江苏省南通中学2022-2023学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份江苏省南通中学2022-2023学年高二上学期第一次月考英语试卷(含答案)，共24页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，语法填空，短文填空，首字母填空，书面表达，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。


一、阅读理解
Mst peple knw that listening t music when they are feeling dwn r depressed can encurage their spirits.Hwever studies have als shwn that music, especially certain tnes can reduce stress. Music can change brainwave patterns, deepen breathing, and bring n a ttally stress-free and mre pen mindset（心态）. Using music t relax when cnsidering a particular prblem may nt nly raise yur md, but als culd help yu reach that "a-ha" mment and find a slutin.
Music has als been shwn nt nly t make yu feel gd, but als, t be a great mtivatr. Fr example, during exercise, listening t music can keep yu ging, r get yu t exercise mre by helping yu t ignre negative feelings f tiredness and fcus n the pleasurable feelings yu get frm being absrbed in the music.
Music is mainly used t recrd emtin. When we listen t a piece f music we share the artist's feelings n a visceral（本来的）level. That can be sad, and wh amng us hasn't put n a painful lve sng t share in the misery after a bad break-up? On the cntrary, we can share in the delight f sngs f jy and happiness, r any sng r piece f music that reminds us f a particular happy time in ur past.
S next time yu are feeling dwn, put n Beethven' s Ode t Jy, I bet yu will feel a lt better abut whatever it was that was bthering yu!
1、We can infer frm the first paragraph that music can ________.
A. benefit yu in many ways
B. prmte yu t find mre questins
C. change the patterns f yur lifestyle
D. influence yur attentin t a prblem
2、When we enjy a piece f sad music, ________.
A. we'll share the artist's feelings deeplyB. we may recall ur miserable past
C. we may be reminded f particular jyD. we'll shw mercy n the artist's life
3、What's the best title f the text?
A. What music means t a music lverB. Why peple lve happy music
C. What kind f music is ppularD. Hw music changes yur life
Califrnia has lst half its big trees since the 1930s, accrding t a study t be published Tuesday and climate change seems t be a majr factr(因素).
The number f trees larger than tw feet acrss has declined by 50 percent n mre than 46, 000 square miles f Califrnia frests, the new study finds. N area was spared r unaffected, frm the fggy nrthern cast t the Sierra Nevada Muntains t the San Gabriels abve Ls Angeles. In the Sierra high cuntry, the number f big trees has fallen by mre than 55 percent; in parts f suthern Califrnia the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factrs cntributed t the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an eclgist wh was the lead authr f the study. Wdcutters targeted big trees. Husing develpment pushed int the wds. Aggressive wildfire cntrl has left Califrnia frests crwded with small trees that cmpete with big trees fr resurces(资源).
But in cmparing a study f Califrnia frests dne in the 1920s and 1930s with anther ne between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his clleagues dcumented a widespread death f big trees that was evident even in wildlands prtected frm wdcutting r develpment.
The lss f big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shrtage. The researchers figured ut water stress with a cmputer mdel that calculated hw much water trees were getting in cmparisn with hw much they needed, taking int accunt such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness f sil, and the timing f snwmelt(融雪).
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factrs driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees t lse mre water t the air, and earlier snwmelt, which reduces the water supply available t trees during the dry seasn.
4、What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A. The seriusness f big-tree lss in Califrnia.
B. The increasing variety f Califrnia big trees.
C. The distributin f big trees in Califrnia frests.
D. The influence f farming n big trees in Califrnia.
5、Which f the fllwing is well-intentined but may be bad fr big trees?
A. Eclgical studies f frests.B. Banning wdcutting.
C. Limiting husing develpment.D. Fire cntrl measures.
6、What is a majr cause f the water shrtage accrding t McIntyre?
A. Inadequate snwmelt.B. A lnger dry seasn.
C. A warmer climate.D. Dampness f the air.
7、What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Califrnia’s Frests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gne?
B. Cutting f Big Trees t Be Prhibited in Califrnia Sn
C. Why Are the Big Trees Imprtant t Califrnia Frests?
D. Patrick McIntyre: Grw Mre Big Trees in Califrnia
What defines an ec-huse? There are tw features t take int cnsideratin. Firstly, the energy efficiency and carbn emissins assciated with running the huse, and then the type f cnstructin materials used, their assciated emissins and the raw materials required.
At Baufritz, we have wn awards relating t the sustainability f ur huses. This is because as a cmpany we had decided t put envirnmental stewardship at the cre f ur values way back in the 1960s. S hw d we d it?
Heating is the biggest emissins factr fr any huse. It is really rather simple t slve this prblem — make a huse extremely energy efficient and this will n lnger be a factr. Ultra lw energy huses have becme knwn as Passive huses, where a certain set f design characteristics help t imprve efficiencies. Yu need a very high level f insulatin in the walls and rf. Glass shuld be suitably psitined t ptimize slar gaintucmrr (heat frm the sun). The huse needs t be very well engineered s n heat is lst thrugh cracks r prly fitted windws and drs. At Baufritz we manufacture Kit huses, and use Mdern Manufacturing Methds in ur factry t engineer ur huses in such a way that leaks are minimized.
We have als develped “HOIZ” insulatin. Manufactured frm natural wd waste prducts, HOIZ is placed between the inside and utside layers f ur timber framed huses t create the highest level f insulatin. Our windws and drs use triple glazing t minimize heat lss. Overheating is ne f the biggest challenges Passive huses face and ur architects use sme very clever ventilatin systems t manage internal envirnmental cnditins. All huses still have energy-cnsuming appliances, but with the additin f slar fr bth electricity generatin and water heating, the carbn ftprint f the hmes we prduce are further reduced.
Embedded carbn in building manufacturing materials such as cncrete, as well as a histric tendency t send materials t landfills, results in a high carbn ftprint and natural resurce explitatin. Baufritz addresses this prblem in a number f ways. Our primary manufacturing material is wd. We surce frm sustainable certified frests where felled trees are replanted. In fact, we believe all building materials shuld be as natural as pssible. We say n t PU cnstructin fams, chemical insulatin materials, txic adhesives and laminate flring. A huse cnstructed using nly natural materials creates a healthy living envirnment fr its residents. As all ur huses are manufactured in ur state-f-the-art factry, waste is kept t an abslute minimum. At the end f their life-cycle, ur huses can als be recycled. Tday, demlitin（拆除）firms clearing the site fr the new build are able t recycle nearly all f the building materials, therefre clsing the manufacturing lp.
My huse is ld, s why is this relevant? There are still lts f things which can be dne. Imprve yur insulatin. When yur appliances expire, replace based n efficiency. Cnsider heat pumps instead f gas bilers and explre slar t deliver electricity and water heating. By designing and building huses t ultra lw energy standards, and by using natural sustainably surced materials and recycling the waste prducts frm ur manufacturing prcesses, we are able t deliver Carbn Neutral Huses. This means that the ttal carbn ftprint thrughut the life-cycle f each huse is zer, which is why we call urselves ec-huse pineers. All huses are prefabricated at ur state-f-the-art factry in Erkheim, Germany, and then assembled n site.
8、Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is NOT assciated with the sustainability f ec-huses?
A. The raw materials used.
B. Energy efficiency f the huse.
C. Carbn emissins released by huse designers.
D. Cnstructin materials used and their emissins.
9、Frm the passage it can be inferred that Passive huses _____________.
A. fail t ptimize slar gain
B. need t be carefully engineered t trap heat
C. use mre energy-cnsuming appliances than Kit huses
D. culd have less cmfrtable envirnmental cnditins inside them
10、Which f the fllwing statements is true abut the way Baufritz builds huses?
A. Huse recycling is an additinal service prvided free by Baufritz.
B. Building materials are btained frm factries t ensure their quality.
C. Man-made materials are applied t reduce their impact n the envirnment.
D. The huses are all manufactured in their factry s as t reduce csts and waste.
11、The purpse f the passage is t ________.
A. argue fr the necessity f ec-huses
B. advertise Baufritz, an ec-huse builder
C. explain the underlying values f ec-huses
D. expand peple’s knwledge f what ec-huses are
Can yu imagine digging in yur yard ne day and finding a life-sized sldier made cmpletely f clay? That’s what happened several decades ag when farmers in Xi'an, China, were digging wells.
Archaelgists（考古学家） have since fund abut 6,000 mre f these sldiers, alng with hrses, weapns, tls, and ther artifacts. The huge army was meant t prtect the tmb f the first ruler f China. The first emperr f China, Qin Shihuang, accmplished a huge amunt during his rule. Between 221 and 210 B. C. , he started the cnstructin f the Great Wall. He built a large netwrk f rads. He intrduced a new writing system, currency（货币）, and a set f measurements. The emperr als rdered the cnstructin f a huge army f life-sized terractta sldiers. These, he hped, wuld prtect his tmb after his death.
The sldiers in Xi'an's terractta museum are tday light brwn, but they weren't always. They began as an army f red, blue, yellw, green, white, and purple. Sadly, mst f the clrs did nt last t the present day. After being expsed t air during excavatin(挖掘), the cating under the paint began t fall ff. The paint disappeared in less time than it takes t bil an egg, taking with it imprtant pieces f histry.
Nw new techniques are starting t reveal the army's true clrs. Archaelgists have recently discvered an area with mre than a hundred sldiers. Many f these still have their painted features, including black hair, pink faces, and black r brwn eyes. Chinese and German researchers have develped a special liquid t help preserve the sldiers’ clrs. After they find a sldier r ther artifacts(手工艺品), archaelgists spray it with the liquid. They then cver it in plastic. Archaelgists are als finding clrs in the dirt arund the sldiers. It’s imprtant nt t disturb the dirt, s the clrs wn’t be lst. “We are treating the earth as an artifact,”says archelgist Rng B, the museum’s leading chemist. The next challenge, says Rng, is t find a way t apply the clrs t the army again. Once that happens, artists can bring Emperr Qin's army back t life in full, vivid clr.
12、The terractta sldiers were cnstructed t _________.
A. shw the utside wrld abut China’s greatness
B. be enjyed by everyday peple
C. frighten China’s enemies
D. prtect Emperr Qin’s tmb
13、What is the main idea f the third paragraph?
A. The sldiers lst their clrs very quickly.
B. The sldiers’ paint fell ff because f the high temperature.
C. Visitrs t the museum are nt actually seeing the real sldiers.
D. Being expsed t water is bad fr the sldiers.
14、What have archaelgists recently discvered?
A. A place with ver a hundred sldiers.
B. A written descriptin f the sldiers’ true clrs.
C. A special liquid in the tmb t preserve the sldiers’ clrs.
D. A new tmb fr Emperr Qin.
15、Which statement wuld Rng B prbably agree with?
A. The sldiers shuld stay in their current, brwn clr.
B. Artists shuld be able t paint the sldiers in any clr they want.
C. Archaelgists can nly guess at the sldiers’ riginal clrs.
D. We shuld try t restre the army’s vivid clrs.
二、七选五
16、Dealing with water pllutin is smething that everyne needs t get invlved with. Here are a few things yu can d t help. Yu shuld never thrw rubbish away. ①________. If there is nne arund, please take it hme and put it in yur trash can, especially at the beach and at the riverside.
Use water wisely. D nt keep the tap running when it is nt in use. ②________. If we all d this, we can significantly prevent water shrtages and reduce the amunt f dirty water.
D nt thrw chemicals, ils, paints r medicines dwn the tilet. In many cities, yur lcal envirnment ffice can help with the dispsal (清除) f medicines and chemicals. And yu shuld buy mre envirnmentally-safe cleaning liquids fr use at hme and ther public places. They are less dangerus t the envirnment. ③________. If yu live clse t a water bdy, try t plant trees and flwers arund yur hme, s that when it rains, chemicals frm yur hme d nt easily flw int the water.
④________. These laws are directed at industries ,hspitals, schls and market areas n hw t treat and manage sewage (污水). In many develped cities, waste treatment is very efficient, and designed t reduce pllutin f water bdies.
There are als lts f rganizatins and grups that help educate peple n the dangers f water pllutin. ⑤________. They regularly encurage ther members f their cmmunities t have a better attitude t twards water.
A. It is a great idea t jin these grups
B. Always lk fr the crrect waste bin
C. Use fewer chemicals t clean yur hme
D. Als, yu can reduce the amunt f water in washing and bathing
E. Check yur lcal gvernment's laws befre yu pur the dirty water
F. Many gvernments have strict laws that help reduce water pllutin
G. If yu use chemicals fr yur farms, be careful nt t veruse pesticides(杀虫剂)
三、完形填空（20空）
I started vlunteering at a sup kitchen several years ag. The riginal reasn I was ging was t 1 cmmunity service hurs fr schl. My plan was t 2 g there a few times and get my service hurs, but it taught me a lt. The typical vlunteer there served 3 t peple.
Basically, I was 4 serving bread and juice t whever wanted it, which was a simple task. Sme f the peple were hmeless, and sme f them were 5 families. All f them were peple in need f a ht meal and a place t 6 fr an hur r several minutes. 7 sme f them lked like they weren't behaving well, we always tk care f them.
The first time I went there was right befre Christmas. Fr the peple cming t the sup kitchen, it was nt exactly a 8 time. It made me think abut my happy Christmas and made me feel hw 9 I was. Unlike them, I have a hme and I dn't 10 cld r hunger. At that pint, I decided that I 11 wanted t g back there. I culdn't ffer them much, but I culd always ffer my time and 12 . The experience als gives me a feeling f 13 . Whenever I g there, peple are 14 that I shwed up again. They knw my name and they knw that I am mre than happy t 15 them. It truly feels gd t knw that yu can 16 smene's day. I've realized that the feeling f ding gd fr peple can be a better 17 than any amunt f mney. Yu can't buy that feeling.
I have never 18 a single secnd f my vlunteering. It 19 me that dzens f cities have made it illegal t set up a sup kitchen. But I will cntinue my vlunteer wrk and find mre ways t shw my 20 t peple in need.
17、A. reduceB. avidC. cmpleteD. cancel
18、A. yetB. justC. evenD. still
19、A. fdB. wrkC. timeD. mney
20、A. tired fB. wrried abutC. respnsible frD. free frm
21、A. busyB. seriusC. experiencedD. struggling
22、A. hideB. restC. liveD. study
23、A. AlthughB. IfC. BecauseD. Until
24、A. availableB. strangeC. pleasantD. painful
25、A. wiseB. hnestC. curiusD. frtunate
26、A. turn dwnB. suffer frmC. pass dwnD. learn frm
27、A. definitelyB. graduallyC. equallyD. hardly
28、A. reasn.B. effrtC. chanceD. patience
29、A. stabilityB. guiltC. lssD. appreciatin
30、A. gratefulB. cnfidentC. prudD. shcked
31、A. changeB. leaveC. frgetD. help
32、A. describeB. wasteC. brightenD. disturb
33、A. rewardB. excuseC. riskD. mistake
34、A. plannedB. regrettedC. frgivenD. understd
35、A. remindsB. cnfusesC. encuragesD. disappints
36、A. talentB. cncernC. kindnessD. weakness
四、语法填空
37、We’re excited that a satellite ________ (weigh) 10 tns was successfully placed in rbit yesterday.(所给词的正确形式填空)
38、With his wrk ________ (cmplete), the businessman steeped back t his eat, feeling very pleased. (所给词的正确形式填空)
39、________ (admit) t a tp high schl, as many parents believe, will guarantee their children a gd university. (所给词的正确形式填空)
40、I’d rather yu ________ (tear) the dcuments int pieces tmrrw. (所给词的正确形式填空)
41、I’d like yu ________ (intrduce) ur new friends t the guests present. (所给词的正确形式填空)
42、We can’t imagine the truble the sldiers tk ________ (find) these cultural relics. (所给词的正确形式填空)
43、The researchers have been wrking n it fr hurs, nly ________ (stp) t have a drink. (所给词的正确形式填空)
44、________ (expse) t the sunlight fr a lng time, the curtain faded away. (所给词的正确形式填空)
45、The text is t difficult. The explanatin f ur teacher will help make it easy ________ (understand). (所给词的正确形式填空)
46、I remembered ________ (lck) the dr befre I left the ffice, but frgt t turn ff the lights. (所给词的适当形式填空）
五、短文填空
47、In yur daily life，there are many examples where yur parents cntrl hundreds ①________ things fr yu when yu are a kid，such as the clthes yu wear，the fd yu eat，where yu g and hw yu get there. It is a gd thing. Kids need this kind f ②________ (prtect) and help because they are nt ld enugh t take care f ③________ and make decisins ④________ (crrect). But with kids grwing ⑤________ (ld)，the part f being a teen is develping yur wn identity—ne that ⑥________ (separate) frm yur parents’. Different attitudes twards events like partying may lead t arguments，because yur parents will always want t prtect yu and keep yu safe，n matter hw ld yu are. As ⑦________ result, yur parents feel it hard t get used t the new situatin with ⑧________ (increase) anxiety. What kids shuld keep in mind is ⑨________ in mst cases，yur parents can relate t what yu’re ging thrugh because they ⑩________ (be) teens nce.
六、首字母填空
48、When I received the letter, I hesitated whether t accept the i________.(根据首字母填空)
49、The first American p________ f this pera was in 1926. (根据首字母填空)
50、At a t________ cllege students learn such subjects as engineering, building, etc. (根据首字母填空)
51、Many mre firms are p________ in the grwth f demand n the wrld markets. (根据首字母填空)
52、I recgnized him i________ I saw his picture. (根据首字母填空)
53、Yur suggestin that he mney shuld be used t build a nursery schl is a________.(根据首字母填空)
七、书面表达
54、假设你是李华，从互联网上看到一个国际中学生家教组织将面向中国招聘兼职中文家教(tutr) 的广告，欢迎中国学生参加。 请写一封电子邮件申请参加。
内容主要包括：
1.自我介绍（包括中英文能力）；
2.参加意图（帮助别人学习中文和推介中国文化）；
3.希望获准。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
八、读后续写
55、阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Tday's test scre will decide wh has tpped the class, s be ready,” annunced Miss Natasha in the classrm.
Miss Natasha gt everyne's test papers, cleared her thrat t annunce the results and distributed the test papers amng the students. Everyne was nervus abut their scres that wuld be annunced sn.
Ali and Bb have been cmpetitrs since class ne and each year either ne f the tw came first in the class. This year, there was tugh cmpetitin between bth f them, and they eagerly awaited the results.
“Peter, 18,”annunced Miss Natasha as she handed him his paper,“Eric, 16, Ali, 20, Bb, 19 ... and lastly Alia, 15.”
When Miss Natasha had distributed the test papers in class, everyne fund ut that Ali beat Bb by ne mark and tpped the class. Everyne cngratulated him and Ali was happy as he accepted everyne's cngratulatins.
As Ali was abut t put his paper in his bag, he nticed that by mistake Miss Natasha had given him tw marks fr an incrrect answer. He was shcked. He rechecked his answers and realized that all his answers were crrect except fr that ne. Nw if he infrmed Miss Natasha abut it, he wuld nt nly lse tw marks but als his first psitin.
Cnsidering the situatin, he remained quiet and went hme. But all day he kept thinking abut it. Shuld he r shuldn't he tell Miss Natasha abut it? He thught that it had been already dne, and n ne wuld ntice if he didn't tell anyne, but then anther thught crssed his mind. If he didn't tell the teacher abut it and stayed the psitin-hlder in class, he wuldn't rightfully take the psitin as it clearly belnged t Bb.
This situatin put Ali in a hard psitin. His parents always taught him t d the right thing, but ding the right thing here meant he wuld lse his first psitin. He remembered hw everyne cheered fr him and cngratulated him in class.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
He knew that by infrming the teacher abut it, he wuld lse it all.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“My sn, yu are a brave and hnest by s just d what yu think is right,”his mum cntinued.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
九、单词拼写
56、The thery was ________（最初）received with great skepticism by her fellw scientists.(根据汉语意思填空)
57、He shwed an ________（感激）f what we’ve dne fr him. (根据汉语意思单词拼写)
58、He failed t prepare ________（充分地）fr the task befre him. (根据汉语意思填空)
59、The dctr's ________ (指示) must be fulfilled exactly. (根据汉语提示单词拼写）
参考答案
1、答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Mst peple knw that listening t music when they are feeling dwn r depressed can encurage their spirits.(很多人知道当他们心情不好或者沮丧时，听音乐可以鼓舞他们的精神)”由此判断出，音乐可以在很多方面给你带来好处，故选A。
2、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“That can be sad, and wh amng us hasn't put n a painful lve sng t share in the misery after a bad break-up?(那可以是悲伤的，我们中谁没有在糟糕的分手后播放一首痛苦的歌曲来分享其中的悲惨呢？)”由此判断出，我们听悲伤的音乐时，可能会回忆起悲伤的过去。故选B。
3、答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“听音乐可以鼓舞人们的精神”，再结合每一段的主题句：music, especially certain tnes can reduce stress(音乐，尤其是特定的曲调，可以减少压力)；Music has als been shwn nt nly t make yu feel gd, but als, t be a great mtivatr.(音乐被证明不仅能使你感觉好，也可以是一个巨大的动力)；Music is mainly used t recrd emtin.(音乐主要用来记录情感)可知，文章主要讲述了音乐对人的积极影响，所以D项“音乐如何改变你的生活”适合作为文章标题，故选D。
4、答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。第二段中，作者用具体数据说明了大树损失在各个地区的严重程度，没有任何地区幸免或不受影响，故选A。
5、答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Aggressive wildfire cntrl has left Califrnia frests crwded with small trees that cmpete with big trees fr resurces(资源).可知，对野火的控制使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，与大树争夺资源，也就是对野火的控制是善意的，但对大树产生了不利的影响。故选D。
6、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段the biggest factrs driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees t lse mre water t the air, and earlier snwmelt, which reduces the water supply available t trees during the dry seasn.可知，造成加州水资源短缺的最大因素是温度升高，这导致树木向空气中流失更多的水分，以及更早的融雪，这减少了旱季对树木的供水量。故选C。
7、答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经损失了一半的大树，文章分析了引起该现象的几个主要因素。全文围绕“加州森林的大树都去哪儿了”话题展开，故选项A。
8、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。本题题干意为：根据文章，下列哪项与生态住宅的可持续性无关?根据文章第一段“What defines an ec-huse? There are tw features t take int cnsideratin. Firstly, the energy efficiency and carbn emissins assciated with running the huse, and then the type f cnstructin materials used, their assciated emissins and the raw materials required. ”生态住宅的定义是什么?有两个特性需要考虑。首先是与运行房屋相关的能源效率和碳排放，然后是使用的建筑材料的类型，它们的相关排放和所需的原材料。可知房屋设计师释放的碳排放和房屋的碳排放量并不相关。故答案为C项。
9、答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Heating is the biggest emissins factr fr any huse. It is really rather simple t slve this prblem — make a huse extremely energy efficient and this will n lnger be a factr. Ultra lw energy huses have becme knwn as Passive huses, where a certain set f design characteristics help t imprve efficiencies. Yu need a very high level f insulatin in the walls and rf. Glass shuld be suitably psitined t ptimize slar gaintucmrr (heat frm the sun). The huse needs t be very well engineered s n heat is lst thrugh cracks r prly fitted windws and drs.” 对于任何房子来说，供暖都是最大的排放因素。要解决这个问题其实很简单——让房子非常节能，而这将不再是一个因素。超低能耗房屋被称为被动式房屋，其设计特点有助于提高效率。你需要在墙壁和屋顶上有很高的隔热层。玻璃应该放置在合适的位置，以优化太阳的热量。房子需要精心设计，这样就不会有热量通过裂缝或不合适的门窗流失。可知被动式房屋内部的环境条件可能不太舒适。故答案为D项。
10、答案：D
解析：推理判断题。本题题干意为：关于Baufritz建造房屋的方式，下列哪个说法是正确的?根据文章倒数第二段“As all ur huses are manufactured in ur state-f-the-art factry, waste is kept t an abslute minimum.”由于我们所有的房子都是在我们最先进的工厂制造的，所以废物被保持在绝对最小的水平。和最后一段“All huses are prefabricated at ur state-f-the-art factry in Erkheim, Germany, and then assembled n site”所有的房屋都是在我们位于德国埃尔凯姆的先进工厂预制的，然后在现场组装。可知房子都是在他们的工厂制造，以减少成本和浪费。故答案为D项。
11、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。本题题干意为：作者写这篇文章的目的是? 文章主要讲的是Baufritz是一家获得了与房屋可持续性相关的奖项公司，还开发了“霍伊兹”绝缘。霍伊兹由天然木材废料制成，被放置在木结构房屋的内层和外层之间，以创造最高水平的绝缘。Baufritz用许多方法来解决高碳足迹和自然资源的开发的这个问题。可知文章主要的是为Baufritz做广告，说明他是一家生态住宅建筑商故答案为B项。
12、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。由第2段第2句The huge army was meant t prtect the tmb f the first ruler f China. The first emperr f China, Qin Shihuang.可知，兵马俑就是为了保护秦始皇。故选D。
13、答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。通读第3段可知，该段主要讲述了兵马俑颜色的问题。由After being expsed t air during excavatin(挖掘), the cating under the paint began t fall ff. The paint disappeared in less time than it takes t bil an egg, taking with it imprtant pieces f histry.可知，兵马俑颜色在挖掘期间颜色就迅速消失了。故选A。
14、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。由第4段第2句话Archaelgists have recently discvered an area with mre than a hundred sldiers.可知，考古学家最近发现了一个拥有100多个兵马俑的地方。故选A。
15、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。由第4段倒数第2句The next challenge, says Rng, is t find a way t apply the clrs t the army again.Once that happens,artists can bring Emperr Qin's army back t life in full, vivid clr.可知，下个挑战是找到方法使兵马俑重新涂上颜色。故选D。
16、答案：①-⑤BDGFA
解析：这是一篇说明文。随着水污染的加剧，人人都应参与应对此问题。文章就应该如何做，给出了一些建议，例如：不要乱扔垃圾；明智地用水；减少化学物质对水的污染；按照相关法律行事；加入教育人们水污染危害的团体。
①根据上文“Yu shuld never thrw rubbish away.”(你不应该乱扔垃圾)可知，下文应该讲述要把垃圾扔在垃圾箱，B. Always lk fr the crrect waste bin(去找正确的垃圾箱)符合文意，故选B项。
②上文“D nt keep the tap running when it is nt in use.”(不用水时，不要让水龙头一直开着)与D. Als, yu can reduce the amunt f water in washing and bathing(此外，你也可以减少洗涤和沐浴的用水量)承接自然，上下文是并列关系，且话题一致，都符合本段中心句“Use water wisely”(明智地用水)的话题，故选D项。
③上文“If yu live clse t a water bdy, try t plant trees and flwers arund yur hme, s that when it rains, chemicals frm yur hme d nt easily flw int the water.”(如果你住在离水体较近的地方，尽量在你家周围种植树和花，这样当下雨时，来自你家的化学物质就不容易流进水里)与G. If yu use chemicals fr yur farms, be careful nt t veruse pesticides(杀虫剂)(如果你为你的农场使用化学物质，小心不要过度使用杀虫剂)承接自然，上下文句式相同，且话题一致，都讲述如何减少化学物品对水体的污染。故选G项。
④下文“These laws are directed at industries ,hspitals, schls and market areas n hw t treat and manage sewage (污水).”(这些法律在如何对待和管理污水问题上对工业、医院、学校和市场进行指导)与F. Many gvernments have strict laws that help reduce water pllutin(许多政府都有严格法律来帮助减少水污染)承接自然，上下文话题一致，都讲述通过法律手段减少水污染。且下文的these laws就指代选项中的strict laws。故选F项。
⑤上文“There are als lts f rganizatins and grups that help educate peple n the dangers f water pllutin.”(也有很多帮助教育人们关于水污染危险的组织和团体)与A. It is a great idea t jin these grups(加入这些团体是个好主意)承接自然，选项中的these grups就是上文的rganizatins and grups that help educate peple n the dangers f water pllutin.，此外grups是关键词，故选A项。
17、答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. reduce减少；B. avid避免；C. cmplete完成；D. cancel取消。根据后文My plan was t 2 g there a few times and get my service hurs可知，作者去流动厨房是为了获得学分，完成社区服务时间，故选C。
18、答案：B
解析：考查副词词义辨析。A. yet但是；B. just仅仅；C. even甚至；D. still仍然。根据后文but it taught me a lt可知，作者的计划仅仅是获得学分，但是却收获了很多，故选B。
19、答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。A. fd食物；B. wrk工作；C. time时间；D. mney金钱。根据后文serving bread and juice t whever wanted it可知，流动厨房的典型志愿者就是提供吃的，故选A。
20、答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A. tired f疲倦；B. wrried abut担忧；C. respnsible fr负责；D. free frm不受…限制。根据which was a simple task.可知，作者的工作就是负责发放食物，故选C。
21、答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A. busy繁忙的；B. serius严重的；C. experienced有经验的；D. struggling困难的，挣扎的。本句描述那些接受食物的对象的情况，有些人的家庭很困难，故选D。
22、答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. hide 隐藏；B. rest休息；C. live生活；D. study学习。根据前文a place可知，需要一个地方休息，故选B。
23、答案：A
解析：考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管有些人看起来表现很差，我们总是照顾他们。A. Althugh尽管；B. If如果；C. Because因为；D. Until直到。前后句属于让步关系，故选A。
24、答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A. available有空的；B. strange奇怪的；C. pleasant令人快乐的；D. painful痛苦的。根据前文The first time I went there was right befre Christmas.可知，作者第一次去做服务是在圣诞节前夕，本该家人团聚，但是很多人还需要靠施舍的东西为生，这不是令人高兴的事，故选C。
25、答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A. wise明智的；B. hnest诚实的；C. curius好奇的；D. frtunate幸运的。根据前文It made me think abut my happy Christmas可知，看到这些场景，让作者回想起自己快乐的圣诞节，感觉自己很幸运，故选D。
26、答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. turn dwn拒绝；B. suffer frm遭受；C. pass dwn 传递；D. learn frm从…学习。根据前文Unlike them, I have a hme可知，跟他们不一样，作者有个家，不用饥寒交迫，故选B。
27、答案：A
解析：考查副词词义辨析。A. definitely当然；B. gradually逐渐地；C. equally相当；D. hardly几乎不。根据句意可知，从那时起，我明确了自己还要回去做志愿者，帮助需要帮助的人，故选A。
28、答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。A. reasn原因；B. effrt努力；C. chance机会；D. patience耐心。根据前文I culdn't ffer them much可知，作者无法提供太多的东西，但是可以奉献自己的时间和努力，故选B。
29、答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。A. stability稳定；B. guilt愧疚；C. lss迷失；D. appreciatin感激。根据后文They knw my name and they knw that I am mre than happy t可知，作者的付出得到了大家的认可和回应，故作者很感激，故选D。
30、答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A. grateful感激的；B. cnfident自信的；C. prud自豪的；D. shcked震惊的。当作者出现在那里的时候，人们很感激他，故选A.
31、答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. change改变；B. leave离开；C. frget忘记；D. help帮助。根据文章可知，作者去流动厨房做志愿者是帮助那些需要帮助的人，故选D。
32、答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. describe描述；B. waste浪费；C. brighten照亮；D. disturb打扰。根据后文I've realized that the feeling f ding gd fr peple可知，帮助别人可以照亮别人，让他们对未来充满信心和希望，故选C。
33、答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。A. reward回报；B. excuse借口；C. risk风险；D. mistake错误。根据后文any amunt f mney可知，帮助别人的感觉是任何金钱无法相比的，故选A。
34、答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. planned计划；B. regretted后悔；C. frgiven原谅；D. understd理解。根据后文But I will cntinue my vlunteer wrk可知，作者很满足自己的志愿者工作，不后悔，还会继续下去，故选B。
35、答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. reminds提醒；B. cnfuses使迷惑；C. encurages鼓舞；D. disappints使失望。根据句意可知，有些人非法建立流动厨房，这让作者很失望，故选D。
36、答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。A. talent天赋；B. cncern担忧，关心；C. kindness善意；D. weakness弱点。根据前文I will cntinue my vlunteer wrk可知，作者会继续自己的志愿者服务，表示对那些需要帮助的人的善意，故选C。
37、答案：weighing
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我们非常兴奋，一个重达10吨的卫星在昨天被成功放入轨道。分析句子可知，设空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，weigh作为“重达，有……多重”之意时只有主动形式，故应用现在分词。故填weighing。
38、答案：cmpleted
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：工作完成后，商人又埋头吃饭，心里非常高兴。此处为with的复合结构“with+名词+过去分词”，cmplete与wrk构成被动关系，故应用过去分词。故填cmpleted。
39、答案：Being admitted
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：正如许多父母所相信的那样，被一所顶级高中录取将会保障他们的孩子上一所好的大学。分析句子可知，设空处是主句主语，应用动名词形式，admit和逻辑主语their children之间是被动关系，应用动名词的被动形式being dne。故填Being admitted。
40、答案：tre
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我宁愿你明天把这些文件撕成碎片。wuld rather“宁愿”后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，与现在或将来事实相反用一般过去时，与过去事实相反用过去完成时。由tmrrw可知此处与将来的事实相反，应用一般过去时。故填tre。
41、答案：t intrduce
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我想让你把我们的新朋友介绍给在座的来宾。设空处在句中作非谓语，固定搭配wuld like sb t d sth想要某人做某事。故答案为t intrduce。
42、答案：t find
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我们无法想象士兵们寻找这些文物时所费的力气。此处为定语从句修饰先行词truble，先行词在从句中作宾语，省略了关系词，且根据短语take truble t d sth.表示“费劲去做”，可知应填不定式。故填t find。
43、答案：stpping
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：研究者已经研究了几个小时，只停下喝了点水。分析句子结构可知，stp应使用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语The researchers之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填stpping。
44、答案：Having been expsed
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：句意：窗帘在阳光下曝晒了很长时间，褪色了。分析句子结构可知expse在句中应用非谓语动词形式，be expsed t暴露于，且expse这一动作明显发生在谓语动词faded之前，故应用现在分词的完成式作状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Having been expsed。
45、答案：t understand
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这篇文章很难。我们老师的解释将有助于容易理解。此处用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。此种用法常用于"make+it+性质形容词+不定式"结构中。此类形容词有easy,hard,interesting等。故答案为t understand。
46、答案：lcking
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我记得离开办公室前锁门了，但忘了关灯。根据句意及but frgt t turn ff the lights可知，此处使用固定短语remember ding sth.“记得做过某事”。故填lcking。
47、答案：①f②prtectin③themselves④crrectly⑤lder⑥is separated⑦a⑧increasing⑨that⑩were
解析：本文属于说明文，父母为了保护孩子会控制孩子的很多方面，但是随着年龄的增长，父母与孩子之间就会为此产生争论，但是父母保护子女的想法没有改变过。
①考查介词。句意：在你日常生活中，父母会干涉你的很多东西，比如吃的东西，穿的衣服，外出等，这样的例子举不胜数。本句为短语hundreds f 成百上千，故填f。
②考查名词。句意：孩子需要这种保护和帮助，因为孩子还不能照顾好自己和做出正确的决定。由于有this kind f 修饰，所以空处用单数名词prtectin。故用名词prtectin。
③考查代词。句意：孩子需要这种保护和帮助，因为孩子还不能照顾好自己和做出正确的决定。分析本句，本句主语为they，谓语为take care f，结合语境可知，孩子照顾自己，故用反身代词作宾语，故填themselves。
④考查副词。句意：孩子需要这种保护和帮助，因为孩子还不能照顾好自己和做出正确的决定。修饰make decisin用副词作状语，故填crrectly。
⑤考查形容词。句意：但随着孩子长大，作为青春期的一部分，你会有自己的人格和认知，这些东西跟你父母的不一样。根据后文being teen以及句意可知，但随着孩子长大，所以用形容词的比较级。故填lder。
⑥考查时态语态。句意：当你长大一点，作为青春期的一部分，你会有自己的人格和认知，这些东西跟你父母的不一样。分析句子，that引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词ne，而从句缺乏谓语，而separate与主语属于动宾关系，故用被动语态，整篇文章用一般现在时，故填is separated。
⑦考查冠词。句意：因此，你的父母很难适应这种新的情况，因而焦虑与日俱增。本句为固定短语as a result因此，故填a。
⑧考查动词非谓语。句意：因此，你的父母很难适应这种新的情况，因而焦虑与日俱增。分析句子，修饰anxiety用非谓语作定语，而increase与其逻辑主语anxiety属于主谓关系，故填increasing。
⑨考查宾语从句。句意：孩子请记住，你的父母可以把你们经历的东西联系起来，因为他们都是从青少年过来的。本句为结构keep it in mind that 记住…，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为从句，同时分析从句，从句的结构和成分完整，故用连接词that。故填that。
⑩考查一般过去时。句意：孩子请记住，你的父母可以把你们经历的东西联系起来，因为他们都是从青少年过来的。本句为一般过去时，主语为they，因而用过去时were。故填were。
48、答案：invitatin
解析：考查名词。句意：当我收到信时，我犹豫是否接受邀请。根据上文定冠词the可知应填名词invitatin，作宾语，此处表示“邀请”之一行为，invitatin为不可数名词。故填invitatin。
49、答案：perfrmance
解析：考查名词。句意：这部歌剧在美国的第一次演出是在1926年。根据所给句子和首字母提示可推出是名词perfrmance“演出，表演”，该词作为句子主语，由语境和the first判断用单数名词。故填perfrmance。
50、答案：technical
解析：考查形容词。句意：在技术学院，学生们学习工程、建筑等课程。根据单词首字母以及句意“技术”，可知应填形容词technical，做定语修饰后文名词cllege。故填technical。
51、答案：participating
解析：考查动词。句意：更多的公司参与到世界市场需求的增长中来。空处应填一个动词，结合句意和首字母提示可知，participate符合题意，participate in参加，是固定短语，根据空前的are可知，句子是现在进行时，故填participating。
52、答案：instantly/immediately
解析：考查连词。句意：我一看到他的照片就认出了他。根据所给句子和首字母提示可推出是连词instantly/immediately“一……就……”，该词引导时间状语从句。故填instantly/ immediately。
53、答案：admirable
解析：考查形容词。句意：你建议用这笔钱建一所幼儿园，这是令人钦佩的。根据单词首字母以及句意“令人钦佩的”，可知应填形容词admirable，作表语。故填admirable。
54、答案：
Dear sir r Madam,
I’m Li Hua, a senir middle schl student frm China. I happened t read the advertisement that yu have psted n the Internet, emplying Chinese students as part-time tutr f the Chinese language. I am interested in it. I knw that yu welcme students frm China and I’d like t get this jb.
Fr me, Chinese is my native tngue and I’m excellent at it. Besides, I’ve been learning English fr 9 years with a gd cmmand f spken and written English. I’m willing t help freigners learn Chinese well and intrduce Chinese culture t the wrld as well.
I hpe I will be accepted as a member f yurs.
Lking frward t yur reply!
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
解析：本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封电子邮件申请参加一个国际中学生家教组织成为兼职中文家教。
1.词汇积累
碰巧做某事：happen t d=d sth by chance
雇佣：emply→hire
出色的：excellent→utstanding
掌握：cmmand→mastery
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Fr me, Chinese is my native tngue and I’m excellent at it.
拓展句：Fr me, Chinese is my native tngue which I’m excellent at.
[高分句型1] I happened t read the advertisement that yu have psted n the Internet, emplying Chinese students as part-time tutr f the Chinese language. (运用了that引导的定语从句和现在分词作定语)
[高分句型2] I knw that yu welcme students frm China and I’d like t get this jb. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
55、答案：
He knew that by infrming the teacher abut it, he wuld lse it all. As he fught with his thughts, his mum asked him,“What's the matter?”“Mum, what if ding the right thing wuld mean yu wuld lse smething?”he asked in reply.“Sn, if it is the right thing t d, then I am sure yu will be rewarded fr it. A wrng thing may seem attractive at first, but if it is wrng, it will hurt us smeday,” his mum said.
“My sn, yu are a brave and hnest by s just d what yu think is right,”his mum cntinued. The next day in class, Miss Natasha annunced,“Tday Ali has dne what nly a few f us wuld have the curage t d. He came t me and tld me that I had mistakenly given him tw marks and he was right abut it, s the first psitin ges t Bb, nt Ali.” Everyne, even Bb, was surprised by this develpment. After the class, Bb asked Ali,“Why did yu d that?”Ali simply replied,“Because it was the right thing t d.
解析：本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Ali和Bb一直是竞争对手，这一次Ali以一分的优势胜过了Bb，成为班上第一。但Ali在收拾卷子时却发现Natasha小姐改错了一个题，Ali如果把这件事告诉Natasha小姐，他不仅会失去两分，而且还会失去第一名的位置，Ali犹豫不决。最后在妈妈的建议下，Ali第二天还是告诉了Natasha小姐分数改错了的事情，将第一的位置让给了Bb。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“他知道如果把这件事告诉老师，他就会失去一切。”可知，第一段可描写Ali和妈妈的对话，妈妈告诉Ali要相信做正确的事情会得到回报，一件错误的事情一开始可能看起来很吸引人，但如果它是错误的，有一天它会伤害我们。
②由第二段首句内容“‘我的儿子，你是一个勇敢而诚实的孩子，所以就去做你认为对的事。’他的妈妈继续说。”可知，第二段可描写Natasha小姐在班上宣布了Ali告诉她分数改错的事情，把第一名让给了Bb。
2.续写线索：Ali思想斗争——妈妈讲道理——妈妈鼓励做正确的事情——Ali说出真相——第一名让给了Bb
3.词汇激活
行为类
询问：ask / wnder/inquiry
回报：be rewarded fr / pay ff
宣布：annunce/ declare
情绪类
吃惊：surprised / astnished / amazed
勇敢：curageus / brave
[高分句型1] As he fught with his thughts, his mum asked him, “What's the matter?”(运用了as引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] He came t me and tld me that I had mistakenly given him tw marks and he was right abut it, s the first psitin ges t Bb, nt Ali. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
56、答案：initially
解析：考查副词。句意：这个理论最初受到了她的科学家同行们的极大怀疑。根据所给句子和汉语提示可推出是副词initially“最初”，该词修饰动词was received，作状语。故填initially。
57、答案：appreciatin
解析：考查名词。句意：他对我们为他所做的一切表示感谢。根据汉语意思“感激”可知应填名词appreciatin，作宾语，上文an提示应填单数名词。故填appreciatin。
58、答案：adequately
解析：考查副词。句意：他没有充分地为眼前的任务做准备。根据所给句子和汉语提示可推出是副词adequately“充分地”，该词修饰动词prepare，作状语。故填adequately。
59、答案：instructins
解析：考查名词。句意：医生的指示必须严格执行。根据汉语提示“指示”可知，应填名词instructin作主语，此处需用复数形式。故填instructins。