2023-2024学年江苏省镇江市五校高二上学期期中学情调研英语试卷含答案

这是一份2023-2024学年江苏省镇江市五校高二上学期期中学情调研英语试卷含答案，文件包含江苏省镇江市句容实验高中扬中二中等五校2023-2024学年高二上学期期中学情调研英语试卷原卷版docx、江苏省镇江市句容实验高中扬中二中等五校2023-2024学年高二上学期期中学情调研英语试卷解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共44页， 欢迎下载使用。

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will Hardy d tmrrw?
A. Give a speech. B. Write a reprt. C. Watch a prgram.
2. When is the plane arriving?
A. At 9:15. B. At 9:30. C. At 9:45.
3. What d we knw abut Lisa?
A. She feels hungry easily.
B. She is keen n light diets.
C. She never ate salty fd befre.
4. Where des the cnversatin take place?
A. In a htel. B. In a taxi. C. In a market.
5. What des Jhn mean?
A. He lst a bk. B. He slipped in his rm. C. He frgt t d the hused
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Why des the man talk t Jennifer?
A. T make an invitatin. B. T ask fr help. C. T talk abut his club.
7. What are the art students busy ding at the mment?
A. Drawing psters fr a big exhibitin.
B. Designing advertisements fr the schl.
C. Making preparatins fr a painting cmpetitin,
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Why des Ms. White make the call?
A. T recmmend sme bks. B. T change an rder. C. T cancel the reservatin.
9. When will Ms. White get the bks?
A. The next day. B. 4 days later. C. In 5 days.
10. Hw des the man sund?
A. Cnfused. B. Helpful. C. Humrus.
听第8段材料，回答第11至14题。
11. What seems t be Catherine’s prblem?
A. She is hmesick.
B. She lacks exercise.
C. She can’t adapt herself t wrk.
12. Hw d Catherine’s parents feel abut their life?
A. Pleased. B. Tugh. C. Bred.
13. What d the man’s parents like ding best?
A. Reading bks. B. Drawing pictures. C. Playing chess.
14. What are the speakers mainly talking abut?
A. American family life. B. The aging sciety. C. Their parents’ retired life.
听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。
15. What bthers the man?
A. Wrking vertime frequently.
B. Having difficulty falling asleep.
C. Being addicted t nline games.
16. What des the man usually d at night?
A. He wrks vertime.
B. He plays with his cellphne.
C. He surfs the Internet n the cmputer.
17. What is the relatinship between the speakers?
A. Clleagues. B. Teacher and student. C. Dctr and patient.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. When was the exhibitin called Celebrate held in China?
A. In 2022. B. In 2019. C. In 2013.
19. Why is Anuchka van Driel mentined in the talk?
A She is a famus artist.
B. She created the bird sculptures.
C. She made a cntributin t the exhibitin.
20. What is the purpse f the exhibitin?
A. T raise funds. B. T gain a reputatin. . C. T bring art t the wrld.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Many ppular mdem bard games were invented in the United States. But sme f ur favrite games came frm ther cuntries and have deep histric rts.
Parcheesi
Parcheesi came frm India, where it is knwn as pachisi. The Mgul King Akbar, wh ruled India in the 1500s, actually had a life-sized versin f pachisi in his garden. Parcheesi came t America arund 1870, and nw has many variatins f it — where each player has fur pawns (兵) and races t be the first ne t get them all safely t a hme base.
Checkers
Thugh simpler than Chess, Checkers ffers plenty f strategic cnsideratins fr its players. Develping frm a Middle Eastern game called alquerque, Checkers was intrduced t America in the 1930s and has a number f variatins that have been played since at least 3000 B.C.
Backgammn
Backgammn riginated in Mesptamia arund 3000 B.C. In the game, tw players tk turns rlling dice in a race t be the first ne t get their 15 pieces ff the bard. Intrduced t America in 1920, Backgammn became wildly ppular then and remains s tday, especially in its electrnic versin.
Mancala
Mancala means “t mve” in Arabic. Players take turns t mve pieces n its special bard until all the pieces have been captured. Ancient game bards dating frm the 6th and 7th centuries have been fund carved in stne in Ethipia. Mancala was brught int America in 1940 by immigrants frm Cape Verde in Africa. And yes — it is played nline!
1. Which f the fllwing was first intrduced t America?
A. Parcheesi.B. Checkers.C. Backgammn.D. Mancala.
2. What d Backgammn and Mancala have in cmmn?
A. Each game has fur players.B. They have digital versins.
C. Their bards were carved in stne.D. They date back t 3000 years ag.
3. In which clumn f a magazine can this text be fund?
A. Health.B. Ecnmy.C. Science.D. Entertain.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种游戏的历史以及传播。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Parcheesi came t America arund 1870, and nw has many variatins f it — where each player has fur pawns (兵) and races t be the first ne t get them all safely t a hme base. (1870年左右，美式象棋来到了美国，现在它有很多变体——每个玩家有四个小兵，谁先把他们安全送到本垒，谁就得比赛)”；第三段“Develping frm a Middle Eastern game called alquerque, Checkers was intrduced t America in the 1930s and has a number f variatins that have been played since at least 3000 B.C. (跳棋是从一种叫做alquerque的中东游戏发展而来的，20世纪30年代被引入美国，至少从公元前3000年开始就有了许多变体)”；第四段“Intrduced t America in 1920, Backgammn became wildly ppular then and remains s tday, especially in its electrnic versin. (西洋双陆棋于1920年被引入美国，在当时和今天都广受欢迎，尤其是电子版本)”以及最后一段“Mancala was brught int America in 1940 by immigrants frm Cape Verde in Africa. (1940年，Mancala被来自非洲佛得角的移民带到美国)”可知，Parcheesi最先被引入美国。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Intrduced t America in 1920, Backgammn became wildly ppular then and remains s tday, especially in its electrnic versin.(西洋双陆棋于1920年被引入美国，在当时和今天都广受欢迎，尤其是电子版本)”以及最后一段“And yes — it is played nline! ( 是的，它可以网上玩！)”可知，Backgammn和Mancala的共同之处是都有电子版。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Many ppular mdem bard games were invented in the United States. But sme f ur favrite games came frm ther cuntries and have deep histric rts. (许多流行的现代棋盘游戏都是在美国发明的。但我们最喜欢的一些游戏来自其他国家，有着深厚的历史渊源)”结合文章主要介绍了四种游戏的历史以及传播。可推知，文章选自“娱乐”版面。故选D。
B
Salvadr Dali (1904—1989) was ne f the mst ppular f mdern artists. The Pmpidu Centre in Paris is shwing its respect and admiratin fr the artist and his pwerful persnality with an exhibitin bringing tgether ver 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and mre. Amng the wrks and masterwrks n exhibitin the visitr will find the best pieces, mst imprtantly The Persistence f Memry. There is als L’Enigme sans Fin frm 1938, wrks n paper, bjects, and prjects fr stage and screen and selected parts frm televisin prgrammes reflecting the artist’s shwman qualities.
The visitr will enter the Wrld f Dali thrugh an egg and is met with the beginning, the wrld f birth. The exhibitin fllws a path f time and subject with the visitr exiting thrugh the brain.
The exhibitin shws hw Dali draws the viewer between tw infinities (无限). ＂Frm the infinity small t the infinity large, cntractin and expansin cming in and ut f fcus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the shwy Barque f ld painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras,＂ explains the Pmpidu Centre.
The fine selectin f the majr wrks was dne in clse cllabratin (合作) with the Muse Nacinal Reina Sfia in Madrid, Spain, and with cntributins frm ther institutins like the Salvadr Dali Museum in St. Petersburg.
4. Which f the fllwing best describe Dali accrding t Paragraph 1?
A. Optimistic.B. Prductive.
C. Generus.D. Traditinal.
5. What is Dali’s The Persistence f Memry cnsidered t be?
A. One f his masterwrks.B. A successful screen adaptatin.
C. An artistic creatin fr the stage.D. One f the beat TV prgrammes.
6. Hw are the exhibits arranged at the Wrld f Dali?
A. By ppularity.B. By imprtance.
C. By size and shape.D. By time and subject.
7. What des the wrd ＂cntributins＂ in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Artwrks.B. Prjects.
C. Dnatins.D. Dcuments.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【分析】萨尔瓦多·达利是最受欢迎的现代艺术家之一，巴黎的蓬皮杜艺术中心展示了他200多幅油画，雕塑和绘画等作品。展览是按时间和主题展示，展品融合了多种风格，显示了萨尔瓦多·达利非凡的艺术才能。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段The Pmpidu Centre in Paris is shwing its respect and admiratin fr the artist and his pwerful persnality with an exhibitin bringing tgether ver 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and mre.可知，巴黎蓬皮杜艺术中心的展览汇集了达利200多件油画、雕塑、绘画等作品，由此可以推断出他是一个多产的（prductive）艺术家。对于他的"乐观"、"慷慨"和"传统"，文中没有信息句支持。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段第三句Amng the wrks and masterwrks n exhibitin the visitr will find the best pieces, mst imprtantly The Persistence f Memry.可知，The Persistence f Memry是他的杰作之一。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句The exhibitin fllws a path f time and subject with the visitr exiting thrugh the brain.可知，达利的作品展览是按照时间和主题组织的，对于按照"流行度""重要性""尺寸和形状"等这样的形式，文中并无信息支持。故选D。
【7题详解】
猜测词义题。根据最后一段可知，最后一段强调了对主要作品进行了精选（the fine selectin f the majr wrks），又点明cntributins来自其他机构，所以可推断出 cntributins 应该属于 wrks 的范畴。cntributins指“贡献”，与C项同义，故选A。
【点睛】在做阅读理解题过程中，应首先略读一下短文，了解一下短文的大致意思，然后把几个选项含义理解透，尤其注意意思相近，表达有交叉的选项之间的区别。然后再细读短文，把答案填入合适位置。答题时可以把含义相近的几个选项轮流填入同一处位置，反复阅读，反复体会，找出最佳选项，对于实在没有把握的小题可以最后完成。完成短文后，再认真通读一遍全文，看看上下语意是否通顺，是否符合逻辑关系。要看完全文，关键对方反复阅读，才能选对答案。例如小题1，根据第一段The Pmpidu Centre in Paris is shwing its respect and admiratin fr the artist and his pwerful persnality with an exhibitin bringing tgether ver 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and mre.可知达利的作品是多产的，故选B。
C
Aernautics (航空学) specialists frm the University f Suth Australia spent mnths studying the dragnfly’s flight, creating 3D mdels frm digital images, t build a winged drne (无人机). Study leader Javaan Chahl believes that winged drnes based n the dragnfly’s shape and mvement will simply be mre flexible and energy efficient.
Chahl’s team used a special phtgraphy technique t classify the wing shapes f 75 different dragnfly species frm museum cllectins. Their wings are lng, light and hard. Plus, their lng bdies give them excellent stability and balance, making it pssible fr winged drnes t deliver awkward lads and undertake lng bservatin missins.
Investigating the way that dragnflies remain stable during flight actually reveals the techniques they use t get themselves ut f tricky situatins. Dragnflies are fund t be able t perfrm upside-dwn backflips t regain balance and nrmal flight, when they find themselves upside dwn mid-air. This special skill can even be perfrmed while dragnflies are uncnscius, meaning it is a passive stability mechanism similar in cncept t planes that are designed t glide t safety with their engines turned ff. Engineers are lking t cpy dragnfly wings t create safer drnes that can right themselves.
Of curse, nt all attempts t build dragnfly-like drnes are successful. TechJet’s air vehicle was suppsed t perate as an aerial camera, bservatin and security drne, but it failed befre prductin gt underway. Similarly, Insectthpter, an American dragnfly spy drne built in the 1970 s was deserted.
Yet the principles behind winged drnes are slid. In fact, NASA has settled n a nuclear-pwered autnmus craft called Dragnfly t explre the surface f Saturn’s mn Titan in 2034. NASA’s prject is actually an air vehicle, rather than a winged drne, but engineers are still cnvinced they can crack the cde f nature’s mst gifted flying insect and revlutinize unmanned flight alng the way.
8. Why did aernautics specialists spend mnths studying the dragnfly’s flight?
A. T build 3D mdels frm digital images.
B. T make winged drnes mdelled after it.
C. T clarify the flexibility and efficiency f drnes.
D. T display the shape and mvement f the dragnfly.
9. The special skill f dragnflies is their ability t_________.
A. glide t safetyB. avid tricky situatins
C. perfrm bservatin tasksD. adjust themselves t stay stable
10. What is the authr’s attitude twards winged drnes?
A. Skeptical.B. Uncertain.C. Supprtive.D. Cnservative.
11. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A Winged Drnes: Still a Lng Way t G
B. Javaan Chahl: An Innvative Leader f Aernautics
C. A Dragnfly’s Flying Technique: Perfect fr Drnes
D. The Cde f Nature: A Slutin t NASA’s Space Explratin
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. C 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。南澳大利亚大学的航空专家花了几个月的时间研究蜻蜓的飞行，从数字图像创建3D模型，以建造一架有翼无人机。文章介绍了蜻蜓特殊的飞行技能以及人们对类似蜻蜓的无人机的尝试。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Aernautics (航空学) specialists frm the University f Suth Australia spent mnths studying the dragnfly’s flight, creating 3D mdels frm digital images, t build a winged drne (无人机).( 南澳大利亚大学的航空专家花了几个月的时间研究蜻蜓的飞行，从数字图像创建3D模型，以建造一架有翼无人机)”可知，航空专家花了几个月的时间研究蜻蜓的飞行是为了仿照它制作有翼无人机。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Dragnflies are fund t be able t perfrm upside-dwn backflips t regain balance and nrmal flight, when they find themselves upside dwn mid-air. This special skill can even be perfrmed while dragnflies are uncnscius, meaning it is a passive stability mechanism similar in cncept t planes that are designed t glide t safety with their engines turned ff.(人们发现，当蜻蜓发现自己在半空中倒立时，它们能够进行倒立后空翻以恢复平衡和正常飞行。这种特殊技能甚至可以在蜻蜓无意识的情况下进行，这意味着它是一种被动稳定机制，在概念上类似于飞机在关闭引擎的情况下滑翔到安全地带)”可知，蜻蜓的特殊技能是它们调整自己以保持稳定的能力。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Yet the principles behind winged drnes are slid.(然而，有翼无人机背后的原理是可靠的)”以及“NASA’s prject is actually an air vehicle, rather than a winged drne, but engineers are still cnvinced they can crack the cde f nature’s mst gifted flying insect and revlutinize unmanned flight alng the way.(美国宇航局的项目实际上是一种飞行器，而不是有翼无人机，但工程师们仍然相信他们可以破解自然界最具天赋的飞行昆虫的密码，并在此过程中彻底改变无人飞行)”可推知，作者对有翼无人机的态度是支持的。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Aernautics (航空学) specialists frm the University f Suth Australia spent mnths studying the dragnfly’s flight, creating 3D mdels frm digital images, t build a winged drne (无人机). Study leader Javaan Chahl believes that winged drnes based n the dragnfly’s shape and mvement will simply be mre flexible and energy efficient. (南澳大利亚大学的航空专家花了几个月的时间研究蜻蜓的飞行，从数字图像创建3D模型，以建造一架有翼无人机。研究负责人Javaan Chahl认为，基于蜻蜓形状和运动的带翼无人机将更加灵活和节能)”结合文章介绍了蜻蜓特殊的飞行技能以及人们对类似蜻蜓的无人机的尝试。可知，C选项“蜻蜓的飞行技术：无人机的完美选择”最符合文章标题。故选C。
D
Cancer is caused by gene mutatins (突变) that accumulate in cells ver time, yet lng-lived animals that have lts f cells, such as elephants and whales, hardly ever get it. Why?
Fr elephants, at least, part f the answer may be the gene cmmnly knwn as p53, which als helps humans and many ther animals repair DNA damaged during replicatin (复制). Elephants have an amazing 20 cpies f this gene. Thse cpies, each with tw variatins prduce a ttal f 40 prteins, cmpared with humans’ (and mst animals’) single cpy prducing tw prteins.
In mammals, p53 plays a crucial rle in preventing mutated cells frm turning int tumrs (肿瘤). It wrks by pausing replicatin and then either initiating repair r causing cells t self-destruct if the damage is t extensive. Withut actin frm p53, cancer can easily take hld: in mre than half f all human cancers, the gene’s functin has been lst thrugh randm mutatins.
The scientists virtually mdeled and studied carefully elephants’ 40 p53 prteins, finding tw ways the gene culd help elephants avid cancer. First, the fact that elephants pssess multiple cpies lwers the chance f p53 n lnger wrking because f mutatins. Additinally, elephants’ p53 cpies activate in respnse t varying mutatins and s respnd t damaged cells differently, which likely gives an edge when detecting and getting rid f mutatins.
These “remarkable” results imply that elephants have a series f means thugh which p53 can perate, says Sue Haupt, a cell bilgist wh was nt invlved in the wrk. This pints t “exciting pssibilities fr explring pwerful new appraches t cancer prtectin in humans,” she adds.
Study c-authr Rbin Fahraeus and his clleagues are nw fllwing up n these results using bld samples frm an African elephant at the Vienna Z. They are explring hw its p53 prteins interact with damaged cells and plan t cmpare thse findings with results frm human cells.
12. What des the underlined wrd “initiating” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Delaying.B. Indicating.
C. Stpping.D. Starting.
13. Hw d p53 cpies free elephants frm cancer?
A. By preventing the replicatin thrughly.
B. By prviding precise respnse cntinuusly.
C. By lwering the chance f mutatins in advance.
D. By repairing the damaged cells in the same way.
14. What can we cnclude frm the last 2 paragraphs?
A. The results need further tests.
B. Mre bilgists will participate in the study.
C. The results thrw light n humans’ fighting cancer.
D. Researchers have new findings in African elephants.
15. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Why elephants dn’t get cancer.
B. What cntributes t elephants’ lng life.
C. Where the anticancer breakthrugh lies.
D. Hw the key cancer-fighting gene wrks.
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了为什么长寿的动物们不会患癌症的问题。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句及划线词所在句“In mammals, p53 plays a crucial rle in preventing mutated cells frm turning int tumrs (肿瘤). It wrks by pausing replicatin and then either initiating repair r causing cells t self-destruct if the damage is t extensive.(在哺乳动物中，p53在防止突变细胞变成肿瘤方面起着至关重要的作用。它的工作原理是暂停复制，然后要么initiating修复，要么在损伤过于广泛时导致细胞自我毁灭)”可知，对于损伤过于广泛的细胞，p53会让细胞自我毁灭，因而对于可以修复的细胞，p53则会开始修复它。由此可知，划线词此处为“开始”含义。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The scientists virtually mdeled and studied carefully elephants’ 40 p53 prteins, finding tw ways the gene culd help elephants avid cancer. First, the fact that elephants pssess multiple cpies lwers the chance f p53 n lnger wrking because f mutatins. Additinally, elephants’ p53 cpies activate in respnse t varying mutatins and s respnd t damaged cells differently, which likely gives an edge when detecting and getting rid f mutatins.(科学家们实际上建立了大象40种 p53蛋白的模型，并仔细研究了这些蛋白，发现了这种基因可以帮助大象避免癌症的两种方式。首先，大象拥有多个p53的副本的事实降低了 p53由于突变而不再起作用的可能性。此外，大象的 p53的副本对不同突变的反应也不同，因此对受损细胞的反应也不同，这可能在检测和消除突变方面有优势)”可知，p53对不同的突变的作用是不同的，即p53通过持续的针对不同的突变作出准确的回应，进而帮助大象避免癌症。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“These “remarkable” results imply that elephants have a series f means thugh which p53 can perate, says Sue Haupt, a cell bilgist wh was nt invlved in the wrk. This pints t “exciting pssibilities fr explring pwerful new appraches t cancer prtectin in humans,” she adds.(没有参与这项工作的细胞生物学家苏 · 豪普特(Sue Haupt)说，这些“非凡”的结果意味着，大象有一系列的方法可以让 p53起作用。她补充说，这表明“探索强有力的人类癌症防护新方法的令人兴奋的可能性”)”可知，这些非凡的结果意味着“探索强有力的人类癌症防护新方法的令人兴奋的可能性”。由此推知，这些结果的发现为人类对抗癌症提供了线索。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“Cancer is caused by gene mutatins (突变) that accumulate in cells ver time, yet lng-lived animals that have lts f cells, such as elephants and whales, hardly ever get it. Why?(癌症是由基因突变引起的，随着时间的推移，基因突变积累在细胞中，然而长寿的动物有很多细胞，如大象和鲸鱼，几乎从来不会有癌症。为什么？)”及第二段中“Fr elephants, at least, part f the answer may be the gene cmmnly knwn as p53, which als helps humans and many ther animals repair DNA damaged during replicatin (复制).(至少对大象来说，部分答案可能是通常被称为 p53的基因，它也帮助人类和许多其他动物修复复制过程中受损的 DNA)”可知，本文主要讲述了为什么长寿的动物们不会患癌症的问题。故选A。
第二节 (其5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When the British pet Alfred Lrd Tennysn described nature as “red in tth and claw”, he was telling us that the natural wrld can be cruel as well as beautiful.____16____.
Mst peple living in urban areas rarely encunter wild animals in their natural surrundings. ____17____ And they are willing t get clse t them. But fr wild animals, it is “eat r be eaten,” and they can’t distinguish between humans and ther animals.
____18____ In Canadian wds lives a dg-like animal, cyte, which is a little bigger than a fx, but smaller than a wlf. They usually avid humans, but the ccasinal attacks can be deadly. Every year, ne r tw peple end up getting killed by cytes.
Earlier this year, a herd f elepants in Yunnan left their hme in the Xishuangbanna Natinal Nature Reserve and went n a meandering jurney thrugh the prvince. They destryed crps and buildings alng the way. Villages in their path had t be evacuated because f the ptential dangers they psed t villagers. Animal experts haven’t determined why the elephants went n their jurney. ____19____ The wild animals we lve are in a cnstant struggle fr survival. Our expanding int the natural habitats f wild animals can be dangerus fr the animals and then us humans as well.
Maybe we shuld try t stay away frm them. ____20____ Their lives—red in tth and claw—are difficult enugh withut us causing them any mre prblems than they already have.
A. A walk in the wds can be dangerus.
B. It is a way t prtect the wild animals, and it’s als ur respnsibility.
C. In Canada, peple have a mre realistic attitude twards wild animals.
D. In simple terms, we shuld try t keep prper distance frm wild animals.
E. Hence they misunderstand that wild animals are just as friendly as Disney characters.
F. Thanks t active envirnmental cnservatin, the number f the elephants grew larger.
G. A reasnable pssibility is that they prbably needed mre rm and mre fd t survive.
【答案】16. D 17. E 18. A 19. G 20. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章开篇借由英国诗人Alfred Lrd Tennysn的话“残酷无情”，引出观点：我们应尽量与野生动物保持距离。接着以加拿大森林里的土狼和云南大象迁徙为例进行论证，告诫我们应当远离这些动物的生活，这是保护它们的一种方式，也是我们的责任。
【16题详解】
设空处位于段末，应具有总结前文的作用。上文“When the British pet Alfred Lrd Tennysn described nature as “red in tth and claw”, he was telling us that the natural wrld can be cruel as well as beautiful.(当英国诗人阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生将自然描述为“残酷无情”时，他是在告诉我们，自然界可残酷可美丽。)”提到了英国诗人的话，他认为自然界可残酷可美丽，但此处尚未表明作者自己的观点，由此可推知，设空处是作者在总结前文并表明自己的观点。D项“In simple terms, we shuld try t keep prper distance frm wild animals.(简单地说，我们应该尽量与野生动物保持适当的距离。)”恰好能总结前文内容，又表达了作者自己的观点，符合语境。故选D项。
【17题详解】
上文“Mst peple living in urban areas rarely encunter wild animals in their natural surrundings.(大多数生活在城市地区的人很少在自然环境中遇到野生动物。)”提到了大多数生活在城市的人很少遇到野生动物；下文“And they are willing t get clse t them. But fr wild animals, it is “eat r be eaten,” and they can’t distinguish between humans and ther animals.(他们愿意接近野生动物。但对于野生动物来说，这是“要么吃，要么被吃”，它们无法区分人类和其他动物。)”提到了，人们愿意接近这些野生动物，但野生动物只有“要么吃，要么被吃”的概念，无法区分人类和其他动物；由此可推知，人们接近这些野生动物，是因为没有正确的认知。E项“Hence they misunderstand that wild animals are just as friendly as Disney characters. (因此，他们误以为野生动物和迪士尼角色一样友好)”一方面与下文“And they are willing t get clse t them.(他们愿意接近野生动物)”构成因果关系，另一方面也与下文“野生动物的反应”对应。故选E项。
【18题详解】
设空处位于段首，应具有概述下文的作用。下文“In Canadian wds lives a dg-like animal, cyte, which is a little bigger than a fx, but smaller than a wlf. They usually avid humans, but the ccasinal attacks can be deadly. Every year, ne r tw peple end up getting killed by cytes.(在加拿大的森林里，生活着一种类似狗的动物，叫土狼。它比狐狸大一点，但比狼小。它们通常避开人类，但偶尔的攻击可能是致命的。每年有一两个人被土狼咬死。)”提到了加拿大森林里有一种土狼，有时会把人咬死。由此可推知，此处段首提及的内容与森林有关。A项“A walk in the wds can be dangerus.(在树林里散步可能很危险。)”提到了在森林里散步也可能很危险，恰好与下文提及的加拿大森林对应；而下文内容正是本句话的原因支撑。故选A项。
【19题详解】
上文“Animal experts haven’t determined why the elephants went n their jurney.(动物专家还没有确定大象为什么继续它们的旅程。)”提到了动物专家也还没确定这些大象迁徙的原因是什么；下文“The wild animals we lve are in a cnstant struggle fr survival.(我们所爱的野生动物一直在为生存而奋斗。)”提到了这些野生动物一直在为生存而奋斗；由此可推知，设空处可能是在谈这些大象迁徙的潜在原因。G项“A reasnable pssibility is that they prbably needed mre rm and mre fd t survive.(一个合理的可能性是，它们可能需要更多的空间和更多的食物来生存。)”提到了其中一个合理的可能性，就是它们需要更多的生存空间和食物，恰好与下文的“in a cnstant struggle fr survival”对应。故选G项。
【20题详解】
上文“Maybe we shuld try t stay away frm them.(也许我们应该尽量远离它们。)”提议应尽量远离野生动物；下文“Their lives—red in tth and claw—are difficult enugh withut us causing them any mre prblems than they already have.(它们的生活——残酷无情——已经够艰难的了，不用我们再给它们制造更多的麻烦。)”提到了“我们应该尽量远离野生动物”的原因。由此可推知设空处是在进一步解释为什么需要远离野生动物。B项“It is a way t prtect the wild animals, and it’s als ur respnsibility.(这是保护野生动物的一种方式，也是我们的责任。)”恰好与上下文对应。故选B项。
第三部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A few years ag, I saw a baby gat at the end f the driveway, and I figured he was____21____ by his wner. The kid was____22____nervus but std perfectly still as I apprached.
I’m an animal lver and I’ve brught____23____animals hme, cats, chickens, hrses but never a gat. The tiny kid was t adrable t ____24____. I named him Quincy.
Quincy prved t be quite____25____. When he was abut a week ld, I tapped my fingers n the bathrm flr and said “Lie dwn.” I was____26____when he drpped dwn, and even mre surprised when he did it three times in a rw. After a quick ____27____, Quincy mastered hw t lie dwn, bw, and turn in a circle ____28____ . Nw he knws the name f everything I feed him.
I lve t ____29____ animals and ften take my dgs t shws where they can perfrm their tricks. When he was just six weeks ld Quincy ____30____ the first shw. He knew nly a few tricks then, but he did them ____31____ and never misbehaved r gt nervus in frnt f the ____32____ . Nw Quincy and my dg perfrm regularly at schls, nursing hmes, and charity events. Quincy can ____33____ “read” his tricks ff cue (提示) cards, which always ____34____ the mst applause.
It’s hard t believe that the gat kid which nbdy wanted ____35____ ne f the smartest and mst gd-natured animals I’ve ever had. He’s by far the sharpest f my bunch!
21. A. sldB. releasedC. rescuedD. abandned
22. A. bviuslyB. merelyC. rarelyD. eventually
23. A. smallB. variusC. strangeD. lvely
24. A. adptB. resistC. keepD. dnate
25. A. intelligentB. sensitiveC. faithfulD. curius
26. A. cncernedB. cnfusedC. amazedD. satisfied
27. A. studyB. thughtC. checkD. recvery
28. A. as a resultB. by n meansC. in that caseD. in n time
29. A. feedB. trainC. cmfrtD. raise
30. A. appreciatedB. watchedC. gaveD. planned
31. A. determinedlyB. clumsilyC. unmistakablyD. nervusly
32. A. staffB. wnerC. trainerD. crwd
33. A. evenB. stillC. justD. yet
34. A. requiresB. earnsC. expectsD. gives
35. A. led tB. served asC. turned utD. tk ver
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者捡到了一只被抛弃的小山羊，取名Quincy，经过训练Quincy会进行表演，成了作者养过的最聪明、最善良的动物之一。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几年前，我在车道尽头看到一只小山羊，我以为它被主人抛弃了。A. sld出售；B. released释放；C. rescued救援；D. abandned抛弃。根据后文“by his wner”以及下文作者把山羊带回家，可知是被主人抛弃了。最后一段“the gat kid which nbdy wanted”也是提示。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个山羊小孩显然很紧张，但当我走近时，它一动不动地站着。A. bviusly显然；B. merely仅仅；C. rarely很少；D. eventually最终。根据后文“nervus but std perfectly still”可知，but表示转折，说明山羊很紧张，故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我是一个动物爱好者，我带了各种各样的动物回家，猫、鸡、马，但从来没有山羊。A. small小的；B. varius各种各样的；C. strange奇怪的；D. lvely可爱的。根据后文“cats, chickens, hrses”指作者带了各种各样的动物回家，猫、鸡、马，故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个小幼崽很可爱，让人无法抗拒。A. adpt采取；B. resist抵制；C. keep保持；D. dnate捐赠。根据后文“The tiny kid was t adrable t”指山羊幼崽很可爱，让人无法抗拒。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实证明Quincy很聪明。A. intelligent聪明的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. faithful忠实的；D. curius好奇的。根据后文“even mre surprised when he did it three times in a rw”可知山羊可以听懂指令，很聪明。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他躺下来的时候我很惊讶，更让我惊讶的是他连续三次这样做。A. cncerned担心的；B. cnfused困惑的；C. amazed惊讶的；D. satisfied满意的。呼应后文“even mre surprised”指作者对山羊听懂指令感到惊讶。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过快速学习，Quincy很快就掌握了如何躺下、鞠躬和转圈。A. study学习；B. thught认为；C. check检查；D. recvery恢复。根据后文“Quincy mastered hw t lie dwn, bw”指经过快速学习，Quincy很快就掌握了如何躺下、鞠躬和转圈。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：经过快速学习，Quincy很快就掌握了如何躺下、鞠躬和转圈。A. as a result结果；B. by n means决不；C. in that case既然那样；D. in n time很快，立即。根据后文“Nw he knws the name f everything I feed him.(现在我喂他的东西他都知道名字了)”可知，Quincy学习很快，很快就掌握了如何躺下、鞠躬和转圈。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢训练动物，经常带我的狗去看表演，在那里它们可以表演它们的把戏。A. feed喂养；B. train训练；C. cmfrt安慰；D. raise筹集。根据后文“they can perfrm their tricks”可知，作者喜欢训练动物，故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Quincy只有六周大的时候，他做了第一次表演。A. appreciated感激；B. watched观看；C. gave给予；D. planned计划。呼应上文“they can perfrm their tricks”指山羊进行第一次表演。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：那时候他只会几招，但他表演得清清楚楚，在众人面前从不失态，也从不紧张。A. determinedly决然地；B. clumsily笨拙地；C. unmistakably明白地；D. nervusly紧张地。根据后文“and never misbehaved r gt nervus”可知，Quincy没有犯错，表演得清清楚楚。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时候他只会几招，但他表演得清清楚楚，在众人面前从不失态，也从不紧张。A. staff员工；B. wner物主；C. trainer教练；D. crwd人群。结合后文“Nw Quincy and my dg perfrm regularly at schls, nursing hmes, and charity events.(现在Quincy和我的狗经常在学校、养老院和慈善活动上表演)”可知，是指在人群面前表演，从不紧张失态。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Quincy甚至可以从提示卡上“读出”他的把戏，这总是赢得最多的掌声。A. even甚至；B. still仍然；C. just只是；D. yet但是。此处指程度的加深，Quincy不仅会做表演，甚至可以从提示卡上“读出”他的把戏，故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Quincy甚至可以从提示卡上“读出”他的把戏，这总是赢得最多的掌声。A. requires需要；B. earns赚得；C. expects期待；D. gives给予。根据后文“the mst applause”指Quincy的表演赢得了掌声。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：很难相信那只没人要的小山羊变成了我养过的最聪明、最善良的动物之一。A. led t导致；B. served as担任；C. turned ut结果是；D. tk ver接管。根据后文“ne f the smartest and mst gd-natured animals I’ve ever had”可知，Quincy从没人要的小山羊，结果变成了作者养过的最聪明、最善良的动物之一。故选C。
第二节语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Despite ccupying a relatively small area, rainfrests have an imprtant rle t play in maintaining the wrld and they are hme t a rich ____36____ (varius) f medicinal plants, birds and animals.
As the lungs f the planet, rainfrests have their wn perfect system, ____37____ ensures their wn survival. The tall trees make a canpy (顶篷) f branches and leaves that prtect themselves, smaller plants and the frest animals frm heavy rain, intense dry heat ____38____ (release) frm the sun and strng winds. ____39____ (amazing), the trees grw in such a way that their leaves and branches, althugh clse tgether, never actually tuch ____40____ f anther tree. Scientists think this is a deliberate way ____41____(prevent) the spread f any tree discases. The grund flr f the frest is nt all twisted leaves and bushes, ____42____ a fairly clear land. It is where leaves transfrm ____43____ fd fr the trees and ther frest life.
Wrryingly, rainfrests arund the wrld are disappearing at ____44____ alarming rate. A few thusand years ag, rainfrests _____45_____ (cver) as much as 12 per cent f the land surface n Earth, but tday this has fallen t less than 7 per cent.
【答案】36. variety
37. which 38. released
39. Amazingly
40. thse 41. t prevent
42. but 43. int
44. an 45. cvered
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是雨林在维护全球环境方面的作用以及目前的处境。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：尽管占地面积相对较小，但雨林在维护世界环境方面发挥着重要作用，它们是各种药用植物、鸟类和动物的家园。分析句子可知。形容词后应为名词，varius的名词是variety，且空前有不定冠词a，所以使用名词单数，a variety f意为“各种各样的”符合句意。故填variety。
【37题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：作为地球的肺，雨林有自己完善的系统，确保了它们的生存。分析句子可知，此处应为连词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以使用关系代词，先行词为their wn perfect system指的是物。故填which。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：高大的树木由树枝和树叶组成的树冠可以保护它们自己、较小的植物和森林动物免受大雨、太阳释放的强烈干热和强风的伤害。分析句子可知，此处应为非谓语动词作定语，release与所修饰词heat之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式。故填released。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意：令人惊讶的是，这些树的叶子和树枝虽然靠得很近，但却从来没有碰到过另一棵树的叶子和树枝。分析句子可知，此处应为副词作状语修饰句子，amazing的副词为amazingly，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Amazingly。
【40题详解】
考查代词。句意：令人惊讶的是，这些树的叶子和树枝虽然靠得很近，但却从来没有碰到过另一棵树的叶子和树枝。分析句子可知，此处应为代词作宾语，结合句意，此处指代的是名词复数leaves and branches，且特指“其它树木叶子和树枝”，所以使用指示代词thse。故填thse。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们认为这是一种有意，以防止任何树木疾病传播的方式。分析句子可知，此处应为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词way，通常情况下，不定式修饰way，结合句意，此处表示主动意义。故填t prevent。
【42题详解】
考查连词。句意：森林的底层并非全是扭曲的树叶和灌木，而是一片相当清澈的土地。分析句子可知，此处应为连词连接两个句子，结合句意可知，空前与空后的句意之间为转折关系，所以此处应使用并列连词but。故填but。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：在这里，树叶转化为树木和其他森林生物的食物。分析句子可知，此处应为固定短语transfrm int意为“转换为”符合句意。故填int。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：令人担忧的是，世界各地的热带雨林正在以惊人的速度消失。分析句子可知，此处应为固定用法，at a …rate意为“以……的速度”符合句意，且空前alarming第一个音节为元音。故填an。
【45题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：几千年前，热带雨林覆盖了地球陆地面积的12%，但今天这一比例已降至不到7%。分析句子可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据时间状语“A few thusand years ag”可知，此处应使用一般过去时态，且与句子主语之间为主动关系。故填cvered。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文(满分15分)
46. 假如你是李华，你校学生会要评选年度风云人物，现在请你根据以下要点向你校学生会主席(Mark)写一封推荐信。
1. 被推荐人姓名：你班学生李明。
2. 推荐理由：a. 学习刻苦成绩优良；b. 尊敬老师，乐于助人；c. 上周在上学途中他将一位突发重病的老人送往医院。
3. 参考词汇：年度风云人物the persn f the year。
注意：
1. 字数：80词左右;
2. 可适当增加细节以使行文连贯;
3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mark,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mark,
Learning the Students’ Unin will chse the persn f the year, I can’t wait t recmmend Li Ming, a student in ur class, t yu. The reasns are as fllws.
T begin with, he studies hard and always gets gd results, ranking first in ur class. Besides, he shws respect fr teachers and it is s easy t get alng with him that all the students find it pleasant t wrk with him. Mst imprtantly, he is always ready t help thse in need. Last week, he sent an ld man wh fell n the rad with a sudden illness t hspital n his way t schl.
In shrt, Li Ming deserves the title and I d hpe he will be named “the Persn f the Year”.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生向校学生会主席Mark写一封推荐信，推荐你班同学李明参加学校学生会举办的年度风云人物的评选，并说明推荐的理由。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
选择：chse→select
推荐：recmmend→suggest
此外：besides→what's mre
突然的：sudden→abrupt
总之、简言之：in shrt→in brief
2. 句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Learning the Students’ Unin will chse the persn f the year, I can’t wait t recmmend Li Ming, a student in ur class, t yu.
拓展句：When I learn the Students’ Unin will chse the persn f the year, I can’t wait t recmmend Li Ming, a student in ur class, t yu.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Besides, he shws respect fr teachers and it is s easy t get alng with him that all the students find it pleasant t wrk with him.（运用了以连词and引导的并列句和引导的结果状语从句以及it为形式主语和形式宾语，动词不定式为真正的主语和宾语的句式。）
【高分句型2】 Last week, he sent an ld man wh fell n the rad with a sudden illness t hspital n his way t schl.（运用了以关系代词wh引导的定语从句。）
第二节 读后续写(共1小题，满分25分)
47. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
That day, I was ging t skate a clean freestyle prgram fr the first time in a year. I determined t land the axel (前外一周半跳) in cmpetitin.
“I can make it!” I thught as I skated t the center ice. When my music sunded, I started my prgram with a circular step and a bright smile, fllwed by a beautiful cmbinatin spin. Flying camel, sit spin, layback spin. Perfectin. The jump! The axel!
I culd d it when I practiced ff-ice, but I’d nly landed it n-ice apprximately furteen times in my entire life. S I was a little nervus. I’d leave it ut if I culd, but my Olympic dreams depended n it. My cach, Geena, put it early in my prgram s I culd d it while my legs were nt tired. Taking a deep breath, “I can succeed!” I thught.
I was n the right back utside edge f my skate blade (冰刀), ready t turn frward and launch int the axel. My nerves were back, wrking against me. “I can d this!” I thught. I stepped int takeff and I did… a waltz jump (半周跳). It is a jump I’d been ding since I was pretty yung. It is nly ne-half a rtatin (旋转) instead f the ne and ne-half that I need fr the axel.
I glimpsed Cach Geena’s questining eyebrw as I glided past the dr and imagined the disappinted lks n my parents’ faces. “It’s nt ver,” I reasned t myself, glancing int the bleachers (露天座位). “I’d just replace the next jump with the axel.”
Hwever, it didn’t wrk ut the way I’d hped. I fell, and I kept falling. Never ne t give up, I replaced every jump in my prgram with the axel, but I didn’t land ne. I spent s much time n the ice that it’s like I was making sure the ice was clean fr the next skater. The tw minutes, fifteen secnds f my prgram felt like an age. By the time I was dne, my dress was saked thrugh and I was seven secnds behind my music, s I finished skating t silence.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
As I skated tward the exit, I felt everyne was lking at me with pity.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The perfrmance ging n, I rse up frm the bleachers, determined t g hme but my parents held me up.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One pssible versin:
As I skated tward the exit, I felt everyne was lking at me with pity. Hw I wished the flr wuld pen up and swallw me! Offstage, Cach Geena handed me a twel and I thanked her with a heavy heart. Then I climbed upstairs and seated myself between my parents. Dad placed a cmfrting hand n my shulder and Mm gave me a tight squeeze. “Darling, it’s OK.” I ndded, my eyes watering. As I turned my gaze t the ice center, I happened t catch sight f a perfect axel the next skater landed. There came clapping and cheering. My heart grew heavier.
The perfrmance ging n, I rse up frm the bleachers, determined t g hme but my parents held me up. “It’s pr sprtsmanship t leave befre the results are psted.” Hesitating fr a mment, I sat back. Time dragging, I was absent-minded. Hwever, when I saw a skater fall dwn and then gracefully stand up, I watched the perfrmance with full attentin. When the cmpetitin ended, I gave my parents a big hug and determined t pursue my Olympic dream n matter hw many difficulties I wuld face.
Anther pssible versin:
As I skated tward the exit I felt everyne was lking at me with pity. When the next skater glided past me t take her place center ice, I culdn’t help thinking I was a terrible skater. After making an eye cntact with Cach Geena, I made my way t my parents and sat between them. My weak smile resulted in their hugs f encuragement. Nt having the md t watch the perfrmance, I sank in thught sn. “What am I ding here? My skating career will end.” The mre I thught abut it, the sadder I felt. “Maybe I shuld give up.”
The perfrmance ging n, I rse up frm the bleachers, determined t g hme but my parents held me up. I lked dwn t see cncern and wrry in their eyes. Wrds failed me. Unwilling t make them wrry, I sank back int the seat and cntinued watching the perfrmance. Suddenly, the skater n the ice fell. As she struggled t her feet and went n with her perfrmance, I saw an excellent perfrmer. She failed utside, but nt inside. I suddenly realized giving up wuld leave me in ttal failure. Ashamed f my stupid decisin, I decided t fight against discuragements t realise my skating dream.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者准备一年来第一次滑干净的自由泳项目，结果在冰上滑倒了，进行得并不顺利。作者非常伤心，但作者下定决心，无论遇到多少困难，都要追求自己的奥运梦想。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“当我滑向出口时，我觉得每个人都在用怜悯的目光看着我”可知，第一段可描写作者下台后的心理感受。
②由第二段首句内容“比赛还在继续，我从看台上站起来，决心回家，但我父母把我拉了起来”可知，第二段可描写作者比赛后的感悟。
2.续写线索：下台——心情沉重——父母安慰——继续观看比赛——下定决心
3.词汇激活
行为类
看见：catch sight f /spt
放置：place/put
追求：pursue /g after
情绪类
感谢：gracefully/thankfully/with gratitude
心不在焉：absent-minded / abstracted
【点睛】[高分句型1] Hw I wished the flr wuld pen up and swallw me! (运用了感叹句)
[高分句型2] When the cmpetitin ended, I gave my parents a big hug and determined t pursue my Olympic dream n matter hw many difficulties I wuld face. (运用了when引导时间状语从句和n matter+特殊疑问词引导的让步状语从句)