四川省成都市石室中学2023-2024学年高二上学期备考期末英语模拟试卷2（Word版附解析）

这是一份四川省成都市石室中学2023-2024学年高二上学期备考期末英语模拟试卷2（Word版附解析），共21页。

注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读
［共两节，满分50分］
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Urban gardens are valuable prperty t cmmunities. They prvide green spaces t grw sustainable fd, build cmmunity chesin (凝聚力) make new friends, cnnect with the earth, and much n re. S, let’s check ut ur list f fur inspiring urban gardens in the US.
Gt ham Greens
Where: New Yrk & Chicag
What: Gt ham Greens first started in Brklyn and nw has fur lcatins in New Yrk City and Chicag. Their flagship farm in Brklyn prduced ver 100,000 punds f greens per year. But it desn’t just prduce healthy lcal vegetables. It is using high-teach green huses with slar panels t make sure the fd grwn is healthy and sustainable.
Baltimre Urban Gardening with Students
Where: Baltimre, Mary land
What: The Baltimre Urban Gardening with Students (BUGS) prgram encuraged students t get their hands dirty and plant vegetables thrugh their after-schl and summer prgrams. Many f these kids dn’t have access t green spaces, and have never had the pprtunity t grw fd.
ReVisin Urban Farm
Where: Bstn, Massachusetts
What: ReVisin Urban Farm in Bstn wrks in partnership with the ReVisin Family Hme——a shelter fr 22 hmeless parents and their kids. The farm prvided these families with infrmatin n healthy eating, and access t the farm’s fresh vegetables. The rganizatin als prvided jb training t help families escape the cycle f pverty.
Swale
Where: New Yrk
What: scale, a flating fd frest lcated n a large bat, is an innvative prject meant t inspire citizens t rethink the relatinship between ur cities and ur fd. This urban garden serves as bth a living art exhibit and an educatinal farm, Fd frests are sustainable gardens that include vegetables, fruit, nut trees, bushes, herbs, and vine——each ne cmplementing the ther in a symbitic (共生的) relatinship.
1. What is special abut Gt ham Greens?
A. It prvides jb training fr students.
B. It ffers hmeless families frmatin n healthy eating
C. It creates a sustainable garden n a large bat.
D. It uses high-tech green huses t grw healthy fd.
2. Which urban garden ffers first-hand farming experience?
A. Gt ham Greens.B. Revisin Urban Farm.
C. Baltimre Urban Gardening with StudentsD. Scale.
3. What d these fur urban gardens have in cmmn?
A. They are inspiratinal multinatinal prject.B. They have educatinal and entertaining purpse.
C. They create jb pprtunities fr farmers.D. They are imprtant fr citizens.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了美国四个令人鼓舞的城市花园。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Gt ham Greens标题下的“It is using high-teach green huses with slar panels t make sure the fd grwn is healthy and sustainable.”（该公司正在使用带有太阳能电池板的高科技温室，以确保种植的食物是健康和可持续的。）可知，Gt ham Greens的特别之处是使用高科技温室种植健康的食物。故选D项
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Baltimre Urban Gardening with Students标题下的“The Baltimre Urban Gardening with Students (BUGS) prgram encuraged students t get their hands dirty and plant vegetables thrugh their after-schl and summer prgrams. Many f these kids dn’t have access t green spaces, and have never had the pprtunity t grw fd.”（BUGS项目鼓励学生们通过课后和暑期项目亲手种植蔬菜。这些孩子中的许多人没有接触过绿色空间，也没有机会种植食物。）可知，Baltimre Urban Gardening with Students（BUGS）项目可以提供给孩子一手的农耕经验。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Urban gardens are valuable prperty t cmmunities. They prvide green spaces t grw sustainable fd, build cmmunity chesin (凝聚力) make new friends, cnnect with the earth, and much mre.”（城市花园对于社区是社区的宝贵资产。它们提供绿色空间，种植可持续的食物，建立社区凝聚力，结交新的朋友，与地球相连等等。）可知，四个城市的花园的共同点是它们对市民很重要。故选D项。
B
As a gethermal(地热) scientist, I knw that biling rivers exist-but they are always near vlcanes. Yu need a lt f heat t make that much water bil. We were wrking in the vlcanic gap, a 950-mile-lng area that cvers mst f Peru, where there haven’t been vlcanic eruptins fr the past tw millin years.
Yet, we’d fund the Shanaya, a name riginated frm “heating thing”. My measurements averaged 190°F-195°F. The lcals think it’s s ht because f the Yacumama, r “water mther”—a spirit wh gives birth t waters—represented by a snake-head-shaped rck at the rigin f the heated water.
I had t cut my way thrugh the bush at the side f the river t take temperature readings. All the while, right next t me was this very ht, fast-flwing bdy f water. A friend at the nearest village had tld me, “Use yur feet like eyes.” Yu can’t see heat, but yu can feel it when yu step near it. I wre sandals(凉鞋).
I was at a part f the river measuring 210F, standing n a rck the size f a sheet r paper, when the rain fell. It was like a curtain rising. The temperature difference between the rain and the river caused a whiteut(临时性失明). I culdn’t see, but I whistled t let my partner knw I was OK.
At 130°F, flesh cks, and the water arund me was nearing twice that. My eyes wuld have cked in less than a minute, and I culdn’t have seen hw t get ut. I saw rats fall in, their eyes turning milky white. I kept whistling.
After 15 minutes the rain stpped and the steam cleared. A heavy rain in mst situatins wuld have been nthing imprtant. Here, fr a matter f minutes, it thinned the line between researching and being biled alive.
4. What d the lcals think causes the water s ht?
A. The high temperature.B. An imaginary creature.
C. The vlcanic eruptins.D. The gelgical cnditins.
5. Why did the authr cut his way thrugh the bush beside the river?
A. T get sme related data.
B. T lk int wildlife arund the river.
C. T knw abut the quality f the water.
D. T appreciate the beautiful scenery there.
6. Fr what reasn did the authr whistle when it rained?
A. He was in truble.B. He culd stand n a rck.
C. Nthing was wrng with him.D. He liked the natural phenmenn.
7. What is the best title fr the article?
A. A Hard RainB. Milky White Eyes
C. Biling RiverD. Water near Vlcanes
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者作为作为一名地热科学家，知道沸腾的河流一般存在在火山附近，本文叙述了作者在过去的200万年里都没有活火山活动的区域找到沸腾河流Shanaya的惊险经历。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The lcals think it’s s ht because f the Yacumama, r “water mther”—a spirit wh gives birth t waters—represented by a snake-head-shaped rck at the rigin f the heated water.(当地人认为这是因为Yacumama，也就是water mther——一种在热水发源地产下蛇头状岩石所代表的水的精灵)”可知，当地人认为造成水温较高的是一种想象中的生物，故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“I had t cut my way thrugh the bush at the side f the river t take temperature readings. (我不得不抄近路穿过河边的灌木丛来测量温度)”可知，作者在灌木丛中开辟道路是为了读取温度数据，故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“but I whistled t let my partner knw I was OK.(但我吹口哨让我的搭档知道我没事)”可知，作者吹口哨是想让同伴知道自己没事，故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章的主题句“I knw that biling rivers exist—but they are always near vlcanes.(我知道有沸腾的河流存在，它们总是在火山附近)”以及作者找到沸腾河流Shanaya的细节可知，本文叙述了作者在过去的200万年里都没有活火山活动的区域找到沸腾河流Shanaya的惊险经历。由此可知C选项“沸腾的河流”为短文最佳标题。故选C。
C
In a series f studies, researchers fund highly trained dgs may be mre successful than untrained pets in independently slving newly-presented prblems.
Researchers have discvered that ne f the factrs underlying this prcess may be persistence (坚持). It invlves reinfrcement, the principle that behavirs that are rewarded becme strnger and mre frequent. The ther side f this is extinctin, which refers t the fact that behavirs that are nt rewarded grw weaker and becme less likely t appear. When extinctin sets in, the animal will simply quit befre the prblem is slved. It is pssible that highly trained dgs have learned t persist and thus have develped resistance t extinctin, which wuld make them better prblem slvers.
In this recent study, the researchers lked at 26 adult dgs divided int tw grups, “trained dgs” and “pet dgs”. There were tw tasks that the dgs were tested n. One was a scial learning task where the dg had t learn t lk directly int the experimenter’s eyes. Every time the dg stared at the experimenter’s face, they received a treat (reinfrcement). Once the dgs were perfrming this task, the extinctin stage began, and the staring behavir was n lnger rewarded in rder t see hw persistent the newly learned behavir was.
The secnd task fcused n prblem-slving. It invlved a flat disk that had bne-shaped plastic bnes. The dgs had t learn t remve the plastic bnes t btain the treat hiding under each ne. After the series f rewarded trials, the extinctin stage began, and n mre reinfrcements were prvided fr remving the bnes.
In the scial learning task, the trained dgs gazed at the experimenters mre than the pet dgs during extinctin. While in the prblem-slving task, the trained dgs picked up a larger number f bnes during extinctin. In ther wrds, fr dgs wh had been trained, their newly learned behavirs persisted lnger and were strnger than the behavirs f the pet dgs wh received n training in any area.
8. Hw des the authr intrduce the tpic?
A. By stating a fact.B. By raising a dubt.
C. By making an assumptin.D. By presenting a cnclusin.
9. Which f the fllwing can be seen as “reinfrcement”?
A. Chaining a dg up while walking it every day.
B. Giving a gat sme grass every time it stands up.
C. Putting a fish back int the pl every time it jumps ut.
D. Yelling at a cat every time it fails t catch a muse.
10. Hw can dgs benefit frm training in the experiment?
A. Their newly learned behavirs last lnger.
B. They can grw strnger than untrained dgs.
C. They are mre likely t live lnger.
D. They are better at helping their friends.
11. Which f the fllwing can be the best title f the text?
A. Hw researchers carry ut animal experiments
B. Why trained dgs dn’t give up easily
C. Why persistent dgs make better pets
D. Hw t pick ut a suitable pet dg
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，在独立解决新出现的问题方面，训练有素的狗可能比未经训练的宠物更成功。这是因为训练有素的狗可能已经学会了坚持。文章主要分析了其原因——为什么训练有素的狗不会轻易放弃。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“In a series f studies, researchers fund highly trained dgs may be mre successful than untrained pets in independently slving newly-presented prblems.(在一系列研究中，研究人员发现，在独立解决新出现的问题方面，训练有素的狗可能比未经训练的宠物更成功)”可知，第一段陈述一项研究结果，即在独立解决新出现的问题方面，训练有素的狗可能比未经训练的宠物更成功，接着文章开始解释这一现象的原因。由此推知，作者通过提出一个实验结论来引起文章主题的。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“It invlves reinfrcement, the principle that behavirs that are rewarded becme strnger and mre frequent.(它包括强化，原则是得到奖励的行为变得更强大和更频繁)”可知，“强化”是指在得到奖励后，行为会变得更强大和更频繁。由此推知，B项“每次山羊站起来的时候给它一些草。”属于强化，故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“While in the prblem-slving task, the trained dgs picked up a larger number f bnes during extinctin. In ther wrds, fr dgs wh had been trained, their newly learned behavirs persisted lnger and were strnger than the behavirs f the pet dgs wh received n training in any area.(在解决问题的过程中，受过训练的狗在灭绝的过程中捡起了更多的骨头。换句话说，对于经过训练的狗来说，它们新学会的行为比那些没有接受任何领域训练的狗持续时间更长，行为也更强烈)”可知，实验中接受过训练的狗们新学会的行为持续的时间更长。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“In a series f studies, researchers fund highly trained dgs may be mre successful than untrained pets in independently slving newly-presented prblems.(在一系列研究中，研究人员发现，在独立解决新出现的问题方面，训练有素的狗可能比未经训练的宠物更成功)”和第二段中“Researchers have discvered that ne f the factrs underlying this prcess may be persistence (坚持)... It is pssible that highly trained dgs have learned t persist and thus have develped resistance t extinctin, which wuld make them better prblem slvers.(研究人员发现，这个过程背后的因素之一可能是持久性……训练有素的狗可能已经学会了坚持，从而产生了对灭绝的抵抗力，这将使它们成为更好的问题解决者)”和下文描述的实验过程可知，研究人员发现，在独立解决新出现的问题方面，训练有素的狗可能比未经训练的宠物更成功。这是因为训练有素的狗可能已经学会了坚持。文章主要分析了其原因——为什么训练有素的狗不会轻易放弃。由此可知，B项“为什么训练有素的狗不会轻易放弃”适合做文章标题。故选B。
D
With the grwing trend f listening t stries n meditatin apps(冥想应用), travel tales—smetimes featuring surrunding sunds f places such as rainfrests in Brne—are helping peple get restful sleep. Imagine a vice sftly telling as listeners clse their eyes and snuggle dwn in their beds. Are yu paying attentin? Actually, it desn’t matter.
Accrding t the CDC, sme 70 millin Americans struggle with chrnic sleep prblems. T help with this, many adults are bringing back bedtime stries thrugh meditatin apps. Nearly a third f the Calm app’s 300 bedtime stries, which have been listened t mre than 450 millin times, are abut travel. Sme 45% f the bedtime stries n the app Breethe are travel-related. Earlier this year, half f the tp 10 bedtime stries were travel-themed.
Travel bedtime stries are typically an audi retelling f a trip and rely heavily n descriptins, with ccasinal surrunding nises like cean waves, train tracks, r sft music. Train stries are particularly ppular at bedtime. “Yu need mvement in a bedtime stry—if things are static(静止的), it’s t dull and the listener will get restless,” says Martha Bayless, a prfessr at the University f Oregn’s Flklre and Public Culture Prgram. “But the mvement has t be nn-threatening and sthing. The train is the perfect vehicle fr sleep, engaging the senses in a gentle way.”
One pssible reasn why travel bedtime stries calm ur brains is “mirrr neurns(镜像神经元),” says Rachel Salas, a neurlgist at Jhns Hpkins Center fr Sleep and Wellness. “These brain cells might cmbine ur wn experiences with smene else’s. Fr example, a tale f train travel culd bring a sense f nstalgia(怀旧)fr ur wn past jurneys. The cmfrting sense f smething familiar can help with relaxatin and sleep. Additinally, the sund f a train chugging alng the tracks serves as a type f white nise that lulls peple t sleep,” Salas adds.
“In mst travel bedtime stries, nthing much happens,” says Bayless. “The bedtime stries are abut the quiet perid between adventures, which is what sleep is als abut.”
12. In which aspect d peple benefit frm travel tales?
A. Prmting sleep.B. Inspiring imaginatin.
C. Imprving cncentratin.D. Gaining travel infrmatin.
13. What d the numbers in paragraph 2 mainly indicate?
A. Mst adults suffer a lt frm a lack f sleep.
B. Adequate quality sleep is essential t human health.
C. Meditatin apps help peple reduce stress effectively.
D. Travel-related bedtime stries are mre appealing t listeners.
14. Rachel Salas’s wrds in paragraph 4 serve as ______.
A. evidence f the significance f mirrr neurns
B. an explanatin as t why travel tales help with sleep
C. a descriptin f adventurus travel experiences
D. an analysis f hw sleep affects peple’s memry
15. In which sectin f a newspaper may this article appear?
A. Travel.B. Opinin.C. Entertainment.D. Science.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍旅行故事可以帮助人们获得宁静的睡眠并从科学角度解释了它的原因。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“With the grwing trend f listening t stries n meditatin apps(冥想应用), travel tales—smetimes featuring surrunding sunds f places such as rainfrests in Brne—are helping peple get restful sleep. (随着在冥想应用程序上听故事的趋势越来越大，有时以婆罗洲雨林等地周围的声音为特色的旅行故事正在帮助人们获得宁静的睡眠。)”可知，旅行故事可以帮助人们获得宁静的睡眠。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Accrding t the CDC, sme 70 millin Americans struggle with chrnic sleep prblems. T help with this, many adults are bringing back bedtime stries thrugh meditatin apps. Nearly a third f the Calm app’s 300 bedtime stries, which have been listened t mre than 450 millin times, are abut travel. Sme 45% f the bedtime stries n the app Breethe are travel-related. Earlier this year, half f the tp 10 bedtime stries were travel-themed. (根据美国疾病预防控制中心的数据，大约有7000万美国人患有慢性睡眠问题。为了帮助解决这个问题，许多成年人正在通过冥想应用程序带回睡前故事。Calm应用程序的300个睡前故事中，有近三分之一是关于旅行的，这些故事已被收听超过4.5亿次。Breethe应用上约45%的睡前故事与旅行有关。今年早些时候，前十大睡前故事中有一半是以旅行为主题的。)”可知，与旅行有关的睡前故事对听众很有吸引力。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“One pssible reasn why travel bedtime stries calm ur brains is “mirrr neurns(镜像神经元),” says Rachel Salas, a neurlgist at Jhns Hpkins Center fr Sleep and Wellness. “These brain cells might cmbine ur wn experiences with smene else’s. Fr example, a tale f train travel culd bring a sense f nstalgia(怀旧)fr ur wn past jurneys. The cmfrting sense f smething familiar can help with relaxatin and sleep. Additinally, the sund f a train chugging alng the tracks serves as a type f white nise that lulls peple t sleep,” Salas adds. (约翰斯·霍普金斯睡眠与健康中心的神经学家雷切尔·萨拉斯（Rachel Salas）说，睡前旅行故事让我们的大脑平静下来的一个可能原因是“镜像神经元”。“这些脑细胞可能会将我们自己的经历与他人的经历结合起来。例如，火车旅行的故事可能会给我们过去的旅程带来怀旧感。熟悉事物的舒适感有助于放松和睡眠。此外，火车在铁轨上隆隆作响的声音也是一种白噪音，能让人入睡。”萨拉斯补充道。)”可知，Rachel Salas的话解释了旅行故事帮助人们睡眠的原因。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“With the grwing trend f listening t stries n meditatin apps(冥想应用), travel tales—smetimes featuring surrunding sunds f places such as rainfrests in Brne—are helping peple get restful sleep. (随着在冥想应用程序上听故事的趋势越来越大，有时以婆罗洲雨林等地周围的声音为特色的旅行故事正在帮助人们获得宁静的睡眠。)”和第四段“One pssible reasn why travel bedtime stries calm ur brains is “mirrr neurns(镜像神经元),” says Rachel Salas, a neurlgist at Jhns Hpkins Center fr Sleep and Wellness. (约翰斯·霍普金斯睡眠与健康中心的神经学家雷切尔·萨拉斯（Rachel Salas）说，睡前旅行故事让我们的大脑平静下来的一个可能原因是“镜像神经元”。)可知，这篇文章主要介绍旅行故事可以帮助人们获得宁静的睡眠并从科学角度解释了它的原因。所以它属于科学相关的文章，应该是来源于科学部分。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every sentence we speak shws smething abut wh we are as humans. Even peple speaking the same language have distinct dialects. _____16_____ Whether peple say “sda” r “pp” may reveal what cuntry and what regin they are frm. What peple call the night befre Hallween may tie t their religius beliefs.
_____17_____ Plants and animals that are given names in any language are generally thse that are relevant t peple speaking the language. The relevance cmes frm the way that the peple have interacted with the animals and plants. In sme cases, this has happened ver centuries.
While we might think f language as having a fixed set f wrds and rules that we learn in schl, in fact language is always develping. New wrds emerge while thers fall ut f use. Prnunciatin changes ver time as des the meaning f wrds. ____18____
Our ability t learn language develps when we are yung. Sunds heard as infants, r even in the wmb (子宫), set the stage fr language learning later. Baby cing (咕咕叫) is the result f babies’ analysis f the languages spken t them. _____19_____ Children expsed t multiple languages early in life, and grwing up multilingual, develp enhanced cgnitive functins. These may include the ability t fcus and ignre distractins
Languages are as diverse as the cmmunities that speak them. Each f the apprximately 7,000 bld languages is a prf t a cmmunity’s unique human experience. Yet, many languages arund the wrld are endangered. It is pssible that as many as half f the wrld’s languages culd g silent by the end f this century. Why? ____20____ But they bil dwn t scial inequalities and disrespect fr thers.
A. Babies are practicing the prnunciatin f sunds that they need fr cmmunicatin.
B. Languages change with time.
C. These are rted in their histry and culture.
D. What kind f slang (俚语) yu use may cme frm the habits f yur family.
E. Language als shws the cnnectins between us, and ur natural envirnment.
F. The reasns are cmplex.
G. Peple als brrw wrds frm languages ther than their wn t add t their wn vcabulary.
【答案】16. C 17. E 18. G 19. A 20. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了语言能够反应历史和文化，甚至是和自然界的联系，介绍了人类语言学习能力的发展过程。
【16题详解】
根据后文“Whether peple say ‘sda’ r ‘pp’ may reveal what cuntry and what regin they are frm. What peple call the night befre Hallween may tie t their religius beliefs.(无论人们说“苏打水”还是“汽水”，都可能透露出他们来自哪个国家和地区。人们对万圣节前夜的称呼可能与他们的宗教信仰有关。)”用举例的方式讲述了人们的语言与国家，宗教等背景有关系，设空句作为该部分前文内容，应是对该部分的总述，即，语言与国家，宗教等文化有关系。选项C“These are rted in their histry and culture.(这些都根植于他们的历史和文化。)”在句意上符合分析，且“These”呼应前文“Every sentence we speak shws smething abut wh we are as humans. Even peple speaking the same language have distinct dialects.(我们说的每句话都显示了我们作为人类的一些特征。即使说同一种语言的人也有不同的方言。)”提及现象，用在段中使得前后衔接紧密。故选C项。
【17题详解】
设空句为该段主旨句。根据后文“Plants and animals that are given names in any language are generally thse that are relevant t peple speaking the language.(在任何一种语言中，植物和动物的名字通常都是与说这种语言的人相关的。)”可知，后文通过举例动植物的名字与人类语言的紧密关系强调了人类语言与自然环境的联系。选项E“Language als shws the cnnectins between us, and ur natural envirnment.(语言也显示了我们和自然环境之间的联系。)”在句意上符合分析。故选E项。
【18题详解】
根据该段主旨“…in fact language is always develping(事实上，语言一直在发展)”可知，该段强调人类语言在发展变化，且设空前文“New wrds emerge while thers fall ut f use. Prnunciatin changes ver time as des the meaning f wrds.(新词汇不断出现，而其他词汇则不再使用。随着时间的推移，发音会发生变化，单词的意思也会发生变化。)”举例了随着时间，语言在词汇，发音，词义方面的发展变化，由此可推知，设空句应承接主题“发展变化”，讲述了语言在其他方面的发展。选项G“Peple als brrw wrds frm languages ther than their wn t add t their wn vcabulary.(人们还会从母语以外的语言中借用词汇来增加自己的词汇量。)”讲到了“借词”促进了词汇量的发展，符合分析，且“als”与前文构成并列顺承关系。故选G项。
【19题详解】
根据前文“Sunds heard as infants, r even in the wmb, set the stage fr language learning later. Baby cing is the result f babies’ analysis f the languages spken t them.(婴儿时期，甚至在子宫里听到的声音，为以后的语言学习奠定了基础。婴儿的咕咕声是婴儿对别人说话的语言进行分析的结果。)”可知，前文讲述了婴儿期对于听到的语言和声音的反应，这时的婴儿还不会说话，而后文“Children expsed t multiple languages early in life…(从小接触多种语言的孩子……)”则直接提到了儿童期，因此可推知，设空句应是承接前文内容讲述婴儿期的语言发展。选项A“Babies are practicing the prnunciatin f sunds that they need fr cmmunicatin.(婴儿正在练习他们交流所需的发音。)”符合分析。故选A项。
【20题详解】
根据前文“It is pssible that as many as half f the wrld’s languages culd g silent by the end f this century. Why?(到本世纪末，世界上有多达一半的语言可能会消失。为什么？)”可知，设空句应是对其进行回答，讲到“多达一半的语言可能消失”的原因。选项F“The reasns are cmplex.(原因很复杂。)”是一种回答方式。故选F项。
第二部分 语言运用
［共两节，满分30分］
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Years ag, my huse was brken int. I ___21___ with the plice and when they ___22___ my dubt abut my neighbur, Jared, they rlled their eyes. “He’s gt a（n） ___23___ already. If yu accuse（起诉）Jared, he will ___24___ t juvenile detentin（少管所）until he’s 21.”
I asked the plice t ___25___ until I culd speak with Jared. When Jared saw me, his eyes were filled with fear, ___26___ a nte f regret. I seized the mment. “We meet fr ne hur every Saturday fr ten mnths. We’ll spend a half-hur n hmewrk and a half-hur ___27___ anything yu like. But yu must cmmit, and yu must ___28___ the mney yu stle.”
He tk the ffer.
T my ___29___ , he shwed up in the quiet, appinted place every Saturday. Saturday after Saturday we sat, we _____30_____ , and I listened. I learned abut his brken family, the ambitins that seemed far beynd his _____31_____ t wrk tward them, and his lack f meaningful cnnectins with thers. He repaid the mney t me. When the ten mnths ended, I _____32_____ my hand t Jared, “That’s it. Thank yu.”
He laid his hand in mine, _____33_____ , and lked at me. “That’s it?” he repeated.
“Yeah,” I said.
Later, we became gd friends. Whatever prblems ur neighbrs had, he was ready t help them.
Yung peple smetimes make us _____34_____ with their behavir, but as an adult, ur psitive guidance may make a great _____35_____ t their whle life.
21. A. livedB. spkeC. playedD. cmbined
22. A. knewB. remvedC. annuncedD. refused
23. A. interestB. bkC. recrdD. reward
24. A. replyB. writeC. referD. g
25. A. give upB. hld ffC. lk arundD. carry n
26. A. usingB. sharingC. shwingD. asking
27 A. talking abutB. turning dwnC. lking frD. thinking abut
28. A. frgetB. wnC. rememberD. repay
29. A. delightB. angerC. anxietyD. sadness
30. A. agreedB. chattedC. shutedD. cried
31. A. chiceB. willingnessC. healthD. cleverness
32. A. clappedB. wavedC. fferedD. lent
33. A. dubtfulB. calmC. upsetD. cld
34. A. happyB. disappintedC. curiusD. thankful
35. A. differenceB. decisinC. aplgyD. effrt
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了很多年前作者的家里被邻居偷盗，作者并没有起诉他，而是通过积极的引导使这位邻居没有误入歧途，对他的人生产生了很大影响的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我向警察说明的情况，当他们知道我怀疑的是我的邻居Jared的时候，眼珠直打转。1. A. lived居住；B. spke说；C. played玩；D. cmbined结合。根据该句后“He’s gt a（n） ___3___ already. If yu accuse（起诉）Jared, he will ___4___ t juvenile detentin（少管所）until he’s 21.”可知，作者向警察说明他怀疑自己的邻居强行进入了自己的家。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我向警察说明，当他们知道我怀疑的是我的邻居Jared的时候，眼珠直打转。A. knew知道；B. remved移动；C. annunced宣布；D. refused拒绝。作者向警察说明了情况，使警察了解了自己的想法。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他已经有过一次记录了。A. interest兴趣；B. bk书；C. recrd记录；D. reward奖励。根据后文“If yu accuse（起诉）Jared, he will ___4___ t juvenile detentin（少管所）until he’s 21.”可知，警察告诉作者，如果起诉他的话，他将要在少管所待到21岁，所以可以推断出，他已经有过一次不良记录了。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你起诉Jared的话，他就将要在少管所待到21 岁。A. reply回复；B. write写下；C. refer参考；D. g去。根据前文可知，作者怀疑入室盗窃的是他的邻居，所以如果作者起诉的话，这位邻居就会进少管所。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我让警察推迟一下案件，直到我可以当面和Jared交谈。A. give up放弃；B. hld ff推迟；C. lk arund 环顾四周；D. carry n继续。根据后文作者与Jared达成的约定可以推测出，作者是想让警察推迟案件，让自己可以当面和他谈一谈。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Jared看到我到时候，他的眼里充满了恐惧，流露出悔意。A.using使用；B. sharing分享；C. shwing展现，流露；D. asking询问。根据句意可知，Jared看到作者的时候，眼里充满了恐惧，所以悔意也是从眼睛里流露出来、显现出来。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们将花半个小时在功课上，还有半个小时谈谈你想说的任何事情。A. talking abut谈论；B. turning dwn拒绝；C. lking fr寻找；D. thinking abut思考。根据后文“Saturday after Saturday we sat, we ___10___ , and I listened.”可知，每周六这半个小时，作者都会与这位邻居交谈，作者听着他的诉说，所以可以推断出，作者与邻居的约定是半个小时功课，半个小时交谈。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是你必须承认犯的错，也必须偿还你偷盗的钱。A. frget忘记；B. wn拥有；C. remember记住；D. repay偿还。根据前文“Years ag, my huse was brken int. I ___1___ with the plice and when they ___2___ my dubt abut my neighbur, Jare.”可知，作者的家里被偷到了，犯罪对象正是这位邻居，所以作者要求他进行偿还。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我高兴的是，他每周六都会出现在这个安静的、约定好的地方。A. delight高兴；B. anger气愤；C. anxiety焦虑；D. sadness难过。根据后文“ he shwed up in the quiet, appinted place every Saturday.”可知，令作者高兴的是，他每周六都会出现在这个安静的、约定好的地方。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：一个周六一个周六地过着，我们坐下来，我们聊天，我一直倾听着。A. agreed同意；B. chatted聊天；C. shuted呼喊；D. cried哭泣。根据后文“I learned abut his brken family, the ambitins that seemed far beynd his ___11___ t wrk tward them, and his lack f meaningful cnnectins with thers.”可知，在聊天过程中，作者了解到邻居背后故事。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我了解到他破碎家庭，那些志向抱负似乎已经远超他朝着他们努力的意愿了，而且他也缺少与别人的有意义的联系和接触。A. chice 选择；B. willingness意愿；C. health健康；D. cleverness聪明。作者的这位邻居有着一个破碎的家庭，那些理想抱负已经远超他的意愿了，对他来说已经是力不从心了。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当十个月结束后，我向Jared伸出我的手，“那就是，谢谢你。” A. clapped拍手；B. waved摆动；C. ffered提供；D. lent借款。根据后文“He laid his hand in mine. ”可知，Jared的手在作者的手心里，所以是作者向Jared主动伸出手，去握他的手。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的手在我的手心里，疑惑地看着我。A. dubtful疑惑的；B. calm冷静的；C. upset沮丧的；D. cld冷淡的。根据后文“That’s it?” he repeated.”可知，Jared疑惑地重复着作者刚刚说过的那句话，所以他是充满疑惑地看着作者。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：年轻人可能有时会让我们对他的行为感到失望，但是作为一个成年人，我们的积极引导可能会对他们的人生都产生影响。A. happy高兴的；B. disappinted失望的；C. curius好奇的；D. thankful感谢的。根据全文的故事叙述可知，作者一开始也是对这位邻居的行为很生气，也很失望。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：年轻人可能有时会让我们对他的行为感到失望，但是作为一个成年人，我们的积极引导可能会对他们的人生都产生影响。A. difference不同；B. decisin决定；C. aplgy道歉；D. effrt努力。根据文章的事例叙述可知，作者要表达的意思是通过积极的引导，会对年轻人的人生产生影响和作用，make a difference为固定短语，意为：对……产生影响。故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Alaska Airlines annunced it will becme the first U.S. airline t launch an electrnic bag tag (标签) prgram later this year. The tags are small prgrammable devices with e-paper displays that are designed ____36____ (replace) the paper tags currently in use.
The new prgram will initially fcus n San Jse Internatinal Airprt in Califrnia. The airline plans t initially give ut 2,500 f the tags ____37____ free t its frequent fliers, and the tags____38____ (be) available t purchase by Mileage Plan members next year.
The electrnic bag tags will allw guests t skip the step f printing ____39____ (traditin) bag tags upn arrival at the airprt. Instead, guests can activate the devices frm ____40____ (place) like their hmes, ffices r cars — up t 24 hurs befre their flight ____41____ (use) the Alaska Airlines mbile app.
The activatin is dne by ____42____ (simple) tuching the phne used fr check-in t the electrnic bag tag, ____43____ has an antenna (天线) that pwers and reads the infrmatin transmitted frm the phne. Cmpared t a previus versin tested in 2015, ____44____ new tag is “battery-less”and never needs t be recharged.
“The devices will allw ur emplyees t spend mre time with guests wh ask fr ____45____ (assist),” said Charu Jain, senir vice president f merchandising and innvatin at Alaska Airlines.
【答案】36. t replace
37. fr 38. will be
39. traditinal
40. places
41. using
42. simply 43. which
44. the 45. assistance
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。阿拉斯加航空公司宣布，今年晚些时候将成为美国首家推出电子行李标签项目的航空公司，文章介绍了新的标签的推广步骤，使用方法，以及相比于纸质标签的优势。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些标签是带有电子纸显示器的小型可编程设备，旨在取代目前使用的纸质标签。此处考查动词短语be designed t d, 意为“为做……而设计”，设空处应用动词不定式，主语的补语。故填t replace。
【37题详解】
考查介词。句意：该航空公司计划首先向常旅客免费发放2500个标签，明年将由里程计划会员购买。根据后半句中的available t purchase可知，在前期机场发的标签不收钱，是免费的，此处考查介词短语fr free，意为“免费的”。设空处应填介词fr。故填fr。
【38题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：该航空公司计划首先向常旅客免费发放2500个标签，明年将由里程计划会员购买。根据句子结构，设空处应填谓语动词，根据时间状语next year，本句的谓语动词为一般将来时，可用will+动词原形。故填will be。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：电子行李标签将使客人在到达机场时跳过打印传统行李标签的步骤。动名词printing后的宾语是bag tags，设空处应用形容词traditinal，意为“传统的”，为前置定语。故填traditinal。
【40题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：反而，乘客可以在家中、办公室或汽车等地方使用阿拉斯加航空公司的移动应用程序在航班起飞前24小时激活这些设备。根据句中like their hmes, ffices r cars可知，frm后接名词复数places，指各种地方，作frm的宾语。故填places。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：反而，乘客可以在家中、办公室或汽车等地方使用阿拉斯加航空公司的移动应用程序在航班起飞前24小时激活这些设备。句子的谓语动词为activate，故设空处为非谓语动词，use与逻辑主语guests为主谓关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填using。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：只需将用于办理登机手续的手机触摸到电子行李标签上，电子行李标签上有一个天线，可以为手机供电并读取从手机传输的信息。修饰动词短语tuching the phne，应用副词simply，意为“简单地，仅仅”，作状语。故填simply。
43题详解】
考查定语从句的关系代词。句意：只需将用于办理登机手续的手机触摸到电子行李标签上，电子行李标签上有一个天线，可以为手机供电并读取从手机传输的信息。此处考查非限制性定语从句，the electrnic bag tag为先行词，为物，在从句中作主语，设空处应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：与2015年测试的旧版本相比，新标签是“无电池”的，永远不需要充电。根据第一段第一句“Alaska Airlines annunced it will becme the first U.S. airline t launch an electrnic bag tag ( 标签) prgram later this year. (阿拉斯加航空公司宣布，它将在今年晚些时候成为第一家推出电子行李标签项目的美国航空公司。)”可知，此处的new tag即上文提到的行李标签，应用定冠词the，表特指。故填the。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：阿拉斯加航空负责销售和创新的高级副总裁查鲁·杰恩说：“这些设备将使我们的员工有更多的时间与寻求帮助的客人在一起。”定语从句中，谓语动词ask fr后接名词，设空处应用名词assistance，意为“帮助”，作宾语。故填assistance。
第三部分 写作
［共两节，满分40分］
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim即将来京，并打算 利用周末时间游览一处北京古代建筑。他发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1.你的推荐；2.说明理由。
注意：1.词数不少于50；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m pleased t learn that yu’re cming t Beijing. I’m writing t recmmend yu an amazing ancient architecture in Beijing—the Summer Palace.
The Summer Palace is lcated in the western suburbs f Beijing and it’s easy t g there by bus. This ancient ryal garden is beautifully cmpsed f palaces, temples, gardens and lakes. It is the largest garden in China, which has been enjying great ppularity. What’s mre, the Summer Palace is als the center f cultural and histrical relics. I’m sure yu will be amazed at the wnderful place.
Finally, I d hpe that yu will have a gd time in Beijing.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，向朋友介绍一处北京古代建筑。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：1.表明推荐的地方
2.推荐理由
1）介绍位置。（lcatin）
2）自然风光。（natural scenery）
3）文化历史意义。（cultural and histrical meaning）
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
be pleased t; recmmend; be lcated in; beautifully; be cmpsed f; largest; the center f; have a gd time
第三步：连词成句
1. I’m pleased t learn that yu’re cming t Beijing.
2. I’m writing t recmmend yu an amazing ancient architecture in Beijing—the Summer Palace.
3. The Summer Palace is lcated in the western suburbs f Beijing.
4. This ancient ryal garden is beautifully cmpsed f palaces, temples, gardens and lakes.
5. It is the largest garden in China.
6. What’s mre, the Summer Palace is als the center f cultural and histrical relics.
7. I d hpe that yu will have a gd time in China..
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First f all, Firstly/First, Secndly/Secnd… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is mre, Besides, Mrever, Furthermre, In additin As well as, nt nly…but (als), including,
3.表转折对比关系：Hwever, On the cntrary, but, Althugh+clause(从句), In spite f+n/ding,On the ne hand…,On the ther hand… Sme…,while thers…,as fr, s…that…
4.表因果关系：Because As, S, Thus, Therefre, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：It is the largest garden in China, which has been enjying great ppularity.这句话运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句；也使用了一些固定词组，如be pleased t; be lcated in; have a gd time等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I std by the windws f ur Mscw apartment and lked utside. Old buildings blcked mst f the gray winter sky, and the grund belw was brwn with dirty snw. I nticed a wman crssing the street, her face cvered with a thick scarf.
I drew the curtains, turned n the light, and sat dwn n my bed with a bk. The phne rang. After a minute, I heard my mm say, “Sure! Marina wuld lve that. See yu sn.”
Wh was that? I wndered. And what was I suppsed t lve? Mama walked int my rm and pened the curtains wide again.” Time t get up, Marina. Uncle Gena is taking yu t Sparrw Hills.”
“But it's freezing(极冷的) ut,” I cried. “Yu'll have fun,” Mama said.
I shk my head. “Nt in this weather.” During the summer, I lved ging t Sparrw Hills, eating strawberry ice cream and walking thrugh the park by Mscw State University. But ging there n this cld winter mrning?
“Get ready,” Mama said. “Uncle Gena will be here sn.” I slwly pulled n a blue sweater.
T sn, the drbell rang. When Mama pened the dr, Uncle Gena put his backpack dwn and hugged me. Uncle Gena std straight and tall. Even in the depths f the lng winter, his face was sunburnt frm skiing and muntain climbing. He turned t Mama and hugged her, t. “D yu have a travel mug(旅行杯)?”
“Sure,” said Mama. “Wuld yu like tea r cffee in it?”
“Just an empty ne.” He put the travel mug in his backpack and smiled at me. “Ready, Marina?”
“I guess.” I buttned my cat up t my nse and pulled n a warm wlen hat.
We crssed the street and walked dwn the steps f the statin t catch the train t Sparrw Hills. Marble walls and a shiny flr made the statin lk like a palace f ice. Frtunately, it was warmer in the statin. The train rushed int the statin, an il smell filling the air. When the drs pened, we climbed abard.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Befre lng, we arrived at the ft f Sparrw Hills.
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We finally arrived at the tp f the hill.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph1:
Befre lng, we arrived at the ft f Sparrw Hills. Outside, I fund myself shaking uncntrllably with cld. I tld Uncle Gena I didn't knw hw lng I culd stay ut there as we started t walk uphill. Hwever, when we walked int a stand f snwy trees sparkling with ice-cvered branches, I was extremely attracted, staring straight up at the beautiful view. Uncle Gena explained hw the white light there was brken dwn int the rainbw's seven clrs. He tk the travel mug frm his backpack and filled it with fresh, spark ling snw. He said we wuld make tea at hme. The snw gathered here culd make delicius tea.
Paragraph 2:
We finally arrived at the tp f the hill. Lking frm here, Mscw lked like a fairy-tale city. Snw-cvered trees male ur beautiful ld buildings appear brighter. Then the sun brke thrugh the cluds. I cheered up and said the sun was shining, while Uncle Gena smiled. He tld me the sun was always shining and I just needed t climb high enugh t see it. We had great fun and I wuld never frget that day.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者一开始不喜欢在冬天出门，只想躲在家里看书，而跟着叔叔去了麻雀山后，不仅听到了冬天里美妙的交响乐，更看到了美丽的景色，悟出了冬天美丽的真谛。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“不久，我们就到达了麻雀山的山脚下。”可知，第一段可描写作者到达麻雀山的的感受，以及所见所闻。
②由第二段首句内容“我们最终到达了山顶。”可知，第二段可描写作者到达山顶看到的美景以及作者的感受。
2.续写线索：到达麻雀山——所见所闻——爬上山顶——美丽的风景——感受
3.词汇激活
行为类
①往上走: walk uphill/climb up
②.充满：fill…with…/be full f
③.堆积：gather/bring…tgether
情绪类
①.高兴：cheer up/brighten up
【点睛】[高分句型1]. I tld Uncle Gena I didn't knw hw lng I culd stay ut there as we started t walk uphill. （运用了省略了连词的宾语从句和as引导的状语从句）