山东省临沂市2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份山东省临沂市2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷(含答案)，共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，书面表达，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。


一、阅读理解
Famus fr its sunny beaches and natural wnders, Miyak Island welcmes many visitrs during hlidays.
Unique beaches
Ynaha Maehama Beach is the mst famus beach in Miyak Island, where white sand stretches fr seven kilmeters. The cean is clred in emerald blue, attracting visitrs with its beauty. Cmpact Sunayama Beach, knwn fr its arch-shaped rck, is lcated in a small cve, and is accessed by walking thrugh a narrw tunnel f trees.
Diverse and clrful fish
Snrkeling (潜水)is a must-try in Miyak Island. Dense cral reefs, schls f trpical fish, sea turtles and plenty f space t free dive t depths f 8 t 15 meters clse t the shre are standut features. Fr beginners, Aragusuku and Shigira are a gd chice but advanced snrkelers may see Imgy Marine Garden, Waiwai Beach and Shimjishima as their ultimate spts.
The bridges
Irabu Bridge is the lngest tll-free bridge in Japan. It cnnects Miyak Island and Irabujima, stretching fr 3540m, drawing a gentle curve (曲线). The length f the bridge can als be read as “san (3) g (5) n shi (4) ma,” meaning cral island in Japanese. Smaller bridges cnnect Irabu and Shimji islands, giving visitrs additinal beach ptins. On Shimji Island, there is a bardwalk arund Triike, tw dramatic marine (海洋的)pnds cnnected t each ther and the sea by an underwater cave system.
Fr mre infrmatin, please click here www. travelguide. cm.
1、What is special abut the Cmpact Sunayama Beach?
A. Its rck is arch-shaped.
B. The white sand stretches lng.
C. The cean is clred in emerald blue.
D. Its lcatin is in a narrw tunnel f tree.
2、Which place is the best fr experienced snrkelers?
A. Aragusuku.B. Irabu.C. Waiwai beach.D. Shigira.
3、What can we knw abut Irabu Bridge?
A. It has tw marine pnds.
B. It presents a gentle curve.
C. It is the lngest bridge in Japan.
D. It cnnects Miyak Island and Shimji.
Originally frm Binghamtn, Senir Jnathan Shapir, the Business majr decided t pursue his degree t further his music career. “The reasn I came here was because in my senir year, I had a manager wh was the wner f 105.5 The Beat, a radi statin here in Rchester, and he invited me t cme t this Kevin Gates cncert,” Shapir said. “I wrked with him fr mnths, and I never ended up signing … but this schl was clse t him.”
The majrity f fellw rappers that Shapir has encuntered in Rchester live different lives than he des—they dn’t g t cllege, and they’re brn-and-bred inner-city Rchester residents. They have, accrding t Shapir, “a lt f real-life experiences” that cme thrugh in their wrk, which he admires. “I’ve met kids as yung as 15 and peple as ld as 30 in the studis.”
Shapir himself has been shifting int, in his wn wrds, “a mre hyperpp sund” in cmparisn t his earlier wrk. He started making his wn music in seventh grade after breaking his back, which shattered his dream f becming a prfessinal sccer player, and never stpped.
In the future, Shapir is planning a jint cncert with sme ther Rchester musicians and rappers in the spring at Water Street Music Hall, as well as releasing further music acrss the curse f the year. “It wuld be a mix f lcal artists and sme UR artists, like a festival,” Shapir said. “I want it t be a shwcase f multiple artists if I can make that happen.”
When asked abut advice that he wuld give t ambitius musicians and rappers here in Rchester, Shapir had this t say: “Dn’t get discuraged by results and dn’t be results-riented (导向). If yu want t get ut there, d it because yu lve it and because yu want t make gd art, and that will always have an impact.”
4、What can we learn abut Shapir in paragraph 1?
A. He became a staff f a radi statin.
B. He went n with his music learning.
C. He wrked as a manager in a cncert.
D. He graduated frm a business schl.
5、What des the underlined wrd “shattered” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Killed.B. Fulfilled.C. Cntinued.D. Abandned.
6、Which f the fllwing can best describe Shapir?
A. Adrable and reliable.B. Psitive and talented.
C. Cperative and admirable.D. Curageus and experienced.
7、What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Fcusing n Results Always Matters
B. Setting Gals can Build a Life-lng Career
C. Learning frm Failure is the Key t Success
D. Fllwing Yur Heart can Make a Difference
The “butterfly effect” may be real, which is used t describe seemingly insignificant events that can have unplanned cnsequences. But there might be a mre literal “butterfly effect” taking place right befre ur eyes, scientists suggest.
Accrding t new research, insects actually carry electrical charges which can have enrmus effects n the atmsphere, ptentially influencing even the weather. The findings were published Mnday in the jurnal Science.
Befre yu can understand that, yu have t understand hw electrical charges in the atmsphere wrk. The Earth’s atmsphere always carries an electrical charge t a lesser r greater degree, which scientists refer t as the Ptential Gradient (PG). Scientists cncluded that atmspheric electricity is primarily driven by natural weather events like thunderstrms and shwer cluds, thugh factrs like human pllutin als affect it. Researchers, therefre, want t knw hw electrical charges impact cluds.
T cnfirm that hneybees carry electrical charges, researchers placed an electrical field mnitr near a swarm f (一群) hneybees near the University f Bristl. They als placed a cntrl mnitr in a field where there were n bee swarms. The mnitr near the bee swarm picked up an increase in electrical charge whereas the cntrl mnitr detected n such effect, cnfirming their assumptin.
Secnd, the researchers wanted t calculate the insects’ electrical effects n the atmsphere cmpared t the electrical impacts f natural weather events like cluds and dust strms. They calculated the electrical charge f three different types f insect swarms. Mst surprisingly, insects’ electrical charges can have just as significant an impact n atmspheric electricity as natural weather events.
The knwledge that insects impact the atmsphere’s electricity has bigger implicatins fr science. PG affects the “mvement f aersls (气溶胶) in the atmsphere, and leads t charging f drplets in sme cluds,” accrding t Hunting. Insect swarms likely wn’t drive weather events like thunderstrms, but they culd impact the mvement f these atmspheric aersls.
Further research will dive int this previusly unexplred field f scientific research and may g beynd insects, since rganisms like birds and micrbes als carry electrical charges.
8、What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. The backgrund f the research.
B. The publicatin f jurnal Science.
C. The wrk f electrical charges in atmsphere.
D. The electrical effects f insects n atmsphere.
9、Hw did researchers cnduct the prcess f experiments?
A. By using statistics.B. By analyzing causes.
C. By intrducing cncepts.D. By making cmparisns.
10、Which has the least electrical effects n the atmsphere’s electricity?
A. Human pllutin.B. Shwer cluds.
C. The thunderstrms.D. The insect swarms.
11、What can we learn abut the research frm the passage?
A. Insect swarms are likely t drive thunderstrms.
B. Natural weather events lead t charging f drplets.
C. Bth PG and insect swarms affect the mvement f atmspheric aersls.
D. Researchers have made cntrlled experiment between insects and rganisms.
Running has lng been cnsidered ne f the mst efficient, cnvenient, and beneficial wrkuts. But sme claim yu get mre ut f the classic way f exercising with a new technique—r rather a 180-degree abut-face.
A study led by Dr. Gardner published in 2016 in the Jurnal f Strength and Cnditining backs this up. Researchers fund that running backwards benefited athletes by imprving their running ecnmy; by running backwards ver time the athletes became better runners verall.
Unlike frward running, which generally uses the muscles in the frnt f the leg, running backwards primarily uses the muscles f the bttm chain, especially the calf（腓）muscles and glutes. Dr. Gardner adds, “Within just a minute r tw f running backwards, yu’ll start t feel the burning in yur calves!”
Frankie Ruiz, a lngtime crss-cuntry running cach and chief running fficer explains that aside frm mving in reverse, running backwards differs frm regular running because it requires an entirely different cmbinatin f things t d crrectly.
Running backwards may be easier n the knees. “In a backwards mvement, the set f muscles invlved in absrbing the impact in the lwer level are ppsite. Yur lwer leg muscles are ding mst f the absrbing, thereby placing less stress n the knees. Running backwards will recruit lesser utilized muscles resulting in muscle grwth and tning,” says Ruiz.
In additin t using different muscles than running frwards, running backwards enhances balance and psture, “as it frces yu t stay in a mre upright psitin,” Gardner says.
As t claims that running backwards can burn mre calries than frward running, Gardner says it’s nt s black and white. Lts f factrs (including heart rate, age, and thers) affect hw many calries yu burn during any particular activity. “Different muscle pattern usage desn’t necessarily burn mre calries. It is the intensity（强度）that matters mst,” she pints ut.
Because running backwards causes mre muscle activity than running frwards, hwever, Gardner ntes it makes sense that ne might burn mre calries, but there’s nt cnclusive data n exact calrie cnsumptin differences.
12、What is the benefit f running backwards?
A. It cmbines varius muscles.
B. It can better athletes’ perfrmance.
C. It frees the frnt muscles f the leg.
D. It gets calf muscles and glutes burned.
13、Why is Ruiz’s pinin n running backwards mentined?
A. T state mre f its advantages.
B. T share his persnal preference.
C. T shw its prmising develpment.
D. T intrduce detailed guidance n it.
14、What can we learn frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. Calries cnsumptin is difficult t measure.
B. Using different muscles can burn mre calries.
C. The amunt f calries burning depends n many aspects.
D. Running backwards burns mre calries than running frwards.
15、Wh wuld benefit mst frm this passage?
A. Nutritinists pursuing a balanced diet.
B. Patients hping t cure their injured knees.
C. Caches intending t better their training methds.
D. Runners seeking t imprve their ecnmical situatin.
二、七选五
16、A small change can make a big difference t yur health and well-being. Take yur pick frm these easy habits t adpt tday.
Stand tall when yu’re hurting
①______. But did yu knw it can make yu better able t cpe with pain? Cntrary t ppular belief, say Canadian researchers, curling up int a ball can actually make pain wrse. Yu can adpt a dminant pse — by standing tall and pushing ut yur chest. ②______. It may als lead t hrmnal (荷尔蒙的) changes that encurage pain tlerance. ③______
Trying t cut dwn n alchl? It pays t switch glasses, as well as measures. Accrding t latest research, the shape f the glass yu use can influence hw much yu drink. Picking a straight glass ver a curved ne enables yu t mre accurately judge the amunts yu’re cnsuming. Als try drinking frm a smaller glass. Bigger nes encurage peple t drink mre.
Dn’t eat in frnt f the TV
Eating while distracted nt nly means yu’re mre likely t cnsume extra calries. ④______, s yu’re mre likely t vereat later in the day, accrding t a review f studies at the University f Liverpl. “If peple recalled their last meal as being filling and satisfying, they ate less during their next meal,” says Dr Eric Rbinsn.
Start a gratitude habit
Nt enjying yur jb at the mment? “Try fighting it with a gratitude habit,” suggests Susanna Halnen. ⑤______. It will help t shift yur perspective, s yu’ll sn start t ntice things yu enjy abut yur wrk and replace pre-wrk dread with excitement.
A. Switch t curved glass
B. Change yur wine glass
C. There are cuntless benefits t gd psture, f curse
D. But dn’t be attempted t eat yur lunch at the same time
E. It als makes it mre difficult t recall hw much yu’ve eaten
F. End each wrking day by writing a list f three things yu feel grateful fr
G. It creates a sense f pwer and cntrl that can make the pain easier t bear
三、完形填空（15空）
El Capitan in Ysemite Natinal Park in Califrnia rises 3, 000-feet frm base t summit (最高点). It’s a vertical (垂首的) wall f rck, making it a ppular 1 fr rck climbers frm all ver the wrld.
In fact, climbers like Je Baker say summiting El Capitan is the 2 gal fr adventurers. His sn, Sam Baker, became the yungest persn t vercme the 3 wall f rck. Oh, did we mentin that Sam is nly 8 years ld?
Je has climbed the muntain befre, but 4 frm the base t the summit. Making the climb was a dream f his, and seeing his sn meet the 5 f ne f the mst difficult frmatins in the wrld made the experience even mre 6 . Sam was well-prepared fr the hardships they’d encunter while climbing, and he 7 hard fr the task. On Octber 30th, Sam 8 the tp f the rck face, setting a yungest recrd t climb El Capitan! Je 9 the news n Instagram. “We 10 it!” he wrte. “Sam wanted t end ur 11 with a cuddle (拥抱). I’m s 12 f Sam. He cmpleted the yungest recrd f climbing El Capitan! In a few years he might 13 mre recrds.”
What an extrardinary 14 , especially fr smene s yung! We can’t wait t see this yung athlete breaks recrds as he cntinues n his 15 jurney.
17、A. landscapeB. destinatinC. bjectD. scene
18、A. ultimateB. uniqueC. flexibleD. incredible
19、A. cleanB. impressiveC. smthD. diverse
20、A. eventuallyB. cnstantlyC. neverD. smetimes
21、A. standardB. requirementC. deadlineD. challenge
22、A. beneficialB. defensiveC. specialD. alarming
23、A. servedB. preservedC. reactedD. trained
24、A. leftB. gainedC. reachedD. measured
25、A. sharedB. nticedC. receivedD. remved
26、A. triedB. madeC. keptD. gt
27、A. adventureB. caseC. memryD. plt
28、A. wrthyB. prudC. awareD. fnd
29、A. breakB. buildC. frgetD. maintain
30、A. evidenceB. missinC. arrangementD. achievement
31、A. surfingB. studyingC. climbingD. living
四、短文填空
32、What makes a family a family is subjective, but ne thing is ①______(pwerful) than any definitin, and that’s lve.
After Rick Baldwin and his wife Keia Jnes-Baldwin f Kernersville, gt married, they came t the difficult ②______ (realize) that a bilgical baby wasn’t in the cards fr their family. In 2015 the Jnes-Baldwin family started pening their drs t children ③______ may never have experienced real parental lve. They ④______ (adpt) sme f the kids since the family welcmed six kids.
Their first adptee was Ayden, ⑤______ 8-year-ld by wh lived with them fr tw years befre they ⑥______ (fficial) made him a Jnes-Baldwin. Princetn, a white newbrn, was nly suppsed t be with them fr a cuple mnths but als ended up ⑦______ (stay) fr tw years befre he jined the excited family. Keia started a platfrm ⑧______ (call) Raising Cultures, where she shares her experiences as a mm thrugh ⑨______ (vide), pictures, and ther resurces.
On a larger scale, Keia’s wrk with Raising Cultures serves ⑩______ a reminder t wrld that when it cmes t family, “Lve is clr-blind.”
五、书面表达
33、假定你是李华，今年暑假去澳大利亚玩了一周，你的朋友Peter招待了你，请给他写一封信表示感谢，内容包括：
1. 表达谢意；
2. 回顾Peter对你的招待；
3. 邀请他来中国旅游。
注意：
1. 词数应为80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。
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六、读后续写
34、阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It all began when I mved t Dallasin the furth grade, and I nticed that I was behind in my reading at Schl. Reading ut lud, I had difficulty with half the sentences. My teacher, Mrs. Agnew, said my reading cmprehensin and ability t prnunce wrds was at a lwer level than ther furth graders. I was scared every time she called n me t read alud because, althugh I wuld try my hardest, she wuld always have t help me with the wrds. Mrs. Agnew suggested t my mther that I be tested fr dyslexia (发育性阅读障碍) and seek a cure.
At first I didn’t understand why I was being tested. T be hnest, I was in fear f facing failure then. Nervus and cnfused, I sat waiting in the hspital rm, unsure f what Dr. Grady, the dctr wh diagnsed develpmental dyslexia, was telling my parents abut the test results.
Hwever, the final results shwed that I did have develpmental dyslexia. Knwing it, I frze. I had n idea what t d but stand still. My mther lked at me and said quietly, “Hney, dn’t wrry, and I’ll be with yu all time. Are yu ging t let the bstacle get in yur way? Say NO!”. Eventually, I became determined t struggle against my disability. I started t take speech treatments frm dctrs and sme medical vlunteers regularly. Dr. Grady tld us t g t the hspital twice a week fr treatment and my reading ability will get t nrmal after three years’ training.
Gradually, I even began t lve reading, which I had nce hated it s much. Several medical vlunteers listened t me patiently and taught me patiently. I was deeply mved. Whenever I saw vlunteers in white candy-striped (粉白相间条纹的) medical unifrms passing by me, I had a strng desire t give back by being a vlunteer t help thse like me.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The time fr retesting finally arrived.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One day a little girl in a wheelchair asked me t read a bk t her.
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参考答案
1、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据Unique beaches部分的“Cmpact Sunayama Beach, knwn fr its arch-shaped rck, is lcated in a small cve, and is accessed by walking thrugh a narrw tunnel f trees.( Cmpact Sunayama Beach以其拱形岩石而闻名，位于一个小海湾中，步行穿过狭窄的树木隧道即可到达)”可知，Cmpact Sunayama Beach是以拱形岩石而著名的，也就是说Cmpact Sunayama Beach的特殊之处在于它的岩石是拱形的。故选A项。
2、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Diverse and clrful fish 部分的“Fr beginners, Aragusuku and Shigira are a gd chice but advanced snrkelers may see Imgy Marine Garden, Waiwai Beach and Shimjishima as their ultimate spts.(对于初学者来说，Aragusuku和Shigira是一个不错的选择，但高级浮潜者可能会将 Imgy Marine Garden，Waiwai Beach和Shimjishima视为他们的终极景点)”可知，高级潜水者把Imgy Marine Garden，Waiwai Beach and Shimjishima称之为他们的终极景点，所以Waiwai beach是他们的最佳选择。故选C项。
3、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据The bridges 部分中的“Irabu Bridge is the lngest tll-free bridge in Japan. It cnnects Miyak Island and Irabujima, stretching fr 3540m, drawing a gentle curve (曲线).( Irabu Bridge是日本最长的免费桥。它连接Miyak Island和Irabujima，绵延3540米，绘制了一条平缓的曲线)”可知，Irabu Bridge连接着Miyak Island和Irabujima，划出一道平缓的曲线，也就是说，它呈现出一道平缓的曲线。故选B项。
4、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Originally frm Binghamtn, Senir Jnathan Shapir, the Business majr decided t pursue his degree t further his music career.(来自宾厄姆顿，商务专业大四的Jnathan Shapir决定继续他的学位，以进一步发展他的音乐事业。)”可知，Jnathan Shapir决定攻读学位，进一步发展自己的音乐事业，因此可知，他会继续他的音乐学习。故选B项。
5、答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据单词所在句子中的“He started making his wn music in seventh grade after breaking his back,…(他背部骨折以后，七年级的时候便开始创作自己的音乐……)”可知，他背部骨折后开始制作自己的音乐，分析句子结构可知，which引导的非限制性定语从句是对主句的解释说明，结合常识可知，由于背部骨折让他无法实现自己成为职业足球运动员的梦想，所以scatter的意思应为“扼杀”。故选A项。
6、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据首段中的““The reasn I came here was because in my senir year, I had a manager wh was the wner f 105.5 The Beat, a radi statin here in Rchester, and he invited me t cme t this Kevin Gates cncert,” Shapir said.(“我来这里的原因是，在我大四的时候，我有一位经理是罗切斯特广播电台105.5 The Beat的老板，他邀请我来参加凯文盖茨的音乐会，”Shapir说。)”可知，他在大四的时候有电台老板邀请他去参加Kevin Gates的音乐会，以及“He started making his wn music in seventh grade(他从七年级开始制作自己的音乐)”可知，在他七年级时开始创作音乐可知，他是个有才华的人，根据最后一段中的Shapir在给音乐家和说唱歌手提建议时说的“Dn’t get discuraged by results and dn’t be results-riented (导向).(不要因结果气馁，不要以结果为导向。)”可知，他是一个积极向上的人，综合以上信息可知，Shapir是一个积极向上，有才华的人。故选B项。
7、答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据最后一段“When asked abut advice that he wuld give t ambitius musicians and rappers here in Rchester, Shapir had this t say: “Dn’t get discuraged by results and dn’t be results-riented (导向). If yu want t get ut there, d it because yu lve it and because yu want t make gd art, and that will always have an impact.”(当被问及他给罗切斯特雄心勃勃的音乐家和说唱歌手的建议时，Shapir说：“不要因结果气馁，不要以结果为导向。如果你想走出去，那就去做，因为你喜欢它，因为你想制作好的艺术，这总会有影响的。)”以及结合Shapir的经历可知，本文主要讲述的是Shapir为实现自己的音乐梦，继续攻读学位，他追随自己本心，不放弃自己的梦想，由此可知，本文的题目为“追随本心可以产生影响”符合文章的主题。故选D项。
8、答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Accrding t new research, insects actually carry electrical charges which can have enrmus effects n the atmsphere, ptentially influencing even the weather.(根据新的研究，昆虫实际上携带电荷，会对大气产生巨大影响，甚至可能影响天气)”可知，研究发现，昆虫可能带有电荷，会对大气产生影响。代词“that”通常指代上文中的内容，所以“that”指代的内容为昆虫携带的电荷对大气的影响。故选D项。
9、答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The mnitr near the bee swarm picked up an increase in electrical charge whereas the cntrl mnitr detected n such effect, cnfirming their assumptin.(蜂群附近的监视器检测到电荷增加，而控制监视器没有检测到这种影响，证实了他们的假设)”可知，研究发现有峰群的区域电荷增加，而没有峰群的区域未监控到电荷的变化，由此可知，该研究是采用比较的方法进行的。故选D项。
10、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Scientists cncluded that atmspheric electricity is primarily driven by natural weather events like thunderstrms and shwer cluds, thugh factrs like human pllutin als affect it.(科学家得出结论，大气电主要由雷暴和阵雨云等自然天气事件驱动，尽管人类污染等因素也会影响它)”以及倒数第三段中的“Mst surprisingly, insects’ electrical charges can have just as significant an impact n atmspheric electricity as natural weather events.(最令人惊讶的是，昆虫的电荷对大气电的影响与自然天气事件一样重要)”可知，昆虫的电荷与自然天气事件对大气电的影响是一样的重要，所以人类污染对大气电的影响是最小的。故选A项。
11、答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“PG affects the “mvement f aersls in the atmsphere, and leads t charging f drplets in sme cluds,” accrding t Hunting.(根据Hunting的说法，PG影响“大气中气溶胶的运动，并导致某些云中的液滴充电”)”可知，PG影响大气中气溶胶的运动，根据下文中的“Insect swarms likely wn’t drive weather events like thunderstrms, but they culd impact the mvement f these atmspheric aersls.(昆虫群可能不会驱动雷暴等天气事件，但它们可能会影响这些大气气溶胶的运动)”可知，昆虫群可能会影响这些大气气溶胶的运动，由以上内容可以推断，PG和昆虫群都会影响大气气溶胶的运动。故选C项。
12、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段Researchers fund that running backwards benefited athletes by imprving their running ecnmy；by running backwards ver time the athletes became better runners verall.（研究人员发现，向后跑步通过改善跑步经济使运动员受益；随着时间的推移，通过向后跑，运动员总体上变成了更好的跑步者。）可知，向后跑步的运动员整体上会成为更好的跑步运动员，即能使运动员的表现更好。故选B。
13、答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段Running backwards may be easier n the knees. "In a backwards mvement，the set f muscles invlved in absrbing the impact in the lwer level are ppsite.Yur lwer leg muscles are ding mst f the absrbing，thereby placing less stress n the knees.Running backwards will recruit lesser utilized muscles resulting in muscle grwth and tning，" says Ruiz.（膝盖向后跑可能更容易。"在向后运动中，参与吸收较低水平冲击力的一组肌肉是相反的。您的小腿肌肉正在完成大部分吸收，从而减轻膝盖的压力。向后跑步会招募较少使用的肌肉，从而导致肌肉生长和调理，"Ruiz说。）可知，Ruiz认为倒着跑步对膝盖有保护作用，且也会导致肌肉的增长和塑形，结合本文主题为倒着跑步的好处，所以提到Ruiz的观点是为了陈述更多倒着跑步的好处。故选A。
14、答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Lts f factrs （including heart rate，age，and thers） affect hw many calries yu burn during any particular activity.（许多因素（包括心率、年龄等）会影响您在任何特定活动中燃烧多少热量。）以及最后一段Because running backwards causes mre muscle activity than running frwards，hwever，Gardner ntes it makes sense that ne might burn mre calries，but there's nt cnclusive data n exact calrie cnsumptin differences.（然而，因为向后跑步比向前跑步会导致更多的肌肉活动，加德纳指出，一个人可能会燃烧更多的卡路里是有道理的，但没有关于确切卡路里消耗差异的结论性数据。）可知，向后跑步比向前跑步肌肉活动会更多，但没有明确的结论证实热量燃烧的差异性，有很多因素决定了热量燃烧的多少。由此可推断，最后两段讲述的是热量燃烧的量取决于很多因素，故选C。
15、答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段Researchers fund that running backwards benefited athletes by imprving their running ecnmy；by running backwards ver time the athletes became better runners verall.（研究人员发现，向后跑步通过改善跑步经济使运动员受益；随着时间的推移，通过向后跑，运动员总体上变成了更好的跑步者。）可知，研究发现，向后跑步能整体上提高运动员的表现。由此可推断，打算优化训练方法的教练可以考虑用此方法训练运动员，以提高他们的成绩，所以这篇文章的受益者应是打算优化训练方法的教练。故选C。
16、答案：①-⑤CGBEF
解析：①推理判断题。根据主题句Stand tall when yu're hurting（受伤时站起来）；以及后文But did yu knw it can make yu better able t cpe with pain（但你知道它能让你更好地应对疼痛吗），可知表示"当然，良好的姿势有无数好处"的选项C可以承接主题，与后句构成递进关系，故选C。
②推理判断题。根据后文It may als lead t hrmnal （荷尔蒙的） changes that encurage pain tlerance（也可能导致荷尔蒙发生增强疼痛耐受的变化），可知表示"它创造了一种力量感和控制感，可以让疼痛更容易承受"的选项G符合前后介绍良好的姿势可以减缓疼痛的语境，故选G。
③主题判断题。根据后文Trying t cut dwn n alchl？It pays t switch glasses，as well as measures.Accrding t latest research，the shape f the glass yu use can influence hw much yu drink.Picking a straight glass ver a curved ne enables yu t mre accurately judge the amunts yu're cnsuming（试图减少饮酒？更换玻璃杯的形状和大小都是值得的。根据最新研究，你使用的杯子的形状会影响你的饮酒量。在选择一个直的杯子取代弯曲的杯子，可以让你更准确地判断你的消费量），可知表示"换掉曲面玻璃杯"的选项A可以承接上文，和是关联词，故选A。
④推理判断题。根据后半句s yu're mre likely t vereat later in the day（你所以更有可能消耗额外的热量），可知表示"这也让你更难回忆自己吃了多少"的选项E符合前后介绍在电视机前吃饭会吃多的语境，vereat和mre difficult t recall hw much yu've eaten是关联词，故选E。
⑤推理判断题。根据前文Nt enjying yur jb at the mment？ " Try fighting it with a gratitude habit， " suggests Susanna Halnen（现在不喜欢你的工作吗？苏珊娜•哈洛宁建议："试着用感恩的习惯来克服它"），可知表示"在每一个工作日结束时，列一份你感到感激的三件事的清单"的选项F可以承接上文，a gratitude habit和three things yu feel grateful fr是关联词，故选F。
17、答案：B
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.landscape景色；B.destinatin目的地；C.bject物体；D.scene现场。根据下句 In fact，climbers like Je Baker say summiting El Capitan is the（2）gal fr adventurers可知事实上，像乔•贝克这样的登山者说攀登埃尔卡皮坦峰是冒险者的终极目标。说明它成为世界各地攀岩者的热门目的地。故答案为B。
18、答案：A
解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.ultimate最后的；B.unique独特的；C.flexible灵活的；D.incredible难以置信的。根据上句It's a vertical （垂直的） wall f rck，making it a ppular（1）fr rck climbers frm all ver the wrld.可知这是一堵垂直的岩壁，使它成为世界各地攀岩者的热门目的地。说明这是冒险者的终极目标。故答案为A。
19、答案：B
解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.clean干净的；B.impressive印象深刻的；C.smth平滑的；D.diverse多种多样的。根据前文It's a vertical （垂直的） wall f rck，making it a ppular（1）fr rck climbers frm all ver the wrld.可知这是一堵垂直的岩壁，使它成为世界各地攀岩者的热门目的地。说明这是令人印象深刻的岩壁。故答案为B。
20、答案：C
解析：考查副词及语境理解。A.eventually最后；B.cnstantly持续地；C.never绝不；D.smetimes有时。根据上句 Je has climbed the muntain befre（乔以前爬过这座山）和but表示转折，可知从来都没有从山脚爬到山顶。故答案为C。
21、答案：D
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.standard标准；B.requirement需求；C.deadline最后期限；D.challenge挑战。根据上句Making the climb was a dream f his可知攀登是他的梦想，说明他的儿子迎接了世界上最困难的地层之一的挑战。故答案为D。
22、答案：C
解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.beneficial受益的；B.defensive保卫的；C.special特殊的；D.alarming使人惊恐的。根据上句Making the climb was a dream f his可知攀登是他的梦想，说明看到他的儿子迎接世界上最困难的编队之一的挑战，使他的经历更加特别。故答案为C。
23、答案：D
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.served服务；B.preserved保护；C.reacted反应；D.trained训练。根据上句Sam was well-prepared fr the hardships（萨姆对困难有充分的准备）可知他为了这项任务而努力训练。故答案为D。
24、答案：C
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.left离开；B.gained得到；C.reached到达；D.measured测量。根据下句setting a yungest recrd t climb El Capitan!可知创造了攀登埃尔卡皮坦山的最年轻记录！说明10月30日，萨姆登上了岩石表面的顶端，故答案为C。
25、答案：A
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.shared分享；B.nticed注意到；C.received接收；D.remved去除。根据下句 " We（10）it! " he wrte.可知"我们成功了！"他写道。说明乔在Instagram上分享了这个消息。故答案为A。
26、答案：B
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.tried尝试；B.made制作；C.kept保持；D.gt得到。根据上句setting a yungest recrd t climb El Capitan!可知创造了攀登埃尔卡皮坦山的最年轻记录！说明他们成功了。make it成功。故答案为B。
27、答案：A
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.adventure冒险；B.case案例；C.memry记忆；D.plt阴谋。根据前文Sam was well-prepared fr the hardships（萨姆对困难有充分的准备）可知他成功了，冒险结束了。故答案为A。
28、答案：B
解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.wrthy值得的；B.prud自豪的；C.aware有意识的；D.fnd喜欢的。根据下句He cmpleted the yungest recrd f climbing El Capitan!可知他完成了攀登埃尔卡皮坦最年轻的记录！说明他的母亲非常自豪。故答案为B。
29、答案：A
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.break打破；B.build建造；C.frget忘记；D.maintain保持。根据上句He cmpleted the yungest recrd f climbing El Capitan!可知他完成了攀登埃尔卡皮坦最年轻的记录！说明几年后，他可能会打破更多的记录。故答案为A。
30、答案：D
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.evidence证据；B.missin使命；C.arrangement安排；D.achievement成就。根据前文He cmpleted the yungest recrd f climbing El Capitan!可知他完成了攀登埃尔卡皮坦最年轻的记录！说明多么非凡的成就，尤其是对如此年轻的人来说。故答案为D。
31、答案：C
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.surfing冲浪；B.studying学习；C.climbing爬；D.living居住。我们迫不及待地想看到这位年轻的运动员在继续他的攀登之旅时打破记录。故答案为C。
32、答案：①mre pwerful②realizatin/realisatin③wh/that④have adpted⑤an⑥fficially⑦staying⑧called⑨vides⑩as
解析：①考查形容词比较级。句意：使一个家庭成为家庭的因素是主观的，但有一件事比任何定义都更强大，那就是爱。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作表语，根据空后的than，可知，此处应为形容词的比较级。故填mre pwerful。
②考查不可数名词。句意：在克纳斯维尔的里克鲍德温（Rick Baldwin）和他的妻子凯亚琼斯——鲍德温（Keia Jnes Baldwin）结婚后，他们艰难地意识到，他们家可能不会有自己的亲生孩子。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作宾语，realize的名词形式为realizatin/realisatin，且为不可数名词。故填realizatin/realisatin。
③考查定语从句。句意：2015年，琼斯——鲍德温一家开始向那些可能从未体验过真正父母之爱的孩子敞开大门。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连词引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且先行词hildren指人，应用关系代词wh/that引导。故填wh/that。
④考查时态。句意：自从他们家接纳了六个孩子以来，他们已经收养了他们中的一些孩子。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据since意为"自从"时，主句应用现在完成时态，且adpt与主语为主动关系，主语为复数。故填have adpted。
⑤考查冠词。句意：他们的第一个被收养的孩子是艾登，一个8岁的男孩，在他们正式把他变成琼斯鲍德温之前，他和他们一起生活了两年。可数名词单数by前需要限定词，结合句意可知，此处意为"一个8岁的小男孩"，表示泛指，所以应填不定冠词，空后的数字8的发音的第一个音素为元音。故填an。
⑥考查副词。句意：他们的第一个被收养的孩子是艾登，一个8岁的男孩，在他们正式把他变成琼斯鲍德温之前，他和他们一起生活了两年。分析句子结构可知，此处用副词作状语修饰谓语动词，fficial的副词为fficially。故填fficially。
⑦考查动名词。句意：普林斯顿是一个白人新生儿，原本只应该和他们在一起几个月，但最终在加入这个兴奋的家庭之前与他们在一起待了两年。end up ding sth意为"以……而告终"，此处用动名词。故填staying。
⑧考查过去分词。句意：凯亚创建了一个名为Raising Culures的平台，在那里她通过视频、图片和其他资源分享她作为母亲的经历。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰a platfrm，结合句意可知，call与a platfrm间为被动关系，表示当时所处的状态，所以使用过去分词形式。故填called。
⑨考查名词复数。句意：凯亚创建了一个名为Raising Cultures的平台，在那里她通过视频、图片和其他资源分享她作为母亲的经历。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，vide为可数名词，结合句意可知此处表示泛指，且空前无不定冠词，所以用名词复数表泛指概念。故填vides。
⑩考查介词。句意：在更大程度上，凯亚与Raising Cultures的合作提醒世界，当涉及到家庭时，"爱是色盲"。根据句意可知，此处为固定短语serve as意为"充当，担当"的意思。故填as。
33、答案：
Dear Peter,
I’m Li Hua. I am writing t cnvey my heartfelt gratitude t yu fr yur cmpany in Australia during the summer vacatin.
Every time I recall the time I spent in Australia, I culdn’t help thinking f yu. Undubtedly, I wuldn’t have enjyed myself s much withut yu. T begin with, it was the cmfrtable accmmdatin and warm entertainment that made me feel at hme and enjyable. Mrever, nt nly did yu lead me t sme scenic spts but als tk me t taste all types f fd in Australia, which deepened my understanding f Australian culture.
I am sincerely inviting yu t pay a visit t China next summer vacatin.
Yurs,
Li Hua
解析：高分句型一：Every time I recall the time I spent in Australia，I culdn't help thinking f yu.
译文：每当我回忆起在澳大利亚度过的时光，我都会情不自禁地想起你。
分析：这句话使用了every time引导的时间状语从句。
高分句型二：T begin with，it was the cmfrtable accmmdatin and warm entertainment that made me feel at hme and enjyable.
译文：首先，是舒适的住宿和温馨的娱乐让我感到宾至如归，其乐无穷。
分析：这句话使用了强调句。
34、答案：
The time fr retesting finally arrived. I had vercme my learning disability. Dr. Grady cnfirmed this. “I’m prud f yu, hney!” My mther smiled, hugging me tightly. Dr. Grady said that my dyslexia was at a minimum. My reading ability was as nrmal as ther teens. I was verjyed. But even thugh I had cnquered ne f the biggest challenges in my life, I still felt like smething was missing. I decided t d smething fr thers.
One day a little girl in a wheelchair asked me t read a bk t her. I read the bk very slwly s that she culd understand the stry and the wrds. When it was time fr me t leave, the girl thanked me fr reading t her. I walked ut f her rm with a huge smile n my face. Withut their help and encuragement, I wuld have hesitated in reading a bk t this little girl, but nw I was cnfident. I had vercme my disability and was helping thers t vercme theirs. I am determined t help thers face and cnquer the challenges that I have vercme.
解析：本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者四年级时被老师发现阅读理解能力和发音能力低于其他四年级学生，经过测试发现作者确实患有发展性阅读障碍，作者不知道该怎么办，但是作者的妈妈承诺将一直陪伴作者，作者开始定期接受医生和一些医疗志愿者的语言治疗，作者被医疗志愿者感动，想通过成为志愿者来帮助那些像作者一样的人。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“重新测试的时间终于到了。”可知，第一段可描写测试的结果和作者及作者的妈妈知道结果后的反应。
②由第二段首句内容“一天，一个坐在轮椅上的小女孩请我给她读一本书。”可知，第二段可描写作者给那个女孩读书，作者的感受以及作者决心要帮助他人。
2.续写线索：医生告知测试结果——妈妈的反应——作者的感受——给女孩读书——作者开心——决心帮助他人
3.词汇激活
行为类
①确认：cnfirm/ntarize
②拥抱：hug/embrace
③下定决心：be determined/make up ne’s mind
情绪类
①骄傲：be prud f/take pride in
②高兴：be verjyed/be exultant
[高分句型1] When it was time fr me t leave, the girl thanked me fr reading t her. (由when引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] I am determined t help thers face and cnquer the challenges that I have vercme. (由关系代词that引导限制性定语从句)