专题28+法律常识、法律意识及社会进步-高考英语一轮复习主题词汇&阅读一遍过

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这是一份专题28+法律常识、法律意识及社会进步-高考英语一轮复习主题词汇&阅读一遍过，共8页。试卷主要包含了ppnent n，ptinal adj，accident n， rganic adj，utcme n，case n，utput n，verall adj等内容，欢迎下载使用。
单词&短语
1.ppnent n.________________
2.ptinal adj.________________
3.accident n.________________
4. rganic adj.________________
5.utcme n.________________
6.case n.________________
7.utput n.________________
8.verall adj.________________
9.verlk vt.________________
10.verseas adv._________________
11.package n.________________
12.parade n.________________
13.parallel adj.________________
14. pattern n.________________
15.pause n.&v.________________
16.peak n.________________
17.pedestrian n.________________
18.permanent adj.________________
19.persnnel n.________________
20.pessimistic adj.________________
21.law n.________________
22.________________adj.普通的；平常的；一般的；平凡的
23._________________n.组织；固体；机构
24._________________adj.原料的；最早的；最初的；原创的
25.________________adv.否则；以另外的方式
26.________________adv.在/往户外；在野外
27.________________adj.外向的；爱交际的，友好的
28._________________adj.杰出的；突出的；优秀的
29.________________vt.战胜；克服；解决
30.________________n.乘客；旅客
31._________________n.激情；热爱；强烈情感
32.________________adj.消极的；被动的
33.________________n.病人adj.有耐心的；能忍耐的
34.________________n.表演；演出；表现
35.________________n.个性；人格；性格
36.________________n.现象
37.________________n.物理学
38.________________n.钢琴家
39.__________--____________--_____________--___________v.(原形、过去式、过去分词、现在分词)(使)恐慌
40.__________--____________--_____________v.(原形、过去式、过去分词)许可；准许
41.____________________________为某人做手术
42.____________________________征询某人的意见
43.____________________________抓住机会做某事
44.____________________________ppse ding sth./be ppsed t ding sth.
45.____________________________向反方向
46.____________________________对生活积极乐观
47.place an rder fr a cat_____________________________
48.ther than_____________________________
49.we sb.an aplgy/we an aplgy t sb.____________________________
50.keep pace
51.take pains t d sth.____________________________
52.在……中起重要作用____________________________
53.对某事讲究/挑剔____________________________
54.尤其；特别____________________________
55..拜访某人____________________________
56.还清欠债；得到回报____________________________
57.未经许可____________________________
58.亲自；亲身____________________________
59.说服某人做某事____________________________
60.给某人拍照____________________________
词汇拓展
1.ptin n.可选择的事物；选择；选择权；选择的自由；选修课；(未来的)买卖选择权
This particular mdel cmes with a wide range f_____________
这种型号的货品有很多选择。
Several____________are ffered fr the students' senir year.
为毕业班学生开设了几门选修课。
I am keeping my____________pen. I have nt made a decisin n either matter.
我保留选择权，这两件事我都还没有作出决定。
【辨异】 ptin,chice,alternative,selectin的区别
chice指普通意义上的选择。可指以任何方式进行的选择，着重自由选择，也可指被选中的人或物。
ptin指的是某个特定情境下众多选择中的一个。着重特别给予的选择权利或权力，所选物常相互排斥。
alternative通常指的是可用于替代现有事物的另一个选择。
selectin通常指的是经过精心挑选出来的，比较出色的人或事物。
We left the selectin f the team t the captain.我们把挑选队员的工作交给了队长。
At lunchtime,there's a chice between the buffet and the set menu.
午餐可以选自助餐，也可以选套餐。
It is really very hard fr me t make my ptin between these alternatives.
让我在这两个选择中作出选择真的非常难。
After graduatin, she has the alternative f either being emplyed in a cmpany r f taking n a career f her wn.
毕业后她可以选择受雇于一家公司或者自己创业。
2.pay ff偿清，还清(债务);还清欠……的钱；用钱打发；成功；赢利
T____________the debts, I wrked hard fr ten years.
为了还清债务，我辛苦工作了十年。
I believe that hard wrk and determinatin are bund t_____________
我相信勤奋和决心一定会得到回报。
He was determined t becme a dctr and his persistence____________
他决心成为医生，他的坚持取得了成功。
【联想】 pay a visit t参观……
pay back偿还；报复
pay fr支付
pay attentin t注意……
活学活用
一、阅读下列句子，在空自处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.I____________(panic) when I saw smke cming ut f the engine.
2.I think we're ging t have t place an rder ____________new-mdel chips ahead f schedule.
3.While hmeschling ffers ____________alternative t the schl envirnment,it has becme a cntrversial issue.
4.N reference bks are t be taken ut f the reading rm withut____________(permit).
5.At first she tried t persuade thers t d the film, but finally she was persuaded by her friends____________(d)it herself.
二、翻译句子
1.如果时间允许的话，你们可以参观一下杭州的一些名胜古迹。(pay a visit)
____________________________________________________________________________
2.在赢得一场比赛中，心理因素常常起着重要作用。(play a part)
____________________________________________________________________________
3.如果是这样的话，除了向你说声对不起，我已经不知道该做些什么了。(ther than)
____________________________________________________________________________
4.不要太讲究吃穿，多注重学习和工作。(particular)
____________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
单词&短语
1.对手；反对者 2.可选择的 3.事故，意外的事 4.器官的；有机的 5.结果；成果 6.案例 7.产量；输出(量)
8.全部的；全面的 9.俯瞰；忽略 10.在国外；向海外11.包裹；包 12.游行；阅兵式 13.平行的 14.模式；图
案 15.中断；暂停 16.山峰；高峰 17.行人；步行者18.永久的；长久的 19.全体人员 20.悲观的 21.法律
22.rdinary 23.rganizatin/rganisatin 26.utdrs 27.utging 28.utstanding
29.vercme 30.passenger 31. passin 34. perfrmance 35. persnality 36. phenmenn 37.physics
38. pianist 39. panic—panicked—panicked—panicking 40.permit—permitted—permitted41.perate n sb./perfrm an peratin n sb. 42.ask fr/seek sb.'s pinin 43.grasp/seize/take the pprtunity t d sth. 44.反对做某事 45.in the ppsite directin 46.be ptimistic abut life 47.订购一件大衣48.除……以外 49.应向某人道歉 50.与……步调一致
51.努力做某事 52.play an imprtant part in... 53.be particular abut/ver sth. 54. in particular 55. pay a visit t sb./pay sb. a visit 56.pay ff 57.withut per-missin 58.in persn 59. persuade sb. t d sth./persuade sb. int ding sth. 60, take a pht/picture f sb.
词汇拓展
1.ptins;ptins;ptins
2.pay ff;pay ff;paid ff
活学活用
一、1.panicked 2.fr 3.an 4.permissin/being permitted 5.t d
二、1.Time permitting,yu can pay a visit t sme places f interest in Hangzhu.
2.Psychlgical factrs ften play an imprtant part in winning a cmpetitin.
3.If it is the case,I cannt d anything ther than say srry t yu!
4.Dn't be t particular abut what yu eat and wear;pay mre attentin t yur study and wrk.
第二部分话题阅读训练
（A）阅读理解
Over 2.5 quintillin bytes f data are created each day. Many f them cnsist f infrmatin that wuld allw peple t be persnally identified.
At the same time that we share ur persnal infrmatin，there is a grwing cncern with hw that infrmatin is being gathered, stred, used and shared. While many ecnmies like Canada and the EU have privacy laws dating back t the mid1990s, changes t data practices in the past five years have mtivated gvernments t review r update existing laws.
Changes t privacy laws are being fuelled by grwing public cncerns with the idea f unrestricted data accumulatin and use.Fr instance, earlier this year, the Wrld Ecnmic Frum fund that 1/3 f glbal citizens have n idea abut hw their persnal infrmatin is used and that trust is lacking.
Privacy laws are changing t deal with the real and nticed risks f harm which result frm the underregulated r unregulated data ecnmy. The EU has intrduced big refrm t laws which are aimed at prtecting privacy. The EU's General Data Prtectin Regulatin(GDPR) intrduced strict requirements fr thse that cntrl r prcess the persnal data f the peple wh live in the EU. The GDPR's stated gals fcus n the prtectin and basic rights f persnal infrmatin.Certain US states are als entering the grup in the fight fr cntrl ver persnal data.They have passed r are actively cnsidering privacy laws.Califrnia is ut frnt.The Califrnia Cnsumer Privacy Act (CCPA) prvides greater cntrl t individuals ver their persnal infrmatin. There is a sense that privacy laws are n the hrizn in the US.
These are tw examples that are actively pursuing mre prgressive privacy laws.One imprtant cnsideratin is t harmnize glbal standards fr best law practices. This will ease cmpliance (遵从) acrss the brder and prvide a valuable signal t the public that gvernments are keeping pace with rapid change.
1．What's the cause f the change f privacy laws?
A．A grwing need fr infrmatin.
B．Public cncerns ver data security.
C．General awareness f data cntrl.
D．Cllectin f persnal infrmatin.
2．Hw des Paragraph 4 develp?
A．By giving examples.
B．By listing statistics.
C．By analyzing reasns.
D．By making cmparisns.
3．What is an imprtant cnsideratin fr glbal law makers?
A．The practice f laws in different fields.
B．The reflectin f reality in different eras.
C．The cnsistency f laws in different regins.
D．The adaptatin t changes in different scieties.
4．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．EU passes new laws fr privacy prtectin.
B．Gvernments ignre the vilatin f persnal privacy.
C．Privacy laws are changing t prtect persnal infrmatin.
D．Peple lack the awareness f persnal infrmatin prtectin.
【语篇解读】本文主要讲了公众对不受限制地积累和使用个人数据日益感到担忧，这推动了隐私法的变化，欧盟和美国的一些州为此颁布了法律条例。
1.B [细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“Changes t privacy laws are being fuelled by grwing public cncerns with the idea f unrestricted data accumulatin and use.”可知，隐私法变化的原因是公众对个人数据安全的担忧，故B项正确。]
2.A [写作手法题。根据第四段的第一句可知，隐私法正在改变以解决实际的和被注意到的损害风险，该段接着又分别举了欧盟和美国加利福尼亚州颁布法律条例来增强隐私保护的例子来说明第一句表述的内容，故A项正确。]
3.C [细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“One imprtant cnsideratin is t harmnize glbal standards fr best law practices.”可知，一个重要的考虑因素是为了最佳的法律实践而统一全球标准，即不同地区法律的一致性。故C项正确。]
4.C [主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了公众对不受限制地积累和使用数据的担忧推动了隐私法的改变，又分别举了欧盟和美国加利福尼亚州颁布法律条例来增强隐私保护的例子，故C项正确。]
（B）语法填空
Eating and drinking n the subway has lng been a cntrversial issue in China. While many have felt a sharp annyance 1.________ the sight and scent f fd in subway cars, quite a few als supprt the right t chew 2.________(nisy) n snacks during the trip t wrk r schl.
The debate recently arrived at 3.________(it) final destinatin when Ministry f Transprt f the Peple's Republic f China intrduced a new regulatin last week that bans passengers natinwide, with the exceptin f 4.________(baby) and peple with certain medical cnditins, frm eating r drinking in subway cars.
The plicy 5.________(schedule) t take effect n April 1 alng with sme new cnduct rules that will frbid subway riders frm playing music r vides n speakers, r 6.________(lie) dwn n seats.
Zhang Han, 7.________ 18yearld girl, recalled that a female passenger was seen recently n a subway in Nanjing 8.________(fine) fr eating sugarcated haws, a traditinal street fd.
“At first, I felt srry fr the girl，” she said. “Mst peple were simply 9.________(aware) f such a fd ban befre.”
Nw that a natinal ban is in the pipeline, she said she supprted the idea. “The subway car is a public space.N fd shuld be allwed，10.________ r nt it gives ff a strng smell.”
【语篇解读】本文介绍了一项针对地铁车厢里乘客吃喝问题的规定－－在全国各地将禁止除了婴儿和患病人群之外的乘客在车厢里吃喝玩乐，并讲述了一个18岁的女孩对此规定的看法。
1．at [考查介词。此处表示对看到地铁车厢里有人吃东西表示厌烦，故用介词at。at the sight f表示“看到”，是固定用法。]
2．nisily [考查副词。此处应用副词nisily修饰动词chew。]
3．its [考查代词。此处指关于这个问题的争论最近有了最终结果。此处应用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词destinatin。]
4．babies [考查名词的单复数。此处指在全国各地将禁止除了婴儿和患病人群之外的乘客在车厢里吃喝，根据语境可知，此处指的婴儿不止一个，故应用名词的复数形式。]
5．is scheduled [考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处指这项规定预计在4月1号生效，为对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时；又主语The plicy与schedule之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语为单数，故填is scheduled。]
6．lying [考查非谓语动词。此处和该句中的playing并列，作介词frm的宾语，应用动名词形式lying，指禁止乘客躺在座位上。]
7．an [考查冠词。此处泛指一个18岁的女孩，且18yearld的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。]
8．fined [考查固定用法。此处表示一位女乘客被看见罚款了，考查固定用法see sb. dne的被动形式sb.be seen dne，故填fined。]
9．unaware [考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示大多数人之前确实不知道这个食物禁令，故填unaware“不知道”。]
10．whether [考查状语从句。句意：不应允许在地铁车厢里面吃东西，无论它是否散发出强烈的气味。故填whether。]