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中考英语专项复习第07讲连词课件
展开1. 掌握连词的作用,用法2. 连词用法辨析及有关介词的固定搭配
学习目标
连词
连词(cnjunctin,缩写为cnj.)是一种虚词, 它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。
一 并列连词的基本用法
并列连词是用来连接语法地位相同的单词、短语以及句子的连词。 并列连词或词组主要分为表示并列关系、转折关系、因果关系及选择关系。
1. 表并列关系:and(和;同;与);bth…and…(……和……都);neither…nr…(既不……也不……);nt nly…but als…(不但……而且……);as well as(而且;还;又)。
(1)and“和,并且”连接并列关系的项。(2)bth …and...“既……又……”,谓语动词用复数。(3)neither…nr…“既不……也不……”,连接并列主语时,谓语动词用就近原则。(4)nt nly…but als…“不但……而且……”,连接并列主语时,谓语动词用就近原则(5)as well as“而且;还;又”,连接含有并列主语的句子中,谓语动词应与它前面的主语一致,就远原则。
标题数字等都可以通过点击和重新输入进行更改。文字数字大小颜色参考此模板
1.Bth rice and cttn grwn in suth teacher can speak Japaniese nr yu nr Tm right. 4.Nt nly yu but als Mike (g)there every week. 5.The students as well as the teacher (be)there yesterday.
2、表示转折关系的: but(但;但是;可是);hwever(然而)yet(然而);while(然而);
but 用来引出相反意见或不同情况。连接两个并列的成分或句子时,语气较强,在意义上构成明显的对比。与前分句可用(可不用)逗号,与后分句不用逗号。
The wman is ld, but she lks very yung. (与分句可用逗号分开)I had asked everyne but nly tw peple came.(未用逗号分开)She wanted t g swimming, but her parents tld her nt t
hwever: 然而,不过。位置可放于句首、句中,需要用逗号隔开,语气比but 弱,不直接引出相反意见。
He wanted t the park, hwever , he didn’t knw the way.He said srry t me. Hwever, I didn’t frgive(原谅) him.
yet 作连词时,“然而,可是,却,而”,与but相比,比较的意味较强,有时and yet形式出现。I dn’t like him, and yet I have t wrk with him.He said he was ur friend, yet he wuldn’t help us.
while. 然而 表示对比或用于引出相反的情况。只强调两者之间的对比,并不强调转折。并列句时候两个句子谓语动词同时发生或结构相同。
He’s a bus driver while his wife is a dctr.Yu like playing tennis, while I like reading.I earn nly 80 dllars a week, while she earns 100 dllars.Sme men are rich while thers are pr.
3、表示选择关系:r(或;或者;还是;否则;不然);either…r…(或者……或者……;不是……就是……);nt…but…(不是……而是……)。
(1)r“或;或者;还是;否则;不然”,连接并列主语时,谓语动词就近原则(2)either…r…“或者……或者……;不是……就是……”,连接并列主语时,谓语动词用就近原则(3)nt…but…(不是……而是……)连接并列主语时,谓语动词用就近原则。 例句:He is nt a student but a teacher.
1.Yu r she (g)there every day. 2.Hurry up, ( 否则)yu’ll be late fr yu r he (be)ging t d sme shpping this afternn. 4.Nt yu but yur father (beging t the park tmrrw
4. 表示因果关系的:s(所以);therefre(因此);fr(因为)。
fr 一般是对前面情况加以解释,常用逗号把它和前面的分句分开。The days were shrt, fr it was nw December.It must be snwing, fr it is bright utside.
s 表示结果,可译为“因此”、“所以”。He gt up late, s he was late fr wrk.
therefre一般用作副词更常用于书面体等正式文体之中可以放在句中,也可放在句首修饰句子。放在句首时,其后可有逗号也可无逗号。放在句中时,若作插入语,前后可有逗号。
点击此处输入文本信息。标题数字等都可以通过点击和重新输入进行更改,菜单设置中功能区可以对字体、字号、颜色、行距等进行修改。文字数字大小颜色参考此模板
二 常用从属连词的基本用法
引导状语从句的连词如下:(状语从句的知识点会在专门后面的章节详细讲解)
(1) 引导时间状语从句的连词:when, while, as, befre, after, until, till, as sn as, since等。时间状语从句和主句的时态关系为:主将从现,主过从过。① when 意为“当……时”。② while 意为“正当……时,正在……时”。在while引导的从句中,谓语动词必须是延续性动词,且常用进行时;as 意为“正当……时”, as引导的从句中,谓语动词既可用延续性动词,也可用短暂性动词。
③ befre 意为“在……之前”;after 意为“在……之后”。④ until 意为“直到……为止”。如:⑤ as sn as 意为“一……就……”。⑥ since 意为“自从”。
1.He was ding his hmewrk when the telephne rang. 电话铃响的时候,他正在做作业。2.She fell asleep while/as she was watching TV. 他看着电视睡着了。3.As Mary sat dwn n the sfa, Mike came int the rm. 玛丽坐在沙发上时,麦克走进了房间。
4.I’ll wait fr yu here befre yu cme back. 5.The children didn’t g t bed until their mther came back. 6.I’ll call yu as sn as I get hme. 7.I have lived in Pari since I came t France.
(2).引导条件状语从句的连词有:if, unless等。一般来说条件状语从句的主句与从句的时态要前后一致。但条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样,如果主句谓语动词用一般将来时,从句谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来时间。We’ll be late unless we hurry up. 除非快点儿,否则我们会迟到。If it is fine tmrrw, we’ll g fishing. 如果明天天气好,我们去钓鱼。
(3)引导目的状语从句的连词有:s that(是为了;以便于);in rder that(以便于)等
Tm gt up early s that/in rder that he culd catch the early bus.
(4)引导原因状语从句的连词有:because, as, since等。【注意】在英语中because与s不能同时出现在一个句子中。He didn’t g t shl because he was sick.
(5)引导结果状语从句的连词有:s…that,such…that等。s…that和 such…that 意思均为“如此……以至于……”,s后面+形容词或副词, that后接从句such后面+名词或名词性短语,that后接从句。He was s tired(形容词) that he culdn’t g any further. 累得走不动了。She is such a clever girl(名词性短语) that everyne likes her. 同义句:She is s clever a girl that everyne likes her.
(6)引导让步状语从句的连词:thugh, althugh, even if(=even thugh)等。【注意】在英语中,thugh和althugh不与but连用。Thugh he did nt have much mney, he was still happy.Even thugh he‘s 24 nw, he still like a little child.
(7)引导比较状语从句的连词有:than, as…as…等。He is better at Chinese than I. I think English is as imprtant as Chinese.
三 常用连词用法辨析
1. while, when, as的用法区别(当...的时候):(1)当某事正在进行的时候,又发生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。As/When/While he was walking dwn the street, he nticed a plice car.when 从句中既可以用延续性动词, 表示状态或时间段, 也可以用非延续性动词, 表示动作或时间点。It was snwing when we arrived at the statin.我们到达车站时正在下雪。
while 从句中只能用延续性动词,从句一般用的是进行时。而另一件事的状态没有硬性的要求,根据具体情况而定,表示状态或时间段。Yu can g swimming while I’m having lunch.我吃午饭时你可以去游泳。as 从句表示的也是一件事情正在发生,另一件事也正在进行当中,从句一般不用进行时,而只是一般过去时,译成“边……边……”。例如:As my mther sang thse ld sngs, tears ran dwn her cheeks.当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时,眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。
(2)当两个长动作同时进行的时候,最常用的是while。如:While father was cking dinner, I was ding my hmewrk.(3)当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时,最常用的是as。如:As Tm get lder, he becme mre and mre interested in things arund them.(4)当两个短动作同时发生时,或表示“一边……一边……”时,最常用as。如: Just as she caught the fly, she gave a lud cry. (5)当从句的动作先于主句的动作时,通常用when。 When he finished his wrk, he tk a shrt rest.(6)当从句是瞬间动作,主句是延续性动作时,通常用when。 When Tm arrived I was cking lunch.
2. as, because, since, fr的用法区别:
都可表原因,但用法有区别。(1)because语气最强,表示直接原因,原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because。还可用于回答 why 提出的问题、引导表语从句、用于强调句等,而其余三者均不行。例如:I stayed at hme because it rained. --Why didn’t she cme?她为什么没来?--Because she was very busy.It is because he is clever that I like him. 是因为他聪明我才喜欢他。
(2)如果原因已被人们所知,或不是表示直接原因,或不如句子的其它部分重要,就用as或since。since比as稍微正式一点,as和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。As he wasn’t ready, we left withut him. Since he has n mney, he can’t buy any fd.(3)fr用来补充说明一种理由,因此,fr引导的从句可理解为能几乎可以放在括号里。Fr引导的句子一般不放在句子的开头。The grund is wet, fr it rained last night. 地面是湿的,因为昨晚下过雨。He decided t stp and have dinner, fr he was quite hungry.
3. if, whether作是否的用法区别:
①在具有选择意义又有r或r nt时,尤其是直接与r nt连用时,往往用whether,而不用ifLet me knw whether yu can cme r nt.
(1) if和whether都可作“是否”讲,在引导宾语从句一般可互换。I dn’t knw whether (if) she likes that bk.但下列条件下,只能用whether而不能用if
② 作介词的宾语时,即宾语是介词引导的从句,只能用whetherI wrry abut whether I hurt her feelings.It depends n whether it is ging t rain.
③在不定式前, 只能用whether I dn’t knw whether t accept r refuse.
④有时为了强调, 将宾语从句放在句首时用whether。Whether the stry is true r nt, I dn’t knw yet.
(2)引导主语从句时,只能用whether。如:Whether she will cme here is unknwn. (3)引导表语从句时,只能用whether。如:The questin is whether he can pass the English exam.
4. s…that, 的用法区别(1)s…that中的s是个副词,其后只能跟形容词或副词, 即 s+形容词或副词+that+句子This teacher is s kind(形容词) that we all like himHe ran s quickly (副词)that we all culdn’t catch up with him.This is s interesting a bk that we all enjy reading it(s+adj+a/an+名词+that+句子)而中的such是个形容词,后接名词或名词性短语。 即 such+名词或名词性的短语+that+句子常用于以下三种句型:
such+ a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that…It is such a bring bk that we dn’t like it.such+形容词+复数可数名词+that…They are such interesting bks that we all enjy reading themsuch+形容词+不可数名词+that…He has made such great prgress that the teachers are pleased with him
(2)如果在名词之前有many, much, little(少的意思), few时,用s,不用such。
There are s many peple that I can’t find him.人太多了,以致我找不到他。There was s much fd that we culdn’t eat it all.食物太多了,我们吃不完。I have s little mney that I cannt affrd a car 我的钱太少,买不起车。
注意:若little表示“小”时,要用such,例如:He is such a little by that he can‘t lift the bx.他是这么小的小小孩,提不到那个箱子。
5. and和r的用法区别:(1)and用于肯定句中,而r用于否定句或选择疑问句中。(2)否定句中两部分都有否定词时用and连接。(3)句中含有withut时,肯定句中用r,否定句中用and。(4)and与r(表示“否则”)都可以与if引导的条件状语从句转换。
1.I like egg and milk fr breakfast. 我早餐喜欢吃鸡蛋,喝牛奶。2.I dn’t like chicken r milk fr dinner. 我晚餐不喜欢鸡肉,牛奶。3.Wuld yu like sme tea r cffee? 你喜欢喝茶还是咖啡?4.He has n brthers and n sisters.=He has n brthers r sisters. 他没有兄弟姐妹。5.We can’t live withut air and water. 没有空气和水,我们无法生存。(否定句)6.We’ll die withut air r water. 没有空气和水,我们就会死亡。(肯定句)7.Hurry up, r (否则)yu’ll be late fr wrk.=If yu dn’t hurry, yu’ll be late fr wrk. 8.Wrk hard, and yu’ll get gd grades.=If yu wrk hard, yu’ll get gd grades.
四 实 战 演 练
1. —Mum,I want sme pcket mney.—Well. I wn’t give it t yu yu wash yur clthes. A. if B. unless C. while D. thugh2. the car’s ld, it still runs well. A. Because B. S C. Althugh D. But
3.(2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题)David, g t bed early, ________ yu will feel sleepy in class tmrrw.A.andB.unlessC.rD.but
4.(2023·新疆·中考真题)________ the times keep changing, yung peple in China have shwn the same prmise.A.ButB.UnlessC.Althugh D.As sn as
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