2023-2024学年北京市朝阳区高三上学期期中英语试卷含答案

这是一份2023-2024学年北京市朝阳区高三上学期期中英语试卷含答案，文件包含北京市朝阳区2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试卷原卷版docx、北京市朝阳区2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试卷解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共39页， 欢迎下载使用。

（考试时间90分钟 满分100分）
本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分 知识运用 （共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Last night was the last game fr my sn’s sccer team. Everyne in the team had trained very hard fr it and thus cnfidently expected a big win.
It was the final quarter. The scre was tw t ne, my sn’s team in the___1___. Parents encircled the field, ffering encuragement. With less than ten secnds remaining, the ball rlled in frnt f my sn’s teammate, Mickey O’Dnnell. With shuts f “___2___it!” acrss the field, Mickey tk the chance and gave it everything he had. All rund me the crwd erupted. He had___3___!
Hwever, everyne realized immediately that Mickey did it, but in the___4___gal, ending the game in a draw. Fr a mment there was ttal___5___. The air seemed t be at a standstill. Yu see, Mickey has Dwn’s syndrme, a cnditin in which a persn is brn with learning difficulties, and fr him all gals shuld be celebrated. He had___6___been knwn t hug the ppsing players when they wn a pint.
Nt knwing what was happening, Mickey ran ver t my sn excitedly, “I made it! I made it! Everybdy wn!” Fr a mment I held my breath, nt sure hw my sn wuld___7___. I need nt have wrried. I watched, thrugh tears, my sn___8___his hand in the classic high-five gesture and started shuting, “ Way t g Mickey! Way t g Mickey!” Within mments bth teams surrunded Mickey, jining my sn t___9___him n his gal.
Later that night, when my daughter asked wh had wn, I smiled as I replied, “It was a_____10_____. Everybdy wn. ”
1. A. wayB. psitinC. leadD. back
2. A. LeaveB. PickC. ThrwD. Kick
3. A. missedB. scredC. perfrmedD. slipped
4. A. clearB. wrngC. specificD. decisive
5. A. silenceB. angerC. whisperD. laughter
6. A. ratherB. hardlyC. almstD. even
7. A. admitB. reactC. guessD. defend
8. A. drew backB. put dwnC. lked atD. threw up
9. A. cngratulateB. cmfrtC. cnsultD. instruct
10 A. reliefB. keyC. tieD. pity
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In my early years at schl, I had truble with sme subjects. Smetimes I wuld get an “F” and that wuld make me ____11____(real) scared. What I used t d was turn the “F” int a “B” ____12____(please) my parents. Hwever, it didn’t wrk ut and finally I was caught ding that. Then I knew I had t accept that failure and learn frm it, s I ____13____(take) a psitive apprach. Naturally that “F” turned int a “B” and that “B” turned int an “A”.
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Gather a cuple f friends and take a leisurely walk thrugh the streets—this is____14____many yungsters enjy ding when they visit a new city. T them, citywalk means wandering arund the city n ft. Participants can fllw a distinctive urban rute,___15___ (explre) the city at their wn pace. Cmpared with famus____16____(spt) and big crwds, they prefer t gain a mre inclusive experience f the places they visit.
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Technlgy is cnstantly advancing. ____17____ we imagined it years ag cannt keep up with its pace f develpment. In the past, autnmus vehicles were just a part f mvies, ____18____ these technlgies are nw successfully cming int being. An autnmus car, als ____19____(knw) as a self-driving car, can perfrm all functins related t everyday driving and parking. It is a technlgy that senses the envirnment and, upn entering the destinatin, ____20____(find) its way withut human interventin.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
A hearing aid is a small electrnic device yu wear in r behind yur ear t make sunds luder. A hearing aid has three basic parts: a micrphne, an amplifier and a speaker. The hearing aid receives sund thrugh a micrphne, which changes the sund waves t electrical signals and sends them t an amplifier. The amplifier increases the pwer f the signals and sends them t the ear thrugh a speaker. There are three styles f hearing aids.
·Behind-the-ear (BTE) aids are used by peple f all ages. “Mini” BTE is a new kind. These small and pen-fit aids fit behind the ear cmpletely, with a narrw tube int the ear canal, enabling the canal t remain pen. Thus, sme peple prefer it because their wn vice des nt sund “plugged up”.
·In-the-ear (ITE) aids fit cmpletely inside the uter ear. Sme ITE aids may have added features, such as a telecil that allws users t receive sund thrugh the circuitry f the hearing aid, rather than thrugh its micrphne.
•Canal aids fit int the ear canal and are available in tw styles. In-the-canal (ITC) aids are made t fit the size and shape f the ear canal. Cmpletely-in-canal ( CIC) aids are hidden in the ear canal.
The hearing aid that will wrk best fr yu depends n yur hearing needs and lifestyle. Price is als a key cnsideratin. Hwever, just because ne hearing aid is mre expensive than anther des nt necessarily mean that it will better suit yur needs. Other features t cnsider include parts r services cvered by the guarantee, estimated csts fr repair, and the hearing aid cmpany’s reputatin fr quality and service.
Fr mre infrmatin, cntact: nidcdinf@ .
21. What helps strengthen the pwer f electrical signals in a hearing aid?
A. The micrphne.B. The amplifier.
C. The speaker.D. The telecil.
22. If preferring a hearing aid that keeps the ear canal pen, yu can chse______ .
A. “Mini” BTEB. In-the-ear aids
C. In-the-canal aidsD. Cmpletely-in-canal aids
23. T buy a suitable hearing aid, yu shuld______ .
A. increase yur estimated cstsB. find the ne with mre features
C. give in t the after-sale servicesD. cnsider yur needs and lifestyle
B
Brian Petersn had just mved t Califrnia. Outside his apartment, a hmeless man was ften shuting n the street crner, smetimes keeping him awake at night. Petersn wuld pass the guy n his way t wrk, but they never spke.
One day, Petersn was reading the bk Lve Des when he was disturbed by the hmeless man. Inspired by the bk’s cmpassinate (有同情心的) message, Petersn made an unexpected decisin: He was ging t g utside and intrduce himself. The hmeless man was Matt Faris. He’d mved t Califrnia t pursue a career in music, but he ended up living n the street.
“It was the strangest thing t me” Petersn recalled. “I saw beauty n the face f a man wh hadn’t shaved r taken a shwer in prbably a year. But his stry inspired me.” And even thugh Petersn, an art schl graduate, hadn’t painted in abut eight years, he asked if he culd paint Faris’s prtrait (肖像). Faris said yes.
This experience led Petersn t frm Faces f Santa Ana, a nn-prfit rganizatin fcused n befriending and painting prtraits f unhused peple. Petersn sells the prtraits, putting the incme int what he calls a “lve accunt” fr his mdel. He then helps peple use the mney t get back n their feet.
Many f Petersn’s new friends use the dnatins t secure immediate necessities — medical care, htel rms, and fd. Faris used the funds frm his prtrait t recrd an album (专辑), realizing his musical dreams. Anther subject, Sndval, wh had never been able t financially supprt her daughter, used the mney t pay her daughter’s rent.
Since Faces f Santa Ana was established, Petersn has painted 41 f all the prtraits. But there’s mre t the finished prducts than the mney they bring t smene wh’s dwn and ut. He’s discvered that the buyers tend t cnnect t the stry f the persn in the painting, finding similarities and ften friendship with smene they might have therwise steretyped (持固有观念) r verlked. “Peple ften tell me, ‘I was the ne that wuld crss the street. But I see hmeless peple differently nw,’” Petersn says. “I didn’t knw that wuld happen.”
24. Hw did Petersn feel abut the hmeless man after reading the bk?
A. Annyed.B. Amazed.C. Cncerned.D. Cnfused.
25. After talking with Faris, Petersn decided t______.
A. pay fr his rentB. recrd an album
C. g t an art schlD. paint his prtrait
26. Hw did Petersn help the hmeless?
A. He funded a nn-prfit rganizatin.B. He bught immediate necessities fr them.
C. He dnated mney t related rganizatins.D. He taught them hw t realize their dreams.
27. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Prejudice blcks dreams.B. Wealth can make peple wise.
C. Sympathy can break steretypes.D. Actins speak luder than wrds.
C
“When I stpped in at ur lcal turism ffice in Mntreal t ask where they wuld recmmend visitrs t g t smell, taste, and listen t the city, I just received blank stares. They nly knw abut things t see, nt abut the city’s ther sensry attractins, its sundmarks and smellmarks,” says Hwes, the directr f Sensry Studies, a grwing field ften referred t as “sensry urbanism”.
Arund the wrld, researchers like Hwes are investigating hw nn-visual infrmatin defines the character f a city and affects its livability. Using methds ranging frm lw-tech sund walks t data cllecting, wearables (clthing r glasses that cntain cmputer technlgy), and virtual reality, they’re fighting what they see as a limiting visual preference in urban planning.
“Just being able t clse yur eyes fr 10 minutes gives yu a ttally different feeling abut a place,” says Oguz Öner, an academic and musician. He has spent years rganizing sund walks in Istanbul where participants describe what they hear at different spts with their eyes cvered. His research has identified lcatins where a wave rgan culd be cnstructed t strengthen the sunds f the sea, smething he was surprised t realize peple culd hardly hear, even alng the waterfrnt.
Althugh his findings have nt been cnsidered int lcal urban plans yet, this kind f individual feedback (反馈) abut the sensry envirnment is already being put t use in Berlin, where quiet areas identified by citizens using a free mbile app have been included in the city’s latest nise actin plan.
The best way t determine hw peple react t different sensry envirnments is a subject f sme debate within the field. Hwes and his clleagues are using bservatin and interviews t develp a set f best practices fr gd sensry design in public spaces. Other researchers are ging mre high-tech, using wearables t track bilgical data like heart-rate variability t reveal different sensry experiences.
As data cllectin abut peple’s sensry experiences becmes mre widespread, many f these experts warn that cncerns abut privacy and surveillance (监视) need t be taken int accunt. Issues f fairness and inclusin als cme int play when determining whse sensry experiences are factred int planning. “Sensry awareness is nt independent r simply bilgical; whether we find smething pleasant r nt has been shaped culturally and scially,” says Mnica Degen, an urban cultural scilgist at Brunel University Lndn.
Degen cites the example f a Lndn neighbrhd where inexpensive restaurants fr lcal yuth were replaced by trendy cafes. “It used t smell like fried chicken,” she says, but newer residents fund that smell annying rather than welcming. “Nw it smells like the ppular Italian cffee, cappuccins.”
28. The underlined phrase “blank stares” in Paragraph 1 implies that______.
A. Mntreal is lacking in visual appeal
B. Mntreal’s nn-visual infrmatin is ignred
C. the turism fficers bject t sensry urbanism
D. there are t many turist attractins t recmmend
29. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Many methds are used t limit the visual preference.
B. Ptential cncerns abut cllecting data can be relieved.
C. Peple may fail t ntice sund attractins even in better lcatins.
D. Individual feedback restricts the develpment f sensry envirnment.
30. What can be inferred frm the passage?
A. Peple’s perceptins f their sensry surrundings are subjective.
B. Sensry urbanism needs t fcus n develping sensry facilities.
C. Sensry experience is dminant in shaping the character f a city.
D. Chices f sensry attractins in urban planning depend n turists.
D
In the 1770s, an English dctr called Edward Jenner gave his gardener’s sn cwpx (牛痘) and then deliberately infected him with smallpx (天花) t test his assumptin that peple wh were frequently expsed t cwpx, a similar but less severe virus, wuld avid catching smallpx. It wrked and cwpx as the vaccine (疫苗) was highly effective. “Vaccinatin”, frm the Latin wrd fr cw, sn became cmmnplace.
Challenge trials are frms f research where, rather than relying n data frm natural infectins, we intentinally expse smene t a disease in rder t test the effectiveness f a vaccine r treatment. Things have changed a lt since Jenner’s time, f curse, when it was nt uncmmn fr dctrs t cnduct this kind f research. Even s, there’s the cntinuus sense that there’s smething immral abut making smene ill n purpse.
But this shuldn’t blind us t the extrardinary pwer f challenge trials. They culd becme increasingly imprtant weapns in the medical research, in a situatin where vaccine technlgy is advancing and the threat f diseases jumping frm animals int human beings is increasing.
Much has been dne t reduce the risks f challenge trials. Like respiratry syncytial virus (RSV), researchers have invlved adults wh are at a lw risk f severe illness. These acts have already cut dwn a massive range f vaccine candidates. With their help, the wrld will sn have the first vaccines against RSV, which kills tens f thusands f newbrn babies each year. But nt all diseases are like these nes. We dn’t always knw the dangers vlunteers might face; we dn’t always have treatments ready. What then?
We culd, f curse, just avid these questins entirely, and rely n ther types f research.But that desn’t always wrk: smetimes, animal testing is tricky and uninfrmative, because the disease desn‘t develp in the same way as it wuld in humans. In cntrast, challenge trials can be deeply infrmative within weeks, with far fewer vlunteers. And the benefits can be surprisingly high. Take the latest pandemic. At the end f last year, as the number f deaths is estimated t have reached abut 17.8 millin, it’s als estimated that 20 millin had been saved by vaccines.In the years t cme, they will hpefully save millins mre.
In rder t make sure we are as prtected as pssible frm current and future threats, we shuld try t get rid f the misbelief in challenge trials, making them a mre familiar part f ur tl kits. Perhaps the greatest reward f all wuld be t make sure participants’ effrts are wrthwhile: by designing trials t be fair and effective and applying them when and where they might make a real difference. In shrt, by helping them t save thusands, if nt millins f lives.
31. The authr tells the stry f Edward Jenner mainly t______.
A. give a definitin f challenge trials
B. intrduce the tpic f challenge trials
C. highlight the effectiveness f his vaccine
D. explain the rigin f the wrd “vaccinatin”
32. What can we infer frm the passage?
A. The issues behind challenge trials can be slved.
B. The dangers f challenge trials utweigh the benefits they bring.
C. Challenge trials can benefit numerus lives in spite f their risks.
D. Challenge trials can set back the develpment f vaccine technlgies.
33 What des the authr intend t tell us?
A. Peple shuld still be careful abut challenge trials.
B. A mre pen attitude shuld be taken twards challenge trials.
C. Challenge trials guarantee participants prtectin against threats.
D. Mre vlunteers invlved can imprve the accuracy f challenge trials.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Shuld we use challenge trials t find cures?
B. Can challenge trials be a blck t medical prgress?
C. Can challenge trials be the end f infectius diseases?
D. Shuld we replace animal testing with challenge trials?
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many f us set gals, but smetimes we fail t achieve them. There are many causes why we dn’t manage t realize ur gals.____35____There is a way, thugh, t help address this prblem: set reminders. Peple emply a psychlgical strategy called cgnitive (认知的) fflading, where we use a physical actin t reduce demands n ur brain. Specifically, we may utsurce ur intentins frm being stred in ur brains t reminders utside ur head.____36____
Understanding the benefits f cgnitive fflading can imprve ur ability t remember and fllw thrugh with ur intentins. The biggest benefit is simply that it imprves memry perfrmance. It increases the prbability that we will wrk twards the gals we need t reach. ____37____“The mre we fflad unimprtant infrmatin, such as items n a shpping list, the mre we can use ur brain fr thse mre significant cgnitive tasks, such as creativity,” said Sam Gilbert, prfessr at the University Cllege Lndn.
____38____Still there are ptential negative parts fr it. We are mre likely t frget what we ffladed if we n lnger access ur strage, such as when ur smartphne dies. We als tend t fflad the imprtant things we mst want t remember. In a surprise test where their reminders were wiped clean, the participants were mre likely t frget the imprtant items and recall the unimprtant nes, that is, the mre imprtant the intentin we want t remember, the mre likely we are t fflad it—and t frget it.
We’d better tend t create reminders when we think we need them, but nt necessarily when we d need them. ____39____“If ur understanding f ur memry ability is wrng, this suggests that we will either veruse r underuse reminders,” Gilbert said. “We can learn by nticing the times that we have frgtten t d smething and culd have used reminders t help.”
A. Cgnitive fflading has nticeable benefits.
B. One cmmn reasn is that we simply frget them.
C. Besides, it can free up ur limited cgnitive resurces.
D. A gd example can be dcuments n ur smartphne calendars.
E. The prcess f cgnitive fflading helps us identify false infrmatin.
F. Our beliefs abut hw gd ur memry is directly influence whether we set them.
G. Other experts say it’s t sn t understand hw cgnitive fflading affects ur brains.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
The wrd “mtivatin” cmes frm the Latin term mtivus, “a mving cause”. It is described as the frce that drives us t pursue a gal, including the desire t cntinue pursuing meaning, purpse, and a life wrth living. It fuels cmpetitin and bsts scial cnnectin. Its absence can lead t mental illnesses such as depressin.
Peple ften have multiple mtives fr engaging in any ne behaviur. Mtivatin might be extrinsic. That means a persn is inspired by utside frces—ther peple r rewards. Anything prmised fr cmpleting the task r received as a result f cmpleting the task are extrinsic mtivatrs. Extrinsic mtivatin can increase mtivatin in the shrt term, but ver time it may gradually decrease.
Mtivatin can als be intrinsic. Intrinsic mtivatin cmes purely frm within, with n expected reward, deadline, r utside pressure. Fr example, peple wh are intrinsically mtivated t run d s because they lve the feeling f running itself. Cmpared t extrinsic mtivatin, intrinsic mtivatin tends t push peple mre frcefully, and the achievements are mre satisfying, since it is integrated int identity and serves as a cntinuus surce f mtivatin.
T understand mtivatin Abraham Maslw intrduced the cncept f hierarchy f needs (需求层次) in 1943. Accrding t Maslw, humans are intrinsically mtivated t meet physical needs, the mst fundamental nes such as needs fr fd. Then they gradually satisfy several levels f needs frm safety, t higher-rder needs fr lve, belnging, and self-respect, and finally mve t ward expressing their full ptential—self-actualizatin, the desire t becme the mst that ne can be.
Althugh the generality f Maslw’s thery has been challenged, many believe it reveals fundamental truths abut human mtivatin. N matter where mtivatin begins, there are always ways t increase it — whether that be yur wn mtivatin r smene else’s. Smetimes yu might feel cmpletely unmtivated — and that’s OK. In that situatin, allw yurself t feel the discmfrt, hear the negative self-talk, and then take actin anyway.
40. What is mtivatin?
______________________________________________________________________
41. Why is intrinsic mtivatin mre pwerful?
______________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
▷Accrding t Maslw, we are mtivated by different levels f needs, starting at the lwest and the mst basic level knwn as self-actualizatin needs.
______________________________________________________________________
43. In what way(s) d yu think yu can get mtivated? (In abut 40 wrds)
______________________________________________________________________
第二节 (20分）
44. 假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校国际部交换生Jim正在策划一次“中西文化交流”活动，作为好友，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1. 活动形式；
2. 活动内容。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua