礼后的鲜花，并将其送给孤独的医院病人，他们中的许多人不经常接待访客，更不用说昂贵的鲜花了。这些花的形状仍然很好，病人们很高兴拥有它们。)”和第二段“Lve wrked at the Virginia Cmmnwealth University Hspital as a medical student. She wndered hw she culd help relieve (减轻) their suffering and hw t treat them as a student dctr. (Lve是弗吉尼亚联邦大学医院的一名医学生。她想知道如何帮助减轻他们的痛苦，以及作为一名实习医生如何对待他们。)”可知，Lve收集婚礼上剩下的鲜花并把它们送给病人是为了减轻病人的痛苦。故选D。
【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“S in 2022, she started The Simple Sunflwer in Richmnd (因此，在2022年，她在里士满创办了The Simple Sunflwer)”可知，在2022年，Lve在里士满创办了The Simple Sunflwer。故选A。
【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Lve wrked at the Virginia Cmmnwealth University Hspital as a medical student. She wndered hw she culd help relieve (减轻) their suffering and hw t treat them as a student dctr. (Lve是弗吉尼亚联邦大学医院的一名医学生。她想知道如何帮助减轻他们的痛苦，以及作为一名实习医生如何对待他们。)”可知，Lve是一个很有爱心的人。故选B。
【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Dctr Eleanr Lve knws that weddings create a lt f leftver (遗留) flwers, and that means mre chances fr her t cllect the after-wedding flwers and give them t her lnely hspital patients, many f whm dn’t ften get visitrs, nt t mentin expensive flwers. The flwers are still in gd shape, and the patients are very happy t have them. (Eleanr Lve医生知道婚礼会留下很多剩花，这意味着她有更多的机会收集婚礼后的鲜花，并将其送给孤独的医院病人，他们中的许多人不经常接待访客，更不用说昂贵的鲜花了。这些花的形状仍然很好，病人们很高兴拥有它们。)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述一个叫的Eleanr Lve医学生收集婚礼结束后剩下的鲜花并把它们送给生病住院的病人，让他们可以减轻病痛的故事。C选项“递送鲜花，传递爱意”符合题意。故选C。
(2022年广西)Tmrrw is Father’s Day. Why nt g t watch a mvie with yur family? Here are fur great mvies waiting fr yu at the Glbal Theatre.
1. Hw much is the ticket fr the mvie The Pursuit f Happiness?
A. $16.B. $17.C. $18.D. $19.
2. When is the mvie Dangal n?
A. 9:00 am—11:00 am.B. 1:30 pm—3:00 pm.
C. 2:00 pm—4:00 pm.D. 4:30 pm—6:00 pm.
3. Wh is the directr f the mvie I Am Sam?
A. Gabriele Muccin.B. Nitesh Tiwari.
C. Jessie Nelsn.D. Wes Andersn.
4 Which mvie tells a stry abut a fx family?
A. The Pursuit f Happiness.B. Dangal.
C. I Am Sam.D. The Fantastic Mr. Fx.
5. What is the text abut?
A. Mvies.B. Lectures.C. Exams.D. Plays.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是四部电影的相关信息。
【1题详解】细节理解题。根据The Pursuit f Happiness部分的“Ticket Price: $16(票价：16美元)”可知，电影The Pursuit f Happiness的票价是16美元，故选A。
【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Dangal部分的“Time: 1:30 pm–3:00 pm(时间：下午1:30 - 3:00)”可知，电影Dangal的上映时间是1:30 pm—3:00 pm，故选B。
【3题详解】细节理解题。根据I Am Sam部分的“Directr: Jessie Nelsn(导演：杰西·尼尔森)”可知，电影I Am Sam的导演是Jessie Nelsn。故选C。
【4题详解】细节理解题。根据The Fantastic Mr. Fx部分的“The mvie is abut Mr. Fx, wh fights against three bad farmers t get fd fr his family.(这部电影是关于狐狸先生，他与三个坏农民为他的家人争取食物。)”可知，The Fantastic Mr. Fx这部电影讲的是一个狐狸家庭的故事，故选D。
【5题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Why nt g t watch a mvie with yur family? Here are fur great mvies waiting fr yu at the Glbal Theatre.(为什么不和你的家人一起去看电影呢？这里有四部伟大的电影在全球剧院等着你。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是四部电影的相关信息，故选A。
(2022年广西)Lin dancing first started in China abut 1,500 years ag. It has been part f Chinese traditinal culture. It is ften seen in different celebratins. Chinese peple believe that lins can bring gd luck.
Of curse, the lins are nt real lins. Usually, in lin dancing, a lin is made up f tw dancers in lin cstumes (服装). One dancer cntrls the head. The ther cntrls the tail. Lin dancing is ften perfrmed by ne r mre lins. They dance t the beat f a drum. In the past, lin dancing was perfrmed mstly by men. But tday, wmen can als jin in it.
Lin dancing is ppular arund the wrld. In America, there are many lin dancing clubs, which attract many yung peple. Anthny Huang, aged 16, is a member f the Xingshi Dance Club in New Yrk. He says, “Lin dancing is imprtant t me. This traditin really lifts me up.” Amanda Tang-Lee, a 17-year-ld girl, is frm Lin Dance Me, a club in San Francisc. “Anyne can jin in lin dancing. Althugh it is hard fr girls, we can d it well,” she says.
Lin dancing is a perfect cmbinatin (结合) f sprt and art. It will surely spread t mre places in the wrld.
6. When did lin dancing first start in China?
A. Abut 1,500 years ag.B. Abut 2,000 years ag.
C. Abut 3,000 years ag.D. Abut 4,000 years ag.
7. In lin dancing, a lin is usually made up f .
A. Tw singersB. Tw runners
C. Tw dancersD. Tw swimmers
8. Where is the Xingshi Dance Club?
A. In Lndn.B. In New Yrk.
C. In Paris.D. In Tky.
9. Frm the text, we knw that Lin Dance Me is .
A. A tyB. A bkC. A rbtD. A club
10. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Paper cutting.B. Kite flying.C. Lin dancing.D. Bike racing.
【答案】6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种中国传统文化——舞狮。
【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Lin dancing first started in China abut 1,500 years ag.(舞狮最早起源于大约1500年前的中国)”可知，舞狮在中国最早是大约1500年前开始的。故选A。
【7题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Usually, in lin dancing, a lin is made up f tw dancers in lin cstumes (服装).(通常，在舞狮中，一头狮子是由两个穿着狮子服的舞者组成的)”可知，在舞狮中，狮子通常是由两个舞者组成。故选C。
【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Anthny Huang, aged 16, is a member f the Xingshi Dance Club in New Yrk.(Anthny Huang今年16岁，是纽约Xingshi Dance Club的一名成员)”可知，Xingshi Dance Club在纽约。故选B。
【9题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Amanda Tang-Lee, a 17-year-ld girl, is frm Lin Dance Me, a club in San Francisc.(17岁的女孩Amanda Tang-Lee来自旧金山一家名为Lin Dance Me的俱乐部)”可知，Lin Dance Me是一个俱乐部。故选D。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Lin dancing first started in China abut 1,500 years ag. It has been part f Chinese traditinal culture. It is ften seen in different celebratins. Chinese peple believe that lins can bring gd luck.(舞狮最早起源于大约1500年前的中国。它一直是中国传统文化的一部分。它经常出现在不同的庆祝活动中。中国人相信狮子能带来好运)”可知，本文主要介绍的是舞狮这种中国传统文化。故选C。
(2022年广西)The tth is the hardest part f yur bdy. Yur teeth help yu in many ways. Fr example, they can help yu talk. They can als help yu have a great smile. And the mst imprtant jb f yur teeth is t chew (咀嚼) yur fd. But d yu knw hw yur teeth grw?
When yu are brn, yu dn’t have any teeth. Abut 8 mnths later, small teeth begin t appear ne by ne. These teeth are called baby teeth. They are als called milk teeth. Yu wn’t have baby teeth frever. They usually begin t fall ut when a child is abut 6 years ld. Then, permanent (永久的) teeth begin t appear. These teeth are larger and mre pwerful. Mst peple will have 28 permanent teeth by the time they are 12 years ld.
Fr sme peple, fur mre permanent teeth arrive by their 25th birthday. They are called wisdm teeth (智齿). But these teeth dn’t make yu smart! Smetimes they bring yu pain. If a wisdm tth brings yu t much pain, yu shuld g t a dentist (牙医) and have it pulled ut.
11. Which part f yur bdy is the hardest?
A. The nse.B. The tth.C. The leg.D. The hand.
12. The mst imprtant jb f yur teeth is .
A. t prepare fdB. t ck fdC. t chew fdD. t prtect fd
13. What des the underlined wrd “They” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Baby teeth.B. Adult teeth.C. False teeth.D. Big teeth.
14. Hw many permanent teeth will mst peple have by the time they are 12 years ld?
A. 22.B. 24.C. 26.D. 28.
15. Accrding t the text, what shuld yu d if a wisdm tth brings yu t much pain?
A. G t a dentist and have it brushed.
B. G t a dentist and have it pulled ut.
C. G t a dentist and have it cleaned.
D. G t a dentist and have it examined.
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们的牙齿。
【11题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“The tth is the hardest part f yur bdy.(牙齿是你身体最坚硬的部分。)”可知，牙齿是你身体最坚硬的部分。故选B。
【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“And the mst imprtant jb f yur teeth is t chew (咀嚼) yur fd.(你的牙齿最重要的工作就是咀嚼食物。)”可知，你的牙齿最重要的工作就是咀嚼食物，故选C。
【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“These teeth are called baby teeth. They are als called milk teeth. Yu wn’t have baby teeth frever.(这些牙齿被称为乳牙。它们也被称为乳牙。你不会永远有乳牙。)”和划线单词所在句子“They usually begin t fall ut when a child is abut 6 years ld.(它们通常在孩子6岁左右时开始掉下来。)”可知，乳牙会在6岁左右开始掉，由此可知，“They”代指上文提到的乳牙，故选A。
【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Mst peple will have 28 permanent teeth by the time they are 12 years ld.(大多数人在12岁的时候会有28颗恒牙。)”可知，大多数人在12岁的时候会有28颗恒牙。故选D。
【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“If a wisdm tth brings yu t much pain, yu shuld g t a dentist (牙医) and have it pulled ut.(如果一颗智齿给你带来太多的痛苦，你应该去牙科诊所把它拔掉。)”可知，如果一颗智齿给你带来太多的痛苦，你应该去牙科诊所把它拔掉。故选B。
The Shenzhu XVI members cmpleted their first spacewalk n Thursday, equipping and adjusting (调整) camera devices utside the Tiangng space statin, accrding t the China Manned Space Agency.
This was the 13th spacewalk carried ut by Chinese astrnauts. Missin cmmander Majr General Jing Haipeng and spaceflight engineer Clnel Zhu Yangzhu cnducted their eight-hur spacewalk and returned t the Wentian science mdule (舱) at 9:40 pm, the agency said in a news annuncement. Prfessr Gui Haicha, the third member f the crew (全体工作人员) and the missin’s science paylad specialist, stayed inside the space statin t prvide supprt, the news release said.
During their spacewalk, Jing and Zhu finished a series f tasks, such as fixing a supprt structure fr an expected camera utside the Tianhe central mdule and unlcking and mving tw expected cameras utside the Mengtian science mdule. Jing, wh was n his furth spaceflight, tk part in a spacewalk fr the first time. During the Shenzhu W missin in September 2008, which was his first spaceflight, Jing stayed inside the spaceship t assist his fellw members, Zhai Zhigang and Liu Brning, wh cmpleted China’s first spacewalk.
On Thursday afternn, Yang Yuguang, a senir space industry bserver and vice-chair f the Internatinal Astrnautical Federatin’s Space Transprtatin Cmmittee, had said that despite this being Jing’s first spacewalk, he shuld have n prblem in cmpleting the peratin because he is an experienced astrnaut and has been missin cmmander three times. “Jing has knwn hw t deal with difficult tasks and has rich experience in cntrlling challenging r risky situatins, which will help him when he carries ut the spacewalk,” Yang said.” Zhu was a teacher at the Space Engineering University befre he became an astrnaut, s he has expert knwledge in spacecraft engineering and peratins,” Yang added.
The Shenzhu XVI crew arrived at the Tiangng space statin n May 30 t take ver it frm their Shenzhu XV crew, wh had stayed there fr six mnths.
1．What did Prfessr Gui Haicha fcus n during the 13th spacewalk?
A．Equipping cameras.B．Adjusting sme instruments.
C．Managing spaceship.D．Prviding supprt in the space statin.
2．What can we knw abut Jing Haipeng?
A．He is gd at spacewalking.
B．He has flew fur space missins.
C．He cmpleted the task by himself.
D．He is the first Chinese astrnaut t take a spacewalk.
3．What can we infer frm Yang Yuguang’s wrds?
A．Astrnauts need a lt f training.
B．Jing and Zhu are highly experienced.
C．Spacewalk is a hard peratin t cmplete.
D．Astrnauts face impssible challenges in the missin.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．The Shenzhu XV missin ends with a safe return
B．The three great astrnauts f Shenzhu XVI
C．An unfrgettable experience in the Tiangng space statin
D．The Shenzhu XVI crew cmplete first spacewalk
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了中国神舟十六号载人飞船在“天宫”空间站的任务以及相关宇航员的情况。
1．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Prfessr Gui Haicha, the third member f the crew (全体工作人员) and the missin’s science paylad specialist, stayed inside the space statin t prvide supprt, the news release said. (新闻发布会上说，第三名机组成员桂海超教授和这次任务的科学有效载荷专家留在空间站内提供支持。)”可知，桂海潮的任务是在舱内为出舱执行任务的宇航员提供支持。故选D。
2．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Jing, wh was n his furth spaceflight, tk part in a spacewalk fr the first time. (这是景的第四次太空飞行，第一次参加太空行走。)”可知，景海鹏已执行四次太空飞行任务。故选B。
3．推理判断题。由文章第四段“On Thursday afternn, Yang Yuguang, a senir space industry bserver and vice-chair f the Internatinal Astrnautical Federatin’s Space Transprtatin Cmmittee, had said that despite this being Jing’s first spacewalk, he shuld have n prblem in cmpleting the peratin because he is an experienced astrnaut and has been missin cmmander three times. “Jing has knwn hw t deal with difficult tasks and has rich experience in cntrlling challenging r risky situatins, which will help him when he carries ut the spacewalk,” Yang said.” Zhu was a teacher at the Space Engineering University befre he became an astrnaut, s he has expert knwledge in spacecraft engineering and peratins,” Yang added. (周四下午，资深航天观察员、国际宇航联合会空间运输委员会副主席杨宇光表示，尽管这是景的第一次太空行走，但他应该没有问题，因为他是一名经验丰富的宇航员，已经三次担任任务指挥官。“景已经知道如何处理困难的任务，并在控制具有挑战性或风险的情况方面拥有丰富的经验，这将有助于他进行太空行走，”杨说。朱在成为宇航员之前是空间工程大学的一名教师，所以他在航天器工程和操作方面有专业知识。”)”可知，中国神舟十六号载人飞船的宇航员是非常有经验的。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“The Shenzhu XVI members cmpleted their first spacewalk n Thursday, equipping and adjusting (调整)camera devices utside the Tiangng space statin, accrding t the China Manned Space Agency. (据中国载人航天局称，神舟十六号成员于周四完成了首次太空行走，在天宫空间站外安装并调整了相机设备。)”可知，神舟十六号成员于周四完成了首次太空行走，从而引出对于这次行走的相关细节，故全文阐述了中国神舟十六号载人飞船的宇航员完成了首次太空行走任务。故选D。
A new study, published in the jurnal Sleep Health, has suggested that taking a shrt nap (小睡)during the day may help t prtect the brain’s health as it ages, after finding the practice appears t be related t larger brain vlume (容量).
While previus research has suggested lng naps culd be an early sign f Alzheimer’s disease, ther research has shwed that a brief nap can imprve peple’s ability t learn. Nw researchers say they have fund evidence t suggest that napping may help t prtect against brain’s dwindling, a prcess that ccurs with age and is faster in peple with cgnitive (认知的)issues and neurdegenerative (神经变性的)diseases.
Researchers at University Cllege Lndn(UCL)and the University f the Republic in Uruguay drew n data frm the UK Bibank study that had cllected lifestyle and health infrmatin frm 500,000 peple aged 40 t 69. “Overall, we fund a cnnectin between habitual daytime napping and larger ttal brain vlume equal in 2.6 t 6.5 fewer years f ageing, which culd suggest that napping regularly prvides sme prtectin against neurdege neratin thrugh making up fr pr sleep,“ said Dr Victria Garfield, a c-authr f the study frm UCL.” A shrt daytime nap culd help preserve brain vlume and that’s a psitive thing, ptentially fr dementia preventin,” said Garfield, adding that previus research suggested a perid f up t 30 minutes may be beneficial.
But the study is based n data nly frm Eurpean, and the exact perid f naps cnnected with the benefits are unclear. Tara Spires-Jnes, the president f the British Neurscience Assciatin welcmed the study, althugh she said it had limitatins including that the self-reprted napping habits f the UK Bibank peple wh tk part may nt be entirely accurate. “This study is imprtant because it adds t the data indicating sleep is imprtant fr brain health,” she said.
5．What is the new study mainly abut?
A．The benefits f daytime naps.B．Cgnitive issues.
C．Alzheimer’s disease.D．Brain vlume.
6．What des the underlined wrd “dwindling” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Disappearing.B．Imprving.C．Cntinuing.D．Reducing.
7．Hw did the researchers cnduct their research?
A．By cmparing.B．By studying cllected data.
C．By referring t histry bks.D．By intrducing an idea.
8．What is Tara’s attitude twards the research?
A．Dubtful.B．Unclear.C．Supprtive.D．Disappinted.
【答案】5．A 6．D 7．B 8．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究认为白天小睡可能有助于保护大脑健康。
5．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“A new study, published in the jurnal Sleep Health, has suggested that taking a shrt nap (小睡)during the day may help t prtect the brain’s health as it ages(发表在《睡眠健康》杂志上的一项新研究表明，白天小睡一会儿可能有助于保护大脑在衰老过程中的健康)”可知，这项新研究主要是关于白天小睡有助于大脑的健康，即白天小睡的好处。故选A。
6．词义猜测题。由文章第二段中“ther research has shwed that a brief nap can imprve peple’s ability t learn. Nw researchers say they have fund evidence t suggest that napping may help t prtect against brain’s...(短暂的午睡可以提高人们的学习能力。现在研究人员说，他们已经找到证据表明，午睡可能有助于防止大脑……) ”以及后文“a prcess that ccurs with age and is faster in peple with cgnitive (认知的)issues and neurdegenerative (神经变性的)diseases.(这一过程随着年龄的增长而发生，患有认知问题和神经退行性疾病的人更快。)”可知，这一过程指的是大脑萎缩，分析句子结构可知，而后文是对“brain’s dwindling”的解释。A. Disappearing消失，消亡；B. Imprving改善，改进；C. Cntinuing.继续；D. Reducing减少。结合选项可知，答案为D。
7．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Researchers at University Cllege Lndn(UCL)and the University f the Republic in Uruguay drew n data frm the UK Bibank study that had cllected lifestyle and health infrmatin frm 500,000 peple aged 40 t 69. (伦敦大学学院(UCL)和乌拉圭共和国大学的研究人员利用了英国生物银行研究的数据，该研究收集了50万名年龄在40岁至69岁之间的人的生活方式和健康信息。)”可知，研究人员利用了收集的数据进行研究。故选B。
8．推理判断题。由文章第四段中“Tara Spires-Jnes, the president f the British Neurscience Assciatin welcmed the study(英国神经科学协会(British Neurscience Assciatin)主席塔拉•斯皮尔斯-琼斯(Tara Spires-Jnes)对这项研究表示欢迎)”可知，塔拉欢迎这项研究。故选C。
When I was tw years ld, my parents were still getting used t the lifestyle f raising a kid, but what they had nticed was what they cnsidered “ut f the rdinary” behavir. Whatever tys I played with, I placed them in a straight line. When thers were unfriendly t me, I became changeable. My diagnsis (诊断) was in 1999, a time when a type f autism (孤独症) called PDD-NOS was still nt cmmnly understd and was still being bserved. My parents were initially shcked at this result.
As I gt lder, I began t develp frm keeping t myself t interacting with ther kids nce I entered a public schl in first grade. I nticed hw the ther kids were able t answer questins in class a lt faster than I culd understand. Since furth grade, I jined my schl’s marching band, smething I never had any interest in, but my mm made me believe that it was a great way t nt nly make friends, but t help gain mre cnfidence in myself.
At the same time during furth grade, I discvered my talent fr creative writing. I realized, n the day I wrte my first stry abut superheres, my prcessed thinking and my imaginatin prvided a basic feature fr my character: a hidden talent. As the years passed, I helped my fellw classmates with articles, and I even shared the riginal pieces I wrte with my classmates ccasinally, althugh I was still unaware abut my diagnsis.
Hwever, ne day when I was fifteen years ld, I learned the real truth abut myself. My parents kept it frm me because they thught it wuld affect my self-respect. I understd why they’d hide this frm me because they really lve me, and ever since then, I’ve accepted wh I am, and I use my talents t help thers wh need a friend.
9．What happened t the authr when he was tw years ld?
A．He liked playing tys.B．He behaved uncmmnly
C．He fund a new hbby.D．He ften felt shcked
10．What can be inferred abut the authr’s mther frm paragraph 2?
A．She kept in tuch with the schl marching band.
B．She was cncerned abut the authr’s grades.
C．She requested the authr’s classmates t assist him.
D．She helped the authr t grw psitively.
11．What is the main idea f paragraph 3?
A．The authr sptted and made use f his strength.
B．The authr wrte many stries abut superheres.
C．The authr gt badly n with his classmates.
D．The authr published sme riginals.
12．Which f the fllwing can best describe the authr?
A．Caring and helpful.B．Strict and curius.
C．Careful and passive.D．Humrus and hnest.
【答案】9．B 10．D 11．A 12．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者小时候患有孤独症，在父母的鼓励下，发展了自己的技能，并在生活中帮助他人。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When I was tw years ld, my parents were still getting used t the lifestyle f raising a kid, but what they had nticed was what they cnsidered “ut f the rdinary” behavir.(当我两岁的时候，我的父母还在适应抚养孩子的生活方式，但他们注意到的是他们认为“不寻常”的行为。)”可知，当作者两岁的时候，他的行为不寻常。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Since furth grade, I jined my schl’s marching band, smething I never had any interest in, but my mm made me believe that it was a great way t nt nly make friends, but t help gain mre cnfidence in myself.(从四年级开始，我加入了学校的游行乐队，这是我从未感兴趣的事情，但我妈妈让我相信，这不仅是交朋友的好方法，而且可以帮助我获得更多的自信。)”可知，从第二段我们可以推理出作者的妈妈帮助作者积极成长。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“At the same time during furth grade, I discvered my talent fr creative writing. I realized, n the day I wrte my first stry abut superheres, my prcessed thinking and my imaginatin prvided a basic feature fr my character: a hidden talent. As the years passed, I helped my fellw classmates with articles, and I even shared the riginal pieces I wrte with my classmates ccasinally, althugh I was still unaware abut my diagnsis.( 与此同时，在四年级的时候，我发现了自己在创意写作方面的天赋。我意识到，在我写第一篇关于超级英雄的故事的那天，我经过加工的思维和想象力为我的角色提供了一个基本特征：一种隐藏的才能。随着时间的推移，我帮助我的同学写文章，我甚至偶尔与我的同学分享我写的原创文章，尽管我还没有意识到我的诊断。)”可知，第三段主要讲了作者发现并利用了他的特长。故选A。
12．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“As the years passed, I helped my fellw classmates with articles, and I even shared the riginal pieces I wrte with my classmates ccasinally, althugh I was still unaware abut my diagnsis.(随着时间的推移，我帮助我的同学写文章，我甚至偶尔与我的同学分享我写的原创文章，尽管我还不知道我的诊断。)”和文章最后一段“Hwever, ne day when I was fifteen years ld, I learned the real truth abut myself. My parents kept it frm me because they thught it wuld affect my self-respect. I understd why they’d hide this frm me because they really lve me, and ever since then, I’ve accepted wh I am, and I use my talents t help thers wh need a friend.(然而，有一天，当我十五岁的时候，我了解了自己的真实情况。我父母没有告诉我，因为他们认为这会影响我的自尊。我明白他们为什么要瞒着我，因为他们真的爱我，从那以后，我接受了我自己，我用我的才能去帮助那些需要朋友的人。)”可知，作者是善解人意并且乐于助人的。故选A。
Eggs have been a symbl f fertility since ancient times, when they represented the rebirth f new life during the spring equinx (昼夜平分点) and the arrival f a new seasn after a lng dark winter. In the Christian religin, eggs symblize Jesus and his cming back t life.
Because eggs are such an imprtant symbl f Easter, it’s natural that many Easter traditins arund the wrld have smething t d with eggs. In the city f Zenica in Bsnia and Herzegvina, there is a special celebratin knwn as Cimburijada, which marks bth the Easter hliday and the beginning f spring. This festival, als knwn as the Festival f Scrambled (炒的) Eggs, takes place every spring in a park n the Bsnia River. Thusands f peple, bth lcals and turists, gather in the park at dawn. There, chefs scramble thusands f eggs in huge metal pans. The eggs will be shared with everyne. Later, the entire twn participates in a barbecue and party with live music. Brave peple als thrw themselves int the cld spring waters f the Bsnia River fr the first swim f the year.
The Festival f Scrambled Eggs isn’t the nly eggy festival that takes place arund Easter. Every year n the Mnday fllwing Easter Sunday, in Bessieres, France, chefs frm the Giant Omelet Brtherhd f Bessieres gather and create a giant melet (煎蛋卷) using 15, 000 fresh eggs. Legend has it that when the plitical leader Naplen Bnaparte and his huge army were traveling thrugh France, they spent ne night near Bessieres. Naplen had an melet there, prepared by a lcal ck, and he liked it s much that he rdered the lcal peple t gather all the eggs in the village and make a giant melet fr his army the next day.
Eggs play a big rle in Easter celebratins arund the wrld. S if that bx f fresh eggs falls n the flr befre yu can clr them, just create yur wn scrambled egg festival.
13．What d eggs symblize accrding t the text?
A．The arrival f a dark seasn.B．An ability t supprt life.
C．Newly-brn life t earth.D．The beginning f Easter.
14．What d we knw abut the Festival f Scrambled Eggs?
A．It bserves the Easter and the start f spring.
B．It takes place in a park and nly lcals participate.
C．All the peple scramble eggs tgether t share the fun.
D．Brave peple are thrwn int the cld waters t celebrate it.
15．What is the Giant Omelet Brtherhd f Bessieres?
A．A dish.B．A ck.C．A festival.D．An rganizatin.
16．What is in cmmn between the tw festivals?
A．Bth are held in a park.B．They bth fall in winter.
C．Eggs are cked by chefs.D．Similar activities are held.
【答案】13．C 14．A 15．D 16．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是与鸡蛋相关的节日。
13．细节理解题。根据首段“Eggs have been a symbl f fertility since ancient times, when they represented the rebirth f new life during the spring equinx (昼夜平分点) and the arrival f a new seasn after a lng dark winter. In the Christian religin, eggs symblize Jesus and his cming back t life.(自古以来，鸡蛋一直是生育的象征，它们代表着春分期间新生命的重生，以及漫长黑暗的冬天之后新季节的到来。在基督教中，鸡蛋象征着耶稣和他的复活。)”可知，自古以来鸡蛋代表着新生命的重生，而在基督教中，鸡蛋象征着耶稣的复活，由此可知，鸡蛋象征着地球上的新生生命。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In the city f Zenica in Bsnia and Herzegvina, there is a special celebratin knwn as Cimburijada, which marks bth the Easter hliday and the beginning f spring. This festival, als knwn as the Festival f Scrambled (炒的) Eggs, takes place every spring in a park n the Bsnia River.(在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的泽尼察市，有一个被称为Cimburijada的特殊庆祝活动，它标志着复活节和春天的开始。这个节日，也被称为炒蛋节，每年春天在波斯尼亚河边的一个公园举行。)”可知，炒蛋节标志着复活节和春天的开始，每年在波斯尼亚河边的公园进行，由此可知，炒蛋节是庆祝复活节和春天的开始。故选A项。
15．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Every year n the Mnday fllwing Easter Sunday, in Bessieres, France, chefs frm the Giant Omelet Brtherhd f Bessieres gather and create a giant melet (煎蛋卷) using 15, 000 fresh eggs.(每年复活节后的星期一，在法国贝西埃尔，来自贝西埃尔巨型煎蛋卷兄弟会的厨师们聚集在一起，用1.5万个新鲜鸡蛋制作一个巨型煎蛋卷。)”可知，一些来自于the Giant Omelet Brtherhd f Bessieres的厨师聚在一起制作巨型煎蛋卷，由此可推断，the Giant Omelet Brtherhd f Bessieres应该是一个组织。故选D项。
16．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This festival, als knwn as the Festival f Scrambled (炒的) Eggs, takes place every spring in a park n the Bsnia River. Thusands f peple, bth lcals and turists, gather in the park at dawn. There, chefs scramble thusands f eggs in huge metal pans.(这个节日，也被称为炒蛋节，每年春天在波斯尼亚河边的一个公园举行。黎明时分，成千上万的当地人和游客聚集在公园里。在那里，厨师们在巨大的金属锅里炒几千个鸡蛋。)”可知，炒蛋节时，厨师们会在巨大的金属锅里炒鸡蛋，根据第三段中的“Every year n the Mnday fllwing Easter Sunday, in Bessieres, France, chefs frm the Giant Omelet Brtherhd f Bessieres gather and create a giant melet (煎蛋卷) using 15, 000 fresh eggs.(每年复活节后的星期一，在法国贝西埃尔，来自贝西埃尔巨型煎蛋卷兄弟会的厨师们聚集在一起，用1.5万个新鲜鸡蛋制作一个巨型煎蛋卷。)”可知，很多厨师聚在一起，用鸡蛋制作一个巨型煎蛋卷，由此可知，这两个节日的共同点是鸡蛋是厨师做的。故选C项。
Family vlgging — the frequent recrding and uplading f persnal vides f the family, usually n vide sharing website — has becme big business nwadays, especially amng parents f yung children. The mre viewers such vides can get, the mre mney the family can make. At first thught, it des seem like an easy way t make mney. Hwever, are we ding right by putting their lives up fr public attentin?
Fr ne thing, as the children grw up, they increasingly becme aware that what they d needs t be admirable enugh fr the public t enjy — Being yung children, they als wuld want t d whatever it takes t please thers. They then feel the pressure t be perfect, and as that is smething nt always pssible, they becme anxius and stressed. Cmments frm viewers and the expectatins f spnsrs (赞助者) can als affect the parents’ reactins twards their children.
Anther prblem is the lack f privacy in the children’s lives. As the children reach adlescence, there is a greaser need fr persnal space. At 12 r 13, very few children wuld appreciate being filmed while eating r having a cnversatin with their friends. Teenhd is a time f significant change in an individual, bth physically and emtinally, and is a time when parents need t prtect their children and guide them, instead f expsing them t the eyes f the public.
Family vlgging can be irresistible, given hw it allws parents t bring greater fun t their family lives. There is als the easy mney and the fame t lk frward t. Indeed, all wuld prbably g well, but nly as lng as parents keep in mind that, if nt managed well, making their children live their lives in the unfrgiving eyes f the public culd prve t be a big mistake.
17．Hw des vlgging abut children’s lives influence the family?
A．Children will get used t public attentin.
B．Children may suffer frm t much pressure.
C．Parents may shw n cncern fr their children.
D．Parents becme addicted t expsing their children t the public.
18．Hw des the writer mainly develp his argument?
A．By prviding examplesB．By listing numbers
C．By making cmparisnsD．By analyzing causes
19．What’s the writer’s purpse f writing the text?
A．T intrduce a new big business
B．T shw hw vlgging influence peple’s lives.
C．T persuade parents t watch ut fr cmments frm viewers.
D．T cnvince parents f the danger f vlgging abut children’s lives.
20．What’s the writer’s attitude t vlgging abut children’s lives?
A．negativeB．psitiveC．neutralD．uninterested
【答案】17．B 18．D 19．D 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要分析了家庭视频微博中把孩子的生活公之于众对孩子的影响，以此让家长相信关于孩子生活的视频微博存在的危险。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fr ne thing, as the children grw up, they increasingly becme aware that what they d needs t be admirable enugh fr the public t enjy — Being yung children, they als wuld want t d whatever it takes t please thers. They then feel the pressure t be perfect, and as that is smething nt always pssible, they becme anxius and stressed. (一方面，随着孩子们的成长，他们越来越意识到他们所做的事情需要足够令人钦佩，以供公众欣赏——作为孩子，他们也会想尽一切办法取悦别人。然后，他们会感到要完美的压力，因为这并不总是可能的，他们变得焦虑和压力。)”可知，孩子们为了取悦于公众，他们会感到要完美的压力，从而变得焦虑和压力，所以关于孩子的视频博客会让孩子感到很大的压力。故选B项。
18．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Fr ne thing, as the children grw up, they increasingly becme aware that what they d needs t be admirable enugh fr the public t enjy — Being yung children, they als wuld want t d whatever it takes t please thers. (一方面，随着孩子们的成长，他们越来越意识到他们所做的事情需要足够令人钦佩，以供公众欣赏——作为孩子，他们也会想尽一切办法取悦别人。)”以及第三段中的“Anther prblem is the lack f privacy in the children’s lives. As the children reach adlescence, there is a greaser need fr persnal space.(另一个问题是孩子们生活中缺乏隐私。随着孩子们进入青春期，他们对个人空间的需求越来越大。)”可知，作者在首段陈述观点后，在下文中从两个方面分析了家庭视频博客将关于孩子生活的视频公布于众产生的一些问题，所以，作者是通过分析原因的方式来展开他的论点的。故选D项。
19．推理判断题。根据首段中的“Hwever, are we ding right by putting their lives up fr public attentin?(然而，我们把他们的生活公之于众是对的吗?)”可知，作者在首段用提问的方式引出本文的主题——把孩子的生活公之于众，对吗？接下来从两个方面分析了家庭视频博客将孩子的生活公之于众存在的问题，结合尾段中的“Indeed, all wuld prbably g well, but nly as lng as parents keep in mind that, if nt managed well, making their children live their lives in the unfrgiving eyes f the public culd prve t be a big mistake.(事实上，一切都可能顺利进行，但前提是父母要记住，如果管理不善，让孩子在公众无情的目光下生活可能会是一个巨大的错误。)”可知，作者提醒家长，如果管理不善，把孩子公之于众可能是一个巨大的错误，所以本文的目的是让家长相信关于孩子生活的视频微博是有危险的。故选D项。
20．推理判断题。根据首段中的“Hwever, are we ding right by putting their lives up fr public attentin?(然而，我们把他们的生活公之于众是对的吗?)”可知，作者在首段用提问的方式引出本文的主题，说明作者对此做法持怀疑态度，结合尾段中的“Indeed, all wuld prbably g well, but nly as lng as parents keep in mind that, if nt managed well, making their children live their lives in the unfrgiving eyes f the public culd prve t be a big mistake.(事实上，一切都可能顺利进行，但前提是父母要记住，如果管理不善，让孩子在公众无情的目光下生活可能会是一个巨大的错误。)”可知，作者通过分析，向家长阐明，如果管理不善，把孩子公之于众可能是一个巨大的错误，由此可推断，作者对关于孩子生活的家庭视频微博持否定的态度。故选A项。
Seba Stephens is nly 10 years ld, but he’s a very talented musician. He plays drums, bass, guitar and pian. Recently, he earned a prfessinal certificate (证书) in music thrugh the Berklee Online prgram at the famus Berklee Cllege f Music.
Seba and his family live in Memphis, Tennessee — a place famus fr music. He grew up with music all arund, but he especially lved the drumming f Stewart Cpeland frm the band The Plice.
Befre he turned three, his parents asked him what he wanted fr his birthday. “Drums!” he answered. His parents weren’t sure, but after seeing him play the drums at a lcal music stre, they decided he was serius. They bught him a junir drum kit. It was a huge step. “He didn’t stp playing — ever,” said his dad, Everett.
In just a few mnths, his drum teacher reprted that Seba was learning extremely quickly and needed a higher level f training. He was still fur.
Seba’s parents encuraged him t explre music in ther ways. Seba learned bass, guitar and pian. He faced challenges. “I culdn’t see ver my drum set,” he said. He als had truble finding a gd bass that was small enugh,
In 2020, Everett gt special permissin fr Seba t jin a summer music prgram at Berklee as an 8-year-ld by. Seba studied bass in an nline prgram. T keep up, he had t practise up t 36 hurs a week.
After the intense summer, Everett thught Seba might want a break. He was wrng. Instead, Seba asked his parents t hme-schl him s he culd keep ging t Berklee during the schl year. His parents had t make sme big changes t make the plan wrk, but they agreed.
Last May, Seba became the yungest persn ever t receive a prfessinal certificate frm Berklee. The certificate is equal t abut fur cllege-level classes.
21．What is Stewart Cpeland?
A．A teacher.B．A drummer.C．A pianist.D．A sldier.
22．Hw ld was Seba Stephens when he gt his first drum?
A．Three years ld.B．Fur years ld.
C．Eight years ld.D．Ten years ld.
23．What were challenges fr little Seba?
A．N time t practise.B．Many things t learn.
C．Difficulties in finding prper instruments.D．The requests made by the teacher.
24．What may be the best title fr the text?
A．The Musical Jurney f a Famus Musician
B．An Online Prgram at Berklee Cllege f Music
C．A Teenage Drummer Inspires Kids’ Music Educatin
D．A 10-year-ld Drummer Earns Certificate Frm Berklee
【答案】21．B 22．A 23．C 24．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了一个十岁的天才鼓手最近获得了伯克利音乐学院的专业证书的故事。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段“He grew up with music all arund, but he especially lved the drumming f Stewart Cpeland frm the band The Plice.(他在音乐的围绕中长大，但他特别喜欢来自The Plice乐队的Stewart Cpeland打鼓)”可知，Stewart Cpeland是一个鼓手。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段“Befre he turned three, his parents asked him what he wanted fr his birthday. ‘Drums!’ he answered. His parents weren’t sure, but after seeing him play the drums at a lcal music stre, they decided he was serius. They bught him a junir drum kit.(在他三岁之前，他的父母问他想要什么生日礼物。‘鼓！’他回答说。他的父母并不确定，但在当地一家音乐商店看到他打鼓后，他们认为他是认真的。他们给他买了一套初级架子鼓)”可知，Seba Stephens三岁就拥有了他的第一只鼓。故选A。
23．推理判断题。根据第五段“He faced challenges. ‘I culdn’t see ver my drum set,’ he said. He als had truble finding a gd bass that was small enugh.(他面临着挑战。‘我的架子鼓挡住了我的视线，’他说。他也很难找到一个足够小的好贝斯)”可推断，Seba Stephens的困难是他的个头对于乐器来说太小了。故选C。
24．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Seba Stephens is nly 10 years ld, but he’s a very talented musician.(Seba Stephens只有10岁，但他是一个非常有天赋的音乐家)”和最后一段中“Last May, Seba became the yungest persn ever t receive a prfessinal certificate frm Berklee.(去年5月，Seba成为有史以来最年轻的获得伯克利专业证书的人)”可知，文章主要介绍了一个十岁的天才鼓手最近获得了伯克利音乐学院的专业证书的故事。故选D。
Peter, 60, lved his jb as a bus driver. He had been ne almst all his life, lving the cmpany f the little children wh rde his bus daily. It made him feel yunger and mre energetic. His recrd was clean, withut ne accident r mishap (小事故) during his tenure (任期), which made him a trustwrthy driver.
Hwever, Mr. Clark, Peter’s bss, was cncerned and thught that it was time fr him t retire. “Yu dn’t have a chice here, Peter,” he said seriusly. “We dn’t want t invite any risk t the children wh take yur bus every day. We need a replacement at this stage.”
“But I have a perfect recrd,” argued Peter. “Yu knw, fr an elderly man like me, my jb is the nly thing that keeps me alive. I want t keep my jb. ”
“Wuld yu take respnsibility if smething bad happened t thse children?” Mr. Clark said.
Peter thught it ver, and very reluctantly, he gave in t Mr. Clark’s request. Peter decided t retire a week later.
His retirement day apprached pretty sn. The day befre his last day, Peter was drpping ff the kids at his first stp when he lked ut f the windw and saw a lady n the rad wh had fainted (昏厥). He asked the kids nt t leave the bus and gt dwn t help the wman.
Just when he finished, he heard screams behind him. The children were lking ut f the windw and screaming, “Fire! Fire! Help!” “Hw culd that have happened?” Peter was shaking in fear. With trembling hands, Peter dialed 911 and rushed t help the children. Peter cvered himself with his jacket and burst int the flaming bus. He tk the children ut f the burning bus ne by ne. Thankfully, the firefighters arrived sn and helped Peter, saving all students.
The next day, Peter saw the entire schl gathered in frnt f his hme. When Peter apprached them, Mr. Clark started clapping and everyne jined him. “Yu are a her, Peter! Yu saved the lives f thse yung children,” he said. “Yu are the best driver. We hpe yu can keep the jb!”
25．What made Mr. Clark cncerned?
A．He culdn’t persuade Peter t retire.
B．Taking schl bus was unsafe fr children.
C．Peter was t ld t be a schl bus driver.
D．The schl bus driver must be changed regularly.
26．What des the underlined “reluctantly” mean in Paragraph 5?
A．Angrily.B．Unwillingly.
C．DubtfullyD．Hesitantly.
27．Why were the children screaming?
A．They culdn’t find Peter n the bus.B．They were caught in the burning bus.
C．They were frightened by the wman.D．They didn’t want a new schl bus driver.
28．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Putting ut the fireB．An ld her driver
C．Wrking after retirementD．Dangerus jurney n schl bus
【答案】25．C 26．B 27．B 28．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Peter是一位校车司机，但是他的老板认为他已经到了退休年龄，开车不安全，所以要求他退休，Peter很舍不得离开这个岗位，在工作的最后一天，他下车去救一位晕倒的女士，回来后发现校车着火了，于是他冒火将孩子从校车中救出来，家长们都为他鼓掌，让他继续当校车司机。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Hwever, Mr. Clark, Peter’s bss, was cncerned and thught that it was time fr him t retire.(然而，彼得的老板克拉克先生很担心，认为他是时候退休了)”可知，Mr. Clark认为彼得到了退休的年龄了。由此可知，他担心彼得太老了，当不了校车司机。故选C。
26．词句猜测题。根据第三段““But I have a perfect recrd,” argued Peter. “Yu knw, fr an elderly man like me, my jb is the nly thing that keeps me alive. I want t keep my jb.”(“但是我有一个完美的记录,”彼得争辩道。“你知道，对于像我这样的老人来说，我的工作是唯一能让我活下去的东西。我想保住我的工作。”)”和划线单词下文“he gave in t Mr. Clark’s request. Peter decided t retire a week later.(他答应了克拉克先生的要求。彼得决定一个星期后退休)”可知，彼得不想退休，还想继续当司机。由此推知，他不情愿地答应了克拉克先生让他退休的决定，划线单词reluctantly意为“不乐意地”，故选B。
27．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The children were lking ut f the windw and screaming, “Fire! Fire! Help!”( 孩子们看着窗外，尖叫着，“着火了！着火了！救命！”) ”和“Peter cvered himself with his jacket and burst int the flaming bus. (彼得披上夹克，冲进着火的公共汽车)”可知，孩子们尖叫是因为他们被困在着火的公共汽车里。故选B。
28．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Peter是一位校车司机，但是他的老板认为他已经到了退休年龄，开车不安全，所以要求他退休，Peter很舍不得离开这个岗位，在工作的最后一天，他下车去救一位晕倒的女士，回来后发现校车着火了，于是他冒险将孩子从校车中救出来，家长们都为他鼓掌，让他继续当校车司机。由此可知，B项“ 一个英雄驾驶员”适合作文章标题，故选B。
Mnths ag, a 76-year-ld wman named Marie Byer fell in her huse. Fr days, she was incapable f mving. Because her windws were clsed, n ne culd hear her cry ut.
On the furth day, her regular mail carrier, Lisa Sweeney, returned frm vacatin and nticed smething wrng. Thugh she and Marie hadn’t had much cnversatin ver the years, Lisa knew her custmer’s habits. The mails in the mailbx, untuched garbage cans in frnt f the huse and the car in the driveway were clear warning signs. She kncked n the dr next t Marie’s, but the man in the huse had been away n vacatin t and didn’t knw anything. “I just had a feeling that Marie was inside,” Lisa says. She called the plice and cntinued n her rute, but kept circling back t Marie’s huse until the plice arrived.
Rescuers brke in thrugh a back windw t discver Marie uncnscius (不省人事的). Learning that Marie was still alive, Lisa burst int tears, s glad that her custmer f 11 years had been rescued.
Since that August day, Marie has mved int an assisted-living facility, but Lisa visits her regularly and still brings her mail. They even celebrated Marie’s 77th birthday at a restaurant acrss the street. Lisa’s sn has been knwn t stp by t see Marie t. The clse cnnectin frged that summer day cntinues strnger than ever.
On Thanksgiving Day, Lisa’s hme held extra guests: Marie and her sn, daughter-in-law and daughter. It was their first Thanksgiving tgether as a family since Marie’s wn mther passed away. Lisa brught Marie ver early t watch the prgramme n TV tgether as well as ne f the turkeys frying utside. Marie als gt in sme quality animal time with Lisa’s six cats and ne dg.
Due t Lisa’s ffer t step frward, Marie is frtunate t have a new life. “Actually, it’s lucky fr me t. My life has becme mre clrful and happier because I have a new family member: Marie,” Lisa says.
29．Why did Lisa knck n the dr f Marie’s neighbr?
A．T ask abut Marie’s habits.B．T tell him t call the plice.
C．T remind him t cllect his mails.D．T knw what had happened t Marie.
30．Why did Lisa cry n that August day?
A．She was ashamed f her mistake.B．She was wrried abut the late mails.
C．She was scared f rescuers’ rude behaviur.D．She was t happy fr Marie’s being saved.
31．What des the underlined wrd “frged” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Destryed.B．Built.C．Affected.D．Judged.
32．What d Lisa’s wrds in the last paragraph shw?
A．She feels grateful fr having Marie as her family.
B．Marie’s family treated her well after the accident.
C．It’s a little difficult fr Marie t start a new life.
D．Family members shuld always supprt each ther.
【答案】29．D 30．D 31．B 32．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了身为邮递员的Lisa Sweeney多年来为Marie Byer投递邮件，但是两人的交流并不多。有一天，Lisa Sweeney发现了Marie Byer似乎有异常，于是打电话报警。当时的Marie Byer因摔倒而昏迷了，正是Lisa Sweeney这一举动救了她。从那以后，两人的关系日渐密切。
29．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Thugh she and Marie hadn’t had much cnversatin ver the years, Lisa knew her custmer’s habits. The mails in the mailbx, untuched garbage cans in frnt f the huse and the car in the driveway were clear warning signs. She kncked n the dr next t Marie’s, but the man in the huse had been away n vacatin t and didn’t knw anything.”（虽然多年来她和玛丽很少交谈，但丽莎知道她的顾客的习惯。信箱里的邮件、门前没动过的垃圾桶和车道上的汽车都是清晰的警告信号。她敲了敲玛丽家隔壁的门，但房子里的男人也出去度假了，什么也不知道。）推断可知，Lisa敲Marie的邻居的门是为了了解Marie的情况。故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Learning that Marie was still alive, Lisa burst int tears, s glad that her custmer f 11 years had been rescued.”（得知玛丽还活着，丽莎泪流满面，很高兴她11年的客户获救了。）可知，Lisa是因玛丽被救了喜极而泣。故选D。
31．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“but Lisa visits her regularly and still brings her mail. They even celebrated Marie’s 77th birthday at a restaurant acrss the street. Lisa’s sn has been knwn t stp by t see Marie t.”（但丽莎还是会定期去看她，并给她送信。她们甚至在街对面的一家餐馆庆祝了玛丽77岁的生日。大家都知道丽莎的儿子也会去看玛丽。）和画线词下文“cntinues strnger than ever”（比以往更加强大）可知，Marie和Lisa从那天（Marie被救）起建立了紧密联系，画线词与built同义。故选B。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Lisa说的话“Actually, it’s lucky fr me t. My life has becme mre clrful and happier because I have a new family member: Marie,”（事实上，我也很幸运。我的生活变得更加丰富多彩和快乐，因为我有了一个新的家庭成员：玛丽。）可知，Marie让Lisa的生活变得更加多彩和幸福。由此可推断，Marie成为了Lisa的家人让Lisa心怀感激。故选A。
In traditinal stick puppet shws in Shanxi, puppeteers hld up and manipulate (操控) the puppets using three rds (杆). The puppets are dressed in traditinal cstumes and frlic (嬉戏) n stage. They are able t change their facial expressins and perfrm cmplicated mvements.
Such art can’t be created withut the painstaking effrt f puppet makers like Wang Mawei, 40, wh is frm Xiayi, Shanxi.
“When I chse puppet-making as a teenager, I gradually fell in lve with it and decided t dedicate myself t the craft,” Wang said. In 2008, Xiayi’s stick puppet plays were added t the natinal intangible cultural heritage list.
It takes 40 t 50 days t make a stick puppet. The average height f a puppet is 75 centimeters t 1 meter, and they have different cstumes t fit varius plays and plts. “T make puppets, yu need t have sensitivity and a basic fundatin in the fine arts,” Wang said.
Traditinal Xiayi puppet plays use the style f lcal peras, which are appealing t the elderly. Years ag, Wang realized that plays must cater t the market. He decided t start with the appearance f the puppets.
Stick puppets are traditinally carved frm wd and are bth time-cnsuming t make and heavy t hld. Wang fund that a special kind f kraft paper is a perfect substitute (替代品). It means craftspeple can put things inside the puppets’ heads t allw them t be perated — the nse, eyes and muth f a puppet can all mve via the use f rds.
Jurney t the West, a classic Chinese nvel, has been frequently adapted in puppet shws. In the tale, the Mnkey King can use his eyes t distinguish mnsters frm rdinary human beings. T recreate this pwer in his shw, Wang makes the Mnkey King puppet sht laser beams (激光) frm his eyes and spit (喷) fire frm his muth.
“It requires time and energy t create a delicate piece f wrk... These puppets are like my wn children and I always take gd care f them,” Wang said.
33．Accrding t Wang Mawei, what specific skills are required fr making stick puppets?
A．Creativity and imaginatin.
B．Patience and physical strength.
C．Sensitivity and a basic knwledge f fine arts.
D．Engineering and technlgical skills.
34．Why did Wang decide t use kraft paper fr making stick puppets?
A．T reduce prductin time and effrt.
B．T make puppets lk mre beautiful.
C．T reduce the csts f making puppets.
D．T make them lighter and easier t perate.
35．Hw des Wang make the Mnkey King puppet unique?
A．By making it sing and dance.
B．By making it spit fire frm its muth.
C．By making it fly acrss the stage.
D．By making it sht laser beams frm its ears.
36．What des the underlined wrd “distinguish” in paragraph 7 mst likely mean?
A．tellB．appreciateC．enjyD．prevent
【答案】33．C 34．D 35．B 36．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了传统木偶戏中木偶的制作者王茂伟。
33．细节理解题。根据第四段““T make puppets, yu need t have sensitivity and a basic fundatin in the fine arts,” Wang said. (“要制作木偶，你需要对美术有敏感性和美术的基础，”王茂伟说。)” 可知，据王茂伟介绍，制作木偶戏需要对美术有敏感性和基本的知识。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据第六段“Stick puppets are traditinally carved frm wd and are bth time-cnsuming t make and heavy t hld. Wang fund that a special kind f kraft paper is a perfect substitute (替代品). It means craftspeple can put things inside the puppets’ heads t allw them t be perated – the nse, eyes and muth f a puppet can all mve via the use f rds. (木偶戏传统上是用木头雕刻而成的，制作耗时长，拿起来又很重。王茂伟发现，一种特殊的牛皮纸是一种完美的替代品。这意味着工匠们可以在木偶的头上放一些东西，以便操作——木偶的鼻子、眼睛和嘴巴都可以通过操纵杆移动。)”可知，王茂伟决定用牛皮纸制作木偶是因为能使木偶更轻，更容易操作。故选D。
35．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Jurney t the West, a classic Chinese nvel, has been frequently adapted in puppet shws. In the tale, the Mnkey King can use his eyes t distinguish mnsters frm rdinary human beings. T recreate this pwer in his shw, Wang makes the Mnkey King puppet sht laser beams (激光) frm his eyes and spit (喷) fire frm his muth. (中国经典小说《西游记》经常被改编成木偶剧。在这个故事中，孙悟空可以用他的眼睛distinguish怪物和普通人。为了在他的表演中重现这种力量，王茂伟让孙悟空从他的眼睛里射出激光束，从他的嘴里吐火。)”可知，王茂伟让孙悟空木偶从嘴里喷出火来，这让孙悟空木偶看起来是独一无二的，故选B。
36．词句猜测题。根据划线句“In the tale, the Mnkey King can use his eyes t distinguish mnsters frm rdinary human beings. (在这个故事中，孙悟空可以用他的眼睛distinguish怪物和普通人。)”和常识可知，孙悟空的眼睛可以区分怪物和普通人，distinguish意为“区分”，A. tell区分，辨别；B. appreciate欣赏；C. enjy喜欢；D. prevent阻止。故选A。
Chinese fancy knts (中国结), als called Chinese knts, are very imprtant in Chinese culture. They began as a frm f traditinal art in the Tang and Sng Dynasties (朝代) in China, and became ppular in the Ming Dynasty. Lng ag, they fund their way t Japan and ther Sutheast Asian cuntries, and were well received there. Nw they are regarded as ne f the symbls f Chinese culture.
As fr the name itself, it is surely meaningful. The Chinese wrd fr “knt”, jie, means “cnnectin”. And the prnunciatin f the Chinese wrd jie is very clse t that f ji, “gd luck”. As a result, Chinese knts are used as a way t express peple’s strng wishes fr marvellus things like happiness, lve and gd luck.
The knts are used widely in everyday life. They cme in different sizes. Small nes are cnnected t jewellery (珠宝), clthes and gifts in rder t draw peple’s attentin, while large nes are used t make a living rm r study mre beautiful. Whether large r small, they are named after their shapes and usages. Fr example, Duble Cin Knts are called Shuangqian Jie because they are in the shape f tw ancient Chinese cins, meaning “gd things cme in pairs”. Besides, Chinese knts are famus fr their bright clrs. Different clrs have different traditinal cultural meanings. Red means gd luck and happiness, green means health, and yellw means wealth.
All in all, the famus Chinese fancy knts fully shw the Chinese culture. These brightly clred knts with their endless chains (链条) f knts mean that life n earth will cntinue frever.
37．What did the writer want t express in this passage?
A．Ask peple t buy Chinese fancy knts.
B．Intrduce a traditinal Chinese art frm.
C．Teach peple hw t make a Chinese knt.
D．Describe the usages f Chinese fancy knts.
38．Duble Cin Knts are called Shuangqian Jie because f its .
A．prnunciatinB．sizeC．shape and meaningD．clr
39．Which is right accrding t the passage?
A．The Chinese wrd fr “knt” means “luck”.
B．Chinese knts became ppular in the Sng Dynasty.
C．All f the Chinese knts have the same sizes and clrs.
D．Chinese knts mean that life n earth will cntinue frever.
40．What is the best title fr this passage?
A．Chinese CultureB．Chinese KntsC．Chinese ClrsD．Chinese Life
【答案】37．B 38．C 39．D 40．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了介绍一种中国传统艺术形式——中国结，介绍了其起源、传播、样式和文化内涵。
37．推理判断题。根据第一段“Chinese fancy knts(中国结), als called Chinese knts, are very imprtant in Chinese culture.(中国花式结，也被称为中国结，在中国文化中非常重要)”结合下文对其起源、传播、样式和文化内涵的介绍可推知，作者在这篇文章中想介绍一种中国传统艺术形式。故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段“Fr example, Duble Cin Knts are called Shuangqian Jie because they are in the shape f tw ancient Chinese cins, meaning “gd things cme in pairs”.(例如，双币结被称为双钱结，因为它们的形状是中国古代的两个硬币，意思是“好事成双”)”可知，双币结被称为双钱结是因为它的形状和意义。故选C。
39．细节理解题。根据最后一段“These brightly clred knts with their endless chains (链条) f knts mean that life n earth will cntinue frever.(这些色彩鲜艳的结和无尽的结链意味着地球上的生命将永远延续下去)” 可知，中国结意味着地球上的生命将永远延续下去。故选D。
40．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Chinese fancy knts(中国结), als called Chinese knts, are very imprtant in Chinese culture. They began as a frm f traditinal art in the Tang and Sng Dynasties(朝代)in China, and became ppular in the Ming Dynasty. Lng ag, they fund their way t Japan and ther Sutheast Asian cuntries, and were well received there. Nw they are regarded as ne f the symbls f Chinese culture.(中国花式结，也被称为中国结，在中国文化中非常重要。它们起源于中国唐宋时期的一种传统艺术形式，并在明朝流行起来。很久以前，他们找到了通往日本和其他东南亚国家的路，并在那里受到了欢迎。现在它们被视为中国文化的象征之一)”结合本文主要介绍了中国结的其起源、传播、样式和文化内涵可知，本文主要介绍中国结。故B选项“中国结”最符合本文的最佳标题。故选B。
Peple have traditinally been hired based primarily n the degree they earned, the jb they had, r the peple they knew. Skills were nt a big part f the cnversatin in the hiring, r in the ecnmy verall. That’s changing. Wrkers better understand the need t articulate (清晰地表达) the skills they have and the skills they want. And businesses, eager t fill rles in this histrically tight labur market, have started t fcus n whether peple have the skills t get the jb dne. Skills cme first.
We need t take advantage f this mmentum (势头). Skills-first hiring needs t becme the new way t cnnect talent t pprtunity. The Wrld Ecnmic Frum estimates we’ll need t reskill ver ne billin peple by 2030.
Emplyees cnsider pprtunities t learn and grw as the primary driver f great wrk culture, yet ur data shws nly 52% f emplyees feel their manager encurages the use f wrk time t learn new skills. This majr discnnect will start t impact emplyers as the skills-ecnmy cntinues t grw. By caring abut emplyees’ careers, investing in their skills develpment, and helping them transfrm int new rles, cmpanies benefit t. When leaders ffer grwth pprtunities thrugh internal mbility, they keep their emplyees nearly twice as lng as their peers.
A fcus n upskilling needs emplyers t change their cncept f business management. Everyne frm the tp dwn needs t understand hw critical nging learning and upskilling is, nt nly frm an emplyee’s grwth perspective (角度), but als fr maintaining a cmpany’s cmpetitive edge. The rganizatins that keep their emplyees n tp f new technlgies are the nes that will see success in this new wrld f wrk.
Never in the histry f the labur market has been a clear r reliable way t understand whether peple and jbs are matched in the mst efficient way. The labur market has wrked frm sme, but skills can change that. By harnessing (利用) new data and tls that make it easy fr peple and cmpanies t identify talent based n skills, alng with the access t building mre diversified and equitable netwrks, we have the ability t help fill the mst in demand jbs based n what a candidate can d. This will nt nly create greater equity in ur ecnmy, but als greater dynamism. It will create new levels f prgress and prsperity.
41．What des the text mainly discuss?
A．A skills-first labur market is emerging.
B．The skills needed fr jbs have changed.
C．There cmes a marked shift in business demands.
D．The labur market is becming mre cmpetitive.
42．Hw can emplyers benefit frm skill training accrding t the text?
A．It helps imprve the stability f the wrkfrce.
B．It develps emplyers’ decisin-making ability.
C．It is helpful in building excellent crprate culture.
D．It enhances emplyees’ sense f respnsibility.
43．What is a requirement fr upskilling?
A．A netwrk running n the principle f equity.
B．A mentality shift at the management level.
C．The cperatin between labur and management.
D．A system that encurages self-imprvement.
44．What is the purpse f the text?
A．T intrduce the develpment f the labur market.
B．T share a unique view abut the ecnmy.
C．T explain why the wrld f wrk needs t put skills first.
D．T analyze the imprtance f skills t scial prgress.
【答案】41．A 42．A 43．B 44．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了技能优先的劳动力市场的出现。
41．推理判断题。综合全文，尤其是第一段的“Wrkers better understand the need t articulate (清晰地表达) the skills they have and the skills they want. And businesses, eager t fill rles in this histrically tight labur market, have started t fcus n whether peple have the skills t get the jb dne. Skills cme first. (工人们更好地理解了阐明他们拥有的技能和他们想要的技能的必要性。企业急于填补这个历来紧张的劳动力市场的空缺，已开始关注人们是否具备完成工作的技能。技能是第一位的)”可推知，一个技能优先的劳动力市场正在出现。故选A。
42．细节理解题。根据第三段的“When leaders ffer grwth pprtunities thrugh internal mbility, they keep their emplyees nearly twice as lng as their peers. (当领导者通过内部流动提供成长机会时，他们留住员工的时间几乎是同行的两倍)”可知，在重视技术培训的企业里，员工稳定性更好。故选A。
43．细节理解题。根据第四段“A fcus n upskilling needs emplyers t change their cncept f business management. Everyne frm the tp dwn needs t understand hw critical nging learning and upskilling is, nt nly frm an emplyee’s grwth perspective (角度), but als fr maintaining a cmpany’s cmpetitive edge. The rganizatins that keep their emplyees n tp f new technlgies are the nes that will see success in this new wrld f wrk. (注重提高技能需要雇主改变他们的企业管理观念。从上到下的每个人都需要了解持续学习和提升技能的重要性，这不仅是从员工成长的角度来看，也是为了保持公司的竞争优势。让员工掌握新技术的组织将在这个新的工作世界中取得成功)”可知，提高员工技能需要管理层思维方式的转变。故选B。
44．推理判断题。综合全文可知，文章围绕技能优先的劳动力市场展开，分析了重视技术培训之于企业的好处及技术对人才配置的重要作用。由此推知，这篇文章的目的是解释为什么职场需要把技能放在首位。故选C。
As an actr, yu’ve heard it befre: Yur bdy is yur instrument. It’s a cliche fr a reasn—it’s true. Just as a guitar player r vilinist needs t ften fine-tune (微调) their instrument, yu need t d the same. Here, let’s break dwn everything yu shuld learn abut bdy language exercises fr actrs, as well as why they’re necessary in the first place t enhance yur acting skills.
Bdy language is the mst emtive frm f cmmunicatin after verbal speech. Yu can learn s much abut what’s ging n inside based n what’s being externalized. Think abut hw sme entertainment magazines ften ask a “bdy language expert” t analyze a pht f a celebrity cuple. Hwever legit (合法的) that persn’s expertise may be, there are many truths when it cmes t bdy language.
By that same reasning, think abut hw much an audience can learn abut a character based n the actr’s bdy language. Yu can pass n subcnscius (潜意识的) infrmatin abut yur rle withut saying a wrd. These exercises will put yu in tuch with yur bdy and make yu mre aware f what yu’re expressing t the utside wrld. They can help yu get int the physicality f yur character s that yu can understand them inside and ut.
Each perfrmer is different and may have their preferable bdy language exercise. Take gait exercises as an example. Hw a character walks is especially telling; it’s literally hw they mve thrugh the wrld. An individual’s way f walking can als change depending n hw they’re feeling at the mment: excited, sad, scared, etc. Have a bash at different walking styles t shw the persn yu’re playing. Besides, yu can write the gestures. This ne is actually a writing exercise, but it will still cme in handy when we cnstruct a perfrmance. Write ut a shrt scene between tw characters wh have an entire cnversatin using nly their bdy language.
45．What des the authr mean by citing “Yur bdy is yur instrument.”?
A．Keeping healthy needs prper exercise.
B．Learning sme music is necessary fr actrs.
C．Perfecting physical expressin is imprtant fr actrs.
D．Imprving perfrming skills needs prfessinal guidance.
46．What can we learn abut bdy language frm the example in Paragraph 2?
A．It is presented in varius ways.B．It gives us lts f infrmatin.
C．It hides deepest feelings.D．It is likely t be ignred.
47．What is the benefit f taking bdy language exercises fr actrs?
A．Getting int the character yu’re playing.
B．Inspiring yur greater passin fr acting.
C．Having realizatin f yur inner bdy.
D．Receiving mre perfrming chances.
48．Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined part “Have a bash at” in Paragraph 4?
A．Make ut.B．Adapt t.C．Try ut.D．Bring up.
【答案】45．C 46．B 47．A 48．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是演员肢体语言练习的所有内容，以及为什么肢体语言练习对提高演技是必要的。
45．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Yur bdy is yur instrument. It’s a cliche fr a reasn—it’s true. Just as a guitar player r vilinist needs t ften fine-tune (微调) their instrument, yu need t d the same.(你的身体就是你的乐器。这是陈词滥调，是有原因的——这是真的。就像吉他手或小提琴手需要经常微调他们的乐器一样，你也需要这样做。)”可知，吉他手或小提琴手微调乐器是很重要的，是为了更好的表演效果，所以作者引用“你的身体是你的乐器”是想说明完美的身体表达对演员来说很重要。故选C。
46．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Yu can learn s much abut what’s ging n inside based n what’s being externalized. Think abut hw sme entertainment magazines ften ask a “bdy language expert” t analyze a pht f a celebrity cuple. Hwever legit (合法的) that persn’s expertise may be, there are many truths when it cmes t bdy language.(你可以从外化的事物中了解到很多关于内部发生的事情。想想看，一些娱乐杂志经常请“肢体语言专家”来分析名人夫妇的照片。不管那个人的专业知识多么可信，涉及到肢体语言时，还是有很多事实的。)”可知，肢体语言给了我们很多信息。故选B。
47．细节理解题。根据第三段的“These exercises will put yu in tuch with yur bdy and make yu mre aware f what yu’re expressing t the utside wrld. They can help yu get int the physicality f yur character s that yu can understand them inside and ut.(这些练习会让你与你的身体接触，让你更加意识到你在向外界表达什么。他们可以帮助你进入你的角色的身体，这样你就可以从内到外理解他们。)”可知，做肢体语言练习对演员的好处是能够让演员进入所扮演的角色。故选A。
48．词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“different walking styles t shw the persn yu’re playing(不同的走路方式，以显示你所扮演的人)”可知，此处指的是“尝试不同的走路方式来展示你所扮演的角色”，因此划线短语Have a bash at的意思是“尝试”，和Try ut意思相近，故选C。
A recent research study suggests that learning music desn’t make yu smarter.
Fr a while, there was an idea fund n the Internet and in varius magazines that suggested that babies culd becme smarter if they listened t Mzart, r t ther classical music. Inspired, sme parents bught classical CDs fr their babies in the hpe that this wuld bst their intelligence. But this s-called “Mzart Effect” has been challenged repeatedly.
But is taking music lessns surely different frm just listening t music? Wuldn’t taking music lessns make kids smarter? That’s exactly the questin that many researchers ver the years have tried t answer. Sme f their studies cncluded that it des, and sme fund that it desn’t. Fr example, ne study shwed that music educatin did nt imprve reading skills, while anther ne fund a small effect f music n yung children’s ability t learn wrds.
The researchers f the new study, Givanni Sala (Fujita Health University) and Fernand Gbet (Lndn Schl f Ecnmics), lked at the data behind 54 carefully selected studies, and after carefully cmparing the data frm different papers, they cncluded that children wh tk music lessns did nt scre higher n tests that measure their intelligence r academic ability than kids that didn’t learn music.
If music desn’t make yu smarter, hw des that explain ther research that shws that music lessns help students’ schl perfrmance? It seems like there is smething abut music lessns that makes students able t perfrm better in their ther classes. That desn’t have t be intelligence, and it’s likely nt. Music lessns culd have helped in different ways: They culd have led t a change in hmewrk habits, they culd have increased cnfidence, r they culd have imprved scial skills. And finally, they als mentin that music educatin culd still be very beneficial t students’ perfrmance in nn-music subjects if the music is cmbined with these classes. S feel free t keep making music, and keep encuraging children t learn music.
49．What can we learn abut the “Mzart Effect”?
A．It is mst likely t be ineffective.
B．It was first presented by Mzart.
C．It helps parents take gd care f their children.
D．It will draw mre and mre researchers’ attentin.
50．What des the example in paragraph 3 shw?
A．Listening t music benefits kids a lt.
B．Whether music educatin suits all kids remains unknwn,
C．Listening t music fails t help kids in language learning.
D．Whether taking music lessns makes kids smarter is cntrversial.
51．Hw did the researchers carry ut the new study?
A．They did 54 small studies in all.
B．They bserved children in music classes.
C．They examined plenty f previus research.
D．They did a lng-term survey f musical students.
52．What cnclusin is made in the last paragraph?
A．Intelligence determines ne’s schl perfrmance.
B．Music lessns shuld be encuraged fr children.
C．A student’s intelligence can be increased with effrt.
D．Students shuld avid listening t music while studying.
【答案】49．A 50．D 51．C 52．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，学习音乐并不会提高孩子的智商，但是可以帮助孩子在其它方面有更好的表现。
49．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But this s-called ‘Mzart Effect’ has been challenged repeatedly.(但这种所谓的‘莫扎特效应’却一再受到挑战。)”及第四段中的“ cncluded that children wh tk music lessns did nt scre higher n tests that measure their intelligence r academic ability than kids that didn’t learn music.(……他们得出的结论是，上音乐课的孩子在衡量智力或学习能力的测试中的得分并不比不学音乐的孩子高。)”可知，莫扎特效应极有可能是无效的。故选A项。
50．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But is taking music lessns surely different frm just listening t music? Wuldn’t taking music lessns make kids smarter? That’s exactly the questin that many researchers ver the years have tried t answer. Sme f their studies cncluded that it des, and sme fund that it desn’t. (但是，上音乐课和听音乐肯定不同吗？上音乐课难道不会让孩子们变得更聪明吗？这正是多年来许多研究人员试图回答的问题。他们的一些研究得出的结论是确实如此，而一些研究发现事实并非如此。)”可知，该段所列举的例子是为了说明学习音乐会让一个孩子变得更聪明的论点具有争议性。故选D项。
51．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The researchers f the new study, Givanni Sala (Fujita Health University) and Fernand Gbet (Lndn Schl f Ecnmics), lked at the data behind 54 carefully selected studies...(这项新研究的研究人员Givanni Sala（藤田健康大学）和Fernand Gbet（伦敦经济学院）查看了54项精心挑选的研究背后的数据...)”可知，Sala和Gbet是在参考以前的研究数据后总结出了新的研究成果。故选C项。
52．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Music lessns culd have helped in different ways: They culd have led t a change in hmewrk habits, they culd have increased cnfidence, r they culd have imprved scial skills. And finally, they als mentin that music educatin culd still be very beneficial t students’ perfrmance in nn-music subjects if the music is cmbined with these classes. S feel free t keep making music, and keep encuraging children t learn music.(音乐课本可以在不同方面起到帮助作用：它们可以改变家庭作业习惯，增强信心，或者提高社交技能。最后，他们还提到，如果音乐与这些课程相结合，音乐教育仍然对学生在非音乐科目上的表现非常有益。所以，请继续创作音乐，并鼓励孩子们学习音乐。)”可知，新研究表明，虽然学习音乐并不会让一个孩子更聪明，但是可以提升孩子的多种能力，所以还是应该鼓励孩子学音乐。故选B项。
Regardless f where yu are ging, travelling can be quite exciting. Just plan yur trip well, and it shuld be enjyable. Befre yu leave, get all the right paperwrk in rder. Als, keep these tips in mind.
Cnsider yur fd allergies(过敏), if yu have them, when yu are travelling t freign cuntries. The mre severe yur fd allergies are, the mre imprtant it is t learn key fd terms in the lcal language. This way yu can be sure t alert wait staff f yur allergies t specific fds and, in the wrst situatin, be able t infrm medical prfessinals f yur cnditin.
Write dwn all the imprtant infrmatin yu will need when ging verseas. Addresses, phne numbers, names f htels and attractins yu’re visiting shuld all be listed. Yu will need t cntact the embassy if yu have any truble. This will be handy shuld yu have difficulties.
When travelling arund ther cuntries, beware f fraudulent taxis. Be certain that the taxi is a real taxi befre yu enter the car. Anybdy can add a taxi sign t their car, but they might nt be legal.
Fr extra safety when staying in a htel, bring a dr stpper with yu. When yu are n the rad in cuntries with little r n develpment, yu want sme mre security with yu in the rm while sleeping. If there’s n deadblt r chain behind the dr, put a small, wedge drstp under the rm dr befre yu g t bed.
T keep travelling expense within budget, try making them as far ahead as yu can. With s many physical memries available fr purchase when yu travel, ne fact is always true. The sner yu buy them, the cheaper they will be. If yu dn’t shp at the last minute, yu can extend yur travel much mre.
Take yur htel’s business card and put it in yur wallet r purse. This ne little item can save yu and get yu back t where yu need t be in case yu get lst in a freign land. This is particularly true if yu dn’t knw the language very well.
When yu travel, try yur best t educate yur family as much as yu can alng the way. Travelling t freign lands prvides yu with an ideal pprtunity t teach yur children abut the wrkings f the wrld beynd yur wn cuntry, and, with just a few sensible precautins, it is als cmpletely safe. The best way t fster tlerance fr ther cultures in yur children is t spend time in ther cuntries with them.
53．Why is the knwledge f key fd terms in the lcal language s imprtant when travelling t freign cuntries?
A．Because such knwledge can save yu frm pssible danger.
B．Because the wait staff can be infrmed f yur allergies t specific fds.
C．Because medical prfessinals can knw yur cnditin if yu have had fd causing yur allergy.
D．All the abve.
54．The underlined wrd “fraudulent” in the furth paragraph is clsest in meaning t “_______”?
A．dissatisfyingB．unkindC．dishnestD．unpleasant
55．Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE?
A．The first thing yu buy during yur trip is the cheapest.
B．Travelling t a freign cuntry is a gd way f educatin.
C．Withut a drstp in the htel rm while yu sleep yu must be in truble.
D．The htel’s business card is nt necessary if yu are familiar with the lcal language.
56．What’s the main idea f the passage?
A．Tips n hw t be safe while travelling abrad.
B．Travelling—a way t gain knwledge.
C．Ways t keep travelling expense within budget.
D．Htels are very imprtant during yur trip t a freign cuntry.
【答案】53．D 54．C 55．B 56．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何进行一次愉快安全的出国旅行的一些建议。
53．细节理解题。根据第二段“Cnsider yur fd allergies(过敏), if yu have them, when yu are travelling t freign cuntries. The mre severe yur fd allergies are, the mre imprtant it is t learn key fd terms in the lcal language. This way yu can be sure t alert wait staff f yur allergies t specific fds and, in the wrst situatin, be able t infrm medical prfessinals f yur cnditin.(当你去国外旅行时，如果你有食物过敏，考虑一下你的食物过敏问题。你的食物过敏越严重，学习当地语言的关键食物术语就越重要。这样你就可以确保提醒服务员你对特定食物过敏，在最坏的情况下，你可以告诉医疗专业人员你的情况。)”可知，在国外旅行时，了解当地语言的主要食物术语如此重要的原因包括A、B、C项，D项“以上都是。”符合题意。故选D项。
54．词句猜测题。划线词句后文“Be certain that the taxi is a real taxi befre yu enter the car. Anybdy can add a taxi sign t their car, but they might nt be legal.(上车前要确定这是一辆真正的出租车。任何人都可以在自己的车上加一个出租车标志，但这可能是不合法的。)”说明，有的出租车是私家车主在自己的车上加了一个出租车标志，这不是一辆真正的出租车。从而推知划线词句“When travelling arund ther cuntries, beware f fraudulent taxis.( 在其他国家旅行时，要提防fraudulent出租车。)”其中划线词应为“欺诈的”的意思，C项“不诚实的，欺诈的”符合题意。故选C项。
55．细节理解题。根据最后一段“When yu travel, try yur best t educate yur family as much as yu can alng the way. Travelling t freign lands prvides yu with an ideal pprtunity t teach yur children abut the wrkings f the wrld beynd yur wn cuntry, and, with just a few sensible precautins, it is als cmpletely safe. The best way t fster tlerance fr ther cultures in yur children is t spend time in ther cuntries with them.(当你旅行时，在旅途中尽你所能教育你的家人。到国外旅行为你提供了一个理想的机会，让你的孩子了解你自己国家以外的世界是如何运作的，而且，只要采取一些明智的预防措施，这也是完全安全的。培养孩子对其他文化的宽容的最好方法是花时间和他们在其他国家待着。)”可知，去外国旅行是一种很好的教育方式，因此B项正确，符合题意。故选B项。
56．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Regardless f where yu are ging, travelling can be quite exciting. Just plan yur trip well, and it shuld be enjyable. Befre yu leave, get all the right paperwrk in rder. Als, keep these tips in mind.(不管你要去哪里，旅行都是相当令人兴奋的。只要好好计划你的旅行，它应该是愉快的。在你离开之前，把所有正确的文件整理好。同时，记住这些建议。)”以及全文可知，文章主要介绍了如何进行一次愉快安全的出国旅行的一些建议。A项“关于如何安全得出国旅行的建议”概括文章主旨，符合题意。故选A项。
Yu start by running arund the schl track three times t warm up. This is fllwed by exercises r lng jump fr the girls and ftball r basketball fr the bys. That is an average 45 -minute PE class— but d yu really enjy it?
Fr students at the Secnd High Schl Attached t Beijing Nrmal University, sprts classes have experienced a welcme change. Senir 2 students nw learn the traditinal Chinese martial art f swrd-fighting (中国剑术), making PE the mst ppular lessn n the timetable. “The classes used t be bring as we just did the same things again and again,” said Xia Tng. “But nw PE classes are such fun. Swrd-fighting is s cl.” His classmate Wei Jie agrees. “As well as being fun, we learn abut traditinal Chinese culture,” she said. The usual mrning exercises perfrmed t music n the schl playgrund have been replaced by kicking and punching practice (搏击操) t a pp music by Zheng Xiuwen. “We didn't pay much attentin when we heard the ld music,” Xia explained, “But when Zheng's music is played, we get excited.” Ma Min, the PE teacher wh intrduced the changes, is pleased that the students nw enjy sprts lessns mre. “The classes encurage healthy lifestyles and I am always lking fr creative ways t keep the students active,” he said. Schls ffer activities accrding t what sprts facilities (设备) they have. Fr example, students at the Experimental High Schl Attached t Beijing Nrmal University can chse t learn swimming, taekwnd (跆拳道) r vlleyball. “I take my vlleyball very seriusly s I keep fit by playing it,” said Senir 2 student Zhang Zheng. “Students nly try hard in sprts that interest them.”
57．Why was Xia Tng nt interested in PE classes in the past?
A．Because he didn't d well in sprts.
B．Because he disliked the same activities.
C．Because he thught the classes t lng-
D．Because he was tired f the PE teacher.
58．Which sprt is NOT mentined in the text?
A．Swrd-fighting.B．Vlleyball.C．Skating.D．Punching practice.
59．What des the text mainly talk abut?
A．Swrd-fighting appears in PE classes.
B．Students try hard in all sprts at schl.
C．Schls ffer necessary sprts facilities.
D．PE classes are welcming new changes.
60．What is the attitude f the students twards new PE classes?
A．Supprtive.B．Negative.C．Uncaring.D．Dubtful.
【答案】57．B 58．C 59．D 60．A
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章通过介绍北师大第二附中的体育课发生了可喜的变化。高二的学生现在学习中国传统武术搏击，这使得体育课成为课程表上最受欢迎的课程。引出主题中国的体育课迎来了新的变化。
57．细节理解题。根据第二段“‘The classes used t be bring as we just did the same things again and again,’ said Xia Tng. (晓彤说：“以前的课程很无聊，因为我们只是一遍又一遍地做同样的事情。”)”可知，晓彤过去对体育课不感兴趣，因为他不喜欢同样的活动，感到无聊。故选B。
58．细节理解题。根据第二段“Senir 2 students nw learn the traditinal Chinese martial art f swrd-fighting (中国剑术), making PE the mst ppular lessn n the timetable. (高二的学生现在学习中国传统武术--剑术，这使得体育课成为课程表上最受欢迎的课程。)”；“The usual mrning exercises perfrmed t music n the schl playgrund have been replaced by kicking and punching practice (搏击操) t a pp music by Zheng Xiuwen. (通常在学校操场上伴着音乐进行的晨练已经被郑秀文演唱的流行音乐搏击操所取代。)”；“Fr example, students at the Experimental High Schl Attached t Beijing Nrmal University can chse t learn swimming, taekwnd (跆拳道) r vlleyball. (例如，北京师范大学附属实验中学的学生可以选择学习游泳、跆拳道或排球)”可知，文章提到了A. 剑术；B. 排球；D. 搏击操。故选C。
59．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Senir 2 students nw learn the traditinal Chinese martial art f swrd-fighting (中国剑术), making PE the mst ppular lessn n the timetable. (高二的学生现在学习中国传统武术--剑术，这使得体育课成为课程表上最受欢迎的课程。)”；“The usual mrning exercises perfrmed t music n the schl playgrund have been replaced by kicking and punching practice (搏击操) t a pp music by Zheng Xiuwen.(通常在学校操场上伴着音乐进行的晨练已经被郑秀文演唱的流行音乐搏击操所取代。)”；“Fr example, students at the Experimental High Schl Attached t Beijing Nrmal University can chse t learn swimming, taekwnd (跆拳道) r vlleyball. (例如，北京师范大学附属实验中学的学生可以选择学习游泳、跆拳道或排球。)”可知，本文主要讲述了体育课迎来了新的变化。故选D。
60．推理判断题。根据第二段“‘Ma Min, the PE teacher wh intrduced the changes, is pleased that the students nw enjy sprts lessns mre. (介绍这些变化的体育老师毛敏很高兴学生们现在更喜欢体育课了。)”可知，学生对新体育课的态度是支持的。故选A。
同义替换
指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lse ne's jb换成了be ut f wrk。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把imprtant变换成f imprtance；改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。
信息归纳
用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确答案。
正话反说
把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
原文原词
利用原文原词作为正确选项。
张冠李戴
是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。
无中生有
符合常识，但不是文章的内容。
曲解文意
与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。
颠倒是非
在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。
正误参半
部分正确，部分错误。
抓关键
题干中的关键词：Circus Maximus ，hld
锁信息
定位：用Circus Maximus ，hld寻读，在文中找到信息源—— Hwever, that was small fry cmpared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accmmdated arund 250,000 peple.
选项
选项意思
定位
A
104,944。
曲解文意
B
107,601。
曲解文意
C
大约Abut 150,000。
D
大约250,000。
原词再现
[分析] 选D 比对选项和信息句可知，根据第一段最后一句信息“……the city’s Circus Maximus, which accmmdated arund 250,000 peple”可知 Circus Maximus最多容纳250,000人。选项和原文中均出现250,000，故为直接细节理解题。故选D。
抓关键
题干中的关键词：cherries
锁信息
定位：用cherries寻读，在文中找到信息源——As fr cherries (樱桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C.
选项
选项意思
定位
A
它们含有蛋白质。
张冠李戴
B
它们富含维生素A。
张冠李戴
C
它们口感好。
同义替换
D
它们含有丰富的抗氧化物质。
张冠李戴
[分析] 选C 根据该段最后一句“As fr cherries (樱桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C．”可知，原文中的they are s delicius被替换成选项中的They have a pleasant taste，为间接细节理解题。故选C。
抓关键
题干中的关键词：6,000
锁信息
定位：用6,000寻读，在文中找到信息源——The median number (中位数) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld's languages are spken by fewer peple than that.
选项
选项意思
原文意思
定位
A
大约6 800种。
6 800为现在世界现存语言数量。
张冠李戴
B
大约3 400种。
世界语言总量的一半即为3 400。
信息归纳
C
大约2 400种。
2 400为非洲语言数量。
张冠李戴
D
大约1 200种。
数字1 200在原文中没有出现，也无法做出有效归纳。
无中生有
[分析] 选B 根据本段第一句“At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages.”可知，目前世界上有大约6 800种语言；再根据最后一句“The median number (中位数) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld's languages are spken by fewer peple than that.”可知，目前世界上一半的语言的使用人数少于6 000，也就是说有大约3 400种语言的使用人数少于6 000。根据以上数据的归纳概括可知B项为正确选项。
题干信息
What des the authr think f：作者态度
new devices：新设备
文体特点
科技说明文：一项研究新旧设备耗能的报告。
原文查找
That's bad news fr the envirnment — and ur wallets — as these utdated devices cnsume much mre energy than the newer nes that d the same things.
信息整合
①做同样的事情旧设备耗能高(cnsume much mre energy)
②旧设备不利于环境保护(bad news fr the envirnment)
③旧设备更浪费钱财(ur wallets)
信息推断
上面旧设备的缺点是在和新设备相比较(than the newer nes)得出的结论，故新设备可以克服以上缺点。
选项分析
A．新设备是环保的(They are envirnment­friendly)；属于正确信息推断。
B．新设备并不比旧设备好(They are n better than the ld)；属于“无中生有”型错误。
C．新设备在家中使用的费用更高(They cst mre t use at hme)；属于“无中生有”型错误。
D．新设备很快就过时了(They g ut f style quickly)；属于“曲解文意”型错误。
得出结论
由以上信息分析可知，A项正确。
细研题干定题型
由题干可知本题是对文章局部(第一段)进行深层理解的考查。
细读语段明大意
地点
公共场合：①电梯中；②在银行排队中；③飞机上
人物
①专注地盯着自己的手机；②苦苦挣扎于令人不自在的沉默中
甄别选项定答案
细研干扰项
A项为原文中的事实，不是推断出的内容。
B项，文中提及的这些行为是否“合适”原文中没有提及，属于“无中生有”型错误。
D项在原文中没有提及，属于“无中生有”型错误。
断定
答案
该段提到在公共场合中，周围都是人的情况下，人们只是专注地盯着自己的手机，或者苦苦挣扎于令人不自在的沉默中，从中可以推断出文章首段描述了陌生人之间缺少交流的现象。故选择C项。
细研题干定题型
文章出处题。
文章内容
本文介绍了丰收的七月给我们带来的多种浆果和核果，并告诉我们这些果实富含的营养成分和可以制作成各种美食。
文章语气
第一段介绍了七月是水果丰富的季节；第二段介绍了各种莓类所含的营养成分；第三、四段介绍各种水果搭配的食用方法。在这一过程中作者使用了客观的语气，通俗易懂的方法，形象地说明了水果搭配的技巧。
确定答案
本文是向大众介绍饮食方法，跟健康有关，应该出自健康杂志。所以B项正确。
A
通过明智的吃来保持健康
文中虽提到有关饮食和健康方面的内容，但这不是文章主要内容。
以偏概全，主次不分
B
平衡我们的日常饮食
文中没有提到平衡日常饮食。
无中生有，生搬硬套
C
让你自己成为一个完美的厨师
文中只是提到用较少的预算做出美味的饭菜，没有说做一个完美的厨师。
以偏概全，主次不分
D
用的少，烹饪好
文章围绕用较少的预算做出美味的饭菜展开的。
涵盖性强，覆盖全文
A
新语言将会被创造。
文章介绍的是语言的减少而不是新语言的创造。
移花接木，偷换概念
B
人们的生活方式会反映到语言上。
文中没有这种说法。
无中生有，生搬硬套
C
人类的发展导致语言越来越少。
文章介绍了世界上语言多样性的发展变化以及现在很多语言面临消亡的威胁这一现象。
涵盖性强，覆盖全文
D
地理决定语言的发展。
文中没有这种说法。
无中生有，生搬硬套
A
飞车the Transitin的基本数据。
A项是对本段内容的精炼概括和总结。
涵盖性强，覆盖全段
B
飞车的一些优点。
该选项错误在于以下两点：
①该段介绍了名字为the Transitin的飞车；而不是全部飞车(flying cars)。
②该段列举的是基本数据而不是优点。
无中生有，生搬硬套
C
飞车的潜在市场。
原文没有提及。
无中生有，生搬硬套
D
飞车the Transitin的设计商。
该选项仅仅是文章中的一个方面。
以偏概全，主次不分
Under the Sea
Dive in as we discver the fascinating creatures (生物) that live in the cean. Whales, sharks, and sea turtles will catch ur eyes as we explre the cean tgether thrugh activities and games.
Fee: $150
Opening time: 9: 00 am-5: 00 pm, Jun 16-18
Stne Age
Let’s g back t the Stne Age! Learn abut all f yur favrite dinsaurs frm the prehistric era and find ut what it was like t be a caveman.
Fee: $100
Opening time: 9: 00 am-5: 30 pm, Jun 21-23
Things with Wings
Frm birds t butterflies, bats t bees, find ut abut many amazing creatures that fly frm the grund t the trees. We’ll search fr birds’ nests, catch bugs with nets, and make ur wn winged creatures t take hme.
Fee: $75
Opening time: 8: 30 am-4: 30 pm Jun 30-Jul 2
Nature Tail Theater
Create yur wn stry, character, scenery, prps, and cstumes. Then it’s lights, camera, actin as yu perfrm yur riginal play n the last day f camp fr family members.
Fee: $136
Opening time: 10: 00 am-6: 00 pm, Jul 7-9
The Pursuit f Happiness
Directr: Gabriele Muccin
Time: 9:00 am–11:00 am
Ticket Price: $16
The mvie is abut a single father, wh vercmes lts f difficulties and at last succeeds in business.
Dangal
Directr: Nitesh Tiwari
Time: 1:30 pm–3:00 pm
Ticket Price: $17
The mvie is abut a father, wh finds his daughters’ talent and trains them t be tp wrestlers (摔跤手).
I Am Sam
Directr: Jessie Nelsn
Time: 2:00 pm–4:00 pm
Ticket Price: $18
The mvie is abut a man with a lw IQ, wh gets his daughter back frm the fster (收养) family and lives with her again.
The Fantastic Mr. Fx
Directr: Wes Andersn
Time: 4:30 pm–6:00 pm
Ticket Price: $19
The mvie is abut Mr. Fx, wh fights against three bad farmers t get fd fr his family.