专题07 名词性从句 -备战2024年英语新高考高频易错考点

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【导入】
“两步法”突破名词性从句
第一步 识别名词性从句的种类
1．首先确定主句的谓语动词，确定主句的主谓结构；
2．分析从句在主句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
第二步 分析从句结构，确定从句引导词
确定从句的结构和意义是否完整，结合句意填写适当的连接词。
1．若从句结构完整，用从属连词：陈述事实用that；表示疑问“是否”用if或whether；
2．若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则考虑用连接代词；
3．若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。
另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(if、whether、because、as if等)的用法及that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
技巧1 关注连接代词what的用法
1. (2021全国新高考Ⅰ卷) _______ is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes.
【解析】引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，应填what，位于句首，首字母要大写。考查名词性从句。
【答案】What
what可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或宾语补足语等。它引导名词性从句时有两个意思：一是表示“什么”，带有疑问意味；二是表示“……所……的”，相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。
Our teachers always tell us t believe in what we d and wh we are if we want t succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想要成功，要相信我们所做的事情和我们是谁。
1. （2020·浙江卷）Over thusands f years，they began t depend less n 57 culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild, and mre n animals they had raised and crps they had swn.
【2018·北京】This is _________ my father has taught me—t always face difficulties and hpe fr the best.
A. hw B. which C. that D. what
技巧2 关注连接副词的用法
1.(2015全国Ⅱ卷)…the Puebl Indians figured ut exactly _____ thick the adbe walls needed t be t make the cycle wrk n mst days.
【解析】因figure ut(弄明白；计算出)后是一个句子，应为宾语从句；引导宾语从句，并能修饰形容词(thick)的，只能是连接副词hw，hw thick意为“多厚”。
【答案】hw
引导名词性从句的连接副词有when，where，why，hw，whenever，wherever 等，它们均在从句中作状语。
I have n idea when she will be back.
我不知道她何时回来。
I've been thinking abut hw we can make the newspaper mre interesting.
我一直考虑我们如何能使报纸更有趣。
That's why I want yu t wrk there.
那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。
Wherever he ges makes his parents wrry.
他无论去哪儿父母都担心。
1. 【2019·北京卷】What students d at cllege seems t matter much mre than ___8___ they g.
2. 【2018·江苏】By bat is the nly way t get here, which is _______ we arrived.
A. where B. whenC. why D. hw
技巧3关注同位语从句
1 . Others praise the fact ______ campus canteens launching delivery services can save students’ time..
【解析】空后是一个结构和意义完整的句子，故填连词that，引导同位语从句，解释说明fact的内容。
【答案】that
同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容的从句。所以它总是跟在某一个名词的后面。该名词被称作先行词。
1. 同位语从句的连接词
同位语从句的连接词主要有that, whether, why, wh, where, hw, when等。在同位语从句中that, whether不作成分，that无实际意义，whether表示“是否”；其他连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。
The reprt that he was ging t resign was false. 他将辞职的报道是假的。
There’s sme dubt whether Jhn will cme n time. 对约翰是否会准时到还有一些怀疑。
2. 可跟同位语从句的名词
不是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句，常可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有：
advice 建议 belief 信念 fact 事实 hpe 希望 idea 主意 news 消息 pinin 观点 rder 命令 prmise 诺言 questin 问题 reply 答复 reprt 报道 thught 想法 truth 事实 warning 警告
The prblem why the earth is becming warmer and warmer is still under discussin.
地球为什么变得越来越暧这一问题仍在讨论之中。
3. 同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。
He gt the news frm Mary that the sprts meeting was put ff. 他从玛丽那里获知了运动会被推迟的消息。
4. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hpe, belief, suggestin, prpsal, wrd, thught, dubt, truth, pssibility, prmise, rder 等抽象意义的名词, 而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。
（2）从性质上区别
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制, 相当于一个形容词。
而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释, 相当于一个名词。
1) The news that he tld me is that Tm wuld g abrad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）
（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
2)The news that Tm wuld g abrad is tld by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）
（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
（3）从连接词和所作成分上区别
同位语从句中that 只起连接作用, 不作任何成分，不能省略。
定语从句 中that 起连接作用，充当宾语、主语或表语。作宾语时可以省略。
hw, whether, what 可以引导同位语从句, 但不能引导定语从句。
1.【2019·新课标I卷】While they are rare nrth f 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way acrss the Arctic, and as far suth as James Bay in Canada.
2.【2016·天津】The manager put frward a suggestin ____ we shuld have an assistant. There is t much wrk t d.
A. whether B. that C. which D. what
技巧4 区别whever，whatever, whmever, whichever与 wh，what，whm，which
1.. 【2018·天津】The gld medal will be awarded _______t wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whmever B. whereverC. whever D. whatever
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。
【答案】C
1.【2018·天津】The gld medal will be awarded ___________t wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whmever B. whereverC. whever D. whatever
2.【2017·北京】 Every year, ______ makes the mst beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whever C. whmever D. whichever
基础夯实
考点一 主语从句
考点二 宾语从句
考点三 表语从句
考点四 同位语从句
易错提示
1.that和what引导的名词性从句的区别
that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当一定的句子成分，有实际含义。
It’s a shame that he has made such a mistake.
真遗憾，他犯了这样一个错误。
I will d what I can （d） t help him.
我将尽我所能帮助他。
2.whether与if引导的名词性从句的区别
1）whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句末，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末，且前面需用it作形式主语。
Whether it is true remains a questin.
这是否真实依然是个问题。
It is unknwn if he will attend the meeting.
他是否会来参加会议还不清楚。
2）whether与if引导宾语从句时，大多数情况下可以互换，但是如果直接与r nt连用或用于介词后时，只能用whether。
We dn’t knw whether r nt she was ready.
我们不知道她是否准备好了。
I’m interested in whether yu’ve finished the wrk.我对你是否完成了这项工作感兴趣。
3）whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，而if不可以。
The questin is whether it is wrth ding.
问题是它是否值得去做。
He ften asked me the questin whether the wrk was wrth ding.
他经常问我这项工作是否值得去做的问题。
技巧点拨
模拟演练
Ⅰ、单项选择
1.The student cmpleted this experiment t make cme true __________ Prfessr Jseph had said.
A. thatB. whatC. whenD. where
2.Over thusands f years，they began t depend less n 57 culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild, and mre n animals they had raised and crps they had swn.
3.It is by n means clear __________ the lcal gvernment will d with the buildings f pr quality.
A. whatB. hwC. whetherD. which
4.— The designers are ver the mn. What’s up?
—They’ve reached an agreement n __________ the bnuses are t be divided later.
A. whyB. hwC. whereD. when
5.______ makes ur schl famus is ______ mre than 90% f the students have been admitted t universities.
A．What; thatB．Which; becauseC．That; whatD．What; because
6.nce-great cities fell int ruins.
A．WhatB．WhyC．WhetherD．That
7.Peple may think that dinsaurs were big, green with hard skin cvering their bdies. But in fact, it seems that dinsaurs appeared very different frm________ we think.
A．whichB．thatC．whD．what
8.Air pllutin is a big prblem. I wnder ______ we can d abut it.
A．whetherB．whatC．hwD．that
9.________ is knwn t all is that the utstanding academic atmsphere, as well as varius festivals and sprts, ________ many students t ur schl.
A．It： drawB．Which： drawC．What： drawsD．As： draws
10.________ students d at the cllege matters much mre than where they travel.
A．WhichB．WhereC．WhatD．When
11.Believe it r nt, yur parents have experienced ________yu have experienced as children and teenagers.
A．hwB．whichC．whatD．that
12.Mre than 100 students have entered fr the cmpetitin, and________ gains the mst pints will be the winner.
A．anyneB．the neC．whD．whever
13.It’s unwise t leave________ can be life’s mst imprtant decisin—future career—entirely t luck.
A．whichB．thatC．whatD．hw
14.Jenny has gt________ it takes t be a gd actress. In ther wrds, she has the ptential t becme famus.
A．whatB．whenC．thatD．hw
Ⅱ、语法填空
15.Ging t Munt Huangshan reminds me f the ppular Beatles’ sng “The Lng and Winding Rad”. ______is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes.
16.Over thusands f years, they began t depend less n ______ culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild, and mre n animals they had raised and crps they had swn.
17.Anther benefit f exercise is ______it will imprve yur bdy's immune system, making yu better prepared t fight ff infectin.
18.While they are rare nrth f 88°, there is evidence ______ they range all the way acrss the Arctic, and as far suth as James Bay in Canada.
19.It is pssible ______caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, t.
20.Have yu ever wndered ______ yu wuld d t slve math prblems if yu didn’t have a calculatr r cmputer r even pencil and paper?
21.Spanish sprt newspaper Marca nted that Wu has answered thse wh dubted his mve t the club and ______ “ his quick adaptatin t La Liga (西甲) has surprised many peple”.
22.These 3000-year-ld symbls, jiaguwen, were carved n turtle shells r bnes f animals, and can give us insight int ______ancient Chinese saw the wrld arund them and int their great creativity.
23.______ I like the mst are the traditinal wet markets, restaurants ffering varius dishes and the numerus cultural activities that are available there.
24.It als raises questins abut ______ Eurpean gvernments are ding enugh t keep up and care fr such buildings.
25.The ideal nap depends n______ yu want frm that nap．
26.The students returned t schl with a sense f achievement, a feeling ______they helped peple in need.
27.Use sme simple techniques t distract frm the issue and hpefully with time，the persn wn't be able t remember ______ he is suppsed t frget.
28.There will be challenges ahead, hwever, which is ______we are fully preparing fr all pssibilities.
29.If she had visin fr three days, Xing said, she wuld like t see with her eyes______ the pian that accmpanies her fr mre than a decade lks like.
30.I first have t remve all the rtten parts, and smetimes, ______ is left isn’t enugh fr my designs.
31.______we feed ur bdies feeds ur eyes.
32.The ideal nap depends n ______ yu want frm that nap.
33.Be sure t be with a strng awareness that yu are ______yu eat!
34.But it's nt the fact_______0nly peple with bad handwriting are attracted t the medical field.
35.I wanted t see fr myself what happened,” said Terry. “I culdn’t imagine______it is like t lse yur hme and everything that yu knw and the pwerful effect the hurricane had n thse peple.
Ⅲ、完形填空
Yungang Grttes (石窟) in Datng, Shanxi Prvince, are a wrld cultural heritage (遗产) site with a histry that 1． (g) back mre than 1,500 years. In Yungang’s 45 big grttes and mre than 200 small grttes, rughly 59,000 figures f the Buddha, 2． (be) a priceless treasure f human culture.
3．because f the effects f climate change and natural disasters, the grttes face damage year after year. Thanks t 4． (advance) digital technlgy, researchers are busy “duplicating” (复制) the Yungang Grttes in an attempt t preserve the precius cultural relics (遗物). Emplying 3D laser scanning technlgy, the researchers5． (digital) recrd the shapes, clrs and ther fine details f the grttes and later reprduce6．by using 3D printing technlgy.
The new technlgy culd enable mre peple7． (access) the cultural relics despite the distance. In June, 2020, the Zhejiang University Cultural Relics Research Institute and Yungang Grttes Research Institute tgether “cpied and pasted” Cave N. 12 f the Yungang Grttes fr an8． (exhibit) in Hangzhu, in which is the wrld’s first 3D-printed 1:1 “cpy” f a grtt.
These Yungang9． (researcher) attempt is a gd example f technlgy helping t preserve cultural heritage. It is hped10．the new digitalized technlgies will facilitate the “rebirth” f the cultural relics, and bring them t mre places wrldwide.
Ⅲ、作文
最近，一位叫“何同学”的大学生用英语采访苹果CEO蒂姆•库克（Tim Ck）的视频火了,其中他流利的英语和自信的态度给大家留下了深刻印象。假如你是李华，请给“何同学” （Mr. He）写一封英文求助信，希望他能推荐一些英语口语的高效训练方法。
内容：
1.视频对年轻人的影响：
2.求助的内容；
3.表示感谢。
注意；
1.写作词数为80左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.
Dear Mr. He,
Hw is everything ging?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Lking frward t yur early reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
真题演练
【2022年】
1（2022新高考II卷）“I dn't knw ___________ t thank him.”
2（2022年浙江1月）Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak ______ she culd d s remtely.
【2021年】
1. (2021年新高考全国1卷语法填空)Ging t Munt Huangshan reminds me f the ppular Beatles’ sng“The Lng and Winding Rad”. ____56____is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes. The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we humans are.
【2020年】
1. （2020·江苏卷）It is nt a prblem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter f time.
A. whetherB. whyC. whenD. where
2. （2020·天津卷）The student cmpleted this experiment t make cme true __________ Prfessr Jseph had said.
A. thatB. whatC. whenD. where
3. （2020·浙江卷）Over thusands f years，they began t depend less n 57 culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild, and mre n animals they had raised and crps they had swn.
【2019年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】Scientists have btained mre evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way int the human bdy.
A. whatB. thatC. whichD. where
2.【2019·新课标I卷】While they are rare nrth f 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way acrss the Arctic, and as far suth as James Bay in Canada.
3.【2019·北京卷】What students d at cllege seems t matter much mre than ___8___ they g.
【2018年】
1.【2018·北京】Withut his supprt, we wuldn’t be _________ we are nw.
A. hw B. when C. where D. why
2.【2018·北京】This is _________ my father has taught me—t always face difficulties and hpe fr the best.
A. hw B. which C. that D. what
3.【2018·天津】The gld medal will be awarded ___________t wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whmever B. whereverC. whever D. whatever
4.【2018·江苏】By bat is the nly way t get here, which is _______ we arrived.
A. where B. whenC. why D. hw
【2017年】
1.【2017·北京】 Every year, ______ makes the mst beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whever C. whmever D. whichever
2.【2017·北京】Jane mved aimlessly dwn the tree-lined street, nt knwing ______she was heading.
A. why B. where C. hw D. when
3.【2017·江苏】 We chse this htel because the price fr a night here is dwn t $20, half f _______ it used t charge.
A. that B. which C. what D. hw
4.【2017·天津】She asked me _______ I had returned the bks t the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
A. when B. where C. whether D. what
5.【2017·新课标II卷】The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned ut t be very useful later in my life.
【2016年】
1.【2016·北京】Yur supprt is imprtant t ur wrk. ________ yu can d helps.
A. Hwever B. Whever C. Whatever D. Wherever
2.【2016·北京】The mst pleasant thing f the rainy seasn is ________ ne can be entirely free frm dust.
A. whatB. thatC. whetherD. why
3.【2016·江苏】It is ften the case ______anything is pssible fr thse wh hang n t hpe.
A.whyB. whatC. asD.that
4.【2016·天津】The manager put frward a suggestin ____ we shuld have an assistant. There is t much wrk t d.
A. whether B. that C. which D. what
学习评价：
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
连接词
从属连词
that, whether, if
只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分。但一般不可省略。if不可以引导位于句首的主语从句。
Yur supprt is imprtant t ur wrk.Whateveryu can d helps.你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会有所帮助。
连接代词
what, wh, whse,
which, whatever,
whichever, whever等
wh（ever）和what（ever）在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；which（ever）在从句中作主语、宾语；what, which, whse在从句中作定语。
连接副词
hw, when, where, why等
在从句中作状语。
it作形式主语
①It＋系动词＋形容词（necessary/likely/imprtant/certain等）＋that从句
②It＋系动词＋名词（短语）（a pity/a shame/n wnder等）＋that从句
③It＋be＋过去分词（said/tld/reprted等）＋that从句
④It＋动词（短语）（seem/ccur t/happen t sb./...）＋that从句
It ccurred t him thathe had an imprtant cnference t attend the next mrning. 他突然想到，第二天上午他有一个重要的会议要参加。
连接词
从属连词
that, whether, if
The gld medal will be awarded twheverwins the first place in the bicycle race.这块金牌将颁发给这场自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。
连接代词
what, wh, whse, which, whatever, whichever, whever等
连接副词
hw, when, where, why, wherever, whenever等
it作形式宾语
①动词（find/feel/think/cnsider/make等）＋it＋宾补（形容词或名词）＋that从句
②动词（hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjy等）＋it＋that从句
③动词短语（see t/depend n/rely n等）＋it＋that从句
④固定搭配（take it fr granted/we it t sb.等）+that从句
I havemade it a rule thatI keep diaries.写日记成了我的惯例。
连接词
从属连词
that, whether
This iswhatmy father has taught me—t always face difficulties and hpe fr the best.这是我父亲教我的——总是要面对困难并寄予最大的希望。
连接代词
what, wh, whse, which, whatever, whichever, whever等
连接副词
hw, when, where, why, wherever, whenever等
as if/as
thugh
as if/as thugh意为“好像,仿佛”,引导的表语从句常跟在系动词（be动词,seem, appear, lk, taste, sund, feel, smell等）之后。若表语从句所述的是与客观事实相反的情况,从句常用虚拟语气;若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况,从句常用陈述语气。
At that time, it seemedas thughI culdn’t think f the right wrd.当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
连接词
because
This/That/It is+because引导的表语从句（表原因）“这/那是因为……”
Frm space, the earth lks blue. This isbecauseabut seventy-ne percent f its surface is cvered by water.从太空中看,地球看起来是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。
连接词
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语,一般位于该名词之后,说明该名词的具体内容。其连接词主要有that, whether, why, wh, where, hw, when等。在同位语从句中,that和whether不作句子成分,that无实际意义,whether表示“是否”；其他连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。
The manager put frward a suggestinthatwe shuld have an assistant. There is t much wrk t d.
常跟同位语从句的名词
advice, fact, dubt, suggestin, hpe, demand, cnclusin, idea, news, rder, request, thught, wrd, wish, prmise, truth, infrmatin, message, belief, reprt, desire, prblem, pssibility等。
经理提出了一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。