北京市第一六一中学2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题（解析版）

这是一份北京市第一六一中学2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题（解析版），共21页。试卷主要包含了12，5 分，共 15 分）， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
本试卷共 5 页，共 120 分。考试时长 90 分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分：完形填空 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Jeremy can n lnger read, drive a car r even recgnize faces. But the 20-year-ld, wh lst his central visin tw years ag, can ____1____ hit a small white ball int a slightly larger hle frm a cnsiderable distance.
Jeremy was diagnsed with an extremely rare disease called LHON. Faced with the nset f blindness, Jeremy admits he ____2____ int depressin fr a cuple f mnths and feared he’d never play glf again.
One day n TV he saw a guy crying bitterly wh had just lst his family when a plane crashed dwn n his huse. Jeremy thught, “If this guy can make it thrugh this, then I can ____3____ having n central visin.” That became his mtt: “Things culd be ____4____.”
S six mnths after lsing his sight, Jeremy decided t ____5____ his glf club again. He had played every Sunday since the age f twelve with his Dad Linel. Blind glf brught them even clser because, unlike the regular versin f the sprt, it’s a ____6____ game.
Linel acts as his sn’s sighted cach n the curse. He ____7____ the hle and hazards（障碍）. Then he pints in the directin, while Jeremy places his chin n his dad’s shulder t get a ____8____ f the crrect psitin.
They played tgether and wn the Wrld Blind Glf Champinship. Besides, Jeremy has been cllecting mney and raising ____9____ f LHON with spnsred bike rides, half-marathns and even sky dives. “That’s the greater _____10_____ f my ding anything,” he tld CNN.
1. A. casuallyB. seriuslyC. successfullyD. accidentally
2. A. ranB. lkedC. slippedD. burst
3. A. avidB. sufferC. escapeD. survive
4. A. funnierB. wrseC. simplerD. crazier
5. A. lk frB. shw ffC. pick upD. deal with
6. A. teamB. classC. mindD. strength
7. A. clearsB. measuresC. discversD. describes
8. A. senseB. signC. viewD. mark
9. A. levelsB. awarenessC. standardsD. spirit
10. A. challengeB. pprtunityC. ptentialD. purpse
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。20岁的杰里米两年前失去了中心视力，但他可以从相当远的地方成功地将一个小白球击进一个稍大一点的洞里。他曾一度陷入抑郁和绝望，但是在看到一个失去家人的人挺了过来之后，他重新振作起来。杰里米在父亲的帮助下重新开始打高尔夫，并通过一系列活动募捐来提高人们对LHON的认识。
【1题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这位20岁的年轻人两年前失去了中心视力，但他可以从相当远的地方成功地将一个小白球击进一个稍大一点的洞里。A.casually随意地；B.seriusly严肃地；C.successfully成功地；D.accidentally偶然地。根据转折词but可知，此处是指虽然他失去了中心视力，但是他可以从相当远的地方成功地将一个小白球击进一个稍大一点的洞里。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：面对失明的威胁，杰里米承认有几个月他陷入了抑郁，还担心自己再也不能打高尔夫了。A.ran运营；B.lked看；C.slipped滑倒；D.burst爆炸。根据“feared he'd never play glf again”可知，此处是指他陷入了抑郁。slip int意为“陷入”。故选C。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果这家伙能挺过来，那我没有中心视力也能活下来。A.avid避免；B.suffer遭受；C.escape逃跑；D.survive幸存。根据“One day n TV he saw a guy crying bitterly wh had just lst his family when a plane crashed dwn n his huse.”（一天，他在电视上看到一个人哭得很伤心，因为一架飞机坠毁在他的房子上，他刚刚失去了家人。）可知，此处是指Jeremy想如果这个人这么悲惨也能挺过来，那自己没有中心视力也能活下来。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：情况可以更糟。A.funnier更有趣的；B.wrse更糟糕的；C.simpler更简单的；D.crazier更疯狂的。根据“If this guy can make it thrugh this, then I can survive having n central visin.”可知，此处是指总有人比自己的情况更糟。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以在失去视力6个月后，杰里米决定重新拿起他的高尔夫球杆。A.lk fr寻找；B.shw ff炫耀；C.pick up捡起；D.deal with处理。根据“He had played every Sunday since the age f twelve with his Dad Linel. ”（从12岁开始，他每个星期天都和爸爸莱昂内尔一起打球。）可知，此处是指杰里米决定重新拿起他的高尔夫球杆。故选C。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：盲人高尔夫让他们的距离更近了，因为与普通的高尔夫运动不同，它是一项团队运动。A.team团队；B.class班级；C.mind精神；D.strength力量。根据“Then he pints in the directin, while Jeremy places his chin n his dad’s shulder”（然后他指向那个方向，杰里米把下巴放在他爸爸的肩膀上）可知，这是一项团队运动。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他描述洞和障碍。A.clears清除；B.measures测量；C.discvers发现；D.describes描述。根据“Linel acts as his sn’s sighted cach n the curse. ”（莱昂内尔是他儿子在球场上视力教练。）可知，此处是指他描述洞和障碍。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他指向那个方向，杰里米把下巴放在他爸爸的肩膀上以感知正确的位置。A.sense感知；B.sign签署；C.view观察；D.mark标记。根据“Then he pints in the directin”可知，杰里米把下巴放在他爸爸的肩膀上是为了感知正确的位置。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，杰里米一直在筹集资金，并通过赞助自行车骑行、半程马拉松甚至跳伞来提高人们对LHON的认识。A.levels等级；B.awareness认识；C.standards标准；D.spirit精神。根据“f LHON ”可知，此处是指提高人们对LHON的认识。故选B。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我做任何事的更大目的……A.challenge挑战；B.pprtunity机会；C.ptential潜力；D.purpse目的。根据“raising awareness f LHON”可知，此处是指提高人们对LHON的认识是杰里米做任何事的更大目的。故选D。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
The By Made It!
One Sunday, Nichlas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarlaf Muntain in Maine. In the early afternn, when he was planning t g hme, a fierce snwstrm swept int the area. Unable t see far, he accidentally turned ff the path. Befre he knew it, Nichlas was lst, all alne! He didn’t have fd, water, a phne, r ther supplies. He was getting clder by the minute.
Nichlas had n idea where he was. He tried nt t panic. He thught abut all f the survival shws he had watched n TV. It was time t put the tips he had learned t use.
He decided t stp skiing. There was a better chance f smene finding him if he stayed put. The first thing he did was t find shelter frm the freezing wind and snw. If he didn’t, his bdy temperature wuld get very lw, which culd quickly kill him.
Using his skis, Nichlas built a snw cave. He gathered a huge mass f snw and dug ut a hle in the middle. Then he piled branches n tp f himself, like a blanket, t stay as warm as he culd.
By that evening, Nichlas was really hungry. He ate snw and drank water frm a nearby stream s that his bdy wuldn’t lse t much water. Nt knwing hw much lnger he culd last, Nichlas did the nly thing he culd he huddled (蜷缩) in his cave and slept.
The next day, Nichlas went ut t lk fr help, but he culdn’t find anyne. He fllwed his tracks and returned t the snw cave, because withut shelter, he culd die that night. On Tuesday, Nichlas went ut again t find help. He had walked fr abut a mile when a vlunteer searcher fund him. After tw days stuck in the snw, Nichlas was saved.
Nichlas might nt have survived this snwstrm had it nt been fr TV. He had ften watched Grylls’ survival shw Man vs. Wild. That’s where he learned the tips that saved his life. In each episde (一期节目) f Man vs. Wild, Grylls is abandned in a wild area and has t find his way ut.
When Gxrylls heard abut Nichlas’ amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Nichlas had made it since he knew better than anyne hw hard Nichlas had t wrk t stay alive.
11. What happened t Nichlas ne Sunday afternn?
A. He gt lst.B. He brke his skis.
C. He hurt his eyes.D. He caught a cld.
12. Hw did Nichlas keep himself warm?
A. He fund a shelter.B. He lighted sme branches.
C. He kept n skiing.D. He built a snw cave.
13. On Tuesday’ Nichlas .
A. returned t his shelter safelyB. was saved by a searcher
C. gt stuck in the snwD. stayed where he was
14. Nichlas left Grylls a very deep impressin because he .
A. did the right things in the dangerus situatin
B. watched Grylls’ TV prgram regularly
C. created sme tips fr survival
D. was very hard-wrking
【答案】11. A 12. D 13. B 14. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲的是一个小男孩在暴风雪中迷路，他不畏艰难，利用在电视中学到的野外生存知识逃脱困境的故事。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中Befre he knew it, Nichlas was lst, all alne!可知，还没等他明白过来，尼古拉就迷路了，孤独一人。所以Nichlas迷路了。故选A。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段Nichlas built a snw cave. 尼古拉斯建造了一个雪洞。和第四段Then he piled branches n tp f himself, like a blanket, t stay as warm as he culd. 然后他把树枝堆在自己身上，像毯子一样，尽可能地保暖。可知，Nichlas保持温暖的方式是建了一个雪洞。故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段中On Tuesday, Nichlas went ut again t find help. He had walked fr abut a mile when a vlunteer searcher fund him.可知，周二，尼古拉斯再次外出寻求帮助。他已经走了大约一英里，这时一个志愿者找到了他。所以星期二的时候，Nichlas被一名志愿搜索者救了。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的he was super impressed that Nichlas had made it since he knew better than anyne hw hard Nichlas had t wrk t stay alive.可知，尼古拉成功了，这给他留下了深刻的印象，因为他比任何人都清楚尼古拉是如何努力来维持生命的 。由此判断出，尼古拉斯给格里尔留下了深刻的印象，因为他在危险的情况下做了正确的事情。故选A。
【点睛】
B
(WAIKING WATER EXPERIMENT)
Walking Water Science Experiment fr Kids
Let's get set up fr walking water with a few quick and easy steps the kids can definitely be a part f! We used test tubes fr three sets f primary clrs. Yu can use less as lng as yu have enugh t g arund with all the clrs mixing. First, add red, yellw, and blue fd clring (ne clr per test tube) in rder. Give each test tube a little stir (搅拌)t evenly distribute the clr. Try t put the same amunt f fd clring in each cntainer. Cut thin strips f white paper twel t fit in the test tubes. Place them int the test tubes. There will be tw ends in each tube. Wait and watch what happens. At this pint, yu can set up a stpwatch t make ntes f hw lng it takes fr the clrs t meet and mix.
Befre yu insert the strips, yu have the perfect pprtunity t make sme predictins abut what will happen. Have yur kids cme up with a predictin fr their experiment? Will the water walk? Yu can start the cnversatin with "What d yu think will happen when we put the twels int the water?"
The whle prcess starts pretty quickly, but it des take a while fr the clrs t begin t mix with each ther. Extend the science activity: pull ut the waterclrs and d sme clr mixing art while yu wait. Make sure t check n yur walking water science experiment every nce in a while t see the changes that are cnstantly taking place. The kids will be amazed at hw the water seems t fight against gravity! As the paper twels absrb the clred water, the water travels up the twel strip. It meets up with the ther clred water that has traveled up the neighbring strip. Where the primary clrs interact, they turn int the secndary clrs. Bth clrs will cntinue t travel as lng as the twel fibers absrb the water.
The experiment is clrful and simple t d! Plus, it is interesting fr multiple ages. Older kids shuld be able t set it up all by themselves and can als use ur science jurnal page t recrd their results.
15 What materials are needed fr the experiment?
A. Test tubes, fd clring and paper twel.
B. Drinking water, test tubes and a ntebk.
C. Fd clring, water cups and a paper cutter.
D. Mixed clrs, twel strips and fd cntainers.
16. In the experiment, yu're expected t ________.
A. add three clrs int each cntainer
B. set up a stpwatch frm the beginning
C. put clrful twel strips in the test tubes
D. stir each test tube t make the clr even
17. Water in the test tubes can walk because ________.
A. fd clring has the pwer t take in water
B. twel fibers absrb water and allw it t travel
C. water flws naturally under the influence f gravity
D. clrs interact with each ther and thus travel easily
【答案】15. A 16. D 17. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个“行走水”的实验的材料、步骤和注意事项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“We used test tubes fr three sets f primary clrs.”（我们用试管测出三组原色。），第四句“First, add red, yellw, and blue fd clring (ne clr per test tube) in rder.”（首先，依次加入红色、黄色和蓝色食用色素(每个试管一种颜色)。）和第七句“Cut thin strips f white paper twel t fit in the test tubes.”（切出薄薄的白纸巾条以适应试管。）可知，实验需要的材料有试管、食用色素和纸巾。故选A。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第五句“Give each test tube a little stir (搅拌)t evenly distribute the clr.”（把每个试管稍微搅拌一下，使颜色均匀分布。）可知，在实验中你应该搅拌每个试管使颜色均匀。故选D。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第五句“As the paper twels absrb the clred water, the water travels up the twel strip.”（由于纸巾吸收了有颜色的水，水沿着纸巾条向上流动。）可知，试管中的水可以行走，因为毛巾纤维吸收水分并允许其流动。故选B。
C
Life in the Clear
Transparent animals let light pass thrugh their bdies the same way light passes thrugh a windw. These animals typically live between the surface f the cean and a depth f abut 3,300 feet---as far as mst light can reach. Mst f them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple tuch. Snke Jhnsen, a scientist in bilgy, says, “These animals live thrugh their life alne. They never tuch anything unless they’re eating it, r unless smething is eating them.”
And they are as clear as glass. Hw des an animal becme see-thrugh? It s trickier than yu might think.
The bjects arund yu are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But sme materials slw and scatter (散射) light, buncing it away frm its riginal path. Others absrb light, stpping it dead in its tracks. Bth scattering and absrptin make an bject lk different frm ther bjects arund it, s yu can see it easily.
But a transparent bject desn’t absrb r scatter light, at least nt very much. Light can pass thrugh it withut bending r stpping. That means a transparent bject desn’t lk very different frm the surrunding air r water. Yu dn’t see it yu see the things behind it.
T becme transparent, an animal needs t keep its bdy frm absrbing r scattering light. Living materials can stp light because they cntain pigments (色素) that absrb specific clrs f light. But a transparent animal desn’t have pigments, s its tissues wn’t absrb light. Accrding t Jhnsen, aviding absrptin is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light frm scattering.
Animals are built f many different materials---skin, fat, and mre---and light mves thrugh each at a different speed. Every time light mves int a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks t fight scattering. Sme animals are simply very small r extremely flat. Withut much tissue t scatter light, it is easier t be see-thrugh. Others build a large, clear mass f nn-living jelly-like (果冻状的) material and spread themselves ver it.
Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge because they have t make all the different tissues in their bdies slw dwn light exactly as much as water des. They need t lk unifrm. But hw they’re ding it is still unknwn. One thing is clear: fr these larger animals, staying transparent is an active prcess. When they die, they turn a nn-transparent milky white.
18. Accrding t Paragraph 1,transparent animals .
A. stay in grupsB. can be easily damaged
C. appear nly in deep ceanD. are beautiful creatures
19. The underlined wrd “dead” in Paragraph 3 means .
A. silentlyB. gradually
C. regularlyD. cmpletely
20. One way fr an animal t becme transparent is t .
A. change the directin f light travelB. gather materials t scatter light
C. avid the absrptin f lightD. grw bigger t stp light
21. The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals .
A. mve mre slwly in deep water
B. stay see-thrugh even after death
C. prduce mre tissues fr their survival
D. take effective actin t reduce light spreading
【答案】18. B 19. D 20. C 21. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了生活在海洋的透明生物的特点，透明原理，以及形成机制。
【18题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三行“Mstf them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple tuch”可知，透明动物是很容易受伤的。故选B。
【19题详解】
词义猜测题。该词出现在文章第三段第三行。前文提到了：你能看到的物体一种是对光线进行了散射；而另外一种是对光线的吸收。既然吸收了，那在光的传播过程中就完全阻止了，因此这里dead是完全的意思。故选D。
【20题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“T becme transparent, an animal needs t keep its bdy frm absrbing r scattering light.”可知，想变透明就要避免散射或吸收光线，因此其中的一个方法是C选项，避免光线的吸收。故选C。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中的“Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have t make all the different tissues in their bdies slw dwn light exactly as much as water des. ”可知，体型较大的透明动物面临的挑战最大，因为它们必须让体内所有不同的组织减缓光线的速度，就像减缓水的速度一样。由此判断出，他在最后一段告诉我们，更大的透明动物会采取有效的行动来减少光的扩散。故选D。
D
Fr tday’s increasingly intercnnected fd supply chains, “efficient” is what it’s suppsed t be: Each cuntry specializes in what it’s best, at and puts it n the glbal market. Prducers and prcessrs within cuntries specialize, t, as a way t minimize csts. As a result, at least in thery, prices stay lw, the wrld gets fed and everyne wins.
Hwever, the crnavirus crisis demnstrates what is wrng with this apprach. When barriers prevent fd frm reaching its markets, r demand suddenly drps — bth f which are happening nw — the system falls apart.
Specializatin f the fd system makes it hard t shift int different markets when disruptins arise. Belgium, a leading exprter f ptates, lst sales nt nly t lcal restaurants but als t ther cuntries because f lckdwns（封锁）. At least the Belgians can try t eat the ptates at hme. That strategy wn't wrk fr every crp: Ghana, the wrld’s tp cca exprter, lst markets when peple stalled fcusing n buying essential items instead f chclate.
The lss in exprt incme in Africa mre generally culd have a huge impact if the pandemic cntinues, as many cuntries there rely heavily n imprted wheat and rice. The prices f these grains have sared nt nly because f rising demand fr these grains during the crisis, but als because a few cuntries — including Russia and Vietnam — impsed exprt restrictins ut f fear that sending fd abrad wuld lead t higher prices at hme.
Cncentrated markets dminated by just a handful f cmpanies heighten fd system fragility. Fr example, just three meatpacking plants prcess ver 95 percent f Canada’s beef and nearly all f its beef exprts. Nw, thse meat prcessing plants have had t temprarily shut dwn because f utbreaks f COVID-19 amng wrkers.
Seeing the spiled prducts acrss the wrld shuld frce all f us t rethink ur “efficient” fd supplies. We need t rejuvenate（使恢复活力）lcal and reginal fd systems t reduce the vulnerabilities that cme with being t reliant n imprted and crprate-dminated fds. This desn’t mean cutting ff all trade r ablishing all packaged fds, but it des mean building diversity, and increasing pprtunities fr small and medium-scale enterprises t flurish in shrter, mre sustainable fd supply chains that are clser t hme.
One place t start is fr gvernments t shift their supprt frm the large-scale, specialized and exprt-riented fd system t building infrastructure fr mre diverse lcal fd systems. Arund the wrld, small-scale and rganic prducers have been verwhelmed with the surge in interest frm custmers wh want t buy directly frm farmers during the crisis. But these prducers ften lack the infrastructure t meet that demand. As gvernments arund the wrld pass stimulus packages t address the crisis, building mre diverse and lcalized fd systems shuld be an bvius inclusin.
22. In thery, specializatin f the fd system ________.
A. adapts t changes efficientlyB. balances supply and demand
C. fcuses n essential itemsD. reduces csts f prductin
23. The underlined wrd “fragility” in Paragraph 5 means ________.
A. weaknessB. diversity
C. unfairnessD. cmplexity
24. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. A few cuntries restrict exprts t stabilize lcal fd prices.
B. Grain prices rise due t Africa’s dependence n imprtatin.
C. Ghana might be less affected by lckdwns than Belgium was.
D. Packaged-fd cnsumptin shuld be encuraged t address the crisis.
25. The main purpse f this passage is t ________.
A. expse fd security issues during the crisis
B. advcate establishing diverse lcal fd systems
C. discuss the develpment f a sustainable ecnmy
D. prve the imprtance f sund gvernment plicies
【答案】22. D 23. A 24. A 25. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了，从理论上讲，粮食系统的专业化降低了生产成本，但新冠肺炎疫情的爆发暴露了这种方法的问题，文章通过对实例的讨论表明建立多样化的地方食品体系势在必行。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Prducers and prcessrs within cuntries specialize, t, as a way t minimize csts.”（各国的生产商和加工者也进行专业化，以尽量降低成本。）可知，从理论上讲，粮食系统的专业化降低了生产成本。故选D项。
【23题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第五段第二句“Fr example, just three meatpacking plants prcess ver 95 percent f Canada’s beef and nearly all f its beef exprts. ”（例如，仅三家肉类加工厂就加工了加拿大95%以上的牛肉和几乎所有的牛肉出口。），第三句“Nw, thse meat prcessing plants have had t temprarily shut dwn because f utbreaks f COVID-19 amng wrkers.”（现在，由于工人中爆发了COVID-19病毒，这些肉类加工厂不得不暂时关闭。）和第六段第二句“We need t rejuvenate（使恢复活力）lcal and reginal fd systems t reduce the vulnerabilities that cme with being t reliant n imprted and crprate-dminated fds.”（我们需要振兴地方和区域食品体系，以减少过于依赖进口和企业主导的食品带来的脆弱性。）可知，此处是指由少数几家公司主导的集中市场加剧了食品体系的脆弱性。所以fragility意为“脆弱”。故选A项。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“The prices f these grains have sared nt nly because f rising demand fr these grains during the crisis, but als because a few cuntries — including Russia and Vietnam — impsed exprt restrictins ut f fear that sending fd abrad wuld lead t higher prices at hme.”（这些粮食的价格飙升，不仅是因为危机期间对这些粮食的需求不断上升，还因为包括俄罗斯和越南在内的一些国家，由于担心把粮食出口到国外会导致国内价格上涨，实施了出口限制。）可知，少数国家限制粮食出口以稳定当地食品价格。故选A项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“One place t start is fr gvernments t shift their supprt frm the large-scale, specialized and exprt-riented fd system t building infrastructure fr mre diverse lcal fd systems.”（首先，政府将其支持从大规模、专门化和出口导向的粮食系统转向为更多样化的地方粮食系统建设基础设施。）和最后一句“As gvernments arund the wrld pass stimulus packages t address the crisis, building mre diverse and lcalized fd systems shuld be an bvius inclusin.”（随着世界各国政府通过刺激方案来应对危机，建立更加多样化和地方化的食品体系显然应该包括在内。）可知，文章的主要目的是倡导建立多样化的地方食品体系。故选B项。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What Are the Rts f Yur Self-Esteem?
Self-esteem is a persn's subjective assessment f his r her wrth t himself r herself. Self- esteem cvers varius beliefs abut neself (such as 'Tm a failure" and "I'm beautiful") as well as physilgical states, including sadness, jy, and shame. The mre we believe that we are wrthy f happiness and gd things in life, the mre self-fulfilled we will be. When we dn't believe that we are wrthy f these things, ur ability t enjy them can suffer. ____26____
Healthy self-esteem as an adult can be a gift given in yur childhd. It is a blessing that mst peple verlk. There are s many ways adults with high self-esteem were supprted as children that resulted in them having high self-esteem. Fr instance, they were praised fr what they had achieved.
____27____They likely experienced affectin and were given enugh attentin. It is als pssible that they excelled in studies r in sprts and were admired fr it by peers.
____28____As children, many f these peple were criticized, yelled at, r abused in ne way r anther. There is als a high chance that they were given n attentin by the adults wh were suppsed t care fr them. In sme cases, adults with pr self-esteem were ften ridiculed fr their shrtcmings r bullied by peers.
It is cmmn that these adults als believe that in rder t be appreciated they need t be perfect.
____29____There are peple wh are bsessed with their careers r hbbies because in their mind they need t tie their wrthiness t smething cncrete. Oftentimes these peple have t pretend t be smething they are nt just t get apprval.
Hw yu feel abut yurself impacts hw yu live yur life. Peple with high self-esteem tend t have better relatinships than thse with lw self-esteem. ____30____ S if yu struggle t reach ut fr assistance, it culd be rted in yur lw self-esteem.
A. There is als a gd chance that they were spken t respectfully.
B. When we start t dubt what's imprtant in life, we tend t d less f it.
C. Since self-esteem is cnnected t hw we perfrm, it is imprtant t wrk n it.
D. Peple with pr self-esteem, n the ther hand, ften experienced the ppsite.
E. This creates an image in their mind that withut accmplishment they are wrthless.
F. They face failure t, but they understand that failure r success desn't define them.
G. High self-esteem enables yu t ask fr help and supprt frm the peple arund yu when yu need it.
【答案】26. B 27. A 28. D 29. E 30. G
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。自尊是一个人对自己价值的主观评价。自尊包括对自己的各种信念和生理状态。文章对高自尊和低自尊的人进行了对比和说明。
【26题详解】
根据前文“When we dn't believe that we are wrthy f these things, ur ability t enjy them can suffer. (当我们不相信自己值得拥有这些东西时，我们享受它们的能力就会受到伤害)”可知，此处是指当我们对人生和自己产生怀疑时，就会有不好的影响。所以选项B. When we start t dubt what's imprtant in life, we tend t d less f it. (当我们开始怀疑生活中重要的东西，我们往往会对此做得更少)切合文意，且和前文句式相同。故选B。
【27题详解】
根据后文“They likely experienced affectin and were given enugh attentin. It is als pssible that they excelled in studies r in sprts and were admired fr it by peers. (他们可能经历了感情，并得到了足够的关注。也有可能他们在学习或体育方面表现优异，并因此受到同龄人的崇拜)”可知，此处是指他们被怀有敬意地对待，所以选项A. There is als a gd chance that they were spken t respectfully. (也有一个很好的机会让人们向他们尊敬地说话)切合文意。故选A。
【28题详解】
根据后文“In sme cases, adults with pr self-esteem were ften ridiculed fr their shrtcmings r bullied by peers. (在某些情况下，缺乏自尊的成年人经常因为自己的缺点而被嘲笑或被同龄人欺负)”可知，此处是讲缺乏自尊的人往往不被尊重，所以选项D. Peple with pr self-esteem, n the ther hand, ften experienced the ppsite. (另一方面，缺乏自尊的人所经历的往往恰恰相反)切合文意。故选D。
【29题详解】
根据前文“It is cmmn that these adults als believe that in rder t be appreciated they need t be perfect. (这些成年人也普遍认为，为了被欣赏，他们需要变得完美)”可知，选项E中的this是指人们认为为了被欣赏他们需要变得完美，根据后文“There are peple wh are bsessed with their careers r hbbies because in their mind they need t tie their wrthiness t smething cncrete. (有些人痴迷于自己的事业或爱好，因为在他们的脑海中，他们需要把自己的价值与具体的东西联系起来)”可知，有些人往往把自己的价值和成就联系在一起，所以选项E. This creates an image in their mind that withut accmplishment they are wrthless. (这在他们的脑海中造成了一种形象，没有成就，他们是毫无价值的)切合文意。故选E。
【30题详解】
根据后文“S if yu struggle t reach ut fr assistance, it culd be rted in yur lw self-esteem. (所以如果你挣扎着去寻求帮助，那可能是因为你的自卑)”可知，自尊心高的人不会纠结于是否要寻求帮助，所以选项G. High self-esteem enables yu t ask fr help and supprt frm the peple arund yu when yu need it. (高自尊能让你在需要的时候向周围的人寻求帮助和支持)切合文意。故选G。
第三部分：语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Beijing residents wke up t yellw sky n Sunday mrning as nrthern China ____31____ (hit) by the largest sandstrm f the decade.
Air pllutin readings rse t the upper limit f 500 at 8 a.m., accrding t data frm the city's envirnmental mnitry center, as visibility was reduced t ____32____ (little) than 1,000 meters in parts f the city.
The city's weather bureau advised residents t stay indrs as much as pssible, while experts are wrking t find ut ____33____ the sandstrm came int being.
【答案】31. was hit/had been hit/was being hit 32. less 33. hw/why
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了中国北方遭遇的一场十年来最大的沙尘暴。
【31题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：周日早上，北京居民一觉醒来就看到了黄色的天空，中国北方遭遇了（正在遭遇）十年来最大的沙尘暴。此处缺乏谓语，动词hit意为“袭击”，和主语nrthern China构成被动关系，主语是单数，谓语也用单数形式。根据“Beijing residents wke up t yellw sky n Sunday mrning”可知，此处是讲过去的事，可以用一般过去时的被动语态；也可以表示中国北方先遭遇了沙尘暴，北京居民一觉醒来就看到了黄色的天空，即“过去的过去”，这样应使用过去完成时的被动语态；还可以表示中国北方正在遭遇沙尘暴，北京居民一觉醒来就看到了黄色的天空，这样应使用过去进行时的被动语态。故填was hit/had been hit/was being hit。
【32题详解】
考查比较级。句意：北京市环境监测中心的数据显示，上午8点，空气污染指数升至500的上限，部分地区能见度降至不到1000米。根据than可知，此处应用比较级。故填less。
【33题详解】
考查宾语从句引导词。句意：北京市气象局建议居民尽量待在室内，同时专家们正在调查沙尘暴是如何（为何）形成的。介词ut后接宾语从句，根据“experts are wrking t find ut”可知，此处是指调查沙尘暴是如何形成的或为何形成的，所以应用hw或why引导宾语从句。故填hw/why。
B
语法填空
Speaking f map apps, sme users have fund that they are useful fr mre than just ____34____ (find) ne’s way. One man, San Francisc’s Lenny Maughan, uses them t make wrks f art.
Lenny runs everywhere he can. Wherever he ges, he tracks his prgress ____35____ using an app, such as Map MyRun r Strava. As he runs, the app traces a line alng the path he fllws. S, t make his runs mre fun, Lenny decided t run in patterns that ____36____ (make) amazing images. T date, he has shared runs that have turned int images f a heart, a prtrait f artist Frida Kahl, and mre.
【答案】34. finding
35. by 36. wuld make
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了莱尼·莫恩(Lenny Maughan)有趣的跑步方法。
【34题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：说到地图应用程序，一些用户发现它们的用处不仅仅是找路。介词than后面，需加动名词finding作宾语。故填finding。
【35题详解】
考查介词。句意：无论他走到哪里，他都会使用Map MyRun或Strava等应用程序来跟踪自己的进度。此处表示“通过”应用介词by。故填by。
【36题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：所以，为了让他的跑步更有趣，莱尼决定以能产生惊人图像的模式跑步。根据“decided”和“amazing images”可知，此处使用过去将来时。故填wuld make。
C
语法填空
In 2016, I unpacked my luggage at a newly cnstructed New Yrk htel nly t realize that I ____37____ (frget) my tthpaste. I called rm service, and an ____38____ (energy) vice respnded, “Smene will bring it right up.” Tw minutes later, I pened my dr nly t discver an bject resembling a trash can n wheels, equipped with a lid, a large buttn and a small digital screen. I cautiusly pushed the buttn and the lid pened, revealing a tthpaste tube. The digital display flashed “Thank yu”. The rbtic ____39____ (visit) then turned arund and rlled away. Befre it disappeared, I snapped a pht, sending it t a friend, ____40____ later respnded, “Ww, s cl!”
【答案】37. had frgtten
38. energetic
39. visitr
40. wh
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者入住一家酒店打开行李时发现自己忘带了牙膏，于是客房服务派了一个机器人来为作者送牙膏。
【37题详解】
考查时态。句意：2016年，我在纽约一家新建的酒店里打开行李箱，却发现忘记带牙膏了。忘记带牙膏发生在打开行李箱之前，即发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时，故填had frgtten。
38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我叫了客房服务，一个充满活力的声音回应道:“马上就有人把它送上来。”此处应用形容词energetic作定语，修饰名词vice，故填energetic。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：然后机器人访客转身滚开了。此处应用名词visitr作主语，此处特指这个机器人访问者，应用单数，故填visitr。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在它消失之前，我拍了一张照片，发给了一个朋友，他后来回应说: “哇，太酷了！”空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词friend，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用wh引导定语从句，故填wh。
第四部分：词汇填空(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分)
41. When I stepped int the surgery, the dctr was busy ________ a patient. (examine)（所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】examining
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词。句意：当我走进手术室时，医生正忙着给病人做检查。分析句子结构可知，此处应为固定短语be busy (in) ding sth.意为“忙于做某事”，所以此处应使用动名词形式examining作宾语，且表示主动意义。故填examining。
42. Seeing his wallet in his bag, he blushed with ________ (embarrass). （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】embarrassment
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：看到钱包在他的包里，他尴尬地脸红了。此处应用名词embarrassment作介词with的宾语，为不可数名词，故填embarrassment。
43. We laugh a lt when watching a cmedy because f the ________ plts and funny acts. (humur) (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】humrus
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们看喜剧时笑得很开心，因为有幽默的情节和滑稽的表演。此处应用形容词humrus作定语，表示“幽默的”，修饰名词plts，故填humrus。
44. Mike ges t the gym ________t d sme weight lifting and jgging. (regular) （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】regularly
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：Mike定期去健身房做一些举重和慢跑。修饰动词短语ges t the gym，需用副词regularly，作状语。故填regularly。
45. After attending the lecture, we all raised the ________ f living a green life. (aware) （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】awareness
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：听完讲座后，我们都提高了过绿色生活的意识。此处应用名词awareness作宾语，不可数，故填awareness。
46. The audience wh have seen the perfrmance f Atkinsn are ________ that he has a genius fr cmedy. (cnvince) (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】cnvinced
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：看过阿特金森表演的观众都相信他有喜剧天赋。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作表语，cnvince的形容词为cnvinced意为“坚信的”和cnvincing意为“令人信服的”，结合句意可知，此处表示“坚信的”符合句意。故填cnvinced。
47. As a psychlgist, he has helped sme patients suffering frm ________, depressin, and eating disrders. (anxius) (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】anxiety
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一名心理学家，他帮助过一些患有焦虑症、抑郁症和饮食失调症的病人。此处应用名词anxiety作suffering frm宾语，表示“焦虑”，不可数，故填anxiety。
48. It is quite ________ t see him wearing a funny hat and making faces. (amuse) （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】amusing
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：看到他戴着一顶滑稽的帽子做鬼脸真是十分有趣。句中it作形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语，空处作句子表语，应用形容词amusing，表示“有趣的”，故填amusing。
49. I wrte him an email t shw my cngratulatins n ________ the master’s degree. (btain) （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】btaining
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我给他写了一封电子邮件，祝贺他获得硕士学位。此处应用动名词形式btaining，作介词n的宾语，故填btaining。
50. The headmaster made an fficial ________ saying that all f us culd nt use the smart phnes n campus. (annunce) （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】annuncement
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：校长发表了一项正式声明，说我们所有人都不能在校园里使用智能手机。此处应用名词annuncement作宾语，由an可知，应用名词的单数形式作宾语，故填annuncement。
第五部分：书面表达（共 35 分）
第一节 翻译句子（共 5 小题；每小题 3 分，共 15 分）
51. 当他们早晨醒来时，惊讶地发现帐篷被偷了。（astnished）（汉译英）
【答案】When they wke up in the mrning, they were astnished t find that their tent had been stlen.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句、宾语从句、形容词和不定式。根据句意。该句描述的为过去的事情，所以该句使用一般过去时，表示“当他们早晨醒来时”应为when引导的时间状语从句，位于句首时，首字母需大写，表示“醒来”应为wake up，用于一般过去时应为wke up，表示“早晨”应为in the mrning，所以从句应译为When they wke up in the mrning；表示“惊讶地发现”应为be astnished t find，其中t find应为不定式作原因状语，该句的主语与从句的主语一致，应为they，谓语动词be应使用were，表示“帐篷被偷了”应为宾语从句作find的宾语，表示“帐篷”应为their tent作宾语从句的主语，表示“偷”应为steal，与句子主语their tent之间为被动关系，且该动作发生在过去的过去，所以宾语从句应使用过去完成时的被动语态had been stlen，且宾语从句中不缺主语和宾语，句意完整，所以使用that引导的宾语从句，所以宾语从句译为that their tent had been stlen。故翻译为When they wke up in the mrning, they were astnished t find that their tent had been stlen。
52. Mr. Atkinsn完全依靠身体语言来体现他的幽默，这让他成为世界知名的喜剧演员。（rely n; 定语从句）（汉译英）
【答案】Mr. Atkinsn cmpletely relys n bdy language t cnvey his humr, which has made him a wrld-renwned cmedian.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，动词短语和定语从句。“Mr. Atkinsn完全依靠身体语言来体现他的幽默”为主句，“这让他成为世界知名的喜剧演员。”为定语从句，先行词代指前面整个句子，应用which引导非限制性定语从句，“依靠”为动词短语rely n，“完全”为副词cmpletely作状语，修饰动词短语，“来体现他的幽默”表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语，“体现”为动词cnvey，“他的幽默”为his humr，定语从句用现在完成时，“使某人成为”为make sb.+宾补，“世界知名的”为形容词wrld-renwned，“喜剧演员”为名词cmedian，作宾语补足语，故整句翻译为Mr. Atkinsn cmpletely relys n bdy language t cnvey his humr, which has made him a wrld-renwned cmedian.
53. 当老师进来的时候，学生们正在讨论如何分类垃圾。（srt）（汉译英）
【答案】The students were discussing hw t srt rubbish when the teacher came in.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句和动词。根据句意，该句描述的是过去的事情，表示“当老师进来的时候”应使用一般过去时，所以表示“进来”应为came in，结合句意，该句应为时间状语从句，使用when引导，故从句译为when the teacher came in；表示“学生们”应为the students作主语，位于句首，the的首字母需大写，表示“讨论”应为discuss，结合句意可知，此处描述的过去的某时间动作正在进行，所以使用过去进行时，表示“如何分类垃圾”应为hw t srt rubbish，所以主句应译为The students were discussing hw t srt rubbish。故翻译为The students were discussing hw t srt rubbish when the teacher came in。
54. 乘坐公共交通和使用共享自行车是减少交通堵塞好方法。（-ing 作主语） （汉译英）
【答案】Taking public transprtatin and using shared bikes are gd ways t reduce traffic jams.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词时态。表示“乘坐公共交通”应用take public transprtatin；表示“和”应用and；表示“使用共享自行车”应用use shared bikes，take public transprtatin和use shared bikes为主语，使用动名词形式；表示“是”应用be，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为并列的动名词短语，be动词用are；表示“好方法”应用gd ways；表示“减少交通堵塞”应用reduce traffic jams，修饰名词ways，需用动词不定式作后置定语。故翻译成：Taking public transprtatin and using shared bikes are gd ways t reduce traffic jams.。
55. 我奶奶去购物时，经常使用可重复使用的袋子而不用塑料袋。（plastic） （汉译英）
【答案】My grandmther ften uses reusable bags instead f plastic nes when she ges shpping.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句、动词、名词和形容词。根据句意，表示“我的奶奶”应为my grandmther作主语，my位于句首时，首字母需大写，表示“经常”应为ften，由此可知，该句使用一般现在时，表示“使用”应为use作谓语，与主语之间为主动关系，且句子主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语使用uses，表示“可重复使用的袋子”应为reusable bags，表示“而不使用塑料袋”应为instead f plastic nes，其中nes指代上文中的bags，为泛指意义，所以主句应译为My grandmther ften uses reusable bags instead f plastic nes；表示“我奶奶去购物时”应为时间状语从句，引导词为when，主语与主句主语一致，所以使用she指代，表示“去购物”应为g shpping，根据主句中的谓语动词uses可知，此处使用一般现在时，与主语之间为主动关系，且主语为第三人称单数，所以从句应译为when she ges shpping。故翻译为My grandmther ften uses reusable bags instead f plastic nes when she ges shpping。
第二节（共 20 分）
56. 假设你是高三学生李华，得知你的美国笔友Peter暑假要来中国旅游并在北京停留一天。有两条游览路线让他犹豫不决：1. 长城一日游；2. 天安门广场、故宫一日游。Peter想征询你的意见。请你根据以下内容，给他写一封电子邮件。内容包括：
1. 欢迎他来北京旅游；
2. 推荐路线并说明理由；
3. 提出可以陪他游览一天。(Wrd limit:80-100)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Peter,
Hw are things ging?
I’m s excited t hear that yu are cming t Beijing this winter vacatin. I just can’t wait t see yu.
Regarding yur tw chices f hw t spend the day, I’d like t recmmend the secnd, a ne day tur f the Frbidden City and the Tian’anmen Square. As the largest museum f culture and art in China, and the centre f the Beijing city, the tw scenic spts have been regarded as must-see attractins, especially fr thse wh will visit Beijing fr nly ne day. Dn’t wrry abut the tur guide. I can accmpany yu thrughut the day. We’re sure t have a gd time.
I hpe my suggestin will be f sme help t yu. If yu have any ther questins, just write t me.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的推荐信。要求考生给美国笔友Peter写一封电子邮件，向其推荐一条北京一日游路线并说明理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
关于：regarding→ in regard t/cncerning
被视作：be regarded as → be cnsidered as
肯定：sure→ certain