2023-2024学年上海市进才中学高二上学期9月考试英语试卷含答案

这是一份2023-2024学年上海市进才中学高二上学期9月考试英语试卷含答案，文件包含上海市进才中学2023-2024学年高二上学期9月考试英语试卷原卷版docx、上海市进才中学2023-2024学年高二上学期9月考试英语试卷解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共44页， 欢迎下载使用。

Ⅰ．Listening Cmprehensin (20’)
Sectin A (10’)
Directins: In Sectin A, yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers. At the end f each cnversatin, a questin will be asked abut what was said. The cnversatins and the questins will be spken nly nce. After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
1．A．She’s a new student. B．She thinks the man is right.
C．She invited the man t a party. D．She plans t send ut all the invitatins.
2．A．He tk Bill t the hspital. B．He frgt t call the wman.
C．He’s srry the wman hurt herself. D．He didn’t knw what hspital Bill was in.
3．A．She wn’t see the prfessr until next week.
B．She hasn’t heard frm the prfessr in a week.
C．She nly just fund ut abut the ecnmics paper.
D．The class has extra time t cmplete the assignment.
4．A．The dctr has stpped seeing new patients.
B．The dctr’s ffice will be clsed tmrrw.
C．The dctr’s schedule is filled tmrrw.
D．The dctr can see the man tmrrw.
5．A．What Je was wearing. B．Where Je will meet her.
C．What the tpic f the meeting is. D．Where the meeting is being held.
6．A．G t the library. B．Check her calendar.
C．Attend the cncert. D．Get exercise.
7．A．They’re extremely nisy. B．They shuld have arrived by nw.
C．They’re nt n a definite schedule D．They shuld be allwed t fly there.
8．A．She’s very interested in the idea.
B．She can’t affrd a hliday in June.
C．She’s dubtful abut the weather in June.
D．She thinks they shuld invite mre peple.
9．A．He will get angry sn. B．He’s als ready fr dinner.
C．He wants t buy sme candy. D．He bught the wman sme chclate.
10．A．She needs t clean the lab. B．She didn’t clean the apartment.
C．She finds her rmmate quite messy. D．She’ll help the man clean his apartment.
Sectin B (10’)
Directins: In Sectin B, yu will hear tw shrt passages and ne lnger cnversatin, and yu will be asked several questins n each f the passages and the cnversatin. The passages and the cnversatin will be read twice, but the questins will be spken nly nce. When yu hear a questin, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper and decide which ne wuld be the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
Questins 11 thrugh 13 are based n the fllwing passage.
11．A．T prvide backgrund infrmatin fr a class discussin.
B．T prepare students fr the next reading assignment.
C．T review material frm a previus lessn.
D．T prepare fr a quiz n chapter six.
12．A．The distance the gds had t be shipped.
B．The number f insurance cmpanies available at the time.
C．The amunt f danger invlved in shipping the gds.
D．The type f ships used t transprt the gds.
13．A．Just fur types f plicies still exist tday.
B．They include features similar t earlier plicies.
C．They are cheaper than the nes in the Middle Ages.
D．The interest rates are based n early methds f calculatin.
Questins 14 thrugh 16 are based n the fllwing passage.
14．A．T explain the functin f sme bdy parts.
B．T explain why sme children develp slwly.
C．T describe hw children crawl, stand, and walk.
D．T describe early physical develpment in children.
15．A．Mving the head. B．Crawling. C．Cntrlling the arms. D．Kicking.
16. A．When the child’s brain matures.
B．When lng nerve fibers disappear.
C．When the child mves its bdy in new ways.
D．When the child perfrms an acquired skill mre rapidly.
Questins 17 thrugh 20 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
17．A．Fr 16 minutes. B．Fr 40 minutes.
C．Fr tw minutes. D．Fr 30 minutes.
18．A．The line will becme invisible.
B．The line will thus becme slippery.
C．They will keep the car mving faster.
D．They will get the passengers depressed.
19．A．Unbelievable. B．Impssible. C．Necessary. D．Amazing.
20．A．England. B．Germany. C．Japan. D．France.
Ⅱ．Grammar and Vcabulary (20’)
Sectin A (10’)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passages cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
In the past few years, scientists have fund micrplastics in ur sil, tap water, bttled water, beer and even in the air we breathe. And there’s grwing cncern abut the ptential health risks they pse ____1____humans.
The new analysis in the UK have discvered micrplastics widely distributed acrss all 10 lakes and rivers sampled. Mre than 1,000 small pieces f plastic per litre were fund in the River Tame, which was revealed last year as____2____ (pllute) place tested wrldwide. Even in relatively remte places such as the Falls f Dchart and Lch Lmnd in Sctland, tw r three pieces per litre were fund.
Micrplastics are nt a specific kind f plastic, but rather any type f small pieces f plastic____3____ is less than 5 mm in length accrding t the U.S. Natinal Oceanic and Atmspheric Administratin. They____4____riginate frm a variety f surces, including csmetics, clthing, and industrial prcesses.
Humans are knwn t cnsume the tiny plastic particles thrugh fd and water, but the pssible health effects n peple and ecsystems have yet____5____ (determine). One study, in Singapre, has fund that micrplastics can harbr harmful micrbes.
Research by the Natinal University f Singapre fund mre than 400 types f bacteria n 275 pieces f micrplastic____6____ (cllect) frm lcal beaches. ____7____ included insects that cause gastrenteritis (肠胃炎) and wund infectins in humans.
“Micrplastics____8____ (find) abslutely everywhere nw but we d nt knw the harm they culd be ding,” said Christian Dunn at Bangr University, Wales, wh led the wrk. “It’s n use____9____ (lk) back in 20 years’ time and saying: ‘If nly we’d realized just hw bad it was.’ We need t be mnitring ur waters nw and we need t think, as a cuntry and a wrld, _____10_____ we can be reducing ur reliance n plastic.”
【答案】1. t 2. plluted
3. that 4. may
5. t be determined
6. cllected
7. They 8. are being fund
9. lking 10. hw
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了微塑料的危害以及应对措施。
【1题详解】
考查介词。句意：人们越来越担心它们对人类的潜在健康风险。pse a risk t“对……构成风险”是固定搭配。故填t。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：去年，通过在全球范围内进行了测试，在Tame河发现了每升1000多块小塑料，这是一个受污染的地方。此处为非谓语，动词pllute和名词place之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作定语，plluted已转化为形容词。故填plluted。
【3题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：根据美国国家海洋和大气管理局的说法，微塑料不是一种特定的塑料，而是长度小于5毫米的任何类型的小塑料。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为any type f small pieces f plastic，指代事物，先行词中有any，应用that引导，在从句中作主语。故填that。
【4题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：它们可能来自各种来源，包括化妆品、服装和工业过程。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处应用情态动词may和后文动词原形构成复合谓语，表示可能性。故填may。
【5题详解】
考查动词固定句型。句意：众所周知，人类会通过食物和水摄入这些微小的塑料颗粒，但对人类和生态系统可能产生的健康影响尚未确定。have yet t d…是固定结构，等同于have nt yet dne，动词determine和主语之间是被动关系，故用其不定式的被动语态。故填t be determined。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：新加坡国立大学的研究发现，从当地海滩收集的275块微塑料上有400多种细菌。此处为非谓语，动词cllect和前文名词短语275 pieces f micrplastic之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作后置定语。故填cllected。
【7题详解】
考查代词。句意：其中包括引起肠胃炎和人类伤口感染的昆虫。根据句意可知，此处应用第三人称代词they指代前文名词复数mre than 400 types f bacteria。句首字母大写，故填They。
【8题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：微塑料现在无处不在，但我们不知道它们可能造成的危害。动词find和主语之间是被动关系，根据时间状语nw可知，此处应用现在进行时的被动语态。主语Micrplastics是复数，主谓一致，故填are being fund。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：20年后回顾过去，说‘要是我们当时意识到它有多糟糕就好了’是没有用的。it is n use ding sth是固定句型，动名词作主语。故填lking。
【10题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：我们现在需要监测我们的水域，我们需要思考，作为一个国家和一个世界，我们如何减少对塑料的依赖。根据句意和结构可知，此处应用hw引导宾语从句，作think的宾语，意为“如何”，表示方式。故填hw。
Sectin B (10’)
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Hw and why, rughly 2 millin years ag, early human ancestrs evlved large brains and began fashining relatively advanced stne tls, is ne f the great mysteries f evlutin. Sme researchers argue these changes were brught abut by the inventin f cking. They pint ut that ur bite weakened arund the same time as ur larger brains evlved, and that it takes less energy t____11____ nutrients frm cked fd. As a result, nce they had learned the art, early chefs culd invest less in their digestive systems and thus invest the____12____energy savings in building larger brains capable f cmplex thught. There is, hwever, a prblem with the cking thery. Mst archaelgists believe the evidence f cntrlled fire ____13____back n mre than 790,000 years.
Rger Summns f the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy has a slutin. Tgether with his team, he analyzed 1.7 millin-year-ld sandstnes that frmed in an ancient river at Olduvai Grge in Tanzania. The regin is famus fr the large number f human fssils (化石) that have been discvered there, alngside an impressive assembly f stne tls. The sandstnes themselves have____14____yielded sme f the wrld’s earliest cmplex hand axes — large tear-drp-shaped stne tls that are assciated with Hm erectus (直立人). Creating an axe by repeatedly kncking thin pieces ff a raw stne in rder t create tw sharp cutting edges requires a significant amunt f planning. Their appearance is therefre thught t ____15____an imprtant mment in intellectual evlutin. During the prcess, the researchers fund distinctive but unusual bilgical mlecules (分子) that are ften____16____ as bimarkers f heat-tlerant bacteria. Sme f these live in water between 85℃ and 95℃. The mlecules’ ____17____ suggests that an ancient river within the Grge was nce fed by ne r mre ht springs.
Dr. Summns and his clleagues say the ht springs wuld have prvided a cnvenient “pre-fire” ____18____ f cking fd. In New Zealand, the Mari have traditinally cked fd in ht springs, either by lwering it int the biling water r fey digging a hle in the ht earth. Similar methds exist in Japan and Iceland, s it makes____19____sense, if difficult t prve, that early humans might have used ht springs t ck meat and rts. Richard Wrangham, wh devised the cking thery, is fascinated by the idea. Nnetheless, fire wuld have ffered a distinct advantage t humans, nce they had_____20_____the art f cntrlling it since, unlike a ht spring, it is a transprtable resurce.
【答案】11. H 12. G
13. E 14. B
15. C 16. D
17 I 18. A
19. F 20. K
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究说明烹饪的发明使早期人类祖先进化出了更大的大脑，并开始制造相对先进的石器。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：他们指出，在我们更大的大脑进化的同时，我们的咬合力也在减弱，而且从熟食中吸收营养所需的能量更少。absrb“吸收”符合句意，动词原形和前文t构成不定式，作真正主语。故选H。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：因此，一旦他们学会了这门艺术，早期的厨师就可以减少对消化系统的投入，从而将节省下来的能量投入到更大的大脑中，从而能够进行复杂的思考。形容词resulting“因而发生的”符合句意，作定语修饰名词。故选G。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：大多数考古学家认为，有控制的火的证据可以追溯到不超过79万年前。动词短语stretch back“追溯到”符合句意，其第三人称单数stretches作谓语。故选E。
【14题详解】
考查副词。句意：砂岩本身此前曾产生过一些世界上最早的复杂手斧——与直立人有关的大型泪滴状石器。副词previusly“以前”符合句意，修饰动词。故选B。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：因此，它们的出现被认为标志着智力进化的一个重要时刻。mark“标志”符合句意，动词原形和前文t构成不定式，用于固定句型be thught t d sth中。故选C。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：在这个过程中，研究人员发现了独特但不寻常的生物分子，这些分子通常被解释为耐热细菌的生物标志物。动词interpret“解释”符合句意，其过去分词interpreted和前文are构成一般现在时的被动语态。故选D。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：这些分子的存在表明峡谷内的一条古老河流曾经由一个或多个温泉滋养。名词presence“存在”符合句意，在句中作主语。故选I。
18题详解】
考查名词。句意：Summns博士和他的同事们说，温泉可能提供了一种方便的“预火”烹饪食物的方式。名词（单数）means“方式，方法”符合句意，作动词prvided的宾语。故选A。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：类似的方法在日本和冰岛也存在，所以早期人类可能利用温泉来煮肉和树根，这完全是有道理的，尽管很难证明。形容词sund“全面的，合理的”符合句意，作定语修饰名词sense。故选F。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：尽管如此，一旦人类掌握了控制火的艺术，火将为人类提供一个明显的优势，因为火与温泉不同，它是一种可运输的资源。动词master“掌握”符合句意，其过去分词mastered和had构成过去完成时。故选K。
Ⅲ．Reading Cmprehensin (45’)
Sectin A (15’)
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
On August 29th, as Hurricane Drian tracked twards America’s east cast, custmers f Tesla came acrss smething unusual. Sme f these electric-car wners in the strm’s path unexpectedly fund that their cars had suddenly develped the ability t drive farther n a single battery ____21____. Like many mdern vehicles, Eln Musk’s prducts are best thught f as internet-cnnected cmputers n wheels. The cheaper mdels in Tesla’s line-up have parts f their batteries ____22____ by the car’s sftware in rder t limit their range. At the tap f a keybard in Pal Alt, the firm was able t remve thse restrictins and give drivers ____23____ access t the full pwer f their batteries.
Mr. Musk’s cmputerized cars are just ne example f a much brader trend. As cmputers and cnnectivity becme cheaper, it makes sense t ____24____ them int mre and mre things that are nt, in themselves, cmputers, creating an “internet f things”.
Such a wrld will bring many benefits. Cnsumers will get cnvenience, and prducts that can d things nn-cmputerized versins cannt. Meanwhile, businesses will get efficiency, as infrmatin abut the physical wrld that used t be uncertain becmes ____25____ and analyzable.
In the lng term, thugh, the mst bvius effects will be in hw the wrld wrks. Ever mre cmpanies will becme tech cmpanies; the internet will becme everywhere. As a result, numerus unreslved arguments are bund t ____26____ frm the virtual wrld int the real ne.
Start with wnership. As Mr. Musk shwed, the internet gives firms the ability t stay ____27____ t their prducts even after they have been sld, transfrming them int smething clser t services than gds. That has already made the traditinal ideas f wnership ____28____. When Micrsft clsed its ebk stre in July,____29____, its custmers lst the ability t read titles they had bught (the firm ffered refunds). That shifts the balance f pwer frm the custmer t the seller.
Virtual business mdels will ______30______ in the physical wrld. Tech firms are generally happy t mve fast and break things. But yu cannt release the beta versin（测试版）f a fridge. Apple, a smartphnemaker, prvides updates fr its phnes fr nly five years r s after their release; users f Andrid smartphnes are lucky t get tw. But gds such as washing machines r industrial machinery can have lifespans f a decade r mre. Firms will need t wrk ut hw t supprt cmplicated cmputerized devices lng after their ______31______ prgrammers have mved n.
Data will be anther flashpint (导火索). Fr much f the internet the business mdel is t ffer “free” services that are ______32______ fr with valuable user data, cllected with authrizatin that is half-infrmed at best. In the virtual wrld, arguments abut what shuld be tracked, and wh wns the resulting data, can seem casual and theretical while they appear mre ______33______ in the real ne.
______34______ the cnsequences f any technlgy is hard — especially ne as universal as cmputing. The emergence f the cnsumer internet, 25 years ag, was met with blind ______35______ while these days the internet’s faults dminate the headlines. But the peple have the advantage f having lived thrugh the first internet revlutin — which shuld give them sme idea f what t expect.
21. A. scaleB. plantC. chargeD. drain
22. A. influencedB. extendedC. emplyedD. disabled
23. A. tempraryB. remteC. indefiniteD. dispsable
24. A. integrateB. packC. immerseD. switch
25. A. secureB. decisiveC. slidD. tangible
26. A. verflwB. vergrwC. transfrmD. transmit
27. A. pinnedB. fixedC. cnnectedD. tuned
28. A. unreasnableB. unrealisticC. unclearD. unavailable
29. A. in returnB. in factC. as usualD. fr instance
30. A. bmB. cnflictC. fadeD. expand
31. A. cmmittedB. cnsciusC. riginalD. respected
32. A. paidB. substitutedC. appliedD. made
33. A. cnfusingB. pressingC. discuragingD. affecting
34. A. PresentingB. PredictingC. PreventingD. Preserving
35. A. ptimismB. guaranteeC. imitatinD. bedience
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. A 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章表达了物联网可以给生活带来很多好处，同时也存在着一些无法解决的问题。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些在风暴路径上的电动汽车车主意外地发现，他们的汽车突然有了一次充电就能开得更远的能力。A. scale范围，程度；B. plant工厂；C. charge充电量；D. drain下水道。根据上文中的“Sme f these electric-car wners in the strm’s path unexpectedly fund that their cars had suddenly develped the ability t drive farther”可知，电车车主发现他们的电车有了一种能开的更远能力，由此可知，此处应是电池“充电”后，符合语境。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：特斯拉系列中较便宜的车型的部分电池被汽车软件禁用，以限制它们的续航里程。A. influenced影响；B. extended延伸；C. emplyed雇佣，利用；D. disabled使残疾，使不能运转。根据下文中的“by the car’s sftware in rder t limit their range.”可知，通过汽车软件限制汽车的续航，所以此处应是“使不能运行”符合语境。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在帕洛阿尔托，只要敲击一下键盘，该公司就能取消这些限制，让司机暂时用上电池的全部电量。A. temprary临时的；B. remte偏远的；C. indefinite不确定的；D. dispsable一次性的。根据上文中的“Sme f these electric-car wners in the strm’s path unexpectedly fund that their cars had suddenly develped the ability t drive farther n a single battery ____1____ .”可知，人们突然发现电池能充电后多走一段距离的能力，所以此处应是通过敲击一下键盘能取消限制，并“暂时”使用电池上的全部电量。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着计算机和网络连接变得越来越便宜，将它们融合到越来越多本身不是计算机的东西中，创造一个“物联网”是有意义的。A. integrate融合，合并；B. pack打包；C. immerse沉浸；D. switch改变。根据下文中的“creating an “internet f things”.”可知，创造一个“物联网”，应为将计算机和网络“融合”到越来越多的本身不是计算机的东西中。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，企业将获得效率，因为关于物理世界的信息过去是不确定的，现在变得有形和可分析。A. secure安全的；B. decisive决定性的；C. slid牢固的；D. tangible具体的。根据上文中的“as infrmatin abut the physical wrld that used t be uncertain”以及空后的and analyzable可知，过去物理世界不确定的信息现在可分析了，所以此处表示“具体的”符合语境。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，许多未解决的争论必然会从虚拟世界蔓延到现实世界。A. verflw溢出，蔓延；B. vergrw生长过度；C. transfrm使转化；D. transmit输送。根据上文中的“Ever mre cmpanies will becme tech cmpanies; the internet will becme everywhere.”可知，互联网遍地都是，所以会导致未解决的争论从虚拟世界“蔓延”到现实世界。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如马斯克所展示的那样，互联网使企业能够在产品售出后仍与产品保持联系，从而将产品转变为更接近服务而非商品的东西。A. pinned固定，连接；B. fixed修理；C. cnnected联系；D. tuned调整，调节。根据常识以及下文中的“even after they have been sld, transfrming them int smething clser t services than gds.”可知，互联网使得企业甚至在售出产品后仍然与产品保持“联系”，只是变化一下形式，把原来商品的联系变成了服务上的联系。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这已经使传统所有权概念变得不清晰。A. unreasnable不合理的；B. unrealistic不切实际的；C. unclear不清楚的；D. unavailable无法得到的。根据上文中的“transfrming them int smething clser t services than gds.”可知，将产品转变为更接近服务而非商品的东西，会使得所有权变得“不清楚”。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，当微软在7月关闭其电子书商店时，它的顾客无法阅读他们购买的书籍(该公司提供退款)。A. in return作为回报；B. in fact事实上；C. as usual像往常一样；D. fr instance例如。根据上文中“That has already made the traditinal ideas f wnership ____8____ .”可知，物联网使得所有权变得模糊，结合“When Micrsft clsed its e-bk stre in July”可知，此处应是举例说明物联网使所有权变得模糊这一事实。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虚拟商业模式将在现实世界中发生冲突。A. bm繁荣昌盛；B. cnflict冲突，抵触；C. fade逐渐消失；D. expand扩大。根据下文中的“Tech firms are generally happy t mve fast and break things. But yu cannt release the beta versin（测试版）f a fridge.”可知，科技公司通常乐于快速行动，打破常规，但是又不能发布冰箱的测试版，所以，此处指的是虚拟商业模式与现实世界中产生的“冲突”。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在最初的程序员离开很久之后，公司还需要弄清楚如何支持复杂的计算机化设备。A. cmmitted忠诚的；B. cnscius有意识的；C. riginal最初的；D. respected受尊敬的。根据上文中的“Firms will need t wrk ut hw t supprt cmplicated cmputerized devices”可知，在程序员走后，公司要弄清楚如何支持复杂的计算机设备，所以，该程序原应该是“最初的”那个程序员。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于大多数互联网公司来说，商业模式是提供“免费”服务，这些服务是用有价值的用户数据付费的，收集这些数据的授权至多是半知情的。A. paid支付；B. substituted代替；C. applied申请，应用；D. made使让。根据上文中的“Fr much f the internet the business mdel is t ffer “free” services”可知，互联网公司的商业模式是提供“免费”服务，但是，这些服务其实是用有价值的用户数据“付费”的。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在虚拟世界中，关于什么应该被追踪、谁拥有追踪结果数据的争论似乎是随意的、理论性的，而在现实世界中，这些争论显得更为紧迫。A. cnfusing令人迷茫的；B. pressing紧急的；C. discuraging令人沮丧的；D. affecting动人的。根据while可知，此处应与while前的“In the virtual wrld, arguments abut what shuld be tracked, and wh wns the resulting data, can seem casual and theretical”相对应，上文中提到的是“随意的、理论性的”，所以此处对应的应是在现实世界中“具体的”。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：预测任何技术的后果都是困难的，尤其是像计算机这样通用的技术。A. Presenting提交；B. Predicting预言；C. Preventing阻止；D. Preserving保护。根据下文中的“The emergence f the cnsumer internet, 25 years ag, was met with blind ____15____ while these days the internet’s faults dminate the headlines.”可知，25年前人们对互联网抱着盲目乐观的态度，而今天互联网的弊端比比皆是，由此可知，“预测”任何技术的后果是很困难的。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：25年前，人们对消费互联网的出现抱着盲目的乐观态度，而如今，互联网的缺陷占据了新闻头条。A. ptimism乐观主义；B. guarantee保证；C. imitatin模仿；D. bedience顺从。根据下文中的“while these days the internet’s faults dminate the headlines.”可知，当前互联网的问题占据头版头条，也就是说互联网的问题很多，根据while可知，此处指的是25年前人们对互联网盲目“乐观”符合语境。故选A项。
Sectin B (22’)
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
When I first set ft in Western Australia’s Pilbara, a landscape hlding 3.5-billin-year-ld clues t the beginning f life, I was very disappinted. The year was 1994. I drve excitedly ut f the west cast twn f Prt Hedland, but all I saw fr the first 150 kilmeters were a few dead trees and smky dust acrss the burnt, flat plain. What had I gtten myself int? And the heat!! I’d never experienced anything this terrible befre. Or breathed air s thick with biting flies.
But as we cntinued t head suth n the highway t Marble Bar—the httest twn in Australia—sme lw, brad hills started t rise frm the hrizn. As we cntinued dwn a dirt track int the hills, the burnt plains gave way t grass-cvered hills. This grass is called spinifex, an amazing but devilish creatin. It grws as bushes up t ne meter in diameter(直径), with rund, fine leaves with needle-sharp tips. The tips will g thrugh just abut any piece f clth. My supervisr wre thick gaiters(护腿) t prtect his legs. But he had failed t infrm me f the hazard. Withut any gaiters, my skin was cvered with needle tips that brke ff within minutes, which remained in my flesh fr mnths.
The land, ultimately, prved wrth the discmfrt. Here I was walking ver sme f Earth’s ldest, best-preserved rcks that cntain evidence f life frm almst the very beginnings f time n ur planet.
This area had changed much frm when it was first frmed 3.5 billin years ag. Back then it wuld have been a black vlcanic land, with n clr frm vegetatin. Over the hills I might have seen a green, irn-rich sea under an range sky heavy with carbn dixide and withut xygen. Nearby in the landscape I’d cme acrss fields f ht springs, and here I’d start t see sme clr. There wuld be stretches f white and yellw and red arund bubbling mud pls and geysers(间歇泉).
Several billin years later the wrld, wuld turn cld and becme cvered in a glbal ice sheet, wiping ut almst every living thing. When it melted away, xygen levels rse again. Life really gt ging. Animals slwly clnized the land, as did new types f plants. The greening f ur planet began, and a wide variety f rganisms appeared including, unfrtunately fr me, spinifex.
36. Why was the writer disappinted when he arrived at Pilbara in 1994?
A. He culd hardly breathe.
B. It was clder than he had expected.
C. The jurney tk him t lng a time.
D. What he saw was just a vast area f bare land.
37. What des the writer mean by “The land, ultimately, prved wrth the discmfrt”?
A. It was n easy task t set ft n the land.
B. He had never seen spinifex n any ther land.
C. The trip was valuable despite all the suffering.
D. The tips remaining in his flesh were nt that uncmfrtable.
38. What des the writer imply abut the area intrduced in the last tw paragraphs?
A. It is where life riginated.
B. It is still a black vlcanic land.
C. It is hme t many unique plants.
D. It cntains almst n living things.
39. Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?
A. Hw Life Started n Earth
B. Pilbara: Rich in Organisms
C. A Deserted but Vigrus Land
D. Jurney t a Land acrss Time
【答案】36. D 37. C 38. A 39. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者去西澳大利亚的Pilbara旅行，见到一片荒芜但生机勃勃的土地。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“I drve excitedly ut f the west cast twn f Prt Hedland, but all I saw fr the first 150 kilmeters were a few dead trees and smky dust acrss the burnt, flat plain.(我兴奋地开车驶出了西海岸的黑德兰港，但在最初的150公里内，我所看到的只是几棵枯树和烧焦的平坦平原上的烟尘。)”可知，作者在1994年到达皮尔巴拉时感到失望是因为他看到的只是一大片光秃秃的土地。故选D项。
【37题详解】
词句猜测题。划线词句后文“Here I was walking ver sme f Earth’s ldest, best-preserved rcks that cntain evidence f life frm almst the very beginnings f time n ur planet.(在这里，我走过地球上最古老、保存最完好的一些岩石，这些岩石中包含着几乎从地球诞生之初就存在生命的证据。)”说明作者这次旅行找到生命存在的证据，非常有价值，从而推知划线词句“The land, ultimately, prved wrth the discmfrt”的意思是“尽管经历了种种磨难，这次旅行还是很有价值的”。故选C项。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“This area had changed much frm when it was first frmed 3.5 billin years ag. (这片区域与35亿年前刚形成时相比已经发生了很大变化。)”和最后一段中“Life really gt ging. Animals slwly clnized the land, as did new types f plants.(生命真的开始了。动物慢慢地在陆地上定居，新型植物也是如此。)”可知，关于最后两段介绍的地区，作者暗示了它是生命起源的地方。故选A项。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“I drve excitedly ut f the west cast twn f Prt Hedland, but all I saw fr the first 150 kilmeters were a few dead trees and smky dust acrss the burnt, flat plain.(我兴奋地开车驶出了西海岸的黑德兰港，但在最初的150公里内，我所看到的只是几棵枯树和烧焦的平坦平原上的烟尘。)”和最后一段中“Life really gt ging. Animals slwly clnized the land, as did new types f plants.(生命真的开始了。动物慢慢地在陆地上定居，新型植物也是如此。)”可知，本文讲述了作者去西澳大利亚的Pilbara旅行，见到荒芜但又生机勃勃的土地。选项C“荒芜但生机勃勃的土地”符合句意。故选C项。
(B)
40. The wrd “hypthesis” mst prbably means .
A. a cncept that isn’t pssible t cnfirm
B. a myth that has been brught t light again
C. an idea that hasn’t been prved t be crrect
D. an pinin that has lng been cnsidered wrng
41. Which f the fllwing examples best fits the blank numbered 61?
A. Bth f the grups take Vitamin C pills.
B. Neither f the grups takes Vitamin C pills.
C. Grup B takes Vitamin C pills and Grup A desn’t.
D. Grup A takes Vitamin C pills and Grup B desn’t.
42. What is the graph intended t d?
A. T intrduce a methd by which t test a hypthesis.
B. T prpse a link between Vitamin C and clds.
C. T explain what a hypthesis really means.
D. T give advice n hw t fight ff clds.
【答案】40. C 41. D 42. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。介绍了如何提出一种假说，以及如何去验证。
【40题详解】
词句猜测题。根据后文的举例“Taking vitamin C helps yur bdy fight ff clds.(服用维生素C可以帮助你的身体抵抗感冒)”以及第二个框中的例子“Peple wh take extra vitamin C will catch fewer clds.(多服用维生素C的人会少得感冒)”以及第三个框中“Cnduct an experiment r a survey.(进行实验或调查)”可推知，此处是提出一个假设，并针对假设提出预测，然后设计实验验证，所以此处hypthesis应是“假设”之意，和C项“an idea that hasn’t been prved t be crrect(一个尚未被证明是正确的想法)”意思相近。故选C项。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据前文“Find peple an put them in tw grups: A and B.(找一些人，把他们分成两组：A和B)”以及后文“If grup A catcher fewer clds than grup B.(如果A组接球者比B组少感冒)”和“If grup A catches the same number f clds as (fr mre than ) grup B.(如果A组和B组感冒次数相同(或多于))”可知，空61处，应是A，B两组的不通点，根据后文的结果，应是A组服用维生素C药片，B组不服用。故选D项。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。纵观所给图片内容，主要讲述了提出一种假设，然后做出预测，之后设计实验去或者调查去验证假设，从而证明假设的真假，所以这个图的目的是引入一种方法来检验假设。故选A项。
(C)
Althugh it is a business nt many are aware f, sidewalk rbts are set t becme an industry with annual sales f $Ibn within a decade, reckns IDTechEx, a British firm f analysts. These fur-r six-wheeled autnmus machines, usually the size f a suitcase, are already delivering grceries and ther gds in America, China and Eurpe.
That puts them ahead f many driverless cars, vans and lrries being develped. Thse bigger vehicles are held back nt by technlgy but regulatin, says Zeha Li f IDTechEx. S having a "safety driver" n bard ready t take ver if there is a prblem, which is hardly labr-saving.
Fr these larger cntraptins regulatrs want t see safety systems thrughly prved. But there are legal hurdles, t. In January Britain's Law Cmmissin, which reviews legislatin, recmmended that it shuld nt be the persn in the driver's seat wh faces prsecutin if a vehicle in autnmus mde crashes, but the manufacturer r bdy that sught apprval fr its use.
Meanwhile, sidewalk rbts are getting n with the jb. Amng them, Starship Technlgies, based in San Francisc, reckns it has already clcked up mre than 2.5m deliveries with bts in a number f cities, university campuses and business parks in Eurpe and America. Amazn is carrying ut trials with a similar srt f machine it calls Scut. Kiwibt, a Clmbian startup, is making sidewalk deliveries in Califmia.
Typically, these rbts carry a few bags f grceries using a variety f sensrs, including cameras, radar and GPS t navigate and avid bstacles and peple. Their prgress can be mnitred n a phne app, which als unlcks them fr gds t be retrieved. As they are small. mve slwly(Starship's bts might reach a heady 6kph) and are "telemnitred" by peple in a cntrl rm wh can take ver, authrities seem mre willing t give them a green light.
Such rbts are als becming mre autnmus. In January Serve Rbtics, anther San Franciscan firm whse backers include Uber, a ride-hailing giant, said it had deplyed a new sidewalk bt with "level 4"autnmy, which means it can perate withut telemnitring in sme predesignated areas.
Rbtic versins which perate n rads but have n driver's cab are als appearing. Nur, a Silicn Valley firm, makes ne abut the size f a small car that can carry 24 bags f grceries. It has chilled and heated cmpartments fr fd and drinks. Further alng the rad in earning their keep, these delivery bts are helping t pave the way fr the time when bigger autnmus vehicles can jin them.
43. What can we learn frm paragraph ne?
A. Sidewalk rbts are prtable like a suitcase.
B. In the past decade, Ibn dllars have been invested int industry.
C. The delivery industries f the US, China and Eurpe are dependent n sidewalk rbts.
D. The industry f sidewalk rbt is expanding unknwingly.
44. Accrding t the passage, wh shuld be respnsible fr autmatic driving car accidents?
A. Safety drivers seated in the driver's seat.
B. Every passenger except the driver.
C. Organizatins supprtive f autnmus mde.
D. Manufacturers and bdies seeking apprval fr using safety drivers.
45. What des the underlined phrase in paragraph fur mean?
A. reachedB. designed
C bughtD. invented
46. Which f the fllwing statements is NOT true accrding t the passage?
A. Amazn is using Scut t deliver grceries fr peple.
B. If grceries are wrngly delivered, rbts can take them back.
C. Sme rbts may deliver grceries with n ne telemnitring them.
D. Bth cld and ht fd can be preserved inside a sidewalk rbt develped by Nur.
【答案】43. D 44. C 45. A 46. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人行道上的自动用货机器人的应用、发展以及意义。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段第一句话“Althugh it is a business nt many are aware f, sidewalk rbts are set t becme an industry with annual sales f $Ibn within a decade, reckns IDTechEx, a British firm f analysts. （英国分析公司IDTechEx估计，尽管人行道机器人是一个没有多少人意识到的行业，但它将在十年内成为一个年销售额为10亿美元的行业。）”可推知，人行道机器人这个行业在没有人过多关注的情况下不断的扩张。故选D。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第三句话“In January Britain's Law Cmmissin, which reviews legislatin, recmmended that it shuld nt be the persn in the driver's seat wh faces prsecutin if a vehicle in autnmus mde crashes, but the manufacturer r bdy that sught apprval fr its use.（今年1月，负责审查立法的英国法律委员会建议，如果自动驾驶模式下的车辆发生碰撞，将面临起诉的不应是驾驶座上的人，而应是寻求批准其使用的制造商或机构。）”可知，如果自动驾驶模式下发生车祸，那么负责人的应该是寻求批准其使用的制造商或机构。故选C。
【45题详解】
短语猜测题。根据划线短语后面的部分“mre than 2.5m deliveries with bts in a number f cities, university campuses and business parks in Eurpe and America（在欧洲、美国的一些城市、大学校园和商业园区多于250万辆机器人被交付使用）”可知，其中，总部位于旧金山的星际科技公司估计，在欧洲、美国的一些城市、大学校园和商业园区，已经有超过250万辆机器人被交付使用。所以clcked up的意思为“达到”。故选A。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句话“Amazn is carrying ut trials with a similar srt f machine it calls Scut. （亚马逊正在使用一种类似的机器进行试验，该机器被称为Scut。）”可推知，Scut正在实验阶段，并没有投入使用。所以A项“亚马逊正在使用Scut为人们提供食品杂货。”表述错误。故选A。
Sectin C (8’)
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences them yu need.
Irn Cks
Irn Cks
Rbts have arrived in American restaurants and htels fr the same reasns they first arrived n factry flrs. ____47____ Labr, meanwhile, is getting expensive, as sme cities and states pass laws raising the minimum wage.
“We think we’ve hit the pint where labr-wage rates are nw making autmatin f thse tasks make a lt mre sense,” Bb Wright, the chief peratins fficer f the fast-fd chain Wendy’s, said in a cnference call with investrs last February, referring t jbs that feature “repetitive prductin tasks.” Wendy’s and McDnald’s are in the prcess f installing self-service kisks in lcatins acrss the cuntry, allwing custmers t rder withut ever talking t an emplyee.
____48____ The internatinal chain CaliBurger, fr example, will sn install Flippy, a rbt that can make 150 burgers an hur. Jhn Miller, the CEO f Cali Grup, which wns the chain, says emplyees dn’t like wrking in the kitchen. Once the rbts are sweating there, human emplyees will be free t interact with custmers in mre-targeted ways, bringing them extra napkins and asking them hw they’re enjying their burgers.
Hw many emplyees, thugh, d yu need wrking in the café? ____49____ Will cmpanies like CaliBurger see sufficient value in emplying human greeters and sup-and-sandwich deliverers t keep thse psitins arund lng-term?
The experience f Eatsa may be instructive. The start-up restaurant, based in San Francisc, allws custmers t rder its quina bwls and salads n their smartphne r an in-stre tablet and then pick up their rder frm a white wall f cubbies — an Autmat fr the app age. Initially, tw greeters were statined alngside the cubbies t welcme and direct custmers. ____50____ S the cmpany nw emplys a single greeter in its restaurants.
A. The early success f the kisks suggests that, at least when rdering fast fd, custmers prize speed ver high-tuch custmer service.
B. Business wners insist that rbts will take ver wrk that is dirty, dangerus, r just dull, enabling humans t fcus n ther tasks.
C. The better hpe fr wrkers might be that autmatin helps the fd-service industry cntinue t develp.
D. But ver time, custmers relied less frequently n the greeters.
E. The cst f machines has fallen significantly in recent years, drpping 40 percent since 2005.
F. This has typically been the stry f autmatin: Technlgy eliminates ld jbs, but it als creates new nes.
【答案】47. E 48. B 49. A 50. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了机器人进入美国餐馆和酒店以及所带来的变化。
【47题详解】
根据上文“Rbts have arrived in American restaurants and htels fr the same reasns they first arrived n factry flrs.(机器人进入美国餐馆和酒店的原因与它们最初进入工厂的原因相同)”以及后文“Labr, meanwhile, is getting expensive, as sme cities and states pass laws raising the minimum wage.(与此同时，随着一些城市和州通过提高最低工资标准的法律，劳动力成本也越来越高)”可知，上文提到了机器人进入了餐馆和酒店，后文则提到了劳动力成本增加，可见本句是在说明机器的成本问题。故E选项“近年来机器的成本大幅下降，自2005年以来下降了40%”符合语境，故选E。
【48题详解】
根据后文“The internatinal chain CaliBurger, fr example, will sn install Flippy, a rbt that can make 150 burgers an hur. Jhn Miller, the CEO f Cali Grup, which wns the chain, says emplyees dn’t like wrking in the kitchen. Once the rbts are sweating there, human emplyees will be free t interact with custmers in mre-targeted ways, bringing them extra napkins and asking them hw they’re enjying their burgers.(例如，国际连锁店CaliBurger很快就会安装Flippy，这是一个每小时可以制作150个汉堡的机器人。拥有该连锁店的卡利集团的首席执行官约翰·米勒说，员工不喜欢在厨房工作。一旦机器人在那里出汗，人类员工就可以自由地以更有针对性的方式与顾客互动，给他们额外的餐巾纸，并询问他们喜欢吃汉堡吗)”可知，后文国际连锁店CaliBurger的例子表明，机器人可以代替人类去做枯燥的工作，而人类可以专注于与顾客互动，故B选项“企业主们坚持认为，机器人将取代肮脏、危险或枯燥的工作，使人类能够专注于其他任务”符合语境，故选B。
【49题详解】
根据上文“Hw many emplyees, thugh, d yu need wrking in the café?(但是，你需要多少员工在咖啡馆工作？)”以及后文“Will cmpanies like CaliBurger see sufficient value in emplying human greeters and sup-and-sandwich deliverers t keep thse psitins arund lng-term? (像CaliBurger这样的公司是否认为雇佣接待员和送汤送三明治的人来长期维持这些职位有足够的价值？)”可知，本句承接上文，回答需要多少员工在咖啡馆工作的问题，且结合后文提到了送三明治，即快餐行业，故A选项“自助服务站早期的成功表明，至少在订购快餐时，顾客更看重速度，而不是高质量的顾客服务”符合语境，故选A。
【50题详解】
根据上文“The experience f Eatsa may be instructive. The start-up restaurant, based in San Francisc, allws custmers t rder its quina bwls and salads n their smartphne r an in-stre tablet and then pick up their rder frm a white wall f cubbies — an Autmat fr the app age. Initially, tw greeters were statined alngside the cubbies t welcme and direct custmers.( Eatsa的经验可能是有益的。这家初创餐厅总部位于旧金山，顾客可以在智能手机或店内平板电脑上订购奎奴亚藜碗和沙拉，然后从一排白色的小隔间里取餐——这是应用时代的自动售货机。最初，两名迎宾员站在小隔间旁边，欢迎和指导顾客)”以及后文“S the cmpany nw emplys a single greeter in its restaurants. (因此，该公司现在在其餐厅雇佣了一名迎宾员)”可知，上文和后文提到了迎宾员的变化情况，可知本句是在说明迎宾员的数量问题，D选项中greeters对应上文中greeters。故D选项“但随着时间的推移，顾客对迎宾员的依赖越来越少”符合语境，故选D。
Ⅳ．Translatin (15’)
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
51. 我没意识到我打断了你，我欠你一个道歉。（we）
【答案】I didn’t realize I interrupted yu, s I we yu an aplgy.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构。根据句意可知，表示“我没意识到我打断了你”应用一般过去时，描述过去发生的事情，表达为I didn’t realize I interrupted yu，其中I interrupted yu为宾语从句；表示“我欠你一个道歉”描述现实情况，应用一般现在时，表达为I we yu an aplgy，是主谓宾宾句型。前后为因果关系，可用连词s连接。故翻译为I didn’t realize I interrupted yu, s I we yu an aplgy.
52. 公共交通是否便利是影响人们租房意愿的重要因素之一。（crucial）
【答案】Whether the public transprtatin is cnvenient r nt is ne f the crucial factrs affecting peple’s willingness t rent a huse.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构。根据句意可知，本句描述现实情况，用一般现在时。表示“公共交通是否便利”用whether…r nt引导主语从句，从句的主语“公共交通”为名词短语the public transprtatin，从句中系动词用is，表示“方便”为形容词cnvenient作表语；主语是从句，主句中表示“是”为系动词is；“影响人们租房意愿的重要因素之一”是主句中的表语，“重要因素之一”为ne f the crucial factrs，“ne f+名词复数”是习惯表达，“影响人们租房意愿的”可用现在分词短语，表达为affecting peple’s willingness t rent a huse，作后置定语，动词affect和名词factrs之间是主动关系，动词不定式短语t rent a huse作后置定语，修饰名词willingness。句首字母大写，故翻译为Whether the public transprtatin is cnvenient r nt is ne f the crucial factrs affecting peple’s willingness t rent a huse.
53. 图书管理员埋怨汤姆未将期刊放回原处，真是太粗心了。（hw）
【答案】The librarian cmplained hw careless it was f Tm nt t put the jurnal back in its place.
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句和时态。根据句意可知，此处描述的是过去的事，所以使用一般过去时态；表示“图书管理员”应为the librarian作主语，位于句首，the的首字母需大写，表示“抱怨”为cmplain与句子主语为主动关系，且用于一般过去时，应为cmplained作主句的谓语；表示“汤姆未将期刊放回原处，真是太粗心了”应为宾语从句作cmplained的宾语，分析句意可知，此处应使用hw引导的宾语从句，修饰“粗心的”careless，即hw careless，在从句中，表示“未将期刊放回原处”为不定式作真正主语，应译为nt t put the peridical back in its place，it作形式主语，表示“汤姆”为Tm为不定式的逻辑主语，而且此处描述的是“汤姆很粗心”，所以逻辑主语前应使用介词f，主语为形式主语，形容词作表语，所以谓语动词应使用was。故翻译为The librarian cmplained hw careless it was f Tm nt t put the jurnal back in its place。
54. 做自我介绍时，不必面面俱到，突出自己的优势才能让面试官眼前一亮。（pint）
【答案】When intrducing yurself, yu dn’t have t cver all pints. Highlight yur strengths t impress the interviewer.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和祈使句。“自我介绍”表达为intrduce neself，“面面俱到”理解为“涵盖所有方面”，表达为cver all pints，因此“做自我介绍时，不必面面俱到”的英文表达是When intrducing yurself, yu dn’t have t cver all pints.其中When intrducing是when+现在分词作时间状语；“使突出，使成为亮点”用动词highlight表达，“使某人眼前一亮”理解为“给某人留下深刻的印象”用动词impress表达，因此“突出自己的优势才能让面试官眼前一亮”的英文表达是Highlight yur strengths t impress the interviewer.，动词不定式作目的状语。故答案为When intrducing yurself, yu dn't have t cver all pints. Highlight yur strengths t impress the interviewer.
A．means B．previusly C．mark D．interpreted E．stretches
F．sund G．resulting H．absrb I．presence J．initially K．mastered