新教材2024届高考英语二轮专项分层特训卷第一部分专题强化练专题一阅读理解强化训练五主旨大意题一（附解析）

这是一份新教材2024届高考英语二轮专项分层特训卷第一部分专题强化练专题一阅读理解强化训练五主旨大意题一（附解析），共5页。
Peple wh want t becme astrnauts must be in tp physical cnditin. Each cuntry's space prgram has health requirements fr its space travelers. They usually assess a candidate's fitness t withstand sme pretty tugh cnditins. Fr example, a gd candidate must have the ability t endure the rigrs f lift­ff and t functin in weightlessness. All astrnauts must have gd visual acuity and nrmal bld pressure. Beynd that, there is n age limit. Mst astrnaut trainees are between the ages f 25 and 46, althugh lder peple have als flwn t space later in their careers.
Peple wh g t space are usually self­cnfident, risk­takers, adept at stress management and multitasking. They als need t be able t wrk as part f a team fr any given assignment. On Earth, astrnauts are usually required t perfrm varius public relatins duties, such as speaking t the public, wrking with ther prfessinals, and smetimes even testifying befre gvernment fficials. S, astrnauts wh can relate well t many different kinds f peple are seen as valuable team members.
Often, astrnauts have a backgrund as scientists and many have high­level degrees, like PhDs. Others have military training r space industry expertise. Regardless f their backgrund, nce an astrnaut is accepted int a cuntry's space prgram, he r she ges thrugh rigrus training t actually live and wrk in space.
1．Which f the fllwing is f least imprtance t an astrnaut?
A．Nrmal bld pressure. B．Gd eyesight.
C．Tugh bdy. D．Yung age.
2．Accrding t the passage, an astrnaut is ne wh ________．
A．is strng and healthy B．has self­cnfidence
C．can wrk under great pressure D．all f the abve
3．Why are astrnauts asked t perfrm public duties?
A．T make them famus amng peple. B．T relieve their feelings f tensin.
C．T raise their awareness f teamwrk. D．T prmte public interest in the aerspace.
4．What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A．Everyne Can Be an Astrnaut
B．The Prfessinal Qualities f an Astrnaut
C．Training Astrnauts is Much Easier Nwadays
D．It's Nt Mysterius t Be an Astrnaut
(B)
When evaluating peple n varius psychlgical tests, psychlgists ften distinguish between markers f abslute perfrmance and relative perfrmance. Abslute perfrmance reflects the raw measurement f smething, like the time it takes t run a mile. Relative perfrmance is hw a persn rates in relatin t their peers, as in what place a runner gets in a race.
The standards we use t evaluate urselves are almst always relative, as we cmpare urselves t ur peers and the standards that are mst familiar t us. Fr instance, in my private practice, I have ne patient I will call “Omar” wh is dependent n scial services and makes less than $30，000 per year at his jb. While this level f pverty wuld lead mst peple t wake up depressed each day, Omar is ne f the mst ptimistic and appreciative individuals I knw. Why? Because mst f his clsest peers—his siblings and friends frm childhd—have lives far wrse than his.
In cntrast t Omar, I have anther patient, an adlescent I'll call “Lena”， whse family has prperty ver $5 millin. Lena, hwever, lives in an upper­class neighbrhd where her family is at the lwer end f the incme level. Thugh Lena's family allws her t enjy pssessins and experiences that less than 1 percent f her peers acrss the wrld can share, she cnsistently feels “less than”. Why? Because Lena desn't cmpare herself t the rest f the wrld. This is t abstract an exercise fr her, as it wuld be fr mst f us.
Accrdingly, whether a psychlgist is psychdynamic r cgnitive­behaviral, therapy (疗法) with individuals struggling with situatinal r psychlgical depressin aims t slve the prblems assciated with basing ne's self­wrth n cmparisns with thers. Psychlgists try t help peple fcus n persnal grwth arund the achievement f cncrete gals in line with their values, independent f the achievement f thers. Fr all f us，defining these gals, especially during perids f emtinal calm, can g a lng way in helping us t avid the trap f relativity that ften leads t situatinal and psychlgical depressin.
5．What is the functin f paragraph 1?
A．T shw the significance f evaluating peple.
B．T mtivate readers t study psychlgical tests.
C．T help peple perfrm well in psychlgical tests.
D．T prvide sme backgrund infrmatin n evaluating peple.
6．Why des the authr mentin his tw patients?
A．T measure different achievements.
B．T intrduce the standards t evaluate peple.
C．T explain relative perfrmance with examples.
D．T cntrast relative perfrmance and abslute perfrmance.
7．What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．Setting gals in life is essential fr everyne.
B．It's imprtant t avid unhealthy cmparisns.
C．A sense f achievement can affect ne's happiness.
D．Imprving self­wrth can help get rid f depressin.
8．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Happiness: Is it all relative? B．Self­wrth: Is it measurable?
C．Self­wrth: Is it based n effrts? D．Happiness: Is it assciated with achievements?
[答题区]
强化训练五 主旨大意题（一）
（A）
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了成为一名宇航员需要具备的条件。
1．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，成为宇航员并没有严格的年龄限制，甚至有人在年龄较大的时候也飞往太空，所以相比其他条件，年龄对于宇航员是最不重要的。故选D。
2．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段前三句可知，宇航员需要健康和强壮的身体；根据第三段第一句可知，宇航员充满自信且能承受高压，故选D。
3．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第三段中第二、三、四句可知，宇航员被要求履行公共职责是为了锻炼他们的团队合作能力，提高他们的团队合作意识，使他们成为团队中有价值的成员。故选C。
4．答案与解析：B 标题归纳题。文章第一句“What des it take t becme an astrnaut？”以设问的方式引起下文，是文章的主旨句，接下来具体分析了成为一名宇航员需要具备的专业素质，包括身体素质、心理素质、专业知识等。B项（一名宇航员的专业素质）符合题意。故选B。
（B）
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍幸福与比较的关系，文章通过对比两个例子介绍了两个收入不同、幸福感不同的人，说明一个人的幸福通常取决于他们选择与自己进行比较的人的类型。最后建议人们要建立自尊，避免不健康的比较。
5．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第一段可知，第一段提供了两种评估人的标准即“绝对性表现”和“相对性表现”，为下文作铺垫。故选D。
6．答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句以及下文的介绍可知，作者通过举例子的方式介绍了什么叫幸福和收入的相对性表现。故选C。
7．答案与解析：B 段落大意题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，情境性心理抑郁是不健康的比较方式造成的，所以我们得避免陷入它的陷阱。故选B。
8．答案与解析：A 标题归纳题。通读分析文章结构可知，第一段介绍通过心理测试评估一个人时，心理学家通常会区分绝对性表现和相对性表现的标志。第二、三段通过对比两个例子，说明一个人的幸福通常取决于他们选择与自己进行比较的人的类型。第四段做出总结，对于那些患有情境性或心理抑郁症的人经常会落入相对论的陷阱，并对自己的价值有一种扭曲的看法。建议人们要建立自尊，避免不健康的比较。因此，文章主要介绍幸福与比较的相对性关系，故选A。
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