江苏省前黄高级中学2022-2023学年高二上学期第一次学情检测英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份江苏省前黄高级中学2022-2023学年高二上学期第一次学情检测英语试卷(含答案)，共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，书面表达，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。


一、阅读理解
My favurite Bks
—Psted by Catherine Chung. a great writer
Stries f Yur Life and Others by Ted Chiang
This cllectin cntains several maths stries. The ne I recmmend is Divisin By Zer, abut Jane Parkinsn, a brilliant German mathematician. T her great despair, she ends up prving that mathematics is incnsistent and is able t prve that any tw numbers are equal. A beautiful, thught-prvking(发人深省的)stry abut belief, understanding，and faith.
The Husekeeper and the Prfessr by Yk Ogawa
It's abut a wman wh cmes t wrk fr a nce-great mathematician. Due t a brain injury, he has nly 80 minutes f shrt-term memry available t him befre he frgets everything. It is filled with beautiful maths, simply and clearly described alngside finely drawn relatinships between the characters.
T Much Happiness by Alice Munr
Kvalevskaya was a 19th-century mathematician at a time when wmen were nt allwed in mst f Eurpe t attend university. She married a man wh prmised t take her t Germany t study. She made majr cntributins t the field and became the first wman in Russia t btain a dctrate in mathematics.
The Ore Miner's Wife by Karl Iagnemma
It is abut a miner wh thinks he's discvered the prf t the prblem: cnstruct a square, equal in area t a given circle. His wife, nt knwing what has suddenly taken his attentin and his time, fears he is being unfaithful. A mving explratin f the jys f entering a prblem whle and the desire and impssibility f truly knwing thse we lve.
1、What des "I" refer t in Paragraph 1?
A. Catherine Chung.B. Ted Chiang.C. Jane Parkinsn.D. Yk Ogawa.
2、Which bk is abut a pineering Russian wman mathematician?
A. Stries f Yur Life and Others.B. The Husekeeper and the Prfessr.
C. T Much Happiness.D. The Ore Miner's Wife.
3、What d the listed bks have in cmmn?
A. They tell lve stries.B. They invlve mathematics.
C. They explre human relatinship.D. They reveal peple's inner wrld.
Figure skating, speed skating, and ice hckey can all trace their beginnings t early civilizatins that fastened animal bnes t their feet t skate n ice, accrding t A Dictinary f British Histry. Bne runners fund in Switzerland date as far back as 3000 B. C. and there is als evidence f ice skating in Scandinavia in the Middle Ages.
Mdern skating likely gt its start in the Netherlands, where it was cnsidered a natinal recreatin in the early 17th century, when nbles skated n frzen canals fr fun. Wealthy Eurpeans picked up the sprt while visiting the Netherlands, and British ryals sn brught skating back t England in the late 1600s. When the Thames frze ver in 1683, skating was amng the many recreatins at Lndn’s famus winter fair n the ice, which King Charles II attended.
At the end f the 18th century, American ballet dancer Jacksn Haines transfrmed the sprt int what is nw knwn as figure skating by intrducing elements f ballet t the ice. Accrding t the Dictinary f American Histry, Haines skated in bear and ballet cstumes and tured with exhibitins acrss Eurpe, where he was mst admired in Vienna, Austria.
Ice skating evlved int ther sprts, including speed skating and ice hckey. Speed skating has been arund as early as Dutch peple dared t race n their skates, but hckey develped in 19th century Canada as an icy versin f field hckey. Bth were well-established by the 1900s, s they were n the list in the first Winter Olympics.
Since the 1900s, different ice skating clubs have been funded arund the Western wrld. As interest grew, the clubs’ membership increased ver the next 50 years. By the end f 20thcentury, ice skating was s widespread that it was ne f the few recreatins enjyed by almst every westerner.
4、Which f the fllwing is the ldest sprt accrding t the text?
A. Ice hckey.B. Speed skating.
C. Bne running.D. Figure skating.
5、Wh cntributed mst t the figure skating?
A. British ryals.B. Jacksn Haines.
C. Dutch peple.D. King Charles II.
6、In what rder did the authr write the passage?
A. In rder f imprtance.B. In rder f place.
C. In rder f time.D. In rder f frequency.
7、What des the text mainly talk abut?
A. Hw ice skating came int sptlight.
B. Hw ice skating became well-received.
C. Why ice skating is famus in the wrld.
D. Why ice skating enters Winter Olympics.
Peple wh regularly sleep fr six hurs r less each night in middle age are mre likely t develp dementia than thse wh rutinely manage seven hurs, accrding t a majr study int the disease.
Researchers fund a 30% greater risk f dementia in thse wh during their 50s, 60s and 70s cnsistently had a shrt night's sleep, regardless f ther risk factrs such as heart cnditin and pr mental health.
Sabia, an authr f the study at the university f Paris and her clleagues analyzed survey data frm University Cllege Lndn's Whitehall study, which launched in 1985 and fllwed the health and lifestyles f mre than 10,000 British vlunteers. The French team fcused n nearly 8,000 participants wh self-reprted their sleep patterns.
During 25 years f fllw-up. 521 participants develped dementia, with mst diagnsed in their late 70s. Writing in Nature Cmmunicatins, the scientists described hw thse wh rutinely gt six hurs f sleep r less each night in their 50s and 60s were 30% mre likely t develp dementia than thse wh typically managed seven hurs.
The study des nt prve that sleeping t little causes dementia, since sleep lss itself may be ne f the earliest symptms f the disease. But sme scientists believe the results strengthen evidence that cntinuus pr sleep may at least cntribute t the disease.
The first pathlgical changes that lead t dementia ccur ne t tw decades befre the disease becmes bvius, as sticky prteins called amylid build up in the brain. When the 1985 Whitehall study first assessed the sleep f vlunteers wh later develped dementia, this prcess had prbably nt started. This meant that if they were sleeping t little, it was unlikely t have been caused by dementia-related brain changes.
“It strengthens the evidence that pr sleep in middle age culd cause r wrsen dementia in later life,” said Dr. Liz Culthard, a cnsultant senir lecturer in dementia neurlgy. “It makes sense t take measures t imprve sleep such as ging utside during daylight hurs t help maintain the natural rhythms that prmte gd sleep, aviding t much alchl r caffeine, particularly befre bed, and finding a bedtime rutine that wrks fr yu.”
8、What risk factr fr dementia des the passage fcus n?
A. Sleep lss.B. Age.
C. Pr mental health.D. Heart cnditin.
9、Hw did French scientists get the research findings?
A. By making a cmparisn.B. By mnitring sleep patterns.
C. By interviewing British vlunteers.D. By analyzing previus survey data.
10、In what tne d the scientists talk abut the research?
A. Casual.B. Dubtful.C. Negative.D. Cautius.
11、What is the purpse f the last paragraph?
A. T give examples.B. T cllect prfs.
C. T ffer suggestins.D. T present arguments.
In the animal kingdm, killer whales(虎鲸) are scial stars: they travel in varied family grups, care fr grandchildren, and even imitate human speech. Nw, scientists are adding ne mre behavir t the list: frming fast friendships. A new study shws killer whales can rival animals such as chimpanzees and macaques (a kind f mnkey), and even humans when it cmes t the kind f “scial tuch” that indicates strng bnds.
Sme cean animals maintain scial structures—including male dlphins that learn the “names” f their clse allies(盟友). But there is little data abut wild killer whales. That’s where drne technlgy came in. Michael Weiss, a behaviral eclgist, teamed up with his clleagues t launch drnes, flying them 30 t 120 meters abve a grup f killer whales. That was high enugh nt t truble the whales, marking the first time drnes have been used t study friendly physical cntact in whales.
The researchers recrded ver 800 instances f physical cntact between individuals. Thse included hugs, back-t-back and nse-t-nse tuches between pairs f whales. Other whales playfully threw yung whales int the air, letting them fall int the water. Besides, the drne images revealed clear preferences amng individuals, usually fr ne “best friend” f the same sex and age. Take J49 and J51—tw distantly related yung males aged 9 and 6—fr instance. “Every time yu see a grup f whales, thse tw are right there interacting with each ther,” Weiss says.
The yung led mst f these interactins, rather than the lder females r males. Older males in particular were less imprtant. “The yung individuals really seem t be the glue(胶水) hlding the grups tgether,” Weiss says. As individuals age, this gradual lss f “centrality” is knwn in many scial mammals, including humans. That finding is “especially appealing” t Stacey Tect, wh wasn’t invlved in the study. “Scientists have lng bserved this scial aging trend in animals, but there are still many unanswered questins,” she says. That’s certainly n the researchers’ radar. “We’re already gathering new data, with mre advanced equipment,” says Weiss.
12、What des the underlined wrd “rival” in Paragraph l prbably mean?
A. Benefit frm.B. Be equal t.C. Depend n.D. Be fnd f.
13、What is new abut Weiss’ research?
A. The research methd.B. The variety f species.
C. The size f the research team. D. The time spent n the research.
14、What did Weiss find abut J49 and J51?
A. They have a stable friendship.
B. Their interactins are mre cmplicated.
C. Their cmmunicating ways change frequently.
D. They prefer playing with yung female whales.
15、What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A. Mre researchers will be invlved in the study.
B. Other scientists take a negative attitude t the research.
C. Researchers will cllect mre data t study killer whales.
D. Researchers will uncver the scial aging trend in animals sn.
二、七选五
16、I am ging t discuss sme f the chices available t yu and which jbs are best suited t yu: ppular jbs, mre unusual jbs r everyday jbs.
①________ Sme jbs may seem dull but are imprtant t sciety, while thers can appear exciting but are actually difficult and bring. One example is the s-called “cl jb” f being a mdel r an actr. These peple seem t be living a better life than thers. Actually, they have t make far greater effrts than rdinary peple and nly a few f them are successful. Meanwhile, thse wh are successful and famus have t deal with cnstant media attentin. ②________
Other ppular prfessins include careers in law r business. Many peple have ambitins t becme successful as a lawyer r business persn. ③________ These can be well-paid and interesting jbs, but yu als have t wrk lng hurs.
On the ther hand, sme peple find mre unusual jbs suited t their talents and interests. Once I met a yung man whse jb was t check nise pllutin in a park zne. He lved camping, and his jb was like a hliday fr him. ④________ There are many ther peple ding unusual jbs, and they lve their jbs, which might nt be ppular, but are interesting.
Likewise, many rdinary jbs, such as shpkeepers, drivers and barbers, may lk plain, but they are necessary t sciety. Withut them, we wuld nt g abut ur daily lives.
When yu think abut yur future career, remember sme cl jbs can be rather difficult and that sme rdinary jbs can be quite imprtant. ⑤________
A. It des nt seem that cl nw, des it?
B. It was easy t see that he enjyed ding his jb.
C. All f them tgether, thugh, help sciety functin.
D. He’s bred as his nly neighbrs were the birds in the nearby trees.
E. When chsing a career, yu shuld cnsider all the aspects f a jb.
F. They wear diamnds, g t parties and relax n cushins in private jets.
G. Hwever, they may ignre the stress and pressure that cme with these jbs.
三、完形填空（15空）
I was cleaning ut a cupbard the ther day when I made an amazing discvery. Inside I 1 the manuscript (手稿) fr a nvel. It included an utline f the 2 and a pile f typed pages telling a stry. It was written, t my 3 , by my father wh has been dead fr mre than 50 years. It isn’t 4 , as nvels g, perhaps fifty r sixty typed pages, but withut my 5 it has smehw accmpanied me thrugh my years f 6 , several jbs, a marriage, the birth f my children and grandchildren, retirement and even a relcatin acrss the cuntry where I live.
Yet there it was, resting under a lt f paper t be recycled. I might have 7 my father’s legacy (遗产). I was truly 8 by my discvery.
I’m in the middle f reading anther bk 9 my dad’s nvel has a place n my bed-side table. I want t have sme 10 time fr it s I haven’t 11 examined it yet. I’m ging t spend a whle afternn t give it the 12 it deserves. As yet I dn’t knw what the stry line is abut and I dn’t even knw if it is cmplete but I 13 a highly emtinal prcess f finding ut.
I find it fascinating t think that this culd happen; that after mre than fifty years my father culd 14 his nly sn thrugh the mists f time. It’s ne f thse things that we dn’t see cming and that make life s 15 .
17、A. lckedB. fundC. placedD. hid
18、A. ntesB. reviewsC. chaptersD. references
19、A. regretB. reliefC. satisfactinD. amazement
20、A. lngB. funC. ppularD. rmantic
21、A. supprtB. knwledgeC. apprvalD. reach
22、A. lifeB. writingC. reflectinD. educatin
23、A. cleared awayB. passed dwnC. cunted nD. handed ut
24、A. btheredB. caughtC. shakenD. disturbed
25、A. rB. sC. butD. fr
26、A. easyB. quickC. rughD. clear
27、A. brieflyB. clselyC. happilyD. calmly
28、A. hnrB. cmmentC. rewardD. attentin
29、A. designB. anticipateC. evaluateD. recrd
30、A. tuchB. raiseC. helpD. prtect
31、A. peacefulB. successfulC. interestingD. smth
四、短文填空
32、The pening ceremny f the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games n the evening f Feb 4 was different, yet spectacular (引人入胜的). The audiences were treated t a pared-dwn(简约的) ceremny, ①________ the large-scale artistic perfrmances that marked the 2008 pening ceremny, ②________ it was n less symblic—symblic f a shared future fr humankind. The final trch (火炬) at the snwflake-themed ceremny was small, yet the flames cnveyed significant messages f ③________ (green) Olympic Games. The use f ④________ (advance) technlgies such as artificial intelligence, machine visin, 5G and clud bradcasting ⑤________ (add) t the nvelty f the pening ceremny. The perfrmances, carrying frward the theme f glbal peace and a shared future fr humankind, fcused n envirnmental prtectin and human health, ⑥________ (highlight) the imprtance f sprts t instill (灌输) new cnfidence in the internatinal cmmunity ⑦________ (cntain) the pandemic (瘟疫). Thrugh the pening ceremny n Feb. 4, peple can clearly see China’s pursuit f building a peaceful wrld, its ⑧________ (reflect) f the new Olympic mtt f “Faster, Higher, Strnger, Tgether” and the Beijing Winter Games’ mtt f “tgether fr a shared future”.
Tday, with ver 300 millin peple ⑨________ (engage) in winter sprts in abut 2000 ski resrts and ice rinks, China is becming a winter sprt cuntry. This extrardinary achievement pens a new era fr glbal winter sprt, ⑩________ will raise the glbal participatin t new levels, benefiting the Chinese peple as well as winter sprt enthusiasts arund the wrld.
五、书面表达
33、假如你是李华。你打算到China Daily参加记者面试。请根据以下要点,用英语写一封自荐信。
1.应聘原因：公司声望、个人梦想；
2.个人能力：懂英语,善编辑,对新闻有敏感在嗅觉,善沟通,团队意识强等；
3.决心与愿望。
注意：
1.词数100左右。信的格式已给出,不计入总词数；
2.可适当发挥,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：
声望：reputatin 资格 qualificatin
Dear Sir,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Lking frward t yur reply. Best wishes.
Yurs,
Li Hua
六、读后续写
34、阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was unusually cld that year n December 25. The snwstrm swept acrss my city, with biting wind piercing (划破) the silence f the empty street.
I was a nurse n duty in the emergency rm. Seated behind my desk, I stared thrugh the glass windw int the dark sky. I didn’t think there wuld be any patients, sighing abut having t wrk n Christmas, when almst all the peple were enjying their family members’ cmpany. Just then, five peple shwed up in frnt f my desk, a pale wman and fur small children. I rse t my feet immediately.
“Are yu all sick?” I asked suspiciusly.
“Yes.” she said weakly and lwered her head.
But when it came t descriptins f their presenting prblems, things gt a little cnfusing. Tw f the children had headaches, but the headaches weren’t accmpanied by the nrmal bdy language f hlding the head r trying t keep it still. Tw children had earaches, but nly ne culd tell me which ear was affected. The mther cmplained f a cugh but seemed t wrk t prduce it.
Smething was wrng, but I didn’t say anything and explained that it might be a little while befre a dctr saw her. She respnded, “Take yur time; it’s warm here.”
On a hunch (出于直觉), I checked the chart after the admitting clerk had finished registering the family. N address—they were hmeless. And the waiting rm was warm and cmfrtable.
I lked ut at the family huddled (蜷缩) by the Christmas tree. The little ne was clapping his hands and stamping his feet, with his eyes fixed n the televisin screen while the bigger ne was pinting at the televisin and yelling smething at her mther. The ldest ne was lking at an rnament(装饰) n the Christmas tree.
注意:
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
I returned t the nurses’ statin.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
We prepared a big dinner fr ur Christmas guests.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1、答案：A
解析：词句猜测题。根据文章标题"My favurite Bks—Psted by Catherine Chung. a great writer(我最喜欢的书由—Chung发布。一个伟大的作家)"可知，本文是以作家Catherine Chung为第一视角的记叙文，介绍她喜欢的书，由此可推知文中的第一人称I，指的是Catherine Chung,故选A。
2、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。 根据T Much Happiness by Alice Munr段落内容"Kvalevskaya was a 19th-century mathematician at a time when wmen were nt allwed in mst f Eurpe t attend university. She married a man wh prmised t take her t Germany t study. She made majr cntributins t the field and became the first wman in Russia t btain a dctrate in mathematics.(科瓦列夫斯卡娅是一名19世纪的数学家，当时欧洲大部分国家都不允许女性上大学。她嫁给了一个答应带她去德国学习的人。她在这一领域做出了重大贡献，成为俄罗斯第一位获得数学博士学位的女性。）"可知，T Much Happiness这本书是关于俄罗斯女数学家的先驱科瓦列夫斯卡婭的，故选C。
3、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。 根据Stries f Yur Life and Others by Ted Chiang段落内容中的"This cllectin cntains several maths stries.(这本合集里有几个数学故事。) ";The Husekeeper and the Prfessr by Yk Ogawa段落内容中的"It's abut a wman wh cmes t wrk fr a nce-great mathematician.(故事讲的是一个女人为一位曾经伟大的数学家工作。)"；T Much Happiness by Alice Munr段落内容中的"Kvalevskaya was a 19th-century mathematician(科瓦列夫斯卡娅是一名19世纪的数学家) "以及The Ore Miner's Wife by Karl Iagnemma段落内容中的"It is abut a miner wh thinks he's discvered the prf t the prblem: cnstruct a square, equal in area t a given circle.(它是关于一个矿工的，他认为自己发现了问题的证明：构造一个正方形，面积等于一个给定的圆。）"可知，列出的书籍具有的共同点是它们都包括数学。故选B。
4、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。由第一段“Figure skating, speed skating, and ice hckey can all trace their beginnings t early civilizatins that fastened animal bnes t their feet t skate n ice, accrding t A Dictinary f British Histry. Bne runners fund in Switzerland date as far back as 3000 B.C. and there is als evidence f ice skating in Scandinavia in the Middle Ages.(根据《英国历史词典》，花样滑冰、速度滑冰和冰球的起源都可以追溯到将动物骨骼固定在脚上在冰上滑冰的早期文明。在瑞士发现的跑骨者可以追溯到公元前3000年，也有证据表明在中世纪的斯堪的纳维亚半岛有滑冰的现象。)”可知，最古老的运动是Bne running，故选C。
5、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。由文章第三段“At the end f the 18th century, American ballet dancer Jacksn Haines transfrmed the sprt int what is nw knwn as figure skating by intrducing elements f ballet t the ice.(18世纪末，美国芭蕾舞演员杰克逊·海恩斯将芭蕾的元素引入冰上，将这项运动变成了现在所知的花样滑冰。)”可知，对花样滑冰运动贡献最大的是Jacksn Haines，故选B。
6、答案：C
解析：推理判断题。由第一段的“3000 B.C.(公元前3000年)”，第二段的“in the early 17th century(17世纪早期)”，“in the late 1600s(在17世纪末)”和“in 1683(1683年)”，第三段的“At the end f the 18th century(18世纪末)”，第四段的“in 19th century(19世纪)”和最后一段“By the end f 20thcentury(到20世纪末)”等表示时间的短语看出，本文是按照时间顺序来展开说明的。故选C。
7、答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。由第一段的“3000 B.C.(公元前3000年)”，第二段的“in the early 17th century(17世纪早期)”，“in the late 1600s(在17世纪末)”和“in 1683(1683年)”，第三段的“At the end f the 18th century(18世纪末)”，第四段的“in 19th century(19世纪)”和最后一段“By the end f 20thcentury(到20世纪末)”等表示时间的短语看出，本文主要讲述了不同时期不同滑冰方式是如何发展起来的，以及如何受到大家欢迎的，也就是主要讲的是滑冰是如何受到欢迎的。故选B。
8、答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段“Researchers fund a 30% greater risk f dementia in thse wh during their 50s, 60s and 70s cnsistently had a shrt night's sleep, regardless f ther risk factrs such as heart cnditin and pr mental health.(研究人员发现，无论是否存在心脏病和心理健康状况不佳等其他风险因素，那些在五六十岁和七十岁时夜间睡眠持续不足的人患痴呆症的风险要高出30%)”可知，这篇文章关注的是痴呆的风险因素是睡眠不足。故选A。
9、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sabia, an authr f the study at the university f Paris and her clleagues analyzed survey data frm University Cllege Lndn's Whitehall study, which launched in 1985 and fllwed the health and lifestyles f mre than 10,000 British vlunteers. (巴黎大学研究报告的作者之一Sabia和她的同事分析了伦敦大学学院白厅研究的调查数据。该研究于1985年启动，跟踪调查了1万多名英国志愿者的健康和生活方式)”可知，法国科学家通过分析以前的调查数据得到研究结果。故选D。
10、答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段“The study des nt prve that sleeping t little causes dementia, since sleep lss itself may be ne f the earliest symptms f the disease. But sme scientists believe the results strengthen evidence that cntinuus pr sleep may at least cntribute t the disease.(这项研究并没有证明睡眠太少会导致痴呆，因为睡眠不足本身可能是这种疾病的早期症状之一。但一些科学家认为，该研究结果进一步证明，持续睡眠不佳至少可能导致这种疾病)”可推知，科学家们用谨慎的语气谈论这项研究。故选D。
11、答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段““It strengthens the evidence that pr sleep in middle age culd cause r wrsen dementia in later life,” said Dr Liz Culthard, a cnsultant senir lecturer in dementia neurlgy. “It makes sense t take measures t imprve sleep such as ging utside during daylight hurs t help maintain the natural rhythms that prmte gd sleep, aviding t much alchl r caffeine, particularly befre bed, and finding a bedtime rutine that wrks fr yu.”(老年痴呆症神经学高级顾问讲师Liz Culthard博士说：“这进一步证明了中年睡眠不佳可能导致或恶化老年痴呆症。采取措施改善睡眠是有道理的，比如白天外出以保持促进良好睡眠的自然节奏，避免过多的酒精或咖啡因，尤其是在睡前，找到适合自己的就寝时间。”)”可推知，最后一段的目的是提供建议。故选C。
12、答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中A new study shws killer whales can rival animals such as chimpanzees and macaques (a kind f mnkey), and even humans when it cmes t the kind f "scial tuch" that indicates strng bnds.(一项新的研究表明,虎鲸在"社交接触"方面可以与黑猩猩和猕猴(一种猴子)等动物rival,甚至可以与人类相匹敌。)可知,划线部分的单词"rival"意思与后一句一致,都是“相匹敌"的意思。A.Benefit frm受益于;B.Be equal t等同于;C.Depend n依靠;D.Be fnd f喜欢。故选B。
13、答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中But there is little data abut wild killer whales. That's where drne technlgy came in. Michael Weiss, a behaviral eclgist, teamed up with his clleagues t launch drnes, flying them 30 t 120 meters abve a grup f killer whales. That was high enugh nt t truble the whales, marking the first time drnes have been used t study friendly physical cntact in whales.(但关于野生虎鲸的数据很少。这就是无人机技术的用武之地。行为生态学家迈克尔·韦斯(Michael Weiss)和他的同事们一起发射了无人机,让无人机在一群虎鲸上空30到120米的地方飞行。这一数值足以不打扰鲸鱼,这标志着无人机首次被用于研究鲸鱼的友好身体接触。)可知,关于野生虎鲸供研究的数据不多,韦斯利用无人机来了解虎鲸的生活,这是属于研究方法的改进。故选A。
14、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中Besides, the drne images revealed clear preferences amng individuals, usually fr ne "best friend" f the same sex and age. Take J49 and J51—tw distantly related yung males aged 9 and 6—fr instance. "Every time yu see a grup f whales, thse tw are right there interacting with each ther," Weiss says.(此外,无人机拍摄的照片还揭示了个体之间的明显偏好,通常是对一个同性别、同年龄的"最好的朋友"。以J49和J51为例—两个9岁和6岁的远亲年轻雄性虎鲸。Weiss说道: "每当你看到一群鲸鱼时,它们就会在那里相互交流。")可知,通过对J49和J51,两个9岁和6岁的远亲年轻雄性虎鲸研究,Weiss发现了同性别、同年龄的会成为“最好的朋友”,会相互交流。故选A。
15、答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中"Scientists have lng bserved this scial aging trend in animals, but there are still many unanswered questins," she says.(她说:"科学家们早就观察到了动物的这种社会老化趋势,但仍有许多未解之谜。")Stacey Tect所说可知,研究人员将收集更多的数据来研究虎鲸,来发现许多的未解之谜。故选C。
16、答案：①-⑤EAGBC
解析：这是一篇说明文。本篇用简洁的语言分析了社会上存在的不同职业，并深入探究了职业表面与其背后所需要付出的努力和社会价值。
①根据下文“Sme jbs may seem dull but are imprtant t sciety, while thers can appear exciting but are actually difficult and bring. (有些工作看似枯燥，但对社会很重要，而另一些工作看似令人兴奋，但实际上既困难又无聊)”可知，我们在选择职业的时候往往只看到其表面。由此可知，我们在选择职业的时候，应全面考虑这一职业的本身。E项“在选择职业时，你应该考虑工作的各个方面”符合语境，引出下文。故选E。
②空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“One example is the s-called “cl jb” f being a mdel r an actr. These peple seem t be living a better life than thers. Actually, they have t make far greater effrts than rdinary peple and nly a few f them are successful. Meanwhile, thse wh are successful and famus have t deal with cnstant media attentin (一个例子是所谓的“酷工作”，即当模特或演员。这些人似乎过着比其他人更好的生活。事实上，他们要比普通人付出更大的努力，只有少数人成功。同时，那些成功和出名的人必须面对媒体的持续关注)”可知，看起来很酷的职业其实并非如此。A项“现在看起来没那么酷，是吗？”符合语境，承接上文，cl是关键词。故选A。
③根据上文“Many peple have ambitins t becme successful as a lawyer r business persn.(许多人都渴望成为一名成功的律师或商人)”和下文“These can be well-paid and interesting jbs, but yu als have t wrk lng hurs. (这些工作报酬丰厚，而且有趣，但你也必须长时间工作)”可知，商人和律师是很多人梦想的职业，这个工作虽然报酬高但工作时间很长。由此可知，人们可能忽略了高报酬带来的压力。G项“然而，他们可能会忽略这些工作带来的压力”符合题意。故选G。
④根据上文“Once I met a yung man whse jb was t check nise pllutin in a park zne. He lved camping, and his jb was like a hliday fr him. (有一次我遇到一个年轻人，他的工作是检查公园区域的噪音污染。他喜欢露营，他的工作对他来说就像一个假期)”可知，这个年轻人的工作对他来说像是度假，由此推知，他很喜欢自己的工作。B项“很容易看出他喜欢做他的工作”符合语境。故选B。
⑤空处位于文末，应为总结性语言。根据上文“When yu think abut yur future career, remember sme cl jbs can be rather difficult and that sme rdinary jbs can be quite imprtant. (当你考虑你未来的职业时，记住一些很酷的工作可能相当困难，而一些普通的工作可能非常重要)”即使是普通的工作也很重要，自有其意义。故所有职业的存在都是为了社会的正常运转。C项“然而，所有这些都有助于社会运转”符合语境。故选C。
17、答案：B
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.lcked锁；B.fund发现；C.placed放置；D.hid隐藏。根据上文"I was cleaning ut a cupbard the ther day when I made an amazing discvery."可知，我在清理橱柜时有了一个惊人的发现，由此可知，我在橱柜里发现了一本小说的手稿。故选B项。
18、答案：C
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.ntes笔记；B.reviews回顾；C.chapters章；D.references参考。根据上文"the manuscript(手稿) fr a nvel"可知，我发现了一本小说的手稿，由此可知，手稿中包括介绍小说章节的大纲。故选C项。
19、答案：D
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.regret后悔；B.relief宽慰；C.satisfactin满意；D.amazement惊奇，惊讶。根据句中"by my father wh has been dead fr mre than 50 years"可知，这本小说是由我已经去世50多年的父亲写的，而我却不知道，由此可知，这是令我惊讶的。故选D项。
20、答案：A
解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.lng长的；B.fun有趣的；C.ppular受欢迎的；D.rmantic浪漫的。根据句中"perhaps fifty r sixty typed pages"可知，小说只有五六十页，由此可知，就小说而言，它并不长。故选A项。
21、答案：B
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.supprt支持；B.knwledge知晓；C.apprval批准；D.reach范围，领域。根据上文"I was cleaning ut a cupbard the ther day when I made an amazing discvery."可知，我是在清理橱柜时偶然发现小说手稿的，由此可知，小说手稿在我不知情的情况下一直陪伴着我，"withut ne's knwledge"意为"在某人不知情的情况下"。故选B项。
22、答案：D
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.life生活；B.writing写作；C.reflectin反射；D.educatin教育。根据空格后"several jbs, a marriage, the birth f my children and grandchildren"可知，句中按照时间顺序讲述小说一直陪伴着我, "several jbs"意为"几份工作"，在工作之前我应该是接受教育。故选D项。
23、答案：A
解析：考查动词短语及语境理解。A.cleared away清除；B.passed dwn传递；C.cunted n依赖；D.handed ut分发。根据上文"Yet there it was, resting under a lt f paper t be recycled."可知，小说手稿在大量待回收的纸张下，由此可知，我可能把小说手稿当作待回收的纸张，然后把它们清除掉。故选A项。
24、答案：C
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.bthered打扰；B.caught抓住；C.shaken使非常震惊；D.disturbed干扰。根据上文"I made an amazing discvery"中的"amazing"可知，这个发现是令人震惊的，由此可知，我真的被我的发现震惊了。故选C项。
25、答案：C
解析：考查连词及语境理解。A.r或者；B.s所以；C.but但是；D.fr因为。根据空格前"I'm in the middle f reading anther bk"和空格后"my dad's nvel has a place n my bed-side table"可知，句子前后为转折关系，虽然我正在读另一本书，但我把爸爸的小说放在我床边的桌子上。故选C项。
26、答案：D
解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.easy容易的；B.quick快的；C.rugh粗糙的；D.clear明确的。根据下文"I'm ging t spend a whle afternn t give it the _____ it deserves."可知，我打算花一整个下午的时间来读小说，由此可知，我很重视它，想有一些明确的时间阅读它。故选D项。
27、答案：B
解析：考查副词及语境理解。A.briefly短暂地；B.clsely仔细地；C.happily高兴地；D.calmly镇静地。根据下文"I'm ging t spend a whle afternn t give it the _____ it deserves."可知，我打算花一整个下午的时间来读小说，由此可知，我很重视它，因为现在还没有明确的时间阅读它，所以还没有仔细地检查它。故选B项。
28、答案：D
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.hnr荣誉；B.cmment评论；C.reward奖励；D.attentin关注。根据下文"but I _____ a highly emtinal prcess f finding ut"可知，我期待阅读这本小说的过程，由此可知，我想要花一整个下午的时间来给予这本小说应有的关注。故选D项。
29、答案：B
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.design设计；B.anticipate期盼；C.evaluate评价；D.recrd记录。根据上文"I want t have sme _____ time fr it"可知，我想有一些明确的时间来阅读它，由此可知，我很重视这本小说，期盼着阅读的过程。故选B项。
30、答案：A
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.tuch接触，触摸；B.raise抚养；C.help帮助；D.prtect保护。根据上文"by my father wh has been dead fr mre than 50 years"可知，我父亲已经去世50多年了，由此可知，通过阅读父亲写的小说，我和父亲之间再次有了接触。故选A项。
31、答案：C
解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.peaceful和平的；B.successful成功的；C.interesting有趣的；D.smth平滑的。根据上文"I find it fascinating t think that this culd happen"可知，我觉得通过小说和去世的父亲再次接触很有意思，由此可知，这让生活变得很有趣。故选C项。
32、答案：①withut/unlike②but/yet③greener④advanced⑤added⑥highlighting⑦t cntain⑧reflectin⑨engaged⑩which
解析：这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北京冬奥会开幕式及其意义。
①考查介词。句意：观众们观看了一场精简的仪式，没有2008年开幕式的大型艺术表演，但它同样象征着人类共同的未来（与2008年开幕式的大型艺术表演不同，观众们观看了一场精简的仪式，但它同样象征着人类共同的未来）。根据句意可知，句中想表达北京冬奥会没有2008年开幕式的大型艺术表演，故空格处应用介词“withut”，意为“没有”；也可用介词“unlike”，意为“与……不同”，表示北京冬奥会开幕式与2008年开幕式的大型艺术表演不同。故填withut/unlike。
②考查连词。句意：观众们观看了一场精简的仪式，没有2008年开幕式的大型艺术表演，但它同样象征着人类共同的未来。/与2008年开幕式的大型艺术表演不同，观众们观看了一场精简的仪式，但它同样象征着人类共同的未来。根据句意可知，句中表示虽然北京冬奥会开幕式没有大型艺术表演，但它同样象征着人类共同的未来，空格前后为转折关系，故应用连词“but”或“yet”，意为“但是”，表转折。故填but/yet。
③考查形容词比较级。句意：雪花主题仪式上的最后一支火炬很小，但火焰传递了奥运会更加环保的重要信息。根据句意可知，用一支很小的火炬应该是为了传达奥运会更加环保的重要信息，空格处应用形容词比较级，“green”意为“环境保护的”，形容词词性，比较级为“greener”，作定语。故填greener。
④考查形容词。句意：人工智能、机器视觉、5G和云广播等先进技术的使用增加了开幕式的新鲜感。分析句子可知，“technlgies”为名词，空格处应用形容词，作定语，“advance”作形容词时意为“预先的”，不符合语境，根据句意可知，应用“advanced”，意为“先进的，高级的”，形容词词性。故填advanced。
⑤考查时态。句意：人工智能、机器视觉、5G和云广播等先进技术的使用增加了开幕式的新鲜感。分析句子可知，空格处应填谓语动词，根据句意可知，句中介绍的是冬奥会的开幕式，为过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，“add”意为“增加”，动词词性，过去式为“added”。故填added。
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意：这些表演弘扬了全球和平与人类共同未来的主题，侧重于环境保护和人类健康，强调了体育运动对向国际社会灌输遏制疫情的新信心的重要性。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“fcused n”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“highlight”意为“强调”，动词词性，“perfrmances”和“highlight”为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用“highlight”的现在分词“highlighting”。故填highlighting。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意：这些表演弘扬了全球和平与人类共同未来的主题，侧重于环境保护和人类健康，强调了体育运动对向国际社会灌输遏制疫情的新信心的重要性。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“fcused n”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，句中应用不定式作后置定语，对抽象名词“cnfidence”进行解释说明，“cntain”意为“遏制，防止……蔓延”，动词词性，故空格处应填“t cntain”。故填t cntain。
⑧考查名词。句意：通过2月4日的开幕式，人们可以清楚地看到中国对建设一个和平世界的追求，它体现了“更快、更高、更强、更团结”的新奥林匹克格言和北京冬奥会“一起向未来”的格言。分析句子可知，“its”为形容词性物主代词，故空格处应用名词，“reflect”为动词，对应的名词为“reflectin”，意为“体现，显示”，为不可数名词。故填reflectin。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，中国有超过3亿人在约2000个滑雪场和冰场参加冬季运动，中国正在成为一个冬季运动国家。分析句子可知，句中涉及“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，“engage”意为“使参加”，动词词性，“peple”和“engage”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“engage”的过去分词“engaged”作宾补。故填engaged。
⑩考查定语从句。句意：这一非凡成就开启了全球冬季运动的新时代，将使全球参与度提升到新的水平，造福中国人民和世界各地的冬季运动爱好者。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“这一非凡成就开启了全球冬季运动的新时代”这件事，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词“which”引导从句。故填which。
33、答案：
Dear Sir,
I have learned that newspaper reprters are wanted in yur cmpany. I’m eager t be ne f them. The reasn why I apply fr this jb is that yur cmpany has a very gd reputatin and I’ve dreamed t be a jurnalist frm an early age.
As fr what I can ffer t yur cmpany, firstly, I have very gd English reading and editing abilities. Abve all, I have a gd nse fr news. Meanwhile, I have utstanding cmmunicatin skills. I am a gd team leader, and I can get alng well with thers. I think my qualificatins are suitable fr what yu require. S I am cnfident and I can handle it. I wuld appreciate it if yu culd allw me an interview.
Lking frward t yur reply. Best wishes.
Yur,
Li Hua
解析：本文是一篇应用文。要求考生给China Daily写一封自荐信,陈述自己应聘的原因、个人能力以及决心和愿望。
1. 词汇积累
渴望做某事: be anxius t d→be eager t d
名声、名誉: fame→reputatin
出色的: extrardinary→utstanding
与某人相处得好: be n gd terms with sb.→get alng well with sb.
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句: I have learned that newspaper reprters are wanted in yur cmpany I'm eager t be ne f them.
拓展句: Having learned that newspaper reprters are wanted in yur cmpany, I'm eager t be ne f them.
[高分句型1]The reasn why I apply fr this jb is that yur cmpany has a very gd reputatin and I've dreamed t be a jurnalist frm an early age.句中使用了why引导的定语从句和that引导的表语从句。
[高分句型2]As fr what I can ffer t yur cmpany, firstly, I have very gd English reading and editing abilities.句中使用了what引导的宾语从句。
34、答案：
I returned t the nurses’ statin. I tld thers that we had a hmeless family in the waiting rm. Hearing what I said, all the nurses fell silent. The nurses, having cmplained abut wrking Christmas, turned t cmpassin fr a family just trying t get warmth n Christmas. We made up ur minds t d smething fr them and went int actin instantly, much as we d when there’s a medical emergency.
We prepared a big dinner fr ur Christmas guests. They happily wlved dwn everything we prepared. Then we cllected frm different departments candies, crayns and ther things available t give them as presents. As seriusly as we met the physical needs f the patients, ur team wrked t meet the needs, and exceed the expectatins f a family wh just wanted t be warm n Christmas Day. Later, as the family were ready t leave, ne little girl came running back, shwing her appreciatin, gave me a hug and whispered, “Thanks fr being ur angels tday.”
解析：本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了圣诞夜一位母亲为了取暖而带着四个孩子谎称看病去急诊室。护士不但没有驱赶，反而热情接待的故事。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我回到护士站。”可知，第一段可描写作者回到护士站后，其他的护士对这一家人细致关心，描写出护士们的“善举”—为这一家人准备圣诞晚宴。
②由第二段首句内容“我们为圣诞客人准备了丰盛的晚餐。”可知，第二段可描写这一家人开心用餐、作者和其他护士给孩子们准备的圣诞礼物，以及这家人对作者和同事们的感激。
2.续写线索：开始行动—做准备—开心用餐—赠送礼物—表示感谢
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.做决心做：make up ne's mind t d/be determined t d
②.收集：cllect/gather
③.拥抱：give sb a hug/hug sb tightly
情绪类
①.感谢：shw her appreciatin/shw her gratitude/be grateful
②.开心地：happily/ delightfully
[高分句型1].As seriusly as we met the physical needs f the patients, ur team wrked t meet the needs, and exceed the expectatins f a family wh just wanted t be warm n Christmas Day.(由wh引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2]. Later, as the family were ready t leave, ne little girl came running back, shwing her appreciatin, gave me a hug and whispered, “Thanks fr being ur angels tday.”(由as引导的时间状语从句以及现在分词作伴随状语)