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2023-2024学年上海交通大学附中高二上学期摸底考试英语试题含答案
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这是一份2023-2024学年上海交通大学附中高二上学期摸底考试英语试题含答案，文件包含上海交通大学附中2023-2024学年高二上学期摸底考试英语试题原卷版docx、上海交通大学附中2023-2024学年高二上学期摸底考试英语试题解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共63页， 欢迎下载使用。
(本试卷满分150分，120分钟完成。)
第Ⅰ卷(115’)
Ⅰ. Listening Cmprehensin (25’)
Sectin A (10’)
Directins: In Sectin A, yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers. At the end f each cnversatin, a questin will be asked abut what was said. The cnversatins and the questins will be spken nly nce. After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
1．A．He desn’t like cking. B．He makes very gd desserts.
C．He isn’t careful when preparing fd. D．He cks fr the Spanish club quite ften.
2．A．She already tld the man abut her plans. B．She recently visited a different university.
C．She desn’t plan t cntinue studying next year. D．She isn’t planning t transfer t anther university.
3．A．Start cleaning sner. B．Hire a cleaning service.
C．Have his party at a different place. D．Wait a while befre giving anther party.
4．A．She prefers t remain indrs. B．She has the same health prblem the man has.
C．She desn’t think the man is sincere. D．She desn’t understand what the man said.
5．A．He used leftvers in the sup. B．He intentinally cked a lt f sup.
C．He desn’t like leftvers either. D．He has invited many peple t the party.
6．A．The man desn’t need a new bicycle. B．She desn’t knw hw t fix a bicycle.
C．She can’t help the man make his decisin. D．A bicycle isn’t a safe methd f transprtatin.
7．A．Ed is happy with his jb. B．The bss plans t give Ed a raise in salary.
C．The bss hasn’t treated Ed fairly. D．Ed isn’t as gd a wrker as the bss thinks.
8．A．She left wrk after the man. B．It nly rained in a small area.
C．She desn’t mind driving in the dwnpur. D．She was unable t fllw the man’s directins.
9．A．It isn’t necessary t attend the lecture. B．Eating in the lecture hall is prhibited.
C．There isn’t enugh time t eat dessert. D．The lecture prbably wn’t start n time.
10．A．She wants t buy a car frm Matthew.
B．She desn’t think that Oakville is very far.
C．She thinks the man misunderstd what she said.
D．She didn’t knw that Matthew planned t mve t Oakville.
Sectin B (15’)
Directins: In Sectin B, yu will hear tw shrt passages and a lnger cnversatin, and yu will be asked sme questins n the passages and the cnversatin. The passages and the cnversatin will be read twice, but he questins will be spken nly nce. When yu hear a questin, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
Questins 11 thrugh 13 are based n the fllwing talk.
11．A．Sme mnkeys have been well prtected. B．Sme mnkeys are changing their clurs.
C．Sme mnkeys are threatened with extinctin. D．Sme mnkeys have becme humans’ enemies.
12．A．It can make mnkeys lk darker. B．It can be fund in mst mnkey species.
C．It cntains a strng-smelling chemical. D．It is less harmful than melanin.
13．A．The sulphur they take in. B．The ec-friendly farming.
C．The decline in their enemies. D．The delivery f their babies.
Questins 14 thrugh 16 are based n the fllwing passage.
14．A．It was first published in 1768. B．Mdern science was ne f its themes.
C．It was made up f 10 vlume when cmpleted. D．The Scttish created it t publicize Scttish culture.
15．A．6. B．7. C．8. D．9.
16．A．T explain hw the Encyclpedia Britannica has been digitized.
B．T aruse listeners’ curisity abut the Encyclpedia Britannica.
C．T illustrate the rle that the Encyclpedia Britannica has played.
D．T call fr mre help with the recvery f the Encyclpedia Britannica.
Questins 17 thrugh 20 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
17．A．Writing a stry. B．A jewelry stre rbbery.
C．Buying a birthday present. D．Ding research fr a class assignment.
18．A．Her prfessr did nt like her stry. B．She had truble finishing her assignment.
C．She did nt like the tpic she had chsen fr her paper. D．She was taking t many curses.
19．A．Take sme extra time. B．D a writing exercise.
C．D sme wrk fr anther curse. D．Write the stry ending first.
20．A．T g shpping. B．T meet with her prfessr.
C．T d research fr her stry. D．T take a break frm her wrk.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vcabulary
Sectin A (1’×10=10’)
Directins: Beneath each f the fllwing sentences there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D．Chse the ne answer that best cmpletes the sentence.
1. The glbe features thusands f languages. But when did humans first lay ut a structured system t cmmunicate, ne that was distinct t a(n) ______ area?
A. especialB. particularC. peculiarD. special
2. Adults are ften embarrassed abut asking fr aid. The mment yu ask fr directins, ______ yu reveal that yu are vulnerable.
A. abve allB. wrst f allC. after allD. at all
3. Until relatively recently, psychlgists assumed that children did nt start t care abut their reputatin and peers’ ______ until arund age nine.
A. perceptinsB. prescriptinsC. receptinsD. descriptins
4. When eclgist Kasun handled feathers frm the Regent Whistler and the Rufus-naped Bellbird, tw txic birds, his eyes itched like he was chpping nins. Whatever the ______, string the txin in feathers may help prtect the birds against parasites.
A. reasnB. surceC. riginD. resurce
5. It’s midafternn. Yu’re full frm lunch. The day is warm. Yu’re starting t feel sleepy. Shuld yu ______ t the cmfrt f a nap?
A. give upB. give awayC. give ffD. give in
6. Study after study has shwn that spending a night withut sleep prduces md benefits fr abut half f the peple with depressin. The effects f this ______, dubbed “wake therapy”, ffer the bnus f being immediate, unlike mst antidepressants, which require a few weeks t wrk.
A. apprachB. shiftC. termD. applicatin
7. The structure f benzene (苯), Ggle and Frankenstein: What d these icns f science, technlgy and literature all share? They are amng the numerus discveries and inventins that are said t have been ______ thrugh the act f dreaming.
A. stimulatedB. mtivatedC. inspiredD. activated
8. A study has shwn that the current versin f ChatGPT is cmparable, r even superir, t students in nearly 30 percent f curses. The findings are far frm the first t suggest that generative AI mdels can excel at assessments that are typically ______ fr humans.
A. reslvedB. reservedC. preservedD. cnserved
9. The sun is white — kind f. It depends n yur ______ f clr, the way clrs wrk, the way ur eyes see and, just as imprtantly, the air we see thrugh.
A. illuminatinB. interpretatinC. reflectinD. illustratin
10. Dark energy permeates the empty part f the universe — the vacuum. Whatever “it” is, it ______ a repulsive frce that pushes everything apart and pulls against gravity.
A. stretchesB. exertsC. substitutesD. facilitates
Sectin B (1’×20=20’)
(A)
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Make a Wish List
Mst f us knw f New Year’s Reslutins, where ne sets intentins fr the year ahead. But t ften, peple make their reslutins ____11____ — “I will n lnger eat biscuits left at my desk”— and then feel unhappy. In the cld mnth f January, the last thing yu need is t ____12____ yur energy further by setting up a series f battles with yurself. And if yu break a reslutin, yu feel ____13____, which is a rubbish way t start the year. What yu need instead are things t lk frward t.
S instead, try a wish list. This invlves writing dwn 100 things yu wuld like t d in the year ahead. The items can be enrmus r tiny, ranging frm “Climb Everest” t “buy a new pencil sharper”. The main thing is that at sme pint it has ____14____ t yu as smething that yu wuld like t d.
The key here is — write it dwn.
D yu feel any resistance t the ideas? If s, ask yurself why. What is wrng with ____15____ what yu wuld like t d? Try nt t say t yurself: “I can’t I dn’t have the mney/time/energy/skills.” Just write it dwn.
It helps t be ____16____, s rather than “Get utdrs”, ____17____ a place yu wuld like t visit. And take yur time when creating it — a wish list is nt built in a day. Think abut it, plish it and ____18____ it.
Finally, yu have yur list. And what a wrk f beauty it is. Here are all the things that yu wuld like t d. Remember t ____19____ them up where yu can see them; let yurself cnsider hw they can be accmplished. Yu’ll be amazed that s many f yur dreams can be realized thugh the simple trick f writing them dwn and _____20_____ t them.
(B)
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
This past July was the httest recrded mnth in human histry. Heat waves smashed temperature recrds wrldwide and even brught summer temperatures t Chile and Argentina during the Suthern Hemisphere’s winter. It’s mre than just a matter f sweaty discmfrt. In the U.S. alne, it kills mre peple each year than flds, trnades and hurricanes cmbined. As climate change wrsens, access t ____21____ cled spaces is rapidly becming a health necessity.
Yet standard air-cnditining systems have ____22____ us in a vicius cycle: the htter it is, the mre peple use the AC—and the mre energy is used as a result. Nicle Miranda, an engineer researching sustainable cling at the University f Oxfrd says: “it’s nt nly a vicius cycle, but it’s a(n) ____23____ ne.” Accrding t 2018 data frm the Internatinal Energy Agency (IEA), the wrldwide annual energy demand frm cling is ____24____ t mre than triple by 2050.
It’s becming increasingly clear that humans cannt utrun climate change with the same air-cnditining technlgy we’ve been using. One well-knwn prblem with current AC systems is their reliance n refrigerant ____25____, many f which are ptential greenhuse gases. Abut 80 percent f a standard AC unit’s climate-warming emissins currently cme frm the energy used t ____26____ it, says Nihar Shah, directr f the Glbal Cling Efficiency Prgram at Lawrence Berkeley Natinal Labratry.
Standard air-cnditining systems ____27____ cl and dehumidify thrugh a relatively inefficient mechanism: in rder t cndense water ut f the air, they vercl that air past the pint f cmfrt. Many new designs therefre separate the dehumidificatin and cling prcesses, which avids the need t vercl.
Even with sme f the best technlgies available, the gains in ____28____ alne might nt be enugh t ffset the widely expected increase in air-cnditining use. It will nt wrk t simply replace every ____29____ air cnditiner with a better mdel and call it a day. Instead, a truly cler future will have t ____30____ ther strategies that rely n urban planning and building design t minimize the need fr cling in the first place.
Ⅲ. Reading Cmprehensin (60’)
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
(A)
Experiencing ccasinal anxiety is a nrmal part f life. Hwever, anxiety disrders, defined by extreme fear, restlessness, and muscle tensin, can increase the risk fr ___31___ and self-murder.
They are sme f the mst cmmn mental health cnditins arund the wrld, ___32___ arund fur ut f every 100 peple and csting the health care system and jb emplyers ver US $42 billin each year.
Peple with anxiety are mre likely t miss days frm wrk and are less ___33___. Yung peple with anxiety are als less likely t enter schl and cmplete it, leading t fewer life ___34___. Even thugh this evidence pints t anxiety disrders as being imprtant mental health issues, insufficient ___35___ is being given t them by researchers, clinicians, and plicy makers.
My team and I at the University f Cambridge wanted t find ut wh is mst affected by anxiety disrders. T d this, we cnducted a systematic ___36___ f studies that reprted n the prprtin f peple with anxiety in a variety f cntexts arund the wrld, and used accurate methds t keep the highest quality studies.
Our results shwed wmen are almst twice as likely t ___37___ anxiety as men and peple living in Eurpe and Nrth America are disprprtinately affected.
S why are wmen mre ___38___? It culd be because f differences in brain chemistry and hrmne (荷尔蒙) variatins. Reprductive events acrss a wman’s life are ___39___ with hrmnal changes, which have been linked t anxiety. The rise in estrgen (雌激素) that ccurs during pregnancy can ___40___ the risk fr uncntrllable disrder.
This is ___41___ by disturbing and repetitive thughts, impulses and addictins that are upsetting and less effective. But in additin t bilgical mechanisms, wmen and men seem t experience and react t events in their life ___42___. Wmen tend t be mre likely t stress, which can increase their anxiety. Als, when faced with stressful situatins, wmen and men tend t use different cping ___43___. Wmen faced with life stressrs are mre likely t think abut them seriusly, which can increase their anxiety, ___44___ men engage mre in active prblem-fcused cping.
Other studies suggest that wmen are mre likely t ___45___ physical and mental mistreatment than men, and this behavir has been linked t the develpment f anxiety disrders.
31. A. symptmB. depressinC. miseryD. frightening
32. A. infectingB. stimulatingC. capturingD. affecting
33. A. prductiveB. prgressiveC. psitiveD. passive
34. A. adventuresB. insurancesC. chancesD. prgrams
35. A. cnclusinB. attentinC. slutinD. cntributin
36. A. ignranceB. utlkC. discveryD. review
37. A. suffer frmB. deal withC. fight againstD. result frm
38. A. superirB. inferirC. vulnerableD. enrmus
39. A. interactedB. assciatedC. discnnectedD. inherited
40. A. challengeB. declineC. eliminateD. increase
41. A. characterizedB. cnfusedC. perfrmedD. ffended
42. A. equallyB. similarlyC. differentlyD. terribly
43. A. shrtcutsB. strategiesC. standardsD. samples
44. A. becauseB. unlessC. ifD. while
45. A. experienceB. acceptC. ignreD. persist
(B)
In 1968 a grave dating frm abut 1100 was uncvered near Hattula, in Finland, Little remained f the ccupant’s skeletn, but the inhumatin included tw swrds and a knife. Such grave gds wuld nrmally suggest said ccupant was a man. The skeletn was, ___46___ als decrated with brches (胸针) and wllen clthing f types mre usually wrn at the time by wmen. This ___47___ guess that the burial was actually f a pwerful wman, pssibly a lcal ruler in her wn right rather than just the wife f a male king.
This wuld be ntewrthy enugh. But a re-examinatin f the remains, just published in the Eurpean Jurnal f Archaelgy by Ulla Milanen f the University f Turku and Elina Salmela f the University f Helsinki, suggests the truth may be yet mre ___48___. Ms. Milanen and Dr Salmela suspect that the individual ___49___ may have had utward characteristics f bth a man and a wman.
In 1968 wrking ut the ___50___ f a skeletn in an ancient grave was tricky. After years f deteriratin, the bnes f men and wmen lk pretty much ___51___. But that was befre the use f DNA became pssible. S Ms. Milanen and Dr Salmela thught it wrth trying again.
Mst peple have tw sex chrmsmes (染色体): XX in wmen and XY in men. Find DNA frm a Y-chrmsme in a skeletn and the chances are the bdy was ___52___. And, lking at a fragment f femur brught t her by Ms. Milanen, wh is the archaelgist in the ___53___, Dr. Salmela, wh is the geneticist, did indeed find such DNA. But nt much f it. That led her t wnder abut cntaminatin (污染), but als t cnsider whether the individual in the grave had had a(n) ___54___ X-chrmsme that was swamping the signal frm the Y.
Having an abnrmal number f sex chrmsmes is rare, but nt vanishingly s. The particular ___55___ XXY leads t what is knwn as Klinefelter’s syndrme. T determine the ccupant’s karytype (染色体组型) frm the tiny amunt f DNA available, Dr. Salmela drew ___56___ with living peple. The grave delivered 8,329 pieces, s she used a cmputer t draw samples f similar size frm the genmes f living peple with varius karytypes, including XXY, and als frm mixtures f bth sexes, t ___57___ cntaminatin. She then cmpared these with the DNA frm the grave and ___58___ it was 99.75% prbable the individual cncerned had indeed had Klinefelter’s syndrme.
While Dr Salmela was wrking all this ut, Ms. Milanen and her team had anther lk at the grave. They cnfirmed that it was a ___59___ burial. Fr instance, they fund evidence f fine furs, prbably frm fxes. Clearly, this was a well-respected human being, but what led t that ___60___ in a wrld then dminated by male values is a matter f puzzle. Perhaps the persn came frm a family pwerful enugh fr such things nt t matter.
46. A. therefreB. what’s mreC. neverthelessD. fr instance
47. A. intensifiedB. cnfirmedC. dismissedD. encuraged
48 A. cmplicatedB. engagingC. unpleasantD. frightening
49. A. in questinB. at largeC. by cmparisnD. with dubt
50. A. cmpsitinB. ageC. sexD. rigin
51. A. distinctB. unidentifiedC. alikeD. brken
52. A. femaleB. ldC. yungD. male
53. A. cperatinB. authrityC. instituteD. adventure
54 A. restredB. extraC. missingD. dminant
55. A. requirementB. interestC. cmbinatinD. emphasis
56. A. inspiratinsB. lessnsC. inferencesD. cmparisns
57. A. eliminateB. mnitrC. imitateD. generate
58. A. rejectedB. cncludedC. recalledD. cnfessed
59. A. high-statusB. secretC. religiusD. peaceful
60. A. cnclusinB. evidenceC. respectD. slutin
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
Earlier this year I tk a trip t England and France t g see sme friends. It was a wnderful trip; I really lved it. But ne thing that struck me was hw different these cultures are frm ur wn. I guess this wuld strike any traveler because that is the first thing yu ntice and it is what makes travel s exciting. Of curse, these cultures are als similar t urs in many respects, but it’s the differences that really stand ut.
One f the things that struck me in particular was the different attitudes twards smking. As yu knw there’s a grwing anti-smking sentiment in Eurpe. Hwever, when I went t England and France, I gt a new perspective n this issue. Peple seem t smke anywhere and everywhere, even thugh anti-smking signs are all ver public places. On the radi, I heard abut a member f the Wrld Cup sccer team wh smked. And peple were actually saying, “Well, he shuld nt be n the team because he’s a bad example fr ur children.” I think, if they want t lk at bad examples fr their children, they shuld just g ut n the street, r g int the subways, r lk in the mirrr, even, because s many f them are smking in very inapprpriate places. I visited a restaurant buffet in Lndn and saw an English wman scping up the fd with a lit cigarette in her hand. Smke rising int the air. Actually, when I talked t English peple later, they were pretty shcked t, and they said that smking in a restaurant is rude even by British standards.
This did nt give me a bad impressin f English peple. It gave me, n the cntrary, a psitive feeling tward American smkers. There are a lt f American smkers wh will prclaim their right t smke whenever they want, but they will fllw the rules, generally, because they have cnsideratin fr nnsmkers. S this experience in Eurpe gave me mre f a respect fr this kind f smker.
61. What surprised the writer during his trip t England and France?
A. The wnderful trip t England and France.
B. Cultural differences that he nticed during his trip.
C. Similarity between cultures stands ut mre than differences.
D. Grwing anti-smking views in Eurpe.
62. What did the speaker find in England and France abut the smking issue?
A. Peple discuss the smking issue n the radi.
B Smkers are allwed t smke anywhere and anytime.
C. Peple are encuraged t smke in inapprpriate places.
D. Many smkers pay n attentin t the “N Smking” signs.
63. The wrd “sentiment” in the secnd paragraph means ______.
A. feelingB. mvementC. ffenseD. regulatin
64. What kind f smkers des the speaker respect?
A. Thse wh are frm America and Eurpe.B. Thse wh respect thers’ feelings.
C. Thse wh defend the right t smke.D. Thse wh set rules f smking in public places.
(B)
One f the mst well-knwn figures f American histry, Thmas Jeffersn was the third President f the United States and the authr f the Declaratin f Independence. His life was an inspiring ne and at the same time a little bit cntradictry t his statements and way f living life, and thus he has frmed the subject f a lt f authrs’ bks.
65. If ne wants t knw Thmas Jeffersn’s experience in his whle life, ______ is mst highly recmmended.
A. “Jeffersn and His Time”B. “American Sphinx”C. “The Art f Pwer”D. nne f the abve
66. Having read “American Sphinx”, yu may ______.
A. learn hw Thmas gt thrugh his childhd in details
B. understand why Thmas’ wrds and deeds were nt always matched
C. knw hw rdinary peple criticize r idlize him
D. learn hw Jeffersn frmed the wrld arund him and addressed situatins
67. One prblem abut “The Art f Pwer” is that readers ______.
A. may feel bred while they are reading it
B. cannt get a cmplete descriptin f Thmas’ life
C. learn Thmas’ plitical life mainly frm histrians’ perspective
D. cannt get an bjective pint f view abut Thmas’ gift
(C)
What will the develpment f quantum cmputers (量子计算机) mean fr ur civilizatins? Oh sure, better cryptgraphy (密码方式), “mre pwerful” prcessing, but bttm line, we just dn’t
This phenmenn isn’t unique t quantum cmputing, f curse. It’s smething we see time and again with all new wrld-changing technlgy. In sme ways, it’s hw we can define a technlgy as wrld-changing: everyne agrees it’s ging t be hugely imprtant, but nbdy can predict exactly what impact it will have.
The internet remains the classic example. Althugh invented in the 1960s, even by the late 1990s, the internet was still being dismissed as smething that is fashinable but unlikely t last. Mst cmmentatrs thught it nthing mre than a curisity.
There’s a famus 1999 interview between David Bwie and BBC jurnalist Jeremy Paxman. In it, Bwie predicts that the internet will change the nature f music, and remve the “barriers between creatr and audience”. The lnger he spke, the mre Paxman said in anger that Bwie culd pssibly believe this abut the internet.
T be fair t Paxman, in 1999, internet at hme meant accessing it ver a mdem. Cncepts like WeChat and Netflix and mre simply culd nt wrk ver such limited bandwidth. But there were still sme peple wh assumed that bandwidth wuld increase and that streaming music and vide wuld be pssible sn enugh. They were laughed at.
Oddly enugh, as the dt-cm bm intensified, many turned frm dubters t hpeless ptimists, and lst serius mney building websites t deliver cntent that simply culdn’t “fit” dwn the inter-tubes f the day.
Then in the secnd decade f the 21st century: critical mass. Bandwidth increased massively. Frget shwing a nice little vide in yur brwser, tday Netflix can serve yu a TV shw in 4K, as lng as yu have 25Mbps cnnectin.
Quantum cmputing isn’t a cnsumer technlgy, f curse. It’s a much bigger deal than that. Quantum cmputing is mre like the inventin f the transistr (电子晶体). Sure, mst peple have heard f it, but few understand it. Actually, we dn’t even really understand it. But we’re reasnably cmfrtable that when a lab has that many scanning electrn micrscpes, it must be ding smething imprtant, right?
Quantum cmputing is still at the stage f “hit it with a hammer until it wrks”. Sure the hammer is micrscpic, and als a laser r magnetic field f sme kind, but the pint is we’re ging thrugh the prcess f turning the idea int reality.
Sner than yu think, thugh, qubit-based cmputers are ging t get applied t stuff. What stuff? Like always, it will be super secret stuff first. Then it will reach the rest f us.
This is hw the wrld begins. Nt with a bang, but with a lt f extremely hard wrk behind the scenes.
68. What attitude did mst peple take twards the internet in the 1990s?
A. Optimistic.B. Uncncerned.C. Dubtful.D. Defensive.
69. The example f the internet is intended t illustrate that ______.
A. it is hard t define what is wrld-changing technlgy
B. the internet was universally acknwledged as imprtant
C. the influence f new technlgy is usually unpredictable
D. the internet inspired many debates in the fllwing years
70. By “hit it with a hammer until it wrks”, the writer means that quantum cmputing ______.
A. has been questinedB. has been fully understd
C. hasn’t been heard f befreD. hasn’t been applied t practice
71. What can be cncluded abut new technlgy frm the passage?
A. Its develpment is a gradual prcess.B. Mst is the brainchild f a scientist.
C. Nt all is accessible t the public.D. Its future is ften a tp secret.
Sectin C
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Directins: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given behind. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Living ff grid
When yu need electricity, yu just plug in the machine and switch it n. If yu need water, yu turn n the tap. ____72____ Fr many peple, these facilities are the basics f civilized sciety and the idea f living withut them seems risky. Yet fr a grwing number f peple, the idea f living ff grid — withut electricity, water r sewage — is an increasingly attractive lifestyle.
Off-gridders d nt have t give up electricity r a mdern lifestyle — sme chse t, but mst use small hydrelectric pwer systems, slar panels r windmills t generate enugh pwer fr their needs. Heating and cking needs are met by slar energy r wd burning systems, and tilet facilities range frm nn-water tilets t utside cmpst tilets. ____73____ It ranges frm traditinal yurts (a type f tent) t luxury huse with high-speed internet and central heating. Whether they live in simple hmes r luxury huses, what they all have in cmmn is that their lifestyles d nt create any pllutin r carbn emissins — the ultimate gal fr ff-gridders.
Arund 100,000 peple are thught t be living ff grid in the UK nw. ____74____ They grw their wn fd, hme-schl their children and prvide their wn medical care. They are peple wh have been priced ut f the husing market r wh have grwn disillusined with what mdern sciety can ffer and wh decides that an alternative lifestyle isn’t a pipe dream, but a viable ptin.
A part frm living an alternative lifestyle, cst is a big factr in chsing t live ff-grid. Off-grid huses are far cheaper t build than rdinary hmes since they dn’t need t be cnnected t the electricity r water supplies and even rad access is nt necessary. Materials tend t be cheaper, t. Ppular ptins include straw r ld tyres and cement.
Surprisingly, the biggest prblem ff-gridders face is nt building their hmes r becming self-sufficient but getting permissin t build. Rural areas away frm twn are the perfect chice but these are ften prtected by law frm cnstructin f any kind r have building restrictins. There are nw several websites dedicated t land-sharing s that the csts f buying land and getting permissin can be shared, and there are increasing numbers f ff-grid cmmunities. ____75____ Off-gridding culd sn be cmmn all ver Eurpe and America.
A. Many are self-sufficient, nt just prviding their wn electricity, water and sewage systems, but in all aspects.
B. After yu use the tilet, yu flush it and the waste disappears.
C. This shift frm individual t grup ff-gridding reflects the fact that the trend is grwing nticeably.
D. They live in a huge variety f types f accmmdatin.
E. Living ff-grid still has a lng way t g befre it becmes a mainstream way f living.
F. Rather than building permanent hmes, vans r mbile hmes r even ld shipping cntainers are ther ptins.
第Ⅱ卷
Sectin A (1’×20=20’)
(A)
Directins: Fill in the blanks with the prper frm f the given verbs.
Rbt Chef Learns t Twirl (旋转) Pizza Like a Pr
Pizza has a prud histry f fueling late-night lab wrk, and scientists in Naples—an Italian city famus fr its pizza—have easy access t sme f the wrld’s tastiest take-ut. But what inspires engineer Brun Sicilian is nt that first bite ___76___ much as hw the dish is made.
“Preparing a pizza invlves an extrardinary level f agility and dexterity (敏捷和灵巧),” says Sicilian, wh directs a rbtics research grup at the University f Naples Federic Ⅱ. Stretching a defrmable bject like a lump f dugh (面团) requires an accurate and gentle tuch. It is ne f the few things humans can handle, but rbts cannt—yet.
Sicilian’s team ___77___ (develp) a rbt able t make a pizza pie. RDyMan (shrt fr Rbtic Dynamic Manipulatin) is a five-year prject ___78___ (supprt) by a €2.5-millin grant frm the Eurpean Research Cuncil. Like a human chef, RDyMan must thrw the dugh int the air t stretch it, ___79___ (fllw) it as it spins and anticipating hw it will change shape.
RDyMan has been wrking this spring tward a milestne: stretching the dugh ___80___ tearing it. T guide the rbt, Sicilian’s team asked master pizza chef Enz Cccia t wear a suit f mvement-tracking sensrs. “We learn [Cccia’s] mtins, and we cpy them with RDyMan,” Scilian says.
RDyMan uses visual sensrs in its head t track the dugh in real time. Using sftware, it can train ___81___ t handle the pizza like a chef wuld. The rbt ___82___ (map) the dugh’s psitin and tracks hw it mves. Thrugh practice, the rbt ___83___ get better—much like humans develp “muscle memry.” Researchers hpe RDyMan’s technlgy can lead t a new generatin f rbts that will perfrm tasks in ways ___84___ are accurate and respnsive, if nt mre lifelike.
Yet Sicilian admits that _____85_____ cmpares with a traditinal chef. “I wuld never eat a pizza made by a rbt,” he says. “It wuld nt have the taste a real pizzail, with his sul, wuld put in it.”
(B)
Directins: Fill in the blanks with the prper frm f the given verbs.
Talking t yur therapist ver Zm is as helpful fr anxiety and depressin as ging t in-persn therapy. The virtual sessin, mrever, can be delivered at lwer csts, accrding t a new study cnducted in the U.K.
Online therapy has becme mre and mre prevalent since the COVID pandemic, ____86____ lckdwns frced lts f therapists nline. The new study suggests that ne f the biggest benefits f virtual therapy ____87____ be that it can allw peple t get treatment faster, which increases their quality f life and reduces the amunt f additinal medical care they require.
“The actual cst f mental health care desn’t cme frm treating these cnditins ____88____ frm nt treating them,” says c-authr Ana Catarin.
Questins emerge abut ____89____ t deliver mental health interventins nline best. Catarin and her team cmpared ies’s Internet-delivered CBT, which featured a therapist wrking ne-n-ne with patients thrugh a text chat, ____90____ the ther services fr anxiety and depressin ffered by the NHS, which cvered a variety f therapies.
The findings shwed that nline therapy was ____91____ (effective) than the ther frms f care. What was mst interesting was why. The researchers fund that patients wh were ffered the therapist-guided CBT prgram gt treatment faster. As a result, their quality f life imprved mre quickly, and they used fewer ther medical services.
The paper is likely t “make a big splash” because the authrs shwed that the success f the virtual CBT prgram was linked t the fact that it prvided patients with a therapist’s guidance every step f the way.
It’s nt surprising that virtual therapy wrks well, says Haim Weinberg, a licensed psychlgist. Studies utside the U.K. have fund the same, he says. But there is still sme bias ____92____ virtual therapy as smehw secnd-best, and there are nt yet many ____93____ (establish) training prgrams t get mental health prfessinals cmfrtable with prviding care nline.
Virtual care wn’t be right fr every persn, but the new study’s results suggest the need t expand access _____94_____ patients aren’t left waiting fr help. These findings stress the imprtance f develping clinical interventins that _____95_____ (prve) t be effective and that can be used at scale t match the demand we knw.
Sectin C (3’+3’+4’+5’=15)
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
96. 这家餐馆规定，每季度更换一次菜单，以吸引更多顾客。(appeal)(汉译英)
97. 青少年在和同龄人互动时往往能接触到新想法。(expse)(汉译英)
98. 学习策略因人而异，取决于很多因素，最重要的是奏效。(matter V.)(汉译英)
99. 毫无疑问，不管人类文明有多么发达，如果生态平衡被打破，过不了多久我们就会自食其果。(it)(汉译英)
A. referring B. refresh C. pin D. ccurred E. acknwledging
F. identify G. drain H. discuraged I. specific J. negative
K. specifically
A．efficiency B．emply C．effective D．chemicals E．accelerating
F．existing G．prjected H．trapped I．pwer J．simultaneusly
K．artificially
Jeffersn and his time
This is a Bigraphy f the life f Jeffersn published in 6 vlumes ver a very lng perid f 34 years staring frm 1948 till 1982.
Read it Fr:
It is an entire cllectin intrducing all aspects f Jeffersn’s life in great details frm his childhd till his last days. Fr histry enthusiasts, this is a wnderful bk that will give yu insight int the life f ne f the mst memrable American leaders.
Dn’t Read it Fr:
This series is a bigraphy and strictly a wrk f nn-fictin. It is reading abut the life f a persn and might get bring fr sme.
American Sphinx
An interesting yet strange bk, this piece f writing is nt an attempt t shed light n the life f Jeffersn but rather an attempt t understand his mind. Jeffersn was ne wh spke smething but did the cmplete ppsite f it.
Read it Fr:
This bk tries t analyze Jeffersn’s life but des nt d it in a way that criticizes him r idlizes him. This Natinal Award winning bk perfectly balances the act f examining smene’s acts and general behavir and trying t figure ut the reasn behind his cntradictry statements and acts.
Dn’t Read it Fr:
If yu are searching fr a bk abut Jeffersn’s life, this is nt fr yu. It cvers a few events f his life, nt his entire life.
This Plitical Bigraphy by Meacham takes yu n a jurney int the wrld that Jeffersn lived in and saw it thrugh his eyes. It shws hw Jeffersn frmed the wrld arund him and handled situatins and peple t shape the American plitical system as it is tday.
The Art f Pwer
Read it Fr:
The depth with which this bk is written is cmmendable. It is nted that the wrk dne by Meacham in this bk puts yu inside Jeffersn’s head and makes yu understand what it wuld be like t be Jeffersn.
Dn’t Read it Fr:
While this bk shws the genius f Jeffersn, it can cme ff as bias, shwing Jeffersn in a very psitive light and his ppnents in a very negative light.
(本试卷满分150分，120分钟完成。)
第Ⅰ卷(115’)
Ⅰ. Listening Cmprehensin (25’)
Sectin A (10’)
Directins: In Sectin A, yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers. At the end f each cnversatin, a questin will be asked abut what was said. The cnversatins and the questins will be spken nly nce. After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
1．A．He desn’t like cking. B．He makes very gd desserts.
C．He isn’t careful when preparing fd. D．He cks fr the Spanish club quite ften.
2．A．She already tld the man abut her plans. B．She recently visited a different university.
C．She desn’t plan t cntinue studying next year. D．She isn’t planning t transfer t anther university.
3．A．Start cleaning sner. B．Hire a cleaning service.
C．Have his party at a different place. D．Wait a while befre giving anther party.
4．A．She prefers t remain indrs. B．She has the same health prblem the man has.
C．She desn’t think the man is sincere. D．She desn’t understand what the man said.
5．A．He used leftvers in the sup. B．He intentinally cked a lt f sup.
C．He desn’t like leftvers either. D．He has invited many peple t the party.
6．A．The man desn’t need a new bicycle. B．She desn’t knw hw t fix a bicycle.
C．She can’t help the man make his decisin. D．A bicycle isn’t a safe methd f transprtatin.
7．A．Ed is happy with his jb. B．The bss plans t give Ed a raise in salary.
C．The bss hasn’t treated Ed fairly. D．Ed isn’t as gd a wrker as the bss thinks.
8．A．She left wrk after the man. B．It nly rained in a small area.
C．She desn’t mind driving in the dwnpur. D．She was unable t fllw the man’s directins.
9．A．It isn’t necessary t attend the lecture. B．Eating in the lecture hall is prhibited.
C．There isn’t enugh time t eat dessert. D．The lecture prbably wn’t start n time.
10．A．She wants t buy a car frm Matthew.
B．She desn’t think that Oakville is very far.
C．She thinks the man misunderstd what she said.
D．She didn’t knw that Matthew planned t mve t Oakville.
Sectin B (15’)
Directins: In Sectin B, yu will hear tw shrt passages and a lnger cnversatin, and yu will be asked sme questins n the passages and the cnversatin. The passages and the cnversatin will be read twice, but he questins will be spken nly nce. When yu hear a questin, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
Questins 11 thrugh 13 are based n the fllwing talk.
11．A．Sme mnkeys have been well prtected. B．Sme mnkeys are changing their clurs.
C．Sme mnkeys are threatened with extinctin. D．Sme mnkeys have becme humans’ enemies.
12．A．It can make mnkeys lk darker. B．It can be fund in mst mnkey species.
C．It cntains a strng-smelling chemical. D．It is less harmful than melanin.
13．A．The sulphur they take in. B．The ec-friendly farming.
C．The decline in their enemies. D．The delivery f their babies.
Questins 14 thrugh 16 are based n the fllwing passage.
14．A．It was first published in 1768. B．Mdern science was ne f its themes.
C．It was made up f 10 vlume when cmpleted. D．The Scttish created it t publicize Scttish culture.
15．A．6. B．7. C．8. D．9.
16．A．T explain hw the Encyclpedia Britannica has been digitized.
B．T aruse listeners’ curisity abut the Encyclpedia Britannica.
C．T illustrate the rle that the Encyclpedia Britannica has played.
D．T call fr mre help with the recvery f the Encyclpedia Britannica.
Questins 17 thrugh 20 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
17．A．Writing a stry. B．A jewelry stre rbbery.
C．Buying a birthday present. D．Ding research fr a class assignment.
18．A．Her prfessr did nt like her stry. B．She had truble finishing her assignment.
C．She did nt like the tpic she had chsen fr her paper. D．She was taking t many curses.
19．A．Take sme extra time. B．D a writing exercise.
C．D sme wrk fr anther curse. D．Write the stry ending first.
20．A．T g shpping. B．T meet with her prfessr.
C．T d research fr her stry. D．T take a break frm her wrk.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vcabulary
Sectin A (1’×10=10’)
Directins: Beneath each f the fllwing sentences there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D．Chse the ne answer that best cmpletes the sentence.
1. The glbe features thusands f languages. But when did humans first lay ut a structured system t cmmunicate, ne that was distinct t a(n) ______ area?
A. especialB. particularC. peculiarD. special
2. Adults are ften embarrassed abut asking fr aid. The mment yu ask fr directins, ______ yu reveal that yu are vulnerable.
A. abve allB. wrst f allC. after allD. at all
3. Until relatively recently, psychlgists assumed that children did nt start t care abut their reputatin and peers’ ______ until arund age nine.
A. perceptinsB. prescriptinsC. receptinsD. descriptins
4. When eclgist Kasun handled feathers frm the Regent Whistler and the Rufus-naped Bellbird, tw txic birds, his eyes itched like he was chpping nins. Whatever the ______, string the txin in feathers may help prtect the birds against parasites.
A. reasnB. surceC. riginD. resurce
5. It’s midafternn. Yu’re full frm lunch. The day is warm. Yu’re starting t feel sleepy. Shuld yu ______ t the cmfrt f a nap?
A. give upB. give awayC. give ffD. give in
6. Study after study has shwn that spending a night withut sleep prduces md benefits fr abut half f the peple with depressin. The effects f this ______, dubbed “wake therapy”, ffer the bnus f being immediate, unlike mst antidepressants, which require a few weeks t wrk.
A. apprachB. shiftC. termD. applicatin
7. The structure f benzene (苯), Ggle and Frankenstein: What d these icns f science, technlgy and literature all share? They are amng the numerus discveries and inventins that are said t have been ______ thrugh the act f dreaming.
A. stimulatedB. mtivatedC. inspiredD. activated
8. A study has shwn that the current versin f ChatGPT is cmparable, r even superir, t students in nearly 30 percent f curses. The findings are far frm the first t suggest that generative AI mdels can excel at assessments that are typically ______ fr humans.
A. reslvedB. reservedC. preservedD. cnserved
9. The sun is white — kind f. It depends n yur ______ f clr, the way clrs wrk, the way ur eyes see and, just as imprtantly, the air we see thrugh.
A. illuminatinB. interpretatinC. reflectinD. illustratin
10. Dark energy permeates the empty part f the universe — the vacuum. Whatever “it” is, it ______ a repulsive frce that pushes everything apart and pulls against gravity.
A. stretchesB. exertsC. substitutesD. facilitates
Sectin B (1’×20=20’)
(A)
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Make a Wish List
Mst f us knw f New Year’s Reslutins, where ne sets intentins fr the year ahead. But t ften, peple make their reslutins ____11____ — “I will n lnger eat biscuits left at my desk”— and then feel unhappy. In the cld mnth f January, the last thing yu need is t ____12____ yur energy further by setting up a series f battles with yurself. And if yu break a reslutin, yu feel ____13____, which is a rubbish way t start the year. What yu need instead are things t lk frward t.
S instead, try a wish list. This invlves writing dwn 100 things yu wuld like t d in the year ahead. The items can be enrmus r tiny, ranging frm “Climb Everest” t “buy a new pencil sharper”. The main thing is that at sme pint it has ____14____ t yu as smething that yu wuld like t d.
The key here is — write it dwn.
D yu feel any resistance t the ideas? If s, ask yurself why. What is wrng with ____15____ what yu wuld like t d? Try nt t say t yurself: “I can’t I dn’t have the mney/time/energy/skills.” Just write it dwn.
It helps t be ____16____, s rather than “Get utdrs”, ____17____ a place yu wuld like t visit. And take yur time when creating it — a wish list is nt built in a day. Think abut it, plish it and ____18____ it.
Finally, yu have yur list. And what a wrk f beauty it is. Here are all the things that yu wuld like t d. Remember t ____19____ them up where yu can see them; let yurself cnsider hw they can be accmplished. Yu’ll be amazed that s many f yur dreams can be realized thugh the simple trick f writing them dwn and _____20_____ t them.
(B)
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
This past July was the httest recrded mnth in human histry. Heat waves smashed temperature recrds wrldwide and even brught summer temperatures t Chile and Argentina during the Suthern Hemisphere’s winter. It’s mre than just a matter f sweaty discmfrt. In the U.S. alne, it kills mre peple each year than flds, trnades and hurricanes cmbined. As climate change wrsens, access t ____21____ cled spaces is rapidly becming a health necessity.
Yet standard air-cnditining systems have ____22____ us in a vicius cycle: the htter it is, the mre peple use the AC—and the mre energy is used as a result. Nicle Miranda, an engineer researching sustainable cling at the University f Oxfrd says: “it’s nt nly a vicius cycle, but it’s a(n) ____23____ ne.” Accrding t 2018 data frm the Internatinal Energy Agency (IEA), the wrldwide annual energy demand frm cling is ____24____ t mre than triple by 2050.
It’s becming increasingly clear that humans cannt utrun climate change with the same air-cnditining technlgy we’ve been using. One well-knwn prblem with current AC systems is their reliance n refrigerant ____25____, many f which are ptential greenhuse gases. Abut 80 percent f a standard AC unit’s climate-warming emissins currently cme frm the energy used t ____26____ it, says Nihar Shah, directr f the Glbal Cling Efficiency Prgram at Lawrence Berkeley Natinal Labratry.
Standard air-cnditining systems ____27____ cl and dehumidify thrugh a relatively inefficient mechanism: in rder t cndense water ut f the air, they vercl that air past the pint f cmfrt. Many new designs therefre separate the dehumidificatin and cling prcesses, which avids the need t vercl.
Even with sme f the best technlgies available, the gains in ____28____ alne might nt be enugh t ffset the widely expected increase in air-cnditining use. It will nt wrk t simply replace every ____29____ air cnditiner with a better mdel and call it a day. Instead, a truly cler future will have t ____30____ ther strategies that rely n urban planning and building design t minimize the need fr cling in the first place.
Ⅲ. Reading Cmprehensin (60’)
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
(A)
Experiencing ccasinal anxiety is a nrmal part f life. Hwever, anxiety disrders, defined by extreme fear, restlessness, and muscle tensin, can increase the risk fr ___31___ and self-murder.
They are sme f the mst cmmn mental health cnditins arund the wrld, ___32___ arund fur ut f every 100 peple and csting the health care system and jb emplyers ver US $42 billin each year.
Peple with anxiety are mre likely t miss days frm wrk and are less ___33___. Yung peple with anxiety are als less likely t enter schl and cmplete it, leading t fewer life ___34___. Even thugh this evidence pints t anxiety disrders as being imprtant mental health issues, insufficient ___35___ is being given t them by researchers, clinicians, and plicy makers.
My team and I at the University f Cambridge wanted t find ut wh is mst affected by anxiety disrders. T d this, we cnducted a systematic ___36___ f studies that reprted n the prprtin f peple with anxiety in a variety f cntexts arund the wrld, and used accurate methds t keep the highest quality studies.
Our results shwed wmen are almst twice as likely t ___37___ anxiety as men and peple living in Eurpe and Nrth America are disprprtinately affected.
S why are wmen mre ___38___? It culd be because f differences in brain chemistry and hrmne (荷尔蒙) variatins. Reprductive events acrss a wman’s life are ___39___ with hrmnal changes, which have been linked t anxiety. The rise in estrgen (雌激素) that ccurs during pregnancy can ___40___ the risk fr uncntrllable disrder.
This is ___41___ by disturbing and repetitive thughts, impulses and addictins that are upsetting and less effective. But in additin t bilgical mechanisms, wmen and men seem t experience and react t events in their life ___42___. Wmen tend t be mre likely t stress, which can increase their anxiety. Als, when faced with stressful situatins, wmen and men tend t use different cping ___43___. Wmen faced with life stressrs are mre likely t think abut them seriusly, which can increase their anxiety, ___44___ men engage mre in active prblem-fcused cping.
Other studies suggest that wmen are mre likely t ___45___ physical and mental mistreatment than men, and this behavir has been linked t the develpment f anxiety disrders.
31. A. symptmB. depressinC. miseryD. frightening
32. A. infectingB. stimulatingC. capturingD. affecting
33. A. prductiveB. prgressiveC. psitiveD. passive
34. A. adventuresB. insurancesC. chancesD. prgrams
35. A. cnclusinB. attentinC. slutinD. cntributin
36. A. ignranceB. utlkC. discveryD. review
37. A. suffer frmB. deal withC. fight againstD. result frm
38. A. superirB. inferirC. vulnerableD. enrmus
39. A. interactedB. assciatedC. discnnectedD. inherited
40. A. challengeB. declineC. eliminateD. increase
41. A. characterizedB. cnfusedC. perfrmedD. ffended
42. A. equallyB. similarlyC. differentlyD. terribly
43. A. shrtcutsB. strategiesC. standardsD. samples
44. A. becauseB. unlessC. ifD. while
45. A. experienceB. acceptC. ignreD. persist
(B)
In 1968 a grave dating frm abut 1100 was uncvered near Hattula, in Finland, Little remained f the ccupant’s skeletn, but the inhumatin included tw swrds and a knife. Such grave gds wuld nrmally suggest said ccupant was a man. The skeletn was, ___46___ als decrated with brches (胸针) and wllen clthing f types mre usually wrn at the time by wmen. This ___47___ guess that the burial was actually f a pwerful wman, pssibly a lcal ruler in her wn right rather than just the wife f a male king.
This wuld be ntewrthy enugh. But a re-examinatin f the remains, just published in the Eurpean Jurnal f Archaelgy by Ulla Milanen f the University f Turku and Elina Salmela f the University f Helsinki, suggests the truth may be yet mre ___48___. Ms. Milanen and Dr Salmela suspect that the individual ___49___ may have had utward characteristics f bth a man and a wman.
In 1968 wrking ut the ___50___ f a skeletn in an ancient grave was tricky. After years f deteriratin, the bnes f men and wmen lk pretty much ___51___. But that was befre the use f DNA became pssible. S Ms. Milanen and Dr Salmela thught it wrth trying again.
Mst peple have tw sex chrmsmes (染色体): XX in wmen and XY in men. Find DNA frm a Y-chrmsme in a skeletn and the chances are the bdy was ___52___. And, lking at a fragment f femur brught t her by Ms. Milanen, wh is the archaelgist in the ___53___, Dr. Salmela, wh is the geneticist, did indeed find such DNA. But nt much f it. That led her t wnder abut cntaminatin (污染), but als t cnsider whether the individual in the grave had had a(n) ___54___ X-chrmsme that was swamping the signal frm the Y.
Having an abnrmal number f sex chrmsmes is rare, but nt vanishingly s. The particular ___55___ XXY leads t what is knwn as Klinefelter’s syndrme. T determine the ccupant’s karytype (染色体组型) frm the tiny amunt f DNA available, Dr. Salmela drew ___56___ with living peple. The grave delivered 8,329 pieces, s she used a cmputer t draw samples f similar size frm the genmes f living peple with varius karytypes, including XXY, and als frm mixtures f bth sexes, t ___57___ cntaminatin. She then cmpared these with the DNA frm the grave and ___58___ it was 99.75% prbable the individual cncerned had indeed had Klinefelter’s syndrme.
While Dr Salmela was wrking all this ut, Ms. Milanen and her team had anther lk at the grave. They cnfirmed that it was a ___59___ burial. Fr instance, they fund evidence f fine furs, prbably frm fxes. Clearly, this was a well-respected human being, but what led t that ___60___ in a wrld then dminated by male values is a matter f puzzle. Perhaps the persn came frm a family pwerful enugh fr such things nt t matter.
46. A. therefreB. what’s mreC. neverthelessD. fr instance
47. A. intensifiedB. cnfirmedC. dismissedD. encuraged
48 A. cmplicatedB. engagingC. unpleasantD. frightening
49. A. in questinB. at largeC. by cmparisnD. with dubt
50. A. cmpsitinB. ageC. sexD. rigin
51. A. distinctB. unidentifiedC. alikeD. brken
52. A. femaleB. ldC. yungD. male
53. A. cperatinB. authrityC. instituteD. adventure
54 A. restredB. extraC. missingD. dminant
55. A. requirementB. interestC. cmbinatinD. emphasis
56. A. inspiratinsB. lessnsC. inferencesD. cmparisns
57. A. eliminateB. mnitrC. imitateD. generate
58. A. rejectedB. cncludedC. recalledD. cnfessed
59. A. high-statusB. secretC. religiusD. peaceful
60. A. cnclusinB. evidenceC. respectD. slutin
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
Earlier this year I tk a trip t England and France t g see sme friends. It was a wnderful trip; I really lved it. But ne thing that struck me was hw different these cultures are frm ur wn. I guess this wuld strike any traveler because that is the first thing yu ntice and it is what makes travel s exciting. Of curse, these cultures are als similar t urs in many respects, but it’s the differences that really stand ut.
One f the things that struck me in particular was the different attitudes twards smking. As yu knw there’s a grwing anti-smking sentiment in Eurpe. Hwever, when I went t England and France, I gt a new perspective n this issue. Peple seem t smke anywhere and everywhere, even thugh anti-smking signs are all ver public places. On the radi, I heard abut a member f the Wrld Cup sccer team wh smked. And peple were actually saying, “Well, he shuld nt be n the team because he’s a bad example fr ur children.” I think, if they want t lk at bad examples fr their children, they shuld just g ut n the street, r g int the subways, r lk in the mirrr, even, because s many f them are smking in very inapprpriate places. I visited a restaurant buffet in Lndn and saw an English wman scping up the fd with a lit cigarette in her hand. Smke rising int the air. Actually, when I talked t English peple later, they were pretty shcked t, and they said that smking in a restaurant is rude even by British standards.
This did nt give me a bad impressin f English peple. It gave me, n the cntrary, a psitive feeling tward American smkers. There are a lt f American smkers wh will prclaim their right t smke whenever they want, but they will fllw the rules, generally, because they have cnsideratin fr nnsmkers. S this experience in Eurpe gave me mre f a respect fr this kind f smker.
61. What surprised the writer during his trip t England and France?
A. The wnderful trip t England and France.
B. Cultural differences that he nticed during his trip.
C. Similarity between cultures stands ut mre than differences.
D. Grwing anti-smking views in Eurpe.
62. What did the speaker find in England and France abut the smking issue?
A. Peple discuss the smking issue n the radi.
B Smkers are allwed t smke anywhere and anytime.
C. Peple are encuraged t smke in inapprpriate places.
D. Many smkers pay n attentin t the “N Smking” signs.
63. The wrd “sentiment” in the secnd paragraph means ______.
A. feelingB. mvementC. ffenseD. regulatin
64. What kind f smkers des the speaker respect?
A. Thse wh are frm America and Eurpe.B. Thse wh respect thers’ feelings.
C. Thse wh defend the right t smke.D. Thse wh set rules f smking in public places.
(B)
One f the mst well-knwn figures f American histry, Thmas Jeffersn was the third President f the United States and the authr f the Declaratin f Independence. His life was an inspiring ne and at the same time a little bit cntradictry t his statements and way f living life, and thus he has frmed the subject f a lt f authrs’ bks.
65. If ne wants t knw Thmas Jeffersn’s experience in his whle life, ______ is mst highly recmmended.
A. “Jeffersn and His Time”B. “American Sphinx”C. “The Art f Pwer”D. nne f the abve
66. Having read “American Sphinx”, yu may ______.
A. learn hw Thmas gt thrugh his childhd in details
B. understand why Thmas’ wrds and deeds were nt always matched
C. knw hw rdinary peple criticize r idlize him
D. learn hw Jeffersn frmed the wrld arund him and addressed situatins
67. One prblem abut “The Art f Pwer” is that readers ______.
A. may feel bred while they are reading it
B. cannt get a cmplete descriptin f Thmas’ life
C. learn Thmas’ plitical life mainly frm histrians’ perspective
D. cannt get an bjective pint f view abut Thmas’ gift
(C)
What will the develpment f quantum cmputers (量子计算机) mean fr ur civilizatins? Oh sure, better cryptgraphy (密码方式), “mre pwerful” prcessing, but bttm line, we just dn’t
This phenmenn isn’t unique t quantum cmputing, f curse. It’s smething we see time and again with all new wrld-changing technlgy. In sme ways, it’s hw we can define a technlgy as wrld-changing: everyne agrees it’s ging t be hugely imprtant, but nbdy can predict exactly what impact it will have.
The internet remains the classic example. Althugh invented in the 1960s, even by the late 1990s, the internet was still being dismissed as smething that is fashinable but unlikely t last. Mst cmmentatrs thught it nthing mre than a curisity.
There’s a famus 1999 interview between David Bwie and BBC jurnalist Jeremy Paxman. In it, Bwie predicts that the internet will change the nature f music, and remve the “barriers between creatr and audience”. The lnger he spke, the mre Paxman said in anger that Bwie culd pssibly believe this abut the internet.
T be fair t Paxman, in 1999, internet at hme meant accessing it ver a mdem. Cncepts like WeChat and Netflix and mre simply culd nt wrk ver such limited bandwidth. But there were still sme peple wh assumed that bandwidth wuld increase and that streaming music and vide wuld be pssible sn enugh. They were laughed at.
Oddly enugh, as the dt-cm bm intensified, many turned frm dubters t hpeless ptimists, and lst serius mney building websites t deliver cntent that simply culdn’t “fit” dwn the inter-tubes f the day.
Then in the secnd decade f the 21st century: critical mass. Bandwidth increased massively. Frget shwing a nice little vide in yur brwser, tday Netflix can serve yu a TV shw in 4K, as lng as yu have 25Mbps cnnectin.
Quantum cmputing isn’t a cnsumer technlgy, f curse. It’s a much bigger deal than that. Quantum cmputing is mre like the inventin f the transistr (电子晶体). Sure, mst peple have heard f it, but few understand it. Actually, we dn’t even really understand it. But we’re reasnably cmfrtable that when a lab has that many scanning electrn micrscpes, it must be ding smething imprtant, right?
Quantum cmputing is still at the stage f “hit it with a hammer until it wrks”. Sure the hammer is micrscpic, and als a laser r magnetic field f sme kind, but the pint is we’re ging thrugh the prcess f turning the idea int reality.
Sner than yu think, thugh, qubit-based cmputers are ging t get applied t stuff. What stuff? Like always, it will be super secret stuff first. Then it will reach the rest f us.
This is hw the wrld begins. Nt with a bang, but with a lt f extremely hard wrk behind the scenes.
68. What attitude did mst peple take twards the internet in the 1990s?
A. Optimistic.B. Uncncerned.C. Dubtful.D. Defensive.
69. The example f the internet is intended t illustrate that ______.
A. it is hard t define what is wrld-changing technlgy
B. the internet was universally acknwledged as imprtant
C. the influence f new technlgy is usually unpredictable
D. the internet inspired many debates in the fllwing years
70. By “hit it with a hammer until it wrks”, the writer means that quantum cmputing ______.
A. has been questinedB. has been fully understd
C. hasn’t been heard f befreD. hasn’t been applied t practice
71. What can be cncluded abut new technlgy frm the passage?
A. Its develpment is a gradual prcess.B. Mst is the brainchild f a scientist.
C. Nt all is accessible t the public.D. Its future is ften a tp secret.
Sectin C
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Directins: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given behind. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Living ff grid
When yu need electricity, yu just plug in the machine and switch it n. If yu need water, yu turn n the tap. ____72____ Fr many peple, these facilities are the basics f civilized sciety and the idea f living withut them seems risky. Yet fr a grwing number f peple, the idea f living ff grid — withut electricity, water r sewage — is an increasingly attractive lifestyle.
Off-gridders d nt have t give up electricity r a mdern lifestyle — sme chse t, but mst use small hydrelectric pwer systems, slar panels r windmills t generate enugh pwer fr their needs. Heating and cking needs are met by slar energy r wd burning systems, and tilet facilities range frm nn-water tilets t utside cmpst tilets. ____73____ It ranges frm traditinal yurts (a type f tent) t luxury huse with high-speed internet and central heating. Whether they live in simple hmes r luxury huses, what they all have in cmmn is that their lifestyles d nt create any pllutin r carbn emissins — the ultimate gal fr ff-gridders.
Arund 100,000 peple are thught t be living ff grid in the UK nw. ____74____ They grw their wn fd, hme-schl their children and prvide their wn medical care. They are peple wh have been priced ut f the husing market r wh have grwn disillusined with what mdern sciety can ffer and wh decides that an alternative lifestyle isn’t a pipe dream, but a viable ptin.
A part frm living an alternative lifestyle, cst is a big factr in chsing t live ff-grid. Off-grid huses are far cheaper t build than rdinary hmes since they dn’t need t be cnnected t the electricity r water supplies and even rad access is nt necessary. Materials tend t be cheaper, t. Ppular ptins include straw r ld tyres and cement.
Surprisingly, the biggest prblem ff-gridders face is nt building their hmes r becming self-sufficient but getting permissin t build. Rural areas away frm twn are the perfect chice but these are ften prtected by law frm cnstructin f any kind r have building restrictins. There are nw several websites dedicated t land-sharing s that the csts f buying land and getting permissin can be shared, and there are increasing numbers f ff-grid cmmunities. ____75____ Off-gridding culd sn be cmmn all ver Eurpe and America.
A. Many are self-sufficient, nt just prviding their wn electricity, water and sewage systems, but in all aspects.
B. After yu use the tilet, yu flush it and the waste disappears.
C. This shift frm individual t grup ff-gridding reflects the fact that the trend is grwing nticeably.
D. They live in a huge variety f types f accmmdatin.
E. Living ff-grid still has a lng way t g befre it becmes a mainstream way f living.
F. Rather than building permanent hmes, vans r mbile hmes r even ld shipping cntainers are ther ptins.
第Ⅱ卷
Sectin A (1’×20=20’)
(A)
Directins: Fill in the blanks with the prper frm f the given verbs.
Rbt Chef Learns t Twirl (旋转) Pizza Like a Pr
Pizza has a prud histry f fueling late-night lab wrk, and scientists in Naples—an Italian city famus fr its pizza—have easy access t sme f the wrld’s tastiest take-ut. But what inspires engineer Brun Sicilian is nt that first bite ___76___ much as hw the dish is made.
“Preparing a pizza invlves an extrardinary level f agility and dexterity (敏捷和灵巧),” says Sicilian, wh directs a rbtics research grup at the University f Naples Federic Ⅱ. Stretching a defrmable bject like a lump f dugh (面团) requires an accurate and gentle tuch. It is ne f the few things humans can handle, but rbts cannt—yet.
Sicilian’s team ___77___ (develp) a rbt able t make a pizza pie. RDyMan (shrt fr Rbtic Dynamic Manipulatin) is a five-year prject ___78___ (supprt) by a €2.5-millin grant frm the Eurpean Research Cuncil. Like a human chef, RDyMan must thrw the dugh int the air t stretch it, ___79___ (fllw) it as it spins and anticipating hw it will change shape.
RDyMan has been wrking this spring tward a milestne: stretching the dugh ___80___ tearing it. T guide the rbt, Sicilian’s team asked master pizza chef Enz Cccia t wear a suit f mvement-tracking sensrs. “We learn [Cccia’s] mtins, and we cpy them with RDyMan,” Scilian says.
RDyMan uses visual sensrs in its head t track the dugh in real time. Using sftware, it can train ___81___ t handle the pizza like a chef wuld. The rbt ___82___ (map) the dugh’s psitin and tracks hw it mves. Thrugh practice, the rbt ___83___ get better—much like humans develp “muscle memry.” Researchers hpe RDyMan’s technlgy can lead t a new generatin f rbts that will perfrm tasks in ways ___84___ are accurate and respnsive, if nt mre lifelike.
Yet Sicilian admits that _____85_____ cmpares with a traditinal chef. “I wuld never eat a pizza made by a rbt,” he says. “It wuld nt have the taste a real pizzail, with his sul, wuld put in it.”
(B)
Directins: Fill in the blanks with the prper frm f the given verbs.
Talking t yur therapist ver Zm is as helpful fr anxiety and depressin as ging t in-persn therapy. The virtual sessin, mrever, can be delivered at lwer csts, accrding t a new study cnducted in the U.K.
Online therapy has becme mre and mre prevalent since the COVID pandemic, ____86____ lckdwns frced lts f therapists nline. The new study suggests that ne f the biggest benefits f virtual therapy ____87____ be that it can allw peple t get treatment faster, which increases their quality f life and reduces the amunt f additinal medical care they require.
“The actual cst f mental health care desn’t cme frm treating these cnditins ____88____ frm nt treating them,” says c-authr Ana Catarin.
Questins emerge abut ____89____ t deliver mental health interventins nline best. Catarin and her team cmpared ies’s Internet-delivered CBT, which featured a therapist wrking ne-n-ne with patients thrugh a text chat, ____90____ the ther services fr anxiety and depressin ffered by the NHS, which cvered a variety f therapies.
The findings shwed that nline therapy was ____91____ (effective) than the ther frms f care. What was mst interesting was why. The researchers fund that patients wh were ffered the therapist-guided CBT prgram gt treatment faster. As a result, their quality f life imprved mre quickly, and they used fewer ther medical services.
The paper is likely t “make a big splash” because the authrs shwed that the success f the virtual CBT prgram was linked t the fact that it prvided patients with a therapist’s guidance every step f the way.
It’s nt surprising that virtual therapy wrks well, says Haim Weinberg, a licensed psychlgist. Studies utside the U.K. have fund the same, he says. But there is still sme bias ____92____ virtual therapy as smehw secnd-best, and there are nt yet many ____93____ (establish) training prgrams t get mental health prfessinals cmfrtable with prviding care nline.
Virtual care wn’t be right fr every persn, but the new study’s results suggest the need t expand access _____94_____ patients aren’t left waiting fr help. These findings stress the imprtance f develping clinical interventins that _____95_____ (prve) t be effective and that can be used at scale t match the demand we knw.
Sectin C (3’+3’+4’+5’=15)
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
96. 这家餐馆规定，每季度更换一次菜单，以吸引更多顾客。(appeal)(汉译英)
97. 青少年在和同龄人互动时往往能接触到新想法。(expse)(汉译英)
98. 学习策略因人而异，取决于很多因素，最重要的是奏效。(matter V.)(汉译英)
99. 毫无疑问，不管人类文明有多么发达，如果生态平衡被打破，过不了多久我们就会自食其果。(it)(汉译英)
A. referring B. refresh C. pin D. ccurred E. acknwledging
F. identify G. drain H. discuraged I. specific J. negative
K. specifically
A．efficiency B．emply C．effective D．chemicals E．accelerating
F．existing G．prjected H．trapped I．pwer J．simultaneusly
K．artificially
Jeffersn and his time
This is a Bigraphy f the life f Jeffersn published in 6 vlumes ver a very lng perid f 34 years staring frm 1948 till 1982.
Read it Fr:
It is an entire cllectin intrducing all aspects f Jeffersn’s life in great details frm his childhd till his last days. Fr histry enthusiasts, this is a wnderful bk that will give yu insight int the life f ne f the mst memrable American leaders.
Dn’t Read it Fr:
This series is a bigraphy and strictly a wrk f nn-fictin. It is reading abut the life f a persn and might get bring fr sme.
American Sphinx
An interesting yet strange bk, this piece f writing is nt an attempt t shed light n the life f Jeffersn but rather an attempt t understand his mind. Jeffersn was ne wh spke smething but did the cmplete ppsite f it.
Read it Fr:
This bk tries t analyze Jeffersn’s life but des nt d it in a way that criticizes him r idlizes him. This Natinal Award winning bk perfectly balances the act f examining smene’s acts and general behavir and trying t figure ut the reasn behind his cntradictry statements and acts.
Dn’t Read it Fr:
If yu are searching fr a bk abut Jeffersn’s life, this is nt fr yu. It cvers a few events f his life, nt his entire life.
This Plitical Bigraphy by Meacham takes yu n a jurney int the wrld that Jeffersn lived in and saw it thrugh his eyes. It shws hw Jeffersn frmed the wrld arund him and handled situatins and peple t shape the American plitical system as it is tday.
The Art f Pwer
Read it Fr:
The depth with which this bk is written is cmmendable. It is nted that the wrk dne by Meacham in this bk puts yu inside Jeffersn’s head and makes yu understand what it wuld be like t be Jeffersn.
Dn’t Read it Fr:
While this bk shws the genius f Jeffersn, it can cme ff as bias, shwing Jeffersn in a very psitive light and his ppnents in a very negative light.
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