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2023-2024学年上海市同济大学第一附属中学高三上学期10月考试英语试题含答案
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这是一份2023-2024学年上海市同济大学第一附属中学高三上学期10月考试英语试题含答案，文件包含上海市同济大学第一附属中学2023-2024学年高三上学期10月考试英语试题原卷版docx、上海市同济大学第一附属中学2023-2024学年高三上学期10月考试英语试题解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共46页， 欢迎下载使用。
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passages cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Yung peple in the U. S. are experiencing a mental health crisis. Reprts frm the surgen general, and the American Psychlgical Assciatin highlight the phenmenn, with families and children trying t get a mment with ___1___ (exhaust) cunselrs, psychlgists r scial wrkers.
Scientific advances have identified effective schl-based mental health practices, such as emtinal-regulatin training that teaches children___2___ t cpe with strng feelings, r screenings t detect mental health crises befre they ccur. These insights and practices have largely been ignred. Nw is the time t act n them.___3___ lng-disprved theries f physical and mental health as being tw independent system have mtivated the annual investment f billin in medical research and physician training, few resurces are available t advance psychlgical science r a mental health wrkfrce.
The need is clear. Data frm the Centers fr Disease Cntrl and Preventin, ___4___ ne f us, Kathleen A. Ethier, is directr f adlescent and schl health, reveal that in 2009 -2019, a remarkably high number f yung peple reprted ___5___ (feel) severe emtinal distress. Specifically, in 2019, s sad and hpeless___6___ 37 percent f high schl students feel that they culdn't participate in regular activities.
The way frward can be fund in science-based psych-scial appraches that ne f us, Mitch Prinstein and ur psychlgist clleagues ___7___ (develp) ver recent decades. We have identified effective methds t prevent emtinal r behaviral distress by teaching children skills t cpe with stressrs, develp healthy scial relatinships and spt depressin warning signs. Fr instance, during the pandemic, students wh felt cnnected t thers in schl were ___8___ (likely) t experience indicatrs f pr mental health.
These prgrams require a cmmitment t the science f behavir and the implementatin f innvative initiatives. And they need resurces - t implement these preventin appraches at scale and amng ppulatins mst at need. Failure___9___ (address) this mental health crisis will result in nt nly the distress f millins f U. S. yuth tday but a change in the prductivity, success and wellness f U. S. citizens at large ____10____ this generatin matures.
【答案】1. exhausted
2. hw 3. Althugh##Thugh##While
4. where 5. having felt
6. did 7. have develped
8. less likely
9. t address
10. when## as
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述美国的年轻人正在经历精神健康危机，不能解决这些精神健康危机不仅将会导致如今美国数百万的年轻人的痛苦，当这一代人成熟的时候，还会导致广大美国市民在生产力，成功以及身心健康方面的改变。
【1题详解】
考查形容词。句意：来自卫生总监的报告和美国心理学协会强调了这一现象，家人和孩子都想和精疲力尽的心理咨询师，心理学家或者社工独处一会儿。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填形容词作定语修饰名词，exhaust的形容词为exhausting表示“令人疲惫的”和exhausted表示“疲惫的，精疲力尽的”，根据句意可知，此处表示“精疲力尽的”，所以应填exhausted。故填exhausted。
【2题详解】
考查疑问词。句意：科学进步已经确定了有效的以学校为基础的心理健康实践，例如，教孩子如何应对强烈情感的情绪调节训练或者在心理健康危机发生之前进行筛查。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填疑问词，疑问词+动词不定式，可以在句中作主语，宾语或者宾语补足语等，结合句意可知，空格处应填hw。故填hw。
【3题详解】
考查连词。句意：虽然被长期否定的作为两个独立的系统的身心健康理论已经激发了每年在医学研究和医师培训方面投入数十亿美元，但是很少有资源用于发展心理科学或心理健康工作队伍。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填状语从句的引导词，根据句意可知，此处表示“虽然，尽管”，所以应填althugh/thugh/while，放句首时首字母大写。故填Althugh/Thugh/While。
【4题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我们当中的一员Kathleen A. Ethier是疾病控制和预防中心的青少年和学校卫生主任，来自它的数据表明，在2009到2019年间有相当多的年轻人报告感到严重的情绪困扰。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填定语从句的引导词，先行词为the Centers fr Disease Cntrl and Preventin,，为地点，且从句中缺少状语，所以应填关系副词where。故填where。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们当中的一员Kathleen A. Ethier是疾病控制和预防中心的青少年和学校卫生主任，来自它的数据表明，在2009到2019年间有相当多的年轻人报告感到严重的情绪困扰。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填非谓语动词，根据句意可知，此处的动作先于reprted发生，所以应填having felt。故填having felt。
【6题详解】
考查倒装。句意：特别是在2019年，37%的高中生感到太难过和绝望以至于他们不能参加日常的活动。表示“如此……以至于……”，s+形容词部分放句首时引起部分倒装：把助动词、情态动词或者系动词放主语之前；分析句子结构可知，此处应填助动词，结合所给时间状语in 2019可知，空格处应填did。故填did。
【7题详解】
考查时态。句意：前进的道路可以在以科学为基础的心理社会方法中找到，这些方法，我们当中的一员Mitch Prinstein和我们的心理学家同事们最近几十年一直在研究。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填谓语动词，结合所给时间状语ver recent decades可知，应用现在完成时，从句中主语that指代先行词appraches为复数，且与develp之间关系为主动，所以应填have develped。故填have develped。
【8题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：例如，在新冠期间，在学校里与他人有联系的学生很少有心理健康状况不佳的反映。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填形容词的比较级，结合句意可知，应填less likely。故填less likely。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：不能解决这些精神健康危机不仅将会导致如今美国数百万的年轻人的痛苦，当这一代人成熟的时候，还会导致广大美国市民在生产力，成功以及身心健康方面的改变。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填非谓语动词，failure t d sth.表示“做某事的不成功”，所以应填t address。故填t address。
【10题详解】
考查连词。句意：不能解决这些精神健康危机不仅将会导致如今美国数百万的年轻人的痛苦，当这一代人成熟的时候，还会导致广大美国市民在生产力，成功以及身心健康方面的改变。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填连词连接两个句子，根据句意可知，此处表示“当……时”，所以应填when/ as。故填when/ as。
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
The ffice used t be a place peple went because they had t. Meetings happened in cnference rms and in persn. Desks tk up mst f the space. The kingdm f Dilbert and f David Brent is nw under threat. The pandemic has ___11___ the ffice t cmpetitin frm remte wrking, and brught up questins abut hw it shuld be designed in the future.
Start with what the ffice is fr. In the past it was a place fr emplyees t get their wrk dne whatever frm that tk. Nw ther cnceptins f its rle strive fr attentin. Sme think f the ffice as the new ffsite (异地活动) . Its purpse is t get peple tgether in persn s they can d the things that remte wrking makes harder: establishing deeper relatinships r ___12___ in real time n specific prjects. Others talk f the ffice as a destinatin, a place that has t make the idea f getting ut f bed earlier, in rder t scialize with peple wh may have cvid-19, seem ___13___ .
In ther wrds, a layut that is largely devted t peple wrking at desks alngside the same clleagues each day all feels very 2019. With fewer peple cming in and mre emphasis n cperatin, fewer desks will be ___14___ t individuals. Instead, there will be mre shared areas, where peple in a team can wrk tgether flexible. Mre ht-desking (轮用办公桌) will als necessitate strage space fr persnal ___15___ : lckers may sn be back in yur life.
T ___16___ gaps between teams, ne strategy is t set aside mre f the ffice t present the wrk f each department. Anther ptin is t prvide everyne with drink. Expect mre space t be set aside fr ___17___ and events. Bars in ffices are apparently ging t be a thing. Rbin Avia f Gensler, an architecture firm, says she is seeing lts f ___18___ fr places, like large auditriums, where a cmpany's clients can have “experiences”.
Designs fr the pst-cvid ffice must als allw fr hybrid wrk. Meetings have t wrk fr ___19___ participants as well as fr in-persn cntributrs; cameras, screens and micrphnes will multiply. Gensler's New Yrk ffices feature mini-meeting rms that have a mnitr and a half-table sticking ut frm the wall belw it, with seating fr 4 r 5 peple arranged t face the ___20___, nt each ther.
【答案】11. E 12. D
13. B 14. A
15. F 16. C
17. I 18. G
19. K 20. H
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了疫情导致的办公室布置和格局的变化。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：疫情使办公室面临远程办公的竞争，并提出了未来如何设计办公室的问题。结合下文的介词t可知，此处构成固定搭配expse sth. t...意思为“将某物暴露于”，故用过去分词expsed，与前面的has构成现在完成时。故选E。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：它的目的是让人们聚在一起，这样他们就可以完成远程工作变得更加困难的事情；建立更深层次的关系或在特定项目上进行实时合作。结合上文“get peple tgether in persn (让人们聚在一起)”可知，在办公室人们可以聚到一起，目的之一是进行实时合作。故该空处意思为“合作”，故用cperating，与r前面的establishing构成选择关系。故选D。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：其他人则将办公室视为一个目的地，一个必须让人们早点起床，以便与可能患有新冠肺炎的人交往的地方，这似乎很有吸引力。结合上文“seem”和句子意思可知，该空处意思为“有吸引力的”，故用形容词attractive，作表语。故选B。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：随着进来的人越来越少，越来越强调合作，分配给个人的办公桌将越来越少。结合下文“Instead, there will be mre shared areas, where peple in a team can wrk tgether flexible. Mre ht-desking will als necessitate strage space fr persnal pssessins (相反，将会有更多的共享区域，团队中的人们可以灵活地在一起工作。更多的办公桌轮换制也将需要储存个人物品的空间)”可知，分配给个人的办公桌将越来越少，故该空处意思为“分配”，且主语fewer desks与动词assign为被动关系，故用过去分词assigned，will be assigned，为一般将来时的被动语态。故选A。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：更多的办公桌轮换制也将需要储存个人物品的空间：储物柜可能很快就会回到你的生活中。结合上文的“necessitate strage space (需要存储空间)”和下文“lckers may sn be back in yur life (储物柜可能很快就会回到你的生活中)”可知，该空处意思为“个人财产”，故用名词pssessin，用作“个人财产”之意时通常用复数形式pssessins，作介词fr的宾语。故选F。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：为了消除团队之间的差距，一种策略是留出更多的办公室来展示每个部门的工作。结合上文“gaps between teams(团队之间的差距)”可知，该空处意思为“消除”，故用动词bridge，t bridge gaps between teams作目的状语。故选C。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：预计会有更多的空间留给社交和活动。结合下文“Bars in ffices are apparently ging t be a thing. (办公室里的酒吧显然将成为一种风尚。)”可知，办公室里的酒吧是让人社交的地方，故该空处意思为“社交”，故用名词scializing，作介词fr的宾语。故选I。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：一家名为Gensler的建筑公司的Rbin Avia说，她看到了很多对场地的需求，比如大型礼堂，公司的客户可以在那里“体验”。结合下文“like large auditriums, where a cmpany’s clients can have “experiences ”. (比如大型礼堂，公司的客户可以在那里“体验”。)”可知，空后举例说明了对新用途的空间的需求，故该空处意思为“需求”，且用于lts f后，故用可数名词复数requests，作宾语。故选G。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：会议必须既适用于虚拟参与者，也适用于现场贡献者；摄像头、屏幕和麦克风将成倍增加。结合下文“as well as fr in-persn cntributrs ( 以及现场贡献者)”可知，会议必须既适用于虚拟参与者，也适用于现场贡献者，故该空处意思为“虚拟的”，故用形容词virtual，作定语，修饰后面的名词participants。故选K。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：Gensler在纽约的办公室有一个迷你会议室，里面有一个显示器和一张半张桌子，桌子下面的墙伸出来，座位可以容纳4到5人，他们面对着屏幕，而不是彼此。结合上文“have a mnitr (有一个显示器)”和下文“nt each ther (而不是彼此)”可知，会议室有显示器，故开会的人会面对屏幕，故该空处意思为“屏幕”，故用名词screen ，结合前面的a mnitr可知，screen也用单数形式。故选H。
Ⅲ. Reading Cmprehensins
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage, there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Restaurant and htel bsses have had a tugh year. Sme 700, 000 hspitality wrkers threw in the ___21___ n average each mnth in the past year. Bars, cafes and restaurants are 1.3m wrkers ___22___ relative t the 16.9m emplyed befre cvid-19. The quite rate in leisure and hspitality jumped by a percentage pint, t 6.4%. ___23___ frm the Omicrn Variant may make matters wrse; as cases increased greatly in December, restaurant ftfall (客流) fell ___24___
As in ther industries, wrkers in hspitality are leaving fr varius reasns, frm fear f infectin t ___25___ pprtunities elsewhere. But ne big mtive is burnut. Surveys find that ___26___ stress is a grwing cncern acrss the labur market, but dissatisfactin is especially high in service rles, where hybrid wrk is nt pssible. Data shwed that emplyees ___27___ the hspitality sectr as ne f the wrst fr wrk-life balance. Wrkers reprt that new tasks such as dealing with angry custmers and ___28___ health mandates (指令) have added t the burden.
Wrk in restaurants and htels can be physically ___29___ . prly paid and unpredictable. Unlike white-cllar wrkers, wh suffer frm needing t be cnstantly available, service wrkers burn ut as a result f uncertain ___30___ and a lack f cntrl ver time, says Ashley Whillans f Harvard Business Schl. Ian Ck f Visier, a human-resurces-analytics firm, says that time ff during lck-dwns gave emplyees an pprtunity t ___31___ their relatinship with “fragile and lw paid wrk.”
Firms have ___32___ t respnd. Many fd and accmmdatin businesses have raised wages - by an average f 8. 1% year n year in the third quarter, the highest increase n recrd. ___33___ , that many nt be enugh. In ne pll f hspitality ver half said higher pay will nt tempt them back by itself.
Daniel Zha, an ecnmist At Glass-dr, fresees a permanent reductin t the hspitality wrkfrce. As sme wrkers quite, thse wh remain must pick up the slack, leading t mre stress. This ___34___ gives birth t mre exits, and s n. ___35___ an ageing ppulatin, with decreasing numbers f yung peple prepared t wrk in kitchens r sweep htel crridrs, and hspitality businesses may be cntending with (难应对) blue-cllar burnut fr years t cme.
21.
A. wrapB. vacatinC. twelD. identity
22.
A. spareB. richC. shrtD. scarce
23.
A. CntributinB. UncertaintyC. RemedyD. Cnsequence
24.
A. cincidentallyB. sharplyC. suddenlyD. temprarily
25.
A. rareB. betterC. ccasinalD. unclear
26.
A. primaryB. pessimisticC. mmentaryD. lng-term
27.
A. calculateB. apprachC. inspectD. rate
28.
A. refrmingB. regulatingC. enfrcingD. engaging
29.
A. relaxingB. challengingC. drainingD. inviting
30.
A. schedulesB. paymentsC. exchangesD. prspects
31.
A. inquire intB. reflect nC. accunt frD. answer fr
32.
A. rushedB. failedC. hesitatedD. expected
33.
A. HenceB. MreverC. SimilarlyD. Nnetheless
34.
A. in returnB. in a rwC. in turnD. in advance
35.
A. ExcludeB. FllwC. CncernD. Add
【答案】21. C 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. B 26. D 27. D 28. C 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了酒吧、咖啡馆和餐馆等服务行业就业人数减少的原因。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去的一年里，平均每个月大约有70万名酒店员工辞职。A. wrap包裹；B. vacatin度假；C. twel毛巾；D. identity身份。根据后文的“Bars, cafes and restaurants are 1.3m wrkers ___2___ relative t the 16.9m emplyed befre cvid-19.”可知，与新冠疫情前相比，酒吧、咖啡馆和餐馆的员工缺口为130万人，故可推测员工纷纷辞职。thrw in the twel意为“放弃”，在本句中指员工辞职。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：酒吧、咖啡馆和餐馆的就业人数比新冠疫情前的1690万少了130万。 A. spare备用的；B. rich富有的；C. shrt短缺的；D. scarce缺乏的。根据后文的“The quite rate in leisure and hspitality jumped by a percentage pint, t 6.4%.”可知，休闲和酒店业的辞职率上升了一个百分点，故可推测出员工比疫情前少了很多。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意： 奥密克戎变异株的不确定性可能会让事情变得更糟；由于12月份病例大幅增加，餐馆客流量急剧下降。A. Cntributin贡献；B. Uncertainty不确定性；C. Remedy救济，治疗；D. Cnsequence结果。根据后文的“frm the Omicrn Variant may make matters wrse”可知，奥密克戎具有不确定性，而这可能会让事情变得更糟。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：奥密克戎变异株的不确定性可能会让事情变得更糟；由于12月份病例大幅增加，餐馆客流量急剧下降。A. cincidentally巧合；B. sharply急剧地；C. suddenly突然；D. temprarily暂时。根据前文的“as cases increased greatly in December”可知，12月份病例大幅增加，所以餐馆客流量急剧下降。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与其他行业一样，酒店业的员工也因为各种原因离开，从害怕感染到到其他地方有更好的机会都有。A. rare稀有；B. better更好的；C. ccasinal偶尔；D. unclear不清楚。根据前文的“wrkers in hspitality are leaving fr varius reasns”和后文的“pprtunities”可知，员工离开，有的是因为寻找更好的机会。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：调查发现，长期压力是整个劳动力市场日益关注的问题，但服务业的不满情绪尤其高，因为服务业不可能实现混合工作。A. primary初级的；B. pessimistic悲观的；C. mmentary瞬时；D. lng-term长期的。根据后文的“stress is a grwing cncern acrss the labur market”可知，压力是整个劳动力市场日益关注的问题，而这种压力应是长期的，才会造成员工离开。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：数据显示，员工评价酒店业是工作与生活平衡最差的行业之一。 A. calculate计算；B. apprach方法；C. inspect检查；D. rate评价。根据前文的“but dissatisfactin is especially high in service rles”和后文的“the hspitality sectr as ne f the wrst fr wrk-life balance”可知，员工对酒店业的工作与生活平衡方面评价不高。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：工人们报告说，处理愤怒的顾客和强制执行健康规定等新任务增加了他们的负担。A. refrming改革；B. regulating调节；C. enfrcing强制执行；D. engaging从事。根据前文的“Bars, cafes and restaurants are 1. 3m wrkers 2 relative t the 16. 9m emplyed befre cvid-19.”可知，疫情期间，服务业员工辞职率高，部分原因是疫情期间一些健康规定需要强制执行，这增加了他们的负担。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在餐馆和酒店工作会让人精疲力竭。A. relaxing令人放松的；B. challenging挑战性的；C. draining使疲惫的；D. inviting吸引人的。根据后文的“service wrkers burn ut”可知，服务工作者精疲力竭，故在餐馆和酒店工作会让人精疲力竭。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈佛商学院的阿什利•惠兰斯表示，与需要时刻保持联系的白领不同，服务工作者因不确定的日程安排和缺乏对时间的控制而精疲力竭。A. schedules日程安排；B. payments付款；C. exchanges交换；D. prspects前景。根据后文的“a lack f cntrl ver time”可知，服务工作者缺乏对时间的控制，这就意味着他们不确定的日程安排。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：维则人力资源分析公司的伊恩•库克表示，停工期间的休假让员工有机会反思他们与“脆弱而低薪的工作”之间的关系。A. inquire int调查；B. reflect n反思；C. accunt fr说明；D. answer fr（对问题）负有很大责任。根据后文的“their relatinship with “fragile and lw paid wrk.””可知，员工对他们与工作的关系进行反思。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：各公司纷纷做出回应。A. rushed冲向；B. failed失败；C. hesitated犹豫；D. expected预期。根据后文的“Many fd and accmmdatin businesses have raised wages - by an average f 8.1% year n year in the third quarter, the highest increase n recrd. ”可知，许多食品和住宿企业已经提高了工资，这是针对员工辞职这件事各公司做出的回应。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这么多还不够。A. Hence因此；B. Mrever此外；C. Similarly类似地；D. Nnetheless尽管如此。根据后文的“In ne pll f hspitality ver half said higher pay will nt tempt them back by itself.”可知，在一项关于酒店业的民意调查中，超过一半的人表示，高工资本身不会吸引他们回去，故可知各公司涨工资的行为是不够的，不足以吸引人们回去。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：这反过来又产生了更多的离去，以此类推。A. in return作为回报；B. in a rw成一行；C. in turn反过来；D. in advance提前。根据前文的“As sme wrkers quite, thse wh remain must pick up the slack, leading t mre stress.”可知，随着一些员工离职，那些留下来的人必须收拾残局，从而导致更大的压力，反过来又导致更多人离去。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：再加上人口老龄化，准备在厨房工作或打扫酒店走廊的年轻人越来越少，酒店业可能会在未来几年里与蓝领倦怠作斗争。A. Exclude不包括；B. Fllw跟随；C. Cncern关注；D. Add添加。根据前文的“Daniel Zha, an ecnmist At Glass-dr, fresees a permanent reductin t the hspitality wrkfrce.”可知，酒店业的艰难运行，一个原因是酒店业的劳动力将永久性减少，人口老龄化也会增加人员不足的困难。故选D项。
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing tw passage. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
A
N wman can be t rich r t thin. This saying ften attributed t the late Duchess (公爵夫人) f Windsr represents much f the dd spirit f ur times. Being thin is cnsidered as such virtue.
The prblem with such a view is that sme peple actually attempt t live by it. I myself have fantasies f slipping int narrw designer clches. Cnsequently, I have been n a diet fr the better r wrse-part f my life. Being rich wuldn’t be bad either, but that wn’t happen unless an unknwn relative dies suddenly in sme distant land, leaving me millins f dllars.
Where did we g ff the track? When did eating butter becme a sin, and a little bit f extra flesh unappealing, if nt upsetting? Until quite recently, mst peple had a prblem getting enugh t eat. In sme religius grups, wealth was a symbl f prbable salvatin (救助) and high mrals, and fatness a sign f wealth and well-being.
Tday the ppsite is true We have shifted t thinness as ur new mark f virtue. The result is that being fat—r ever nly smewhat verweight—is bad because it implies a lack f mral strength.
Our bsessin with thinness is als fueled by health cncerns. It is true that in this cuntry we have mre verweight peple than ever befre, and that in many cases, being verweight is assciated with an increased risk f heart and bld vessel disease. These diseases, hwever, may have as much t d with ur way f life and ur high-fat diets as with excess weight. And the assciated risk f cancer in the digestive system may be mre f a dietary prblem—t much fat and a lack f fiber—than a weight prblem.
The real cncern, then, is nt that we weight t much, but that we neither exercise enugh nr eat well. Exercise is necessary fr strng bnes and bth heart and lung health. A balanced diet withut a lt f fat can als help the bdy avid many diseases. We shuld surely stp paying s much attentin t weight. Simply being thin is nt enugh. It is actually hazardus if thse wh get (r already are) thin think they are autmatically healthy and thus free frm paying attentin t their verall life-style. Thinness can be pure vainglry.
36. In the eyes f the authr, an dd phenmenn nwadays is that ________.
A. the Duchess f Windsr is regarded as a wman f virtue
B. lking slim is a symbl f having a large frtune
C. being thin is viewed as a much desired quality
D. religius peple are nt necessarily kind-hearted
37. In human histry, peple’s views n bdy weight ________.
A. were clsely related t their religius beliefsB. changed frm time t time
C. varied between the pr and the richD. led t different mral standards
38. What des the underlined wrd “vainglry” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Great hnur.B. Outdated cncept.C. Self-relianceD. Excessive pride.
39. The authr criticizes wmen’s bsessin with thinness ________.
A frm an ecnmic and educatinal perspective
B. frm scilgical and medical pints f view
C. frm a histrical and religius standpint
D. in the light f mral principles
【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D 39. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，作者在文章中谈论了自己对大众以瘦为美的看法。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“This saying ften attributed t the late Duchess (公爵夫人) f Windsr represents much f the dd spirit f ur times. Being thin is cnsidered as such virtue.(这句话经常被认为是已故温莎公爵夫人的名言，代表了我们这个时代的古怪精神。变瘦被认为是这种美德。)”可知，我们这个时代的古怪现象是变瘦被视为一种想要的品质。故选C。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Until quite recently, mst peple had a prblem getting enugh t eat. In sme religius grups, wealth was a symbl f prbable salvatin (救助) and high mrals, and fatness a sign f wealth and well-being.(直到最近，大多数人都有吃不饱的问题。在一些宗教团体中，财富是有希望获得救赎和高尚道德的象征，肥胖是财富和幸福的象征。)”和第四段中的“Tday the ppsite is true. We have shifted t thinness as ur new mark f virtue.(今天情况正好相反。我们已经把瘦作为我们美德的新标志。)”可知，直到最近，人们认为肥胖是财富和幸福的象征，而现在人们把瘦作为美德。由此可推测出，我们对体重的看法会随着时代变化而变化。故选B。
【38题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句前的“We shuld surely stp paying s much attentin t weight. Simply being thin is nt enugh. It is actually hazardus if thse wh get (r already are) thin think they are autmatically healthy and thus free frm paying attentin t their verall life-style.(我们当然不应该再那么关注体重了。仅仅瘦是不够的。如果那些变瘦——或已经变瘦——的人认为自己会自动变健康，从而不关注自己的整体生活方式，这实际上是危险的。)”可知，我们不应该过多关注体重，变瘦并不意味着变健康，如果不关注自己整体的生活方式，这实际上会很危险，由此可推测出，画线词所在句表达的是“瘦可能纯粹是一种虚荣”，这里是对前文只关注瘦而不关注整体生活方式这种片面行为的评价。vainglry意为“自负，极度的虚荣心”，与D项意思最接近。故选D。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We have shifted t thinness as ur new mark f virtue.(我们已经把瘦作为我们美德的新标志。)”和第五段首句“Our bsessin with thinness is als fueled by health cncerns.(健康问题也助长了我们对瘦的痴迷。)”并结合这两段内容可知，第四段和第五段分别从道德和健康两个方面谈论了女性对瘦的痴迷，由此可推测出，作者从社会学和医学的角度批评了女性对瘦的追捧。故选B。
B
New understanding f the relatin between thught and emtin have strengthened the scientific fundatin f the study f emtinal intelligence. Using a simple decisin-making task, neurlgist Antni R. Damasi and his clleagues at the University f lw a have prvided cnvincing evidence that emtin and reasn are essentially inseparable. In the early 1990s Damasi had peple participate in a gambling task in which the gal is t maximize prfit n a lan f play mney. Participants were instructed t select 100 cards, ne at a time, frm fur different decks. The experimenter arranged the cards such that tw f the decks prvided larger payffs ($100 cmpared t nly $50) but als dled ut (按份额发放) larger penalties at unpredictable intervals.
One grup f participants in this study had been identified as having lesins (捐赠害) t the ventrmedial prefrntal crtex f the brain. Patients with this type f brain damage have nrmal intellectual functin but are unable t use emtin in making decisins. The ther grup was nrmal, meaning that their brains were fully intact. Because there was n way fr any f the players t calculate precisely which decks were riskier, they had t rely n their “gut” feelings t avid lsing mney.
Damasi’s grup demnstrated that the brain-lesin patients failed t pay attentin t these feelings and thus lst significantly mre mney. Therefre, defects in the brain that impair emtin and feeling detectin can impair decisin-making. Damasi cncluded that “individuals make judgments nt nly by assessing the severity f utcmes, but als and primarily in terms f their emtinal quality.”
40. Hw much can ne participant get if he r she keeps picking cards frm Deck C and D?
A. Almst $1. 250B. Abut $5. 000.C. Arund $2. 500.D. Hard t tell.
41. What can we infer frm the passage and pictures?
A. The brain-damaged patients rely n their emtin t play games.
B. There is n significant difference between the brain-damaged and nrmal participants
C. The nrmal participants are likely t win mre mney because f their reasning ability.
D. The brain-damaged participants may lse mre mney than the nrmal participants
42. Which f the fllwing chart best represents the result f card selectin f thse with ventrmedial lesin?
A. B.
C. D.
【答案】40. C 41. D 42. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是通过一个简单的决策任务，神经学家Antni R. Damasi和他的同事们提供了令人信服的证据，证明情感和理性在本质上是不可分割的。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Participants were instructed t select 100 cards, ne at a time, frm fur different decks.(参与者被要求从四副不同的牌组中选择100张牌，每次一张。)”和图片中的Deck C和Deck D下面的字“net gain $250 every 10 card picked(每抽10张牌净赚250美元)”可知，如果一个参与者一直从C和D牌中抽牌，他或她可以得到的钱是$250乘以10，等于$2500，故选C。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Damasi’s grup demnstrated that the brain-lesin patients failed t pay attentin t these feelings and thus lst significantly mre mney.(Damasi的研究小组证明，脑损伤患者没有注意到这些感觉，因此损失了更多的钱。)”可知，脑损伤的参与者可能比正常的参与者损失更多的钱。故选D。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Patients with this type f brain damage have nrmal intellectual functin but are unable t use emtin in making decisins. The ther grup was nrmal, meaning that their brains were fully intact. Because there was n way fr any f the players t calculate precisely which decks were riskier, they had t rely n their “gut” feelings t avid lsing mney.(患有这种类型脑损伤的患者具有正常的智力功能，但在做决定时无法运用情感。另一组是正常的，这意味着他们的大脑完全完好无损。因为玩家无法准确计算出哪副牌风险更大，所以他们只能依靠自己的“直觉”来避免赔钱。)”和最后一段的“Damasi’s grup demnstrated that the brain-lesin patients failed t pay attentin t these feelings and thus lst significantly mre mney.(Damasi的研究小组证明，脑损伤患者没有注意到这些感觉，因此损失了更多的钱。)”可知，脑损伤患者会损失更多的钱，所以A的图表最能代表腹内侧病变患者的卡片选择结果。故选A。
C
There are certain areas n Mars where we dn’t dare tread. NASA frbids spacecraft frm visiting spts that pssibly hst liquid water, and s where life might be able t thrive, fr fear t plluting Mars with Earth micrbes (微生物) . But an analysis f the salty liquids n Mars suggests we needn’t wrry, because life as we knw it shuld be unable t exist anywhere n the planet’s surface.
Edgard Rivera-Valentin at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Texas and his clleagues used readings f the temperature and relative humidity acrss Mars t map the presence f salty water. Any water n the surface is likely t be salty, simply because the surface is. This bsts the chances f water being liquid because salt lwers its freezing pint.
It is like when yu thrw salt n an icy sidewalk, says Danielle Nuding at NASA’s Jet Prpulsin Labratry in Califrnia. “It’s the same chemistry happening.” Unfrtunately, the saltier the water, the less likely anything can survive in it The team fund that even thugh there culd be salty water n the surface f Mars up t 18 per cent f the year, depending n the seasn, n micrbe we have even seen n Earth wuld be able t reprduce there.
“Life as we knw it is nt ging t find the brines (盐水) and survive because it’s either ging t be way t cld r way t salty,” says Rivera-Valentin, wh presented the results at the Lunar and Planetary Science Cnference in Texas That desn’t mean we can’t pllute Mars; brines with different types f salts mixed tgether might be friendlier t life and temperatures just belw the surface are much less extreme. Nevertheless, as lng as we dn’t dig dwn, it might be highly unlikely r even impssible fr rvers such as Curisity t pllute Mars.
“The levels f sterilisatin (杀毒) that we’ve dne with Curisity shuld be gd enugh t ignre [the ban n visiting] what we’ve been calling ‘special regins’ until nw,” says Jennifer Hanley at Lwell Observatry in Arizna. “I think that we’re OK t g.” Visiting these regins wuld be particularly helpful because, while they are in thery the mst vulnerable areas n Mars, they are als the mst interesting.
Fr example, arguments have been raging fr ver a decade abut whether dark streaks n Martian slpes called recurring slpe lineae are flwing water r just dust. A quick visit by Curisity, which is near an area where the flws ften frm, culd slve it nce and fr all.
Even if areas with water are inhspitable t Earth life, they culd still be hme t native Martian life frms
“If yu had life that riginated n Mars when it was mre habitable, it culd be that as Mars changed, life culd have gradually adapted t the new, mre extreme cnditins,” says Rivera-Valentin.
43. NASA frbids spacecraft frm visiting the special regins n Mars because ________.
A. life is unable t thrive there, thus there’s n pint f visiting them
B. Martian life prbably exists there and might threaten human beings
C. they wrry Earth micrbes might survive there, thus plluting Mars
D. human beings knw nthing abut these areas and they are dangerus t us
44. Which f the fllwing statements is true?
A. Mars’ surface being salty prvides evidence that Mars hsts liquid water
B. Earth life is unlikely t pllute Mars because the surface f the planet is either t cld r t salty
C. The fear f plluting Mars is unnecessary because human beings have n intentin f that under any circumstances
D. Jennifer Hanley thinks human beings shuld explre the special regins n Mars in rder t prve the existence f Martian life.
45 What is the pint f visiting the special regins n Mars?
A. Martian life might be fund.
B. Liquid water might be fund.
C. Many puzzles abut Mars culd sn be slved.
D. N humans have ever visited thse regins befre.
46 Which might be the best title fr the passage?
A. Water n Mars t Salty fr Earth LifeB. Curisity rver; The ultimate guide
C. Mysteries f Mars t be UnveiledD. The Salty Water f Life
【答案】43. C 44. B 45. C 46. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国国家航空航天局禁止航天器访问火星上可能存在液态水，即生命可能繁衍的地方，以免地球微生物污染火星。但新的研究表明火星上液态水太咸、太冷，人类所知道的生命不可能在火星表面生存下来。我们应该解除禁令，访问这些特殊区域，帮人类解开火星谜题。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“NASA frbids spacecraft frm visiting spts that pssibly hst liquid water, and s where life might be able t thrive, fr fear t plluting Mars with Earth micrbes (微生物).(由于担心地球上的微生物污染火星，美国宇航局禁止航天器访问可能存在液态水的地方，也就是生命可能茁壮成长的地方。)”可知，美国宇航局禁止航天器访问火星上的特殊区域是因为他们担心地球上的微生物可能在那里生存，从而污染火星。故选C项。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Life as we knw it is nt ging t find the brines (盐水) and survive because it’s either ging t be way t cld r way t salty,(我们所知道的生命是不可能找到盐水并存活下来的，因为要么太冷，要么太咸，)”可知，火星表面要么太冷，要么太咸，地球上的生命不太可能在上面存活下来，所以“Earth life is unlikely t pllute Mars because the surface f the planet is either t cld r t salty (地球上的生命不太可能污染火星，因为火星表面要么太冷，要么太咸)”是正确的表述。故选B项。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据六段中“Fr example, arguments have been raging fr ver a decade abut whether dark streaks n Martian slpes called recurring slpe lineae are flwing water r just dust. A quick visit by Curisity, which is near an area where the flws ften frm, culd slve it nce and fr all.(例如，关于火星斜坡上被称为循环斜坡线的深色条纹是流动的水还是只是灰尘的争论已经持续了十多年。“好奇号”只要靠近一个水流经常形成的区域，它的快速访问可以一劳永逸地解决这个问题。)”可知，访问火星上那些特殊区域可以帮助人们解决许多火星之谜。故选C项。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“NASA frbids spacecraft frm visiting spts that pssibly hst liquid water, and s where life might be able t thrive, fr fear t plluting Mars with Earth micrbes (微生物). But an analysis f the salty liquids n Mars suggests we needn’t wrry, because life as we knw it shuld be unable t exist anywhere n the planet’s surface.(由于担心地球上的微生物污染火星，美国宇航局禁止航天器访问可能存在液态水的地方，也就是生命可能茁壮成长的地方。但对火星上含盐液体的分析表明，我们不必担心，因为我们所知道的生命应该无法在火星表面的任何地方存在。)”可知，对于美国国家航空航天局禁止航天器访问火星上可能存在液态水的地方，以免地球微生物污染火星的禁令，文章用研究结论证明火星上液态水太咸、太冷，人类所知道的生命不可能在火星表面生存下来。由此推知“Water n Mars t Salty fr Earth Life (火星上的水对地球生命来说太咸了)”是文章最佳标题。故选A项。
Sectin C
Directins: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Fear is gd; in emergencies, it enables us t fight r flee. But ften we get scared at the wrng time - when we step nt the field fr a big sccer game r up t the micrphne at a large twn meeting. Prfessinal athletes and actrs say sme nervusness help them cncentrate better. But, when perfrmance anxiety is t pwerful, it undermines ur effrts; a vilinist cannt find the crrect ntes, a manager in a meeting frgets all the talking pints. ____47____.
The human anxiety reactin begins almst autmatically and includes clear physilgical symptms; a racing heart, sweating, stmach pains. Sme peple have truble breathing r feel faint. Thus alarmed, victims may withdraw int themselves r shck thers arund them with aggressive utbursts. If the need t perfrm is a regular requirement, they may suffer frm nightmares r fall int depressin. ____48____ Studies reveal that anxiety-plagued executives and less able t apply lgical intelligence n standard tests than calmer clleagues
____49____ Yet psychlgist Duglas H. Pwell f Harvard Medical Schl is cnvinced that severe stage fright is a phenmenn unt itself, given that it appears in nly certain well-defined situatins. Sciphbes (社恐的人) , in cntrast, suffer merely when thers are present. Whereas peple with scial phbias fear the negative feelings f thers, thse swith perfrmance anxiety are their wn harshest critics. They are perfectinists and wuld rather cancel an appearance — r avid it —than nt meet their wn standards and, by extensin, nt be able t demnstrate hw gd they are.
This destructive style f thinking ften arises frm a lack f self-esteem.____50____ Previus bad experiences can be a trigger —an embarrassing experience in a schl play r a single failed test can smetimes aruse such strng feelings f shame in yungsters that as adults they will avid any remtely similar undertaking.
A. Sme therapists utilize techniques that act against the physical symptms f fear.
B. Survival may ht hang in the balance, but scial, prfessinal r financial success can seem t be in grave danger.
C. All these symptms eat away at the very resurces needed t rise t the ccasin: steady hands, clear memry and a cl head.
D. The individual begins by imagining failure, wrks himself r herself int a state and then criticizes his r her wn abilities.
E. At Harvard, Pwell fund that facing anxiety can be a hard task, but many times the fear arises frm cmpletely cntrllable precnditins.
F. Because perfrmance anxiety arises when ther peple are present, many psychlgists believe that the cnditin is a sub-categry f scial anxiety.
【答案】47. B 48. C 49. F 50. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在公共场所的恐惧和焦虑所带来的不好的影响。
【47题详解】
空前“But, when perfrmance anxiety is t pwerful, it undermines ur effrts; a vilinist cannt find the crrect ntes, a manager in a meeting frgets all the talking pints.(但是，当表现焦虑过于强烈时，它会破坏我们的努力；小提琴手找不到正确的音符，经理在会议上忘记了所有的谈话要点。)”说明过于焦虑并不好，空格处应该继续说过于焦虑的坏处，B选项“Survival may ht hang in the balance, but scial, prfessinal r financial success can seem t be in grave danger.(生死未定，但社会、职业或经济上的成功似乎都处于严重危险之中。)”说明的是过于焦虑所带来的不好的影响，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选B。
【48题详解】
空前“The human anxiety reactin begins almst autmatically and includes clear physilgical symptms; a racing heart, sweating, stmach pains. Sme peple have truble breathing r feel faint. Thus alarmed, victims may withdraw int themselves r shck thers arund them with aggressive utbursts. If the need t perfrm is a regular requirement, they may suffer frm nightmares r fall int depressin.(人类的焦虑反应几乎是自动开始的，包括明显的生理症状；心跳加速，出汗，胃痛。有些人呼吸困难或感到头晕。因此，受到惊吓的受害者可能会退缩到自己身上，或者用攻击性的爆发来震惊周围的人。如果需要表演是一种经常性的需求，他们可能会做噩梦或陷入抑郁。)”说明的是一些焦虑的症状，空格处应该对这些症状进行评论，C选项“All these symptms eat away at the very resurces needed t rise t the ccasin; steady hands, clear memry and a cl head.(所有这些症状都在消耗应对突发事件所需的资源：稳定的双手、清晰的记忆和冷静的头脑。)”是对这些症状所带来的影响的描述，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
【49题详解】
空后“Yet psychlgist Duglas H. Pwell f Harvard Medical Schl is cnvinced that severe stage fright is a phenmenn unt itself, given that it appears in nly certain well-defined situatins.(然而，哈佛医学院的心理学家Duglas H. Pwell相信，严重的怯场本身就是一种现象，因为它只在某些明确界定的情况下出现。)”说明Duglas H. Pwell认为严重的怯场本身就是一种现象，因为它只在某些明确界定的情况下出现，由Yet可知，前面讲的是和空后内容相反的观点，也就是另外的一些心理学家的观点，F选项“Because perfrmance anxiety arises when ther peple are present, many psychlgists believe that the cnditin is a sub-categry f scial anxiety.(因为表演焦虑是在其他人在场的情况下产生的，许多心理学家认为这种情况是社交焦虑的一个子类。)”说明的是其他心理学家的观点，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选F。
【50题详解】
空前“This destructive style f thinking ften arises frm a lack f self-esteem.(这种破坏性的思维方式往往源于缺乏自尊。)”说明的是这种破坏性的思维方式所带来的不好的结果，空格处应继续描述不好的结果，D选项“The individual begins by imagining failure, wrks himself r herself int a state and then criticizes his r her wn abilities.(个体开始想象失败，使自己进入一种状态，然后批评自己的能力。)”说明的是前面作者破坏性思维所带来的后果，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
IV. Summary Writing
51. Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main pint (s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
The Bming f Mbile Payment
Peple in China are nw increasingly paying with their cell phnes. Accrding t the statistics, Chinese spent $5.5 trillin thrugh mbile payment platfrms last year, abut 50 times the amunt in America.
Mbile payment apps, Alipay and WeChat Pay, which belng t the cuntry’s leading scial messaging platfrms tgether hld 90 percent f the market, leaving Apple Pay struggling make inrads (进军市场).
I have recently spent a day in Hangzhu, hme t Alibaba, t see hw easy t was t g cashless, and I fund it smewhat ahead f ther cities, including Beijing. I rde buses and subways, which all accept Alipay. I visited a majr Buddhist temple, where visitrs can make dnatins with their phnes. I even listened t the sad tunes f a wman perfrming music in the street fr change — fr a scan f a QR cde placed beside the change bx t the exact.
Mbile Payments greatly imprve transactinal (交易的) efficiency. When ding business, peple dn’t have t wrry abut getting fake mney, r having t carry change.
All this is a rapid and smewhat surprising develpment in a cuntry where, a cuple f decades ag, it wasn’t even clear that credit cards were ging t catch n.
The platfrms als came up with a technical fix; by using the cellular netwrks smartphnes use, they bypassed the ften-unreliable data netwrks used by credit card payment terminals. As a result, after several years f grwth, credit card use in China began t decline arund 2008.
Mbile payments have als addressed a deeper prblem: a general lack f trust in Chinese sciety. “When we created Alipay in 2003, we did it t reslver the issue f trust amng peple. And by reslving the issue f trust, we’ve als reslved the issue f payment,” says the manager f Ant Financial, a cmpany in cperatin with Alibaba.
Ant Financial’s subsidiaries (子公司) include Sesame Credit, which rates peple’s credit based n their nline shpping and payment recrds. It als runs Mybank, an nline bank which extends cmmercial lans t qualified brrwers Ant-Financial’s visin is that when Chinese peple have credit, they will have wealth.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Mbile payments are very ppular thrughut China, with Alipay and WeChat Pay dminating the market. Mbile payments bring cnvenience, making transactins mre efficient, remving the prblem f unreliable data netwrks, and threatening credit card use. Alipay has als addressed the issue f trust by rating peple’s credit accrding t their nline recrds, stimulating the ecnmy.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，移动支付在中国非常流行，支付宝和微信支付主导着市场。移动支付带来了便利，使交易更加高效，并消除了数据网络不可靠的问题，威胁到信用卡的使用。支付宝还根据人们的在线记录对他们的信用进行评级，从而解决了信任问题，刺激了经济。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Peple in China are nw increasingly paying with their cell phnes.
②Mbile payment apps, Alipay and WeChat Pay, which belng t the cuntry’s leading scial messaging platfrms tgether hld 90 percent f the market, leaving Apple Pay struggling make inrads (进军市场).
③I have recently spent a day in Hangzhu, hme t Alibaba, t see hw easy t was t g cashless, and I fund it smewhat ahead f ther cities, including Beijing.
④Mbile Payments greatly imprve transactinal (交易的) efficiency.
⑤The platfrms als came up with a technical fix; by using the cellular netwrks smartphnes use, they bypassed the ften-unreliable data netwrks used by credit card payment terminals. As a result, after several years f grwth, credit card use in China began t decline arund 2008.
⑥Mbile payments have als addressed a deeper prblem: a general lack f trust in Chinese sciety.
⑦Ant Financial’s subsidiaries (子公司) include Sesame Credit, which rates peple’s credit based n their nline shpping and payment recrds. It als runs Mybank, an nline bank which extends cmmercial lans t qualified brrwers Ant-Financial’s visin is that when Chinese peple have credit, they will have wealth.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4、5三个要点进行整合，将第6、7两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Alipay has als addressed the issue f trust by rating peple’s credit accrding t their nline recrds, which stimulates the ecnmy.
Mbile payments bring cnvenience, which means they make transactins mre efficient, remve the prblem f unreliable data netwrks, and threaten credit card use.
Mbile payments including Alipay and WeChat Pay, which have dminated the market, are very ppular thrughut China.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Mbile payments are very ppular thrughut China, with Alipay and WeChat Pay dminating the market. (运用了with的复合结构)
[高分句型2] Alipay has als addressed the issue f trust by rating peple’s credit accrding t their nline recrds, stimulating the ecnmy. (运用了现在分词作状语)
V. Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets
52. 我一直相信一个人睡眠充足了才能更好地抵御情绪紊乱。(cnvince)(汉译英)
【答案】I’m always cnvinced that a persn can better fight against emtinal disrders when he sleeps well/adequately.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型及动词短语。句子陈述目前的事实，应用一般现在时。“我一直相信”可以使用固定句型，译为I’m always cnvinced that，“一个人”译为a persn，“才能更好地抵御”译为can better fight against，“情绪紊乱”译为emtinal disrders，“睡眠充足了”可以使用when引导时间状语从句，译为when he sleeps well/adequately。故翻译为I’m always cnvinced that a persn can better fight against emtinal disrders when he sleeps well/adequately.
53. 善于讲故事的人，会灵活地补充细节或删减无关的信息，以保持观众的兴趣。 (sustain) (汉译英)
【答案】A gd stryteller is flexible in adding details r editing ut irrelevant infrmatin t sustain audience’s interest.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构。本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时。表示主语“善于讲故事的人”为a gd stryteller，不定冠词加可数名词单数表泛指；主谓一致，表示“会灵活地干某事”为is flexible in ding sth；动名词作介词宾语，表示“补充细节或删减无关的信息”为adding details r editing ut irrelevant infrmatin，由r连接动名词短语；表示“以保持观众的兴趣”为动词不定式短语t sustain audience’s interest，作目的状语。句首字母大写，故翻译为A gd stryteller is flexible in adding details r editing ut irrelevant infrmatin t sustain audience’s interest.
54. 获得粉丝大量点赞后他感慨万千，回想起创业之初经历的种种磨难，他不禁失声痛哭。（can't help）(汉译英)
【答案】After receiving a lt f praise frm his fans, he was filled with different emtins and culdn't help crying ut lud when he was recalling all kinds f hardships at the beginning f his business.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态、省略和状语从句。 a lt f 许多；be filled with 充满； can't help ding情不自禁的做某事；cry ut大哭；all kinds f 各种各样的；at the beginning f 起初； 开始。从句的主语与主句的主语一致，所以从句省略主语和谓语he was。when当……时候，引导时间状语从句。主句陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。从句用过去进行时，表示过去在某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。根据句意，故翻译为After receiving a lt f praise frm his fans, he was filled with different emtins and culdn't help crying ut lud when he was recalling all kinds f hardships at the beginning f his business.
55. 作为成长在繁荣富强的社会中的青年，我们有义务向那些有需要的人伸出援助之手，这会让生活变得更有价值。(bund)(汉译英)
【答案】As yung peple grwing up in a prsperus and pwerful sciety, we are bund t lend a helping hand t thse in need, which will make life mre wrthwhile.
【解析】
【详解】考查一般现在时、现在分词作定语和非限制性定语从句。“作为成长在繁荣富强的社会中的青年”的英文表达是as yung peple grwing up in a prsperus and pwerful sciety，其中as是介词，yung peple 和动词grw之间是主动关系，是现在分词作后置定语；“我们有义务”的英文表达是we are bund；“那些有需要的人”的英文表达是thse in need；“伸出援助之手”的英文表达是lend a helping hand；“这会让生活变得更有价值”的英文表达是this will make life mre wrthwhile，使用一般将来时，表将来的动作；这里前面整个句子作先行词，后面是which引导的非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语。故答案为As yung peple grwing up in a prsperus and pwerful sciety, we are bund t lend a helping hand t thse in need, which will make life mre wrthwhile.
VI. Guided Writing
56. Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
假如你是高三学生李华，你们的英语口语课外教Tm发现课上同学们互动不积极，委托你去了解同学们的想法，经过沟通交流，你了解到有些同学对课上的话题不感兴趣，有些同学怕犯错，不敢开口，请你给Tm写封信，信的内容须包括：
1. 简述同学们的反馈；
2. 提出你的建议以及说明理由。
Dear Tm, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Tm,
Given that students are unwilling t engage themselves in the spken English class, yu have cmmissined me t learn abut why that is the case frm my classmates. I’m writing t infrm yu f students’ feedback and give yu my suggestins accrdingly.
Sme shw apparent indifference because the tpics in class culdn’t attract their attentin, while thers wuldn’t speak anything fr fear that they may make mistakes.
Befre the class, it’s ttally acceptable t survey students cncerning what their interested tpics are. While giving the class, yu may divide the students int grups and direct them t fcus n a certain task that requires teamwrk. In ding s, it culd lwer the mental barrier f sme students wh have little cnfidence t speak up. After the class, talking t students whse perfrmance isn’t as gd as yu expected, is a feasible way t knw mre abut what it was that caused the prblem, s that yu can wrk n it in future classes.
Hpe what I have suggested abve culd be f benefit t yur teaching, and I’m really lking frward t the next spken English class.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求你给你的英语口语外教Tm回一封信，因为Tm发现课上同学们互动不积极，委托你去了解同学们的想法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：suggestins→advice/recmmendatins
吸引：attract→draw/appeal
集中：fcus n→cncentrate n/fasten n/fix n
关于：cncerning→with regard t
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：I’m writing t infrm yu f students’ feedback and give yu my suggestins accrdingly.
拓展句：I am writing t reprt yu f students' feedback and prvide my suggestins accrdingly.
【点睛】【高分句型1】While giving the class, yu may divide the students int grups and direct them t fcus n a certain task that requires teamwrk. (运用了现在分词作状语和that引导的限制性定语从句。)
【高分句型2】After the class, talking t students whse perfrmance isn’t as gd as yu expected, is a feasible way t knw mre abut what it was that caused the prblem, s that yu can wrk n it in future classes. (运用了动名词作主语和whse引导的定语从句以及what引导的宾语从句。)A. assigned B. attractive C. bridge D. cperating E. expsed F. pssessins
G. requests H. screen I. scializing J. unappealing K. virtual
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passages cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Yung peple in the U. S. are experiencing a mental health crisis. Reprts frm the surgen general, and the American Psychlgical Assciatin highlight the phenmenn, with families and children trying t get a mment with ___1___ (exhaust) cunselrs, psychlgists r scial wrkers.
Scientific advances have identified effective schl-based mental health practices, such as emtinal-regulatin training that teaches children___2___ t cpe with strng feelings, r screenings t detect mental health crises befre they ccur. These insights and practices have largely been ignred. Nw is the time t act n them.___3___ lng-disprved theries f physical and mental health as being tw independent system have mtivated the annual investment f billin in medical research and physician training, few resurces are available t advance psychlgical science r a mental health wrkfrce.
The need is clear. Data frm the Centers fr Disease Cntrl and Preventin, ___4___ ne f us, Kathleen A. Ethier, is directr f adlescent and schl health, reveal that in 2009 -2019, a remarkably high number f yung peple reprted ___5___ (feel) severe emtinal distress. Specifically, in 2019, s sad and hpeless___6___ 37 percent f high schl students feel that they culdn't participate in regular activities.
The way frward can be fund in science-based psych-scial appraches that ne f us, Mitch Prinstein and ur psychlgist clleagues ___7___ (develp) ver recent decades. We have identified effective methds t prevent emtinal r behaviral distress by teaching children skills t cpe with stressrs, develp healthy scial relatinships and spt depressin warning signs. Fr instance, during the pandemic, students wh felt cnnected t thers in schl were ___8___ (likely) t experience indicatrs f pr mental health.
These prgrams require a cmmitment t the science f behavir and the implementatin f innvative initiatives. And they need resurces - t implement these preventin appraches at scale and amng ppulatins mst at need. Failure___9___ (address) this mental health crisis will result in nt nly the distress f millins f U. S. yuth tday but a change in the prductivity, success and wellness f U. S. citizens at large ____10____ this generatin matures.
【答案】1. exhausted
2. hw 3. Althugh##Thugh##While
4. where 5. having felt
6. did 7. have develped
8. less likely
9. t address
10. when## as
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述美国的年轻人正在经历精神健康危机，不能解决这些精神健康危机不仅将会导致如今美国数百万的年轻人的痛苦，当这一代人成熟的时候，还会导致广大美国市民在生产力，成功以及身心健康方面的改变。
【1题详解】
考查形容词。句意：来自卫生总监的报告和美国心理学协会强调了这一现象，家人和孩子都想和精疲力尽的心理咨询师，心理学家或者社工独处一会儿。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填形容词作定语修饰名词，exhaust的形容词为exhausting表示“令人疲惫的”和exhausted表示“疲惫的，精疲力尽的”，根据句意可知，此处表示“精疲力尽的”，所以应填exhausted。故填exhausted。
【2题详解】
考查疑问词。句意：科学进步已经确定了有效的以学校为基础的心理健康实践，例如，教孩子如何应对强烈情感的情绪调节训练或者在心理健康危机发生之前进行筛查。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填疑问词，疑问词+动词不定式，可以在句中作主语，宾语或者宾语补足语等，结合句意可知，空格处应填hw。故填hw。
【3题详解】
考查连词。句意：虽然被长期否定的作为两个独立的系统的身心健康理论已经激发了每年在医学研究和医师培训方面投入数十亿美元，但是很少有资源用于发展心理科学或心理健康工作队伍。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填状语从句的引导词，根据句意可知，此处表示“虽然，尽管”，所以应填althugh/thugh/while，放句首时首字母大写。故填Althugh/Thugh/While。
【4题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我们当中的一员Kathleen A. Ethier是疾病控制和预防中心的青少年和学校卫生主任，来自它的数据表明，在2009到2019年间有相当多的年轻人报告感到严重的情绪困扰。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填定语从句的引导词，先行词为the Centers fr Disease Cntrl and Preventin,，为地点，且从句中缺少状语，所以应填关系副词where。故填where。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们当中的一员Kathleen A. Ethier是疾病控制和预防中心的青少年和学校卫生主任，来自它的数据表明，在2009到2019年间有相当多的年轻人报告感到严重的情绪困扰。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填非谓语动词，根据句意可知，此处的动作先于reprted发生，所以应填having felt。故填having felt。
【6题详解】
考查倒装。句意：特别是在2019年，37%的高中生感到太难过和绝望以至于他们不能参加日常的活动。表示“如此……以至于……”，s+形容词部分放句首时引起部分倒装：把助动词、情态动词或者系动词放主语之前；分析句子结构可知，此处应填助动词，结合所给时间状语in 2019可知，空格处应填did。故填did。
【7题详解】
考查时态。句意：前进的道路可以在以科学为基础的心理社会方法中找到，这些方法，我们当中的一员Mitch Prinstein和我们的心理学家同事们最近几十年一直在研究。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填谓语动词，结合所给时间状语ver recent decades可知，应用现在完成时，从句中主语that指代先行词appraches为复数，且与develp之间关系为主动，所以应填have develped。故填have develped。
【8题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：例如，在新冠期间，在学校里与他人有联系的学生很少有心理健康状况不佳的反映。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填形容词的比较级，结合句意可知，应填less likely。故填less likely。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：不能解决这些精神健康危机不仅将会导致如今美国数百万的年轻人的痛苦，当这一代人成熟的时候，还会导致广大美国市民在生产力，成功以及身心健康方面的改变。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填非谓语动词，failure t d sth.表示“做某事的不成功”，所以应填t address。故填t address。
【10题详解】
考查连词。句意：不能解决这些精神健康危机不仅将会导致如今美国数百万的年轻人的痛苦，当这一代人成熟的时候，还会导致广大美国市民在生产力，成功以及身心健康方面的改变。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填连词连接两个句子，根据句意可知，此处表示“当……时”，所以应填when/ as。故填when/ as。
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
The ffice used t be a place peple went because they had t. Meetings happened in cnference rms and in persn. Desks tk up mst f the space. The kingdm f Dilbert and f David Brent is nw under threat. The pandemic has ___11___ the ffice t cmpetitin frm remte wrking, and brught up questins abut hw it shuld be designed in the future.
Start with what the ffice is fr. In the past it was a place fr emplyees t get their wrk dne whatever frm that tk. Nw ther cnceptins f its rle strive fr attentin. Sme think f the ffice as the new ffsite (异地活动) . Its purpse is t get peple tgether in persn s they can d the things that remte wrking makes harder: establishing deeper relatinships r ___12___ in real time n specific prjects. Others talk f the ffice as a destinatin, a place that has t make the idea f getting ut f bed earlier, in rder t scialize with peple wh may have cvid-19, seem ___13___ .
In ther wrds, a layut that is largely devted t peple wrking at desks alngside the same clleagues each day all feels very 2019. With fewer peple cming in and mre emphasis n cperatin, fewer desks will be ___14___ t individuals. Instead, there will be mre shared areas, where peple in a team can wrk tgether flexible. Mre ht-desking (轮用办公桌) will als necessitate strage space fr persnal ___15___ : lckers may sn be back in yur life.
T ___16___ gaps between teams, ne strategy is t set aside mre f the ffice t present the wrk f each department. Anther ptin is t prvide everyne with drink. Expect mre space t be set aside fr ___17___ and events. Bars in ffices are apparently ging t be a thing. Rbin Avia f Gensler, an architecture firm, says she is seeing lts f ___18___ fr places, like large auditriums, where a cmpany's clients can have “experiences”.
Designs fr the pst-cvid ffice must als allw fr hybrid wrk. Meetings have t wrk fr ___19___ participants as well as fr in-persn cntributrs; cameras, screens and micrphnes will multiply. Gensler's New Yrk ffices feature mini-meeting rms that have a mnitr and a half-table sticking ut frm the wall belw it, with seating fr 4 r 5 peple arranged t face the ___20___, nt each ther.
【答案】11. E 12. D
13. B 14. A
15. F 16. C
17. I 18. G
19. K 20. H
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了疫情导致的办公室布置和格局的变化。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：疫情使办公室面临远程办公的竞争，并提出了未来如何设计办公室的问题。结合下文的介词t可知，此处构成固定搭配expse sth. t...意思为“将某物暴露于”，故用过去分词expsed，与前面的has构成现在完成时。故选E。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：它的目的是让人们聚在一起，这样他们就可以完成远程工作变得更加困难的事情；建立更深层次的关系或在特定项目上进行实时合作。结合上文“get peple tgether in persn (让人们聚在一起)”可知，在办公室人们可以聚到一起，目的之一是进行实时合作。故该空处意思为“合作”，故用cperating，与r前面的establishing构成选择关系。故选D。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：其他人则将办公室视为一个目的地，一个必须让人们早点起床，以便与可能患有新冠肺炎的人交往的地方，这似乎很有吸引力。结合上文“seem”和句子意思可知，该空处意思为“有吸引力的”，故用形容词attractive，作表语。故选B。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：随着进来的人越来越少，越来越强调合作，分配给个人的办公桌将越来越少。结合下文“Instead, there will be mre shared areas, where peple in a team can wrk tgether flexible. Mre ht-desking will als necessitate strage space fr persnal pssessins (相反，将会有更多的共享区域，团队中的人们可以灵活地在一起工作。更多的办公桌轮换制也将需要储存个人物品的空间)”可知，分配给个人的办公桌将越来越少，故该空处意思为“分配”，且主语fewer desks与动词assign为被动关系，故用过去分词assigned，will be assigned，为一般将来时的被动语态。故选A。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：更多的办公桌轮换制也将需要储存个人物品的空间：储物柜可能很快就会回到你的生活中。结合上文的“necessitate strage space (需要存储空间)”和下文“lckers may sn be back in yur life (储物柜可能很快就会回到你的生活中)”可知，该空处意思为“个人财产”，故用名词pssessin，用作“个人财产”之意时通常用复数形式pssessins，作介词fr的宾语。故选F。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：为了消除团队之间的差距，一种策略是留出更多的办公室来展示每个部门的工作。结合上文“gaps between teams(团队之间的差距)”可知，该空处意思为“消除”，故用动词bridge，t bridge gaps between teams作目的状语。故选C。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：预计会有更多的空间留给社交和活动。结合下文“Bars in ffices are apparently ging t be a thing. (办公室里的酒吧显然将成为一种风尚。)”可知，办公室里的酒吧是让人社交的地方，故该空处意思为“社交”，故用名词scializing，作介词fr的宾语。故选I。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：一家名为Gensler的建筑公司的Rbin Avia说，她看到了很多对场地的需求，比如大型礼堂，公司的客户可以在那里“体验”。结合下文“like large auditriums, where a cmpany’s clients can have “experiences ”. (比如大型礼堂，公司的客户可以在那里“体验”。)”可知，空后举例说明了对新用途的空间的需求，故该空处意思为“需求”，且用于lts f后，故用可数名词复数requests，作宾语。故选G。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：会议必须既适用于虚拟参与者，也适用于现场贡献者；摄像头、屏幕和麦克风将成倍增加。结合下文“as well as fr in-persn cntributrs ( 以及现场贡献者)”可知，会议必须既适用于虚拟参与者，也适用于现场贡献者，故该空处意思为“虚拟的”，故用形容词virtual，作定语，修饰后面的名词participants。故选K。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：Gensler在纽约的办公室有一个迷你会议室，里面有一个显示器和一张半张桌子，桌子下面的墙伸出来，座位可以容纳4到5人，他们面对着屏幕，而不是彼此。结合上文“have a mnitr (有一个显示器)”和下文“nt each ther (而不是彼此)”可知，会议室有显示器，故开会的人会面对屏幕，故该空处意思为“屏幕”，故用名词screen ，结合前面的a mnitr可知，screen也用单数形式。故选H。
Ⅲ. Reading Cmprehensins
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage, there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Restaurant and htel bsses have had a tugh year. Sme 700, 000 hspitality wrkers threw in the ___21___ n average each mnth in the past year. Bars, cafes and restaurants are 1.3m wrkers ___22___ relative t the 16.9m emplyed befre cvid-19. The quite rate in leisure and hspitality jumped by a percentage pint, t 6.4%. ___23___ frm the Omicrn Variant may make matters wrse; as cases increased greatly in December, restaurant ftfall (客流) fell ___24___
As in ther industries, wrkers in hspitality are leaving fr varius reasns, frm fear f infectin t ___25___ pprtunities elsewhere. But ne big mtive is burnut. Surveys find that ___26___ stress is a grwing cncern acrss the labur market, but dissatisfactin is especially high in service rles, where hybrid wrk is nt pssible. Data shwed that emplyees ___27___ the hspitality sectr as ne f the wrst fr wrk-life balance. Wrkers reprt that new tasks such as dealing with angry custmers and ___28___ health mandates (指令) have added t the burden.
Wrk in restaurants and htels can be physically ___29___ . prly paid and unpredictable. Unlike white-cllar wrkers, wh suffer frm needing t be cnstantly available, service wrkers burn ut as a result f uncertain ___30___ and a lack f cntrl ver time, says Ashley Whillans f Harvard Business Schl. Ian Ck f Visier, a human-resurces-analytics firm, says that time ff during lck-dwns gave emplyees an pprtunity t ___31___ their relatinship with “fragile and lw paid wrk.”
Firms have ___32___ t respnd. Many fd and accmmdatin businesses have raised wages - by an average f 8. 1% year n year in the third quarter, the highest increase n recrd. ___33___ , that many nt be enugh. In ne pll f hspitality ver half said higher pay will nt tempt them back by itself.
Daniel Zha, an ecnmist At Glass-dr, fresees a permanent reductin t the hspitality wrkfrce. As sme wrkers quite, thse wh remain must pick up the slack, leading t mre stress. This ___34___ gives birth t mre exits, and s n. ___35___ an ageing ppulatin, with decreasing numbers f yung peple prepared t wrk in kitchens r sweep htel crridrs, and hspitality businesses may be cntending with (难应对) blue-cllar burnut fr years t cme.
21.
A. wrapB. vacatinC. twelD. identity
22.
A. spareB. richC. shrtD. scarce
23.
A. CntributinB. UncertaintyC. RemedyD. Cnsequence
24.
A. cincidentallyB. sharplyC. suddenlyD. temprarily
25.
A. rareB. betterC. ccasinalD. unclear
26.
A. primaryB. pessimisticC. mmentaryD. lng-term
27.
A. calculateB. apprachC. inspectD. rate
28.
A. refrmingB. regulatingC. enfrcingD. engaging
29.
A. relaxingB. challengingC. drainingD. inviting
30.
A. schedulesB. paymentsC. exchangesD. prspects
31.
A. inquire intB. reflect nC. accunt frD. answer fr
32.
A. rushedB. failedC. hesitatedD. expected
33.
A. HenceB. MreverC. SimilarlyD. Nnetheless
34.
A. in returnB. in a rwC. in turnD. in advance
35.
A. ExcludeB. FllwC. CncernD. Add
【答案】21. C 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. B 26. D 27. D 28. C 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了酒吧、咖啡馆和餐馆等服务行业就业人数减少的原因。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去的一年里，平均每个月大约有70万名酒店员工辞职。A. wrap包裹；B. vacatin度假；C. twel毛巾；D. identity身份。根据后文的“Bars, cafes and restaurants are 1.3m wrkers ___2___ relative t the 16.9m emplyed befre cvid-19.”可知，与新冠疫情前相比，酒吧、咖啡馆和餐馆的员工缺口为130万人，故可推测员工纷纷辞职。thrw in the twel意为“放弃”，在本句中指员工辞职。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：酒吧、咖啡馆和餐馆的就业人数比新冠疫情前的1690万少了130万。 A. spare备用的；B. rich富有的；C. shrt短缺的；D. scarce缺乏的。根据后文的“The quite rate in leisure and hspitality jumped by a percentage pint, t 6.4%.”可知，休闲和酒店业的辞职率上升了一个百分点，故可推测出员工比疫情前少了很多。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意： 奥密克戎变异株的不确定性可能会让事情变得更糟；由于12月份病例大幅增加，餐馆客流量急剧下降。A. Cntributin贡献；B. Uncertainty不确定性；C. Remedy救济，治疗；D. Cnsequence结果。根据后文的“frm the Omicrn Variant may make matters wrse”可知，奥密克戎具有不确定性，而这可能会让事情变得更糟。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：奥密克戎变异株的不确定性可能会让事情变得更糟；由于12月份病例大幅增加，餐馆客流量急剧下降。A. cincidentally巧合；B. sharply急剧地；C. suddenly突然；D. temprarily暂时。根据前文的“as cases increased greatly in December”可知，12月份病例大幅增加，所以餐馆客流量急剧下降。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与其他行业一样，酒店业的员工也因为各种原因离开，从害怕感染到到其他地方有更好的机会都有。A. rare稀有；B. better更好的；C. ccasinal偶尔；D. unclear不清楚。根据前文的“wrkers in hspitality are leaving fr varius reasns”和后文的“pprtunities”可知，员工离开，有的是因为寻找更好的机会。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：调查发现，长期压力是整个劳动力市场日益关注的问题，但服务业的不满情绪尤其高，因为服务业不可能实现混合工作。A. primary初级的；B. pessimistic悲观的；C. mmentary瞬时；D. lng-term长期的。根据后文的“stress is a grwing cncern acrss the labur market”可知，压力是整个劳动力市场日益关注的问题，而这种压力应是长期的，才会造成员工离开。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：数据显示，员工评价酒店业是工作与生活平衡最差的行业之一。 A. calculate计算；B. apprach方法；C. inspect检查；D. rate评价。根据前文的“but dissatisfactin is especially high in service rles”和后文的“the hspitality sectr as ne f the wrst fr wrk-life balance”可知，员工对酒店业的工作与生活平衡方面评价不高。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：工人们报告说，处理愤怒的顾客和强制执行健康规定等新任务增加了他们的负担。A. refrming改革；B. regulating调节；C. enfrcing强制执行；D. engaging从事。根据前文的“Bars, cafes and restaurants are 1. 3m wrkers 2 relative t the 16. 9m emplyed befre cvid-19.”可知，疫情期间，服务业员工辞职率高，部分原因是疫情期间一些健康规定需要强制执行，这增加了他们的负担。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在餐馆和酒店工作会让人精疲力竭。A. relaxing令人放松的；B. challenging挑战性的；C. draining使疲惫的；D. inviting吸引人的。根据后文的“service wrkers burn ut”可知，服务工作者精疲力竭，故在餐馆和酒店工作会让人精疲力竭。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：哈佛商学院的阿什利•惠兰斯表示，与需要时刻保持联系的白领不同，服务工作者因不确定的日程安排和缺乏对时间的控制而精疲力竭。A. schedules日程安排；B. payments付款；C. exchanges交换；D. prspects前景。根据后文的“a lack f cntrl ver time”可知，服务工作者缺乏对时间的控制，这就意味着他们不确定的日程安排。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：维则人力资源分析公司的伊恩•库克表示，停工期间的休假让员工有机会反思他们与“脆弱而低薪的工作”之间的关系。A. inquire int调查；B. reflect n反思；C. accunt fr说明；D. answer fr（对问题）负有很大责任。根据后文的“their relatinship with “fragile and lw paid wrk.””可知，员工对他们与工作的关系进行反思。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：各公司纷纷做出回应。A. rushed冲向；B. failed失败；C. hesitated犹豫；D. expected预期。根据后文的“Many fd and accmmdatin businesses have raised wages - by an average f 8.1% year n year in the third quarter, the highest increase n recrd. ”可知，许多食品和住宿企业已经提高了工资，这是针对员工辞职这件事各公司做出的回应。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这么多还不够。A. Hence因此；B. Mrever此外；C. Similarly类似地；D. Nnetheless尽管如此。根据后文的“In ne pll f hspitality ver half said higher pay will nt tempt them back by itself.”可知，在一项关于酒店业的民意调查中，超过一半的人表示，高工资本身不会吸引他们回去，故可知各公司涨工资的行为是不够的，不足以吸引人们回去。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：这反过来又产生了更多的离去，以此类推。A. in return作为回报；B. in a rw成一行；C. in turn反过来；D. in advance提前。根据前文的“As sme wrkers quite, thse wh remain must pick up the slack, leading t mre stress.”可知，随着一些员工离职，那些留下来的人必须收拾残局，从而导致更大的压力，反过来又导致更多人离去。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：再加上人口老龄化，准备在厨房工作或打扫酒店走廊的年轻人越来越少，酒店业可能会在未来几年里与蓝领倦怠作斗争。A. Exclude不包括；B. Fllw跟随；C. Cncern关注；D. Add添加。根据前文的“Daniel Zha, an ecnmist At Glass-dr, fresees a permanent reductin t the hspitality wrkfrce.”可知，酒店业的艰难运行，一个原因是酒店业的劳动力将永久性减少，人口老龄化也会增加人员不足的困难。故选D项。
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing tw passage. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
A
N wman can be t rich r t thin. This saying ften attributed t the late Duchess (公爵夫人) f Windsr represents much f the dd spirit f ur times. Being thin is cnsidered as such virtue.
The prblem with such a view is that sme peple actually attempt t live by it. I myself have fantasies f slipping int narrw designer clches. Cnsequently, I have been n a diet fr the better r wrse-part f my life. Being rich wuldn’t be bad either, but that wn’t happen unless an unknwn relative dies suddenly in sme distant land, leaving me millins f dllars.
Where did we g ff the track? When did eating butter becme a sin, and a little bit f extra flesh unappealing, if nt upsetting? Until quite recently, mst peple had a prblem getting enugh t eat. In sme religius grups, wealth was a symbl f prbable salvatin (救助) and high mrals, and fatness a sign f wealth and well-being.
Tday the ppsite is true We have shifted t thinness as ur new mark f virtue. The result is that being fat—r ever nly smewhat verweight—is bad because it implies a lack f mral strength.
Our bsessin with thinness is als fueled by health cncerns. It is true that in this cuntry we have mre verweight peple than ever befre, and that in many cases, being verweight is assciated with an increased risk f heart and bld vessel disease. These diseases, hwever, may have as much t d with ur way f life and ur high-fat diets as with excess weight. And the assciated risk f cancer in the digestive system may be mre f a dietary prblem—t much fat and a lack f fiber—than a weight prblem.
The real cncern, then, is nt that we weight t much, but that we neither exercise enugh nr eat well. Exercise is necessary fr strng bnes and bth heart and lung health. A balanced diet withut a lt f fat can als help the bdy avid many diseases. We shuld surely stp paying s much attentin t weight. Simply being thin is nt enugh. It is actually hazardus if thse wh get (r already are) thin think they are autmatically healthy and thus free frm paying attentin t their verall life-style. Thinness can be pure vainglry.
36. In the eyes f the authr, an dd phenmenn nwadays is that ________.
A. the Duchess f Windsr is regarded as a wman f virtue
B. lking slim is a symbl f having a large frtune
C. being thin is viewed as a much desired quality
D. religius peple are nt necessarily kind-hearted
37. In human histry, peple’s views n bdy weight ________.
A. were clsely related t their religius beliefsB. changed frm time t time
C. varied between the pr and the richD. led t different mral standards
38. What des the underlined wrd “vainglry” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Great hnur.B. Outdated cncept.C. Self-relianceD. Excessive pride.
39. The authr criticizes wmen’s bsessin with thinness ________.
A frm an ecnmic and educatinal perspective
B. frm scilgical and medical pints f view
C. frm a histrical and religius standpint
D. in the light f mral principles
【答案】36. C 37. B 38. D 39. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，作者在文章中谈论了自己对大众以瘦为美的看法。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“This saying ften attributed t the late Duchess (公爵夫人) f Windsr represents much f the dd spirit f ur times. Being thin is cnsidered as such virtue.(这句话经常被认为是已故温莎公爵夫人的名言，代表了我们这个时代的古怪精神。变瘦被认为是这种美德。)”可知，我们这个时代的古怪现象是变瘦被视为一种想要的品质。故选C。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Until quite recently, mst peple had a prblem getting enugh t eat. In sme religius grups, wealth was a symbl f prbable salvatin (救助) and high mrals, and fatness a sign f wealth and well-being.(直到最近，大多数人都有吃不饱的问题。在一些宗教团体中，财富是有希望获得救赎和高尚道德的象征，肥胖是财富和幸福的象征。)”和第四段中的“Tday the ppsite is true. We have shifted t thinness as ur new mark f virtue.(今天情况正好相反。我们已经把瘦作为我们美德的新标志。)”可知，直到最近，人们认为肥胖是财富和幸福的象征，而现在人们把瘦作为美德。由此可推测出，我们对体重的看法会随着时代变化而变化。故选B。
【38题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句前的“We shuld surely stp paying s much attentin t weight. Simply being thin is nt enugh. It is actually hazardus if thse wh get (r already are) thin think they are autmatically healthy and thus free frm paying attentin t their verall life-style.(我们当然不应该再那么关注体重了。仅仅瘦是不够的。如果那些变瘦——或已经变瘦——的人认为自己会自动变健康，从而不关注自己的整体生活方式，这实际上是危险的。)”可知，我们不应该过多关注体重，变瘦并不意味着变健康，如果不关注自己整体的生活方式，这实际上会很危险，由此可推测出，画线词所在句表达的是“瘦可能纯粹是一种虚荣”，这里是对前文只关注瘦而不关注整体生活方式这种片面行为的评价。vainglry意为“自负，极度的虚荣心”，与D项意思最接近。故选D。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We have shifted t thinness as ur new mark f virtue.(我们已经把瘦作为我们美德的新标志。)”和第五段首句“Our bsessin with thinness is als fueled by health cncerns.(健康问题也助长了我们对瘦的痴迷。)”并结合这两段内容可知，第四段和第五段分别从道德和健康两个方面谈论了女性对瘦的痴迷，由此可推测出，作者从社会学和医学的角度批评了女性对瘦的追捧。故选B。
B
New understanding f the relatin between thught and emtin have strengthened the scientific fundatin f the study f emtinal intelligence. Using a simple decisin-making task, neurlgist Antni R. Damasi and his clleagues at the University f lw a have prvided cnvincing evidence that emtin and reasn are essentially inseparable. In the early 1990s Damasi had peple participate in a gambling task in which the gal is t maximize prfit n a lan f play mney. Participants were instructed t select 100 cards, ne at a time, frm fur different decks. The experimenter arranged the cards such that tw f the decks prvided larger payffs ($100 cmpared t nly $50) but als dled ut (按份额发放) larger penalties at unpredictable intervals.
One grup f participants in this study had been identified as having lesins (捐赠害) t the ventrmedial prefrntal crtex f the brain. Patients with this type f brain damage have nrmal intellectual functin but are unable t use emtin in making decisins. The ther grup was nrmal, meaning that their brains were fully intact. Because there was n way fr any f the players t calculate precisely which decks were riskier, they had t rely n their “gut” feelings t avid lsing mney.
Damasi’s grup demnstrated that the brain-lesin patients failed t pay attentin t these feelings and thus lst significantly mre mney. Therefre, defects in the brain that impair emtin and feeling detectin can impair decisin-making. Damasi cncluded that “individuals make judgments nt nly by assessing the severity f utcmes, but als and primarily in terms f their emtinal quality.”
40. Hw much can ne participant get if he r she keeps picking cards frm Deck C and D?
A. Almst $1. 250B. Abut $5. 000.C. Arund $2. 500.D. Hard t tell.
41. What can we infer frm the passage and pictures?
A. The brain-damaged patients rely n their emtin t play games.
B. There is n significant difference between the brain-damaged and nrmal participants
C. The nrmal participants are likely t win mre mney because f their reasning ability.
D. The brain-damaged participants may lse mre mney than the nrmal participants
42. Which f the fllwing chart best represents the result f card selectin f thse with ventrmedial lesin?
A. B.
C. D.
【答案】40. C 41. D 42. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是通过一个简单的决策任务，神经学家Antni R. Damasi和他的同事们提供了令人信服的证据，证明情感和理性在本质上是不可分割的。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Participants were instructed t select 100 cards, ne at a time, frm fur different decks.(参与者被要求从四副不同的牌组中选择100张牌，每次一张。)”和图片中的Deck C和Deck D下面的字“net gain $250 every 10 card picked(每抽10张牌净赚250美元)”可知，如果一个参与者一直从C和D牌中抽牌，他或她可以得到的钱是$250乘以10，等于$2500，故选C。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Damasi’s grup demnstrated that the brain-lesin patients failed t pay attentin t these feelings and thus lst significantly mre mney.(Damasi的研究小组证明，脑损伤患者没有注意到这些感觉，因此损失了更多的钱。)”可知，脑损伤的参与者可能比正常的参与者损失更多的钱。故选D。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Patients with this type f brain damage have nrmal intellectual functin but are unable t use emtin in making decisins. The ther grup was nrmal, meaning that their brains were fully intact. Because there was n way fr any f the players t calculate precisely which decks were riskier, they had t rely n their “gut” feelings t avid lsing mney.(患有这种类型脑损伤的患者具有正常的智力功能，但在做决定时无法运用情感。另一组是正常的，这意味着他们的大脑完全完好无损。因为玩家无法准确计算出哪副牌风险更大，所以他们只能依靠自己的“直觉”来避免赔钱。)”和最后一段的“Damasi’s grup demnstrated that the brain-lesin patients failed t pay attentin t these feelings and thus lst significantly mre mney.(Damasi的研究小组证明，脑损伤患者没有注意到这些感觉，因此损失了更多的钱。)”可知，脑损伤患者会损失更多的钱，所以A的图表最能代表腹内侧病变患者的卡片选择结果。故选A。
C
There are certain areas n Mars where we dn’t dare tread. NASA frbids spacecraft frm visiting spts that pssibly hst liquid water, and s where life might be able t thrive, fr fear t plluting Mars with Earth micrbes (微生物) . But an analysis f the salty liquids n Mars suggests we needn’t wrry, because life as we knw it shuld be unable t exist anywhere n the planet’s surface.
Edgard Rivera-Valentin at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Texas and his clleagues used readings f the temperature and relative humidity acrss Mars t map the presence f salty water. Any water n the surface is likely t be salty, simply because the surface is. This bsts the chances f water being liquid because salt lwers its freezing pint.
It is like when yu thrw salt n an icy sidewalk, says Danielle Nuding at NASA’s Jet Prpulsin Labratry in Califrnia. “It’s the same chemistry happening.” Unfrtunately, the saltier the water, the less likely anything can survive in it The team fund that even thugh there culd be salty water n the surface f Mars up t 18 per cent f the year, depending n the seasn, n micrbe we have even seen n Earth wuld be able t reprduce there.
“Life as we knw it is nt ging t find the brines (盐水) and survive because it’s either ging t be way t cld r way t salty,” says Rivera-Valentin, wh presented the results at the Lunar and Planetary Science Cnference in Texas That desn’t mean we can’t pllute Mars; brines with different types f salts mixed tgether might be friendlier t life and temperatures just belw the surface are much less extreme. Nevertheless, as lng as we dn’t dig dwn, it might be highly unlikely r even impssible fr rvers such as Curisity t pllute Mars.
“The levels f sterilisatin (杀毒) that we’ve dne with Curisity shuld be gd enugh t ignre [the ban n visiting] what we’ve been calling ‘special regins’ until nw,” says Jennifer Hanley at Lwell Observatry in Arizna. “I think that we’re OK t g.” Visiting these regins wuld be particularly helpful because, while they are in thery the mst vulnerable areas n Mars, they are als the mst interesting.
Fr example, arguments have been raging fr ver a decade abut whether dark streaks n Martian slpes called recurring slpe lineae are flwing water r just dust. A quick visit by Curisity, which is near an area where the flws ften frm, culd slve it nce and fr all.
Even if areas with water are inhspitable t Earth life, they culd still be hme t native Martian life frms
“If yu had life that riginated n Mars when it was mre habitable, it culd be that as Mars changed, life culd have gradually adapted t the new, mre extreme cnditins,” says Rivera-Valentin.
43. NASA frbids spacecraft frm visiting the special regins n Mars because ________.
A. life is unable t thrive there, thus there’s n pint f visiting them
B. Martian life prbably exists there and might threaten human beings
C. they wrry Earth micrbes might survive there, thus plluting Mars
D. human beings knw nthing abut these areas and they are dangerus t us
44. Which f the fllwing statements is true?
A. Mars’ surface being salty prvides evidence that Mars hsts liquid water
B. Earth life is unlikely t pllute Mars because the surface f the planet is either t cld r t salty
C. The fear f plluting Mars is unnecessary because human beings have n intentin f that under any circumstances
D. Jennifer Hanley thinks human beings shuld explre the special regins n Mars in rder t prve the existence f Martian life.
45 What is the pint f visiting the special regins n Mars?
A. Martian life might be fund.
B. Liquid water might be fund.
C. Many puzzles abut Mars culd sn be slved.
D. N humans have ever visited thse regins befre.
46 Which might be the best title fr the passage?
A. Water n Mars t Salty fr Earth LifeB. Curisity rver; The ultimate guide
C. Mysteries f Mars t be UnveiledD. The Salty Water f Life
【答案】43. C 44. B 45. C 46. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国国家航空航天局禁止航天器访问火星上可能存在液态水，即生命可能繁衍的地方，以免地球微生物污染火星。但新的研究表明火星上液态水太咸、太冷，人类所知道的生命不可能在火星表面生存下来。我们应该解除禁令，访问这些特殊区域，帮人类解开火星谜题。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“NASA frbids spacecraft frm visiting spts that pssibly hst liquid water, and s where life might be able t thrive, fr fear t plluting Mars with Earth micrbes (微生物).(由于担心地球上的微生物污染火星，美国宇航局禁止航天器访问可能存在液态水的地方，也就是生命可能茁壮成长的地方。)”可知，美国宇航局禁止航天器访问火星上的特殊区域是因为他们担心地球上的微生物可能在那里生存，从而污染火星。故选C项。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Life as we knw it is nt ging t find the brines (盐水) and survive because it’s either ging t be way t cld r way t salty,(我们所知道的生命是不可能找到盐水并存活下来的，因为要么太冷，要么太咸，)”可知，火星表面要么太冷，要么太咸，地球上的生命不太可能在上面存活下来，所以“Earth life is unlikely t pllute Mars because the surface f the planet is either t cld r t salty (地球上的生命不太可能污染火星，因为火星表面要么太冷，要么太咸)”是正确的表述。故选B项。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据六段中“Fr example, arguments have been raging fr ver a decade abut whether dark streaks n Martian slpes called recurring slpe lineae are flwing water r just dust. A quick visit by Curisity, which is near an area where the flws ften frm, culd slve it nce and fr all.(例如，关于火星斜坡上被称为循环斜坡线的深色条纹是流动的水还是只是灰尘的争论已经持续了十多年。“好奇号”只要靠近一个水流经常形成的区域，它的快速访问可以一劳永逸地解决这个问题。)”可知，访问火星上那些特殊区域可以帮助人们解决许多火星之谜。故选C项。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“NASA frbids spacecraft frm visiting spts that pssibly hst liquid water, and s where life might be able t thrive, fr fear t plluting Mars with Earth micrbes (微生物). But an analysis f the salty liquids n Mars suggests we needn’t wrry, because life as we knw it shuld be unable t exist anywhere n the planet’s surface.(由于担心地球上的微生物污染火星，美国宇航局禁止航天器访问可能存在液态水的地方，也就是生命可能茁壮成长的地方。但对火星上含盐液体的分析表明，我们不必担心，因为我们所知道的生命应该无法在火星表面的任何地方存在。)”可知，对于美国国家航空航天局禁止航天器访问火星上可能存在液态水的地方，以免地球微生物污染火星的禁令，文章用研究结论证明火星上液态水太咸、太冷，人类所知道的生命不可能在火星表面生存下来。由此推知“Water n Mars t Salty fr Earth Life (火星上的水对地球生命来说太咸了)”是文章最佳标题。故选A项。
Sectin C
Directins: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Fear is gd; in emergencies, it enables us t fight r flee. But ften we get scared at the wrng time - when we step nt the field fr a big sccer game r up t the micrphne at a large twn meeting. Prfessinal athletes and actrs say sme nervusness help them cncentrate better. But, when perfrmance anxiety is t pwerful, it undermines ur effrts; a vilinist cannt find the crrect ntes, a manager in a meeting frgets all the talking pints. ____47____.
The human anxiety reactin begins almst autmatically and includes clear physilgical symptms; a racing heart, sweating, stmach pains. Sme peple have truble breathing r feel faint. Thus alarmed, victims may withdraw int themselves r shck thers arund them with aggressive utbursts. If the need t perfrm is a regular requirement, they may suffer frm nightmares r fall int depressin. ____48____ Studies reveal that anxiety-plagued executives and less able t apply lgical intelligence n standard tests than calmer clleagues
____49____ Yet psychlgist Duglas H. Pwell f Harvard Medical Schl is cnvinced that severe stage fright is a phenmenn unt itself, given that it appears in nly certain well-defined situatins. Sciphbes (社恐的人) , in cntrast, suffer merely when thers are present. Whereas peple with scial phbias fear the negative feelings f thers, thse swith perfrmance anxiety are their wn harshest critics. They are perfectinists and wuld rather cancel an appearance — r avid it —than nt meet their wn standards and, by extensin, nt be able t demnstrate hw gd they are.
This destructive style f thinking ften arises frm a lack f self-esteem.____50____ Previus bad experiences can be a trigger —an embarrassing experience in a schl play r a single failed test can smetimes aruse such strng feelings f shame in yungsters that as adults they will avid any remtely similar undertaking.
A. Sme therapists utilize techniques that act against the physical symptms f fear.
B. Survival may ht hang in the balance, but scial, prfessinal r financial success can seem t be in grave danger.
C. All these symptms eat away at the very resurces needed t rise t the ccasin: steady hands, clear memry and a cl head.
D. The individual begins by imagining failure, wrks himself r herself int a state and then criticizes his r her wn abilities.
E. At Harvard, Pwell fund that facing anxiety can be a hard task, but many times the fear arises frm cmpletely cntrllable precnditins.
F. Because perfrmance anxiety arises when ther peple are present, many psychlgists believe that the cnditin is a sub-categry f scial anxiety.
【答案】47. B 48. C 49. F 50. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在公共场所的恐惧和焦虑所带来的不好的影响。
【47题详解】
空前“But, when perfrmance anxiety is t pwerful, it undermines ur effrts; a vilinist cannt find the crrect ntes, a manager in a meeting frgets all the talking pints.(但是，当表现焦虑过于强烈时，它会破坏我们的努力；小提琴手找不到正确的音符，经理在会议上忘记了所有的谈话要点。)”说明过于焦虑并不好，空格处应该继续说过于焦虑的坏处，B选项“Survival may ht hang in the balance, but scial, prfessinal r financial success can seem t be in grave danger.(生死未定，但社会、职业或经济上的成功似乎都处于严重危险之中。)”说明的是过于焦虑所带来的不好的影响，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选B。
【48题详解】
空前“The human anxiety reactin begins almst autmatically and includes clear physilgical symptms; a racing heart, sweating, stmach pains. Sme peple have truble breathing r feel faint. Thus alarmed, victims may withdraw int themselves r shck thers arund them with aggressive utbursts. If the need t perfrm is a regular requirement, they may suffer frm nightmares r fall int depressin.(人类的焦虑反应几乎是自动开始的，包括明显的生理症状；心跳加速，出汗，胃痛。有些人呼吸困难或感到头晕。因此，受到惊吓的受害者可能会退缩到自己身上，或者用攻击性的爆发来震惊周围的人。如果需要表演是一种经常性的需求，他们可能会做噩梦或陷入抑郁。)”说明的是一些焦虑的症状，空格处应该对这些症状进行评论，C选项“All these symptms eat away at the very resurces needed t rise t the ccasin; steady hands, clear memry and a cl head.(所有这些症状都在消耗应对突发事件所需的资源：稳定的双手、清晰的记忆和冷静的头脑。)”是对这些症状所带来的影响的描述，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
【49题详解】
空后“Yet psychlgist Duglas H. Pwell f Harvard Medical Schl is cnvinced that severe stage fright is a phenmenn unt itself, given that it appears in nly certain well-defined situatins.(然而，哈佛医学院的心理学家Duglas H. Pwell相信，严重的怯场本身就是一种现象，因为它只在某些明确界定的情况下出现。)”说明Duglas H. Pwell认为严重的怯场本身就是一种现象，因为它只在某些明确界定的情况下出现，由Yet可知，前面讲的是和空后内容相反的观点，也就是另外的一些心理学家的观点，F选项“Because perfrmance anxiety arises when ther peple are present, many psychlgists believe that the cnditin is a sub-categry f scial anxiety.(因为表演焦虑是在其他人在场的情况下产生的，许多心理学家认为这种情况是社交焦虑的一个子类。)”说明的是其他心理学家的观点，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选F。
【50题详解】
空前“This destructive style f thinking ften arises frm a lack f self-esteem.(这种破坏性的思维方式往往源于缺乏自尊。)”说明的是这种破坏性的思维方式所带来的不好的结果，空格处应继续描述不好的结果，D选项“The individual begins by imagining failure, wrks himself r herself int a state and then criticizes his r her wn abilities.(个体开始想象失败，使自己进入一种状态，然后批评自己的能力。)”说明的是前面作者破坏性思维所带来的后果，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
IV. Summary Writing
51. Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main pint (s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
The Bming f Mbile Payment
Peple in China are nw increasingly paying with their cell phnes. Accrding t the statistics, Chinese spent $5.5 trillin thrugh mbile payment platfrms last year, abut 50 times the amunt in America.
Mbile payment apps, Alipay and WeChat Pay, which belng t the cuntry’s leading scial messaging platfrms tgether hld 90 percent f the market, leaving Apple Pay struggling make inrads (进军市场).
I have recently spent a day in Hangzhu, hme t Alibaba, t see hw easy t was t g cashless, and I fund it smewhat ahead f ther cities, including Beijing. I rde buses and subways, which all accept Alipay. I visited a majr Buddhist temple, where visitrs can make dnatins with their phnes. I even listened t the sad tunes f a wman perfrming music in the street fr change — fr a scan f a QR cde placed beside the change bx t the exact.
Mbile Payments greatly imprve transactinal (交易的) efficiency. When ding business, peple dn’t have t wrry abut getting fake mney, r having t carry change.
All this is a rapid and smewhat surprising develpment in a cuntry where, a cuple f decades ag, it wasn’t even clear that credit cards were ging t catch n.
The platfrms als came up with a technical fix; by using the cellular netwrks smartphnes use, they bypassed the ften-unreliable data netwrks used by credit card payment terminals. As a result, after several years f grwth, credit card use in China began t decline arund 2008.
Mbile payments have als addressed a deeper prblem: a general lack f trust in Chinese sciety. “When we created Alipay in 2003, we did it t reslver the issue f trust amng peple. And by reslving the issue f trust, we’ve als reslved the issue f payment,” says the manager f Ant Financial, a cmpany in cperatin with Alibaba.
Ant Financial’s subsidiaries (子公司) include Sesame Credit, which rates peple’s credit based n their nline shpping and payment recrds. It als runs Mybank, an nline bank which extends cmmercial lans t qualified brrwers Ant-Financial’s visin is that when Chinese peple have credit, they will have wealth.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Mbile payments are very ppular thrughut China, with Alipay and WeChat Pay dminating the market. Mbile payments bring cnvenience, making transactins mre efficient, remving the prblem f unreliable data netwrks, and threatening credit card use. Alipay has als addressed the issue f trust by rating peple’s credit accrding t their nline recrds, stimulating the ecnmy.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，移动支付在中国非常流行，支付宝和微信支付主导着市场。移动支付带来了便利，使交易更加高效，并消除了数据网络不可靠的问题，威胁到信用卡的使用。支付宝还根据人们的在线记录对他们的信用进行评级，从而解决了信任问题，刺激了经济。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Peple in China are nw increasingly paying with their cell phnes.
②Mbile payment apps, Alipay and WeChat Pay, which belng t the cuntry’s leading scial messaging platfrms tgether hld 90 percent f the market, leaving Apple Pay struggling make inrads (进军市场).
③I have recently spent a day in Hangzhu, hme t Alibaba, t see hw easy t was t g cashless, and I fund it smewhat ahead f ther cities, including Beijing.
④Mbile Payments greatly imprve transactinal (交易的) efficiency.
⑤The platfrms als came up with a technical fix; by using the cellular netwrks smartphnes use, they bypassed the ften-unreliable data netwrks used by credit card payment terminals. As a result, after several years f grwth, credit card use in China began t decline arund 2008.
⑥Mbile payments have als addressed a deeper prblem: a general lack f trust in Chinese sciety.
⑦Ant Financial’s subsidiaries (子公司) include Sesame Credit, which rates peple’s credit based n their nline shpping and payment recrds. It als runs Mybank, an nline bank which extends cmmercial lans t qualified brrwers Ant-Financial’s visin is that when Chinese peple have credit, they will have wealth.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4、5三个要点进行整合，将第6、7两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Alipay has als addressed the issue f trust by rating peple’s credit accrding t their nline recrds, which stimulates the ecnmy.
Mbile payments bring cnvenience, which means they make transactins mre efficient, remve the prblem f unreliable data netwrks, and threaten credit card use.
Mbile payments including Alipay and WeChat Pay, which have dminated the market, are very ppular thrughut China.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Mbile payments are very ppular thrughut China, with Alipay and WeChat Pay dminating the market. (运用了with的复合结构)
[高分句型2] Alipay has als addressed the issue f trust by rating peple’s credit accrding t their nline recrds, stimulating the ecnmy. (运用了现在分词作状语)
V. Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets
52. 我一直相信一个人睡眠充足了才能更好地抵御情绪紊乱。(cnvince)(汉译英)
【答案】I’m always cnvinced that a persn can better fight against emtinal disrders when he sleeps well/adequately.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型及动词短语。句子陈述目前的事实，应用一般现在时。“我一直相信”可以使用固定句型，译为I’m always cnvinced that，“一个人”译为a persn，“才能更好地抵御”译为can better fight against，“情绪紊乱”译为emtinal disrders，“睡眠充足了”可以使用when引导时间状语从句，译为when he sleeps well/adequately。故翻译为I’m always cnvinced that a persn can better fight against emtinal disrders when he sleeps well/adequately.
53. 善于讲故事的人，会灵活地补充细节或删减无关的信息，以保持观众的兴趣。 (sustain) (汉译英)
【答案】A gd stryteller is flexible in adding details r editing ut irrelevant infrmatin t sustain audience’s interest.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构。本句描述客观事实，用一般现在时。表示主语“善于讲故事的人”为a gd stryteller，不定冠词加可数名词单数表泛指；主谓一致，表示“会灵活地干某事”为is flexible in ding sth；动名词作介词宾语，表示“补充细节或删减无关的信息”为adding details r editing ut irrelevant infrmatin，由r连接动名词短语；表示“以保持观众的兴趣”为动词不定式短语t sustain audience’s interest，作目的状语。句首字母大写，故翻译为A gd stryteller is flexible in adding details r editing ut irrelevant infrmatin t sustain audience’s interest.
54. 获得粉丝大量点赞后他感慨万千，回想起创业之初经历的种种磨难，他不禁失声痛哭。（can't help）(汉译英)
【答案】After receiving a lt f praise frm his fans, he was filled with different emtins and culdn't help crying ut lud when he was recalling all kinds f hardships at the beginning f his business.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态、省略和状语从句。 a lt f 许多；be filled with 充满； can't help ding情不自禁的做某事；cry ut大哭；all kinds f 各种各样的；at the beginning f 起初； 开始。从句的主语与主句的主语一致，所以从句省略主语和谓语he was。when当……时候，引导时间状语从句。主句陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。从句用过去进行时，表示过去在某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。根据句意，故翻译为After receiving a lt f praise frm his fans, he was filled with different emtins and culdn't help crying ut lud when he was recalling all kinds f hardships at the beginning f his business.
55. 作为成长在繁荣富强的社会中的青年，我们有义务向那些有需要的人伸出援助之手，这会让生活变得更有价值。(bund)(汉译英)
【答案】As yung peple grwing up in a prsperus and pwerful sciety, we are bund t lend a helping hand t thse in need, which will make life mre wrthwhile.
【解析】
【详解】考查一般现在时、现在分词作定语和非限制性定语从句。“作为成长在繁荣富强的社会中的青年”的英文表达是as yung peple grwing up in a prsperus and pwerful sciety，其中as是介词，yung peple 和动词grw之间是主动关系，是现在分词作后置定语；“我们有义务”的英文表达是we are bund；“那些有需要的人”的英文表达是thse in need；“伸出援助之手”的英文表达是lend a helping hand；“这会让生活变得更有价值”的英文表达是this will make life mre wrthwhile，使用一般将来时，表将来的动作；这里前面整个句子作先行词，后面是which引导的非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语。故答案为As yung peple grwing up in a prsperus and pwerful sciety, we are bund t lend a helping hand t thse in need, which will make life mre wrthwhile.
VI. Guided Writing
56. Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
假如你是高三学生李华，你们的英语口语课外教Tm发现课上同学们互动不积极，委托你去了解同学们的想法，经过沟通交流，你了解到有些同学对课上的话题不感兴趣，有些同学怕犯错，不敢开口，请你给Tm写封信，信的内容须包括：
1. 简述同学们的反馈；
2. 提出你的建议以及说明理由。
Dear Tm, __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Tm,
Given that students are unwilling t engage themselves in the spken English class, yu have cmmissined me t learn abut why that is the case frm my classmates. I’m writing t infrm yu f students’ feedback and give yu my suggestins accrdingly.
Sme shw apparent indifference because the tpics in class culdn’t attract their attentin, while thers wuldn’t speak anything fr fear that they may make mistakes.
Befre the class, it’s ttally acceptable t survey students cncerning what their interested tpics are. While giving the class, yu may divide the students int grups and direct them t fcus n a certain task that requires teamwrk. In ding s, it culd lwer the mental barrier f sme students wh have little cnfidence t speak up. After the class, talking t students whse perfrmance isn’t as gd as yu expected, is a feasible way t knw mre abut what it was that caused the prblem, s that yu can wrk n it in future classes.
Hpe what I have suggested abve culd be f benefit t yur teaching, and I’m really lking frward t the next spken English class.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求你给你的英语口语外教Tm回一封信，因为Tm发现课上同学们互动不积极，委托你去了解同学们的想法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：suggestins→advice/recmmendatins
吸引：attract→draw/appeal
集中：fcus n→cncentrate n/fasten n/fix n
关于：cncerning→with regard t
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：I’m writing t infrm yu f students’ feedback and give yu my suggestins accrdingly.
拓展句：I am writing t reprt yu f students' feedback and prvide my suggestins accrdingly.
【点睛】【高分句型1】While giving the class, yu may divide the students int grups and direct them t fcus n a certain task that requires teamwrk. (运用了现在分词作状语和that引导的限制性定语从句。)
【高分句型2】After the class, talking t students whse perfrmance isn’t as gd as yu expected, is a feasible way t knw mre abut what it was that caused the prblem, s that yu can wrk n it in future classes. (运用了动名词作主语和whse引导的定语从句以及what引导的宾语从句。)A. assigned B. attractive C. bridge D. cperating E. expsed F. pssessins
G. requests H. screen I. scializing J. unappealing K. virtual
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