2023-2024学年新疆乌鲁木齐市第97中学高三上学期12月月考英语试题含答案

这是一份2023-2024学年新疆乌鲁木齐市第97中学高三上学期12月月考英语试题含答案，共27页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，作文，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。
总分120分 考试时间120分钟
一、阅读理解（共40分）
With the lure (诱惑) f high salaries and strng jb prspects, a lt f students enter cllege thinking they will majr in engineering. If yu think engineering might be a gd chice fr yu, a summer engineering prgram is a great way t learn mre abut the field and expand yur experiences. Belw are sme excellent summer engineering prgrams.
Jhns Hpkins Engineering Innvatin
This intrductry engineering curse fr rising junirs and senirs is ffered by Jhns Hpkins University at several lcatins acrss the cuntry. Engineering Innvatin teaches critical thinking and applied prblem-slving skills fr future engineers thrugh lectures, research and prjects. If the student achieves an A r B in the prgram, they will als receive three transferable credits frm Jhns Hpkins University. The prgram runs fr fur r five days a week ver fur t five weeks, depending n the lcatin. Mst lcatins ffer cmmuter prgrams nly, but the Jhns Hpkins Hmewd campus in Baltimre als ffers a residential ptin.
Minrity Intrductin t Engineering and Science (MITES)
The Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy ffers this enrichment prgram fr high schl junirs interested in engineering, science and entrepreneurship. Students select five f 14 rigrus (严格的) academic curses t study ver the six weeks f the prgram, during which time they have several pprtunities t netwrk with a diverse grup f individuals within the fields f science and engineering. Students als share and celebrate their wn cultures. MITES is schlarship-based; thse students selected fr the prgram need nly prvide their wn transprtatin t and frm the MIT campus.
Summer Engineering Explratin Camp
Hsted by the University f Michigan, this prgram is a ne-week residential camp fr rising high schl sphmres, junirs and senirs interested in engineering. Participants have the pprtunity t explre several different areas f engineering during engineering wrkplace turs, grup prjects, and presentatins by students, faculty and prfessinal engineers. Campers als enjy recreatinal events and experience a university residential atmsphere in the University f Michigan drms.
Explring Yur Optins at the University f Illinis
This residential summer engineering camp fr rising high schl junirs and senirs is ffered by the Wrldwide Yuth in Science and Engineering prgram, headquartered at the University f Illinis. Campers have the chance t interact with engineering students and faculty, visit engineering facilities and research labs at the university, and wrk tgether n hands-n engineering prjects. Students als participate in traditinal camp recreatinal and scial activities. The camp runs fr tw ne-week sessins during June and July.
1．Which f the fllwing prgrams lasts lngest?
A．Jhns Hpkins Engineering Innvatin
B．Minrity Intrductin t Engineering and Science
C．Summer Engineering Explratin Camp
D．Explring Yur Optins at the University f Illinis
2．If yu chse the prgram f MIT, yu will ________.
A．pay a visit t fabulus research labs
B．have the chance t win a schlarship
C．enjy recreatinal activities with faculty
D．experience a university residential atmsphere
3．This passage may be intended fr ________.
A．engineering majrsB．prfessinal engineers
C．high schl studentsD．scientifically gifted children
Terrible nises, drunk peple, dangerus animals — any number f things can g wrng during a live news reprt.
News reprters are famus fr their ability t keep ging. And NBC Nightly News hst Brian Williams is a fine example f that. He was reprting n a bankruptcy (破产) case when a fire alarm suddenly started ringing. It was fllwed shrtly afterwards by an annuncement. “Yu’ll have t frgive us,” Brian explained very calmly, “we have a fire alarm ging n in here.”
An ability t keep a straight face is anther imprtant skill. A reprter frm Channel 9 news in Australia was reprting n a murder (谋杀) case when a huge white bird walked acrss the back f the screen. The bird then appeared right as the reprter said the wrd “burden” (which sunds similar t the wrd “bird”). In an interview after the incident, the reprter explained hw he saw the bird, but felt that he culdn’t laugh because f the seriusness f the stry. “It was a bit f a surprise at the time,” he added.
But nt all reprters have such abilities. During a reprt n strange pets, a lizard (蜥蜴) suddenly jumped nt the suit f a Channel 5 news reprter. “Get this thing ff me,” the reprter shuted, as he crazily tried t brush it ff. Finally, the reprter managed t regain his calmness.
Australian TV reprter Steve Jacbs was invlved in a similar incident. Sn after starting an ff-camera weather reprt, the sund f laughter culd be heard. Suddenly the camera shwed the reprter standing against a rck in a z as an angry bird attacked his backside. Finally, a zkeeper managed t attract the bird away, but the weatherman still shuted, “I’m ging t be mentally scarred (精神上伤痕累累)!”
4．Hw did the authr lk at Brian Williams?
A．He had a great ability t keep ging.B．He shuld learn t keep calm.
C．He was ging t break dwn.D．He had a great sense f risk.
5．What des the underlined part “keep a straight face” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Get things fixed.B．Give reprts straight away.
C．Face the camera all the time.D．Have a serius facial expressin.
6．What happened t the Channel 5 news reprter after a lizard appeared?
A．He tk ff his clthes.B．He caught it with his hand.
C．He was frightened t death.D．He was badly injured by it.
7．Hw did the weather reprt incident affect Steve Jacbs?
A．It made him uncmfrtable.B．It brught him a lt f fun.
C．It made him recnsider his jb.D．It excited his interest in wildlife.
Diving belw the waves can be like entering anther wrld, but fr Hng Kng-based Natinal Gegraphic Explrer Jnathan, it is als like travelling back in time. Jnathan discvered the stries f hw underwater ecsystems (生态) have changed thrugh time, and what can be dne t stp their decline (数量骤减).
“I lk at cral reefs (珊瑚礁),” says Jnathan. “What were they like in the past? Hw have they changed? And what has caused that change? Hw can we lk at that ecsystem tday and use my data t better prtect it fr the future?”
As Jnathan explains, Hng Kng’s cral has declined in the past few decades due t factrs such as pllutin and human activities. Withut greater prtectin measures, sme cral species (物种) culd disappear frm Hng Kng waters frever.
“Hng Kng gives us amazing underwater bidiversity (生物多样性),” says Shea — anther Natinal Gegraphic Explrer, “Hwever, ppulatins f many species have been killed in large numbers by decades f verfishing and ther human activities.”
Faced with such great challenges, Jnathan and Shea insist that swift actin is needed t prtect Hng Kng’s cean ecsystem, and that better educatin is a key. “The first step is t understand what we have,” says Jnathan. “Because nce yu understand, yu’ll start t care. And nce yu care, yu’ll start t prtect it.”
Shea adds that, “Thrugh becming educated, each persn can begin t see why it’s imprtant t prtect ur cean envirnment, and rebuild that sense f cnnectin between ur ceans and ur culture, histry, and identity. We need t make effrt every day int putting cean prtectin in the first place. It’s a lng way t g.”
8．What’s the purpse f Jnathan’s lking at the cral reefs?
A．T experience the delights f travelling back in time.
B．T discver the mysteries f underwater ecsystem.
C．T find ways f prtecting cral reefs fr the future.
D．T appreciate the amazing underwater bidiversity.
9．What is respnsible fr the cral declining in Hng Kng?
A．Human activities.B．Climate change.
C．Underwater ecsystem.D．Amazing bidiversity.
10．Hw des the authr explain the prblem Hng Kng is facing?
A．By listing data.B．By telling ecsystem’s stries.
C．By making cmparisns.D．By prviding experts’ pinins.
11．What is the basic step t prtect Hng Kng’s cean ecsystem?
A．Better educatin.B．Stpping Fishing.
C．Gvernment supprt.D．Cntrlling pllutin.
Anyne wh’s tried t sleep n a ht summer night knws hw hard it is t sleep when the temperature is rising. S it’s n surprise that glbal warming is likely t cst peple mre and mre sleep as temperatures arund the wrld rise.
A new study written by Keltn Minr shws that by the end f this century, peple culd be subjected t at least tw weeks f shrt sleep each year because f high temperatures driven by glbal warming.
“The sleep lss per degree f warming was twice as large amng the elderly cmpared t yunger r middle-aged adults, three times larger fr peple living in lwer incme cuntries cmpared t high-incme cuntries, and significantly larger fr females than males,” Minr said.
“Imprtantly, we fund sme evidence that the temperature-sensitivity f sleep in late adulthd may increase between the ages f 60 and 70, with the magnitude (程度) f seep lss per degree f warming increasing further fr thse lder than 70,” Minr added，
Minr sad these findings are based n data (数据) frm a fist f its-kind “planet natural experiment” in which mre than 47.600 peple frm 68 cunties wre seep tacking watches frm September 2015 thrugh Octber 2017. Minr and his partners then cmpared the 7.4 millin sleep recrds they’d gathered against lcal weather and climate data, t see hw heat influenced their sleep.
Data shw that n very warm nights—30℃ r higher—sleep reduced an average f just ver 14 minutes, and the likelihd f getting fewer than seven hurs f see pin ceased as temperatures rise.
Generally, peple slept later and wake up earlier during ht weather, researchers sad. They als fund that peple already living in warmer climates experience greater sleep lss as temperatures rise, and that peple dn’t suit temperature-caused sleep lss in the shrt term. S Minr’s team will study hw t make peple better used t temperature-caused sleep lss in the shrt term.
12．What is the purpse f paragraph 1?
A．T lead in the tpic f the text.
B．T prvide sme advice.
C．T make a cmparisn，
D．T give an example.
13．Why des the authr mentin “planet natural experiment” in paragraph 5?
A．T find the way n hw t face the high temperature.
B．T present the fact that the temperature is rising.
C．T give the suggestin f changing temperature.
D．T explain the surce f the research data.
14．What will Minr and his team study next?
A．The result f temperature-caused sleep lss.
B．The prcess f temperature-caused sleep lss.
C．The way t suit temperature caused sleep lss.
D．The influence f temperature-caused sleep lss.
15．What is the main idea f the text?
A．Glbal warming culd be a real prblem，
B．Glbal warming culd affect human health.
C．Glbal warming culd drive mre terrible sleep.
D．Glbal warming culd mean less sleep fr peple.
二、七选五（共10分）
Hw Scilgists Define Culture
Culture is ne f the mst imprtant cncepts within scilgy because scilgists recgnize that it plays a crucial rle in ur scial lives. It is imprtant fr shaping scial relatinships, maintaining and challenging scial rder, determining hw we make sense f the wrld and ur place in it, and in shaping ur everyday actins and experiences in sciety. 16
In brief, scilgists define the nn–material aspects f culture as the values and beliefs, language, cmmunicatin and practices that are shared in cmmn by a grup f peple. Expanding n these categries, culture is made up f ur knwledge, cmmn sense, assumptins and expectatins. It is als the rules, nrms, laws and mrals that gvern sciety; the wrds we use as well as hw we speak and write them; and the symbls we use t express meaning, ideas and cncepts. 17 It infrms and is encapsulated in hw we walk, sit, carry ur bdies and interact with thers; hw we behave depending n the place, time and “audience”; and hw we express identities f race, class and gender, amng thers. Culture includes the cllective practices we participate in as well, such as religius ceremnies, the celebratin f secular hlidays and attending sprting events.
18 This aspect f culture includes a wide variety f things, frm buildings, technlgical gadgets and clthing, t film, music, literature and art, amng thers. Aspects f material culture are mre cmmnly referred t as cultural prducts.
Scilgists see the tw sides f culture—the material and nn–material—as clsely cnnected. Material culture emerges frm and is shaped by the nn-material aspects f culture. 19 But it is nt a ne–way relatinship between material and nn–material culture. Material culture can als influence the nn-material aspects f culture. Fr example, a pwerful dcumentary film might change peple’s attitudes and beliefs. 20 What has cme befre in terms f music, film, televisin and art, fr example, influences the values, beliefs and expectatins f thse wh interact with them, which then, in turn, influence the creatin f additinal cultural prducts.
A．This is why cultural prducts tend t fllw patterns.
B．It is cmpsed f bth nn-material and material things.
C．Withut culture, we wuld nt have relatinships r sciety.
D．Culture is als what we d and hw we behave and perfrm.
E．Material culture is cmpsed f the things that humans make and use.
F．Culture is distinct frm scial structure and ecnmic aspects f sciety.
G．In ther wrds, what we value, believe and knw influences the things that we make.
三、完形填空（共15分）
Jsiah’s mther, Ava Faulk tk him t a lcal restaurant. Ava Faulk was asked with questins when he saw a 21 man sitting in frnt f the restaurant. He wanted t 22 exactly what a hmeless persn’s life was like. If the hmeless persn had n 23 , where wuld he keep his things?
After 24 his mther’s answers, Jsiah then insisted his mm buy the hmeless a 25 . She agreed and the man was 26 int the restaurant. Jsiah helped the man with his 27 , including a hamburger, sme chicken and steak. Jsiah 28 his mther that he wuld spend less in the fllwing days.When the hmeless man’s meal was 29 , Jsiah decided that he shuld ffer a 30 t Gd. That was when he cried ut his wishes fr the ther custmers in the 31 t hear. Later, Jsiah’s mther 32 in a vide that Jsiah’s prayer brught 33 t the eyes f nearly every custmer in the restaurant that day.
Mntgmery’s TV-12 34 the stry f Jsiah n May 17, 2018 and it has been spread arund the natin. The ttally vluntary(志愿的) 35 f Jsiah serves as a lessn t the whle wrld. Others entered the same restaurant that day and 36 saw the hmeless man. 37 , nly this by saw him with 38 , which shws smething we may have all 39 .
It’s a mment the mther will never frget. Later, Faulk said she wuld cnsider that night as ne f her “ 40 achievements as a parent”.
21．A．handsmeB．hmelessC．richD．lazy
22．A．knwB．describeC．recgnizeD．recrd
23．A．incmeB．pcketC．huseD．family
24．A．writing dwnB．listening t
C．cming up D．asking fr
25．A．tyB．ticketC．vercatD．meal
26．A．frcedB．invitedC．advisedD．sent
27．A．trubleB．difficultyC．rderD．need
28．A．askedB．cmmandedC．wantedD．prmised
29．A．servedB．paidC．nticedD．sld
30．A．stryB．giftC．jkeD．prayer
31．A．streetB．cncertC．restaurantD．yard
32．A．swappedB．recalledC．repeatedD．thught
33．A．tearsB．happinessC．energyD．pains
34．A．wrteB．learnedC．reprtedD．requested
35．A．wrkB．pwerC．interestD．deed
36．A．alsB．seldmC．neverD．still
37．A．ExactlyB．InsteadC．HweverD．Gradually
38．A．careB．friendshipC．cmfrtD．surprise
39．A．wnedB．lstC．valuedD．frgtten
40．A．interestingB．gratefulC．strangeD．great
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文（共15分）
41．阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填人一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16 ~ 25的相应位置上。
As a child, I was always ut explring my lcal area, whether swimming at the beaches r hiking thrugh the bush. Australia’s utdr lifestyle had me hked n adventure and nature. I always wanted t explre 16 else was ut there. Ging n family hlidays t many f the East Cast beach twns was always 17 fun adventure int the 18 (knw). I came t lve the beauty f wrld, and began t recgnize just 19 much the planet had t ffer, even 20 my experience f it was nly in my backyard.
Als, Australia is very remte and detached frm the rest f the wrld. 21 (Eurpe) ften drive int ther cuntries fr 22 summer vacatins. We never had that luxury and internatinal travel seemed all the mre extic and 23 (adventure) t me. Very ften, we 24 (expse) t ther cuntries thrugh TV and mvies, 25 I wanted t experience it fr myself.
五、作文（共15分）
42．你校校报“英语园地”栏目正在征集以“My Favrite Chinese Idim”为题的文章，请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1.所选的成语及其意义；
2.选择的原因。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
My Favrite Chinese Idim
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六、读后续写（共25分）
43．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A Mther’s Heartfelt Nte f Lve
Everything seemed t have changed fr me when I entered high schl. I never saw a single persn I knew frm middle schl. At hme I was just as lnely. “My brthers and sister all fit in.” I thught, cming in the dr after anther bad day at schl. “Why can’t I?”
Mm was there waiting fr me. “Karle, yur bedrm’s a disaster. Why can’t yu keep it clean?” The last thing I needed was criticism frm my mther. What had happened t the mther wh used t snuggle (依偎) with me n the sfa, lving me with cmplete acceptance? Wh thught everything I did was wnderful? I didn’t bther trying t explain my unhappiness. It was easier t hide in my bedrm, withut saying a wrd, like I did every afternn.
Clearing ff sme space, I sat dwn at my desk. Yet anther thing I wasn’t gd at anymre. My grades had slipped alng with my cnfidence. I turned t a new page in my ntebk and started wrking ut the first prblem. Almst immediately, I saw I’d made a mistake. “Wrng again!” I thught. “Yu can’t d anything right!” I tre the paper ut f my ntebk, balled it up in my fist and threw it at the wastepaper basket. The ball landed n the flr. I heard my mther’s vice in my head, “Why can’t yu keep yur rm clean?”
By the time I finished my hmewrk, the flr was littered with crumpled (弄皱的) paper. It gave me a kind f satisfactin t see the mess I’d made. Like it was prf f all my shrtcmings. Every time I lked at thse crumpled balls, I reminded myself what a failure I was. But my unhappiness stayed hidden away, just like thse mistakes. With my face a mask f indifference, n ne knew what I was really feeling. Wh wuld want t listen?
One day, I came hme t an empty huse. It was a relief nt t be met with Mm’s latest cmplaint. “Nthing I d is right in her eyes.” I thught. “Or anyne else’s, including mine.”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When I pened my bedrm dr, I frze at the sight f a neat and rderly rm.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I sat dwn at my desk, staring at thse wrds.
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月考 答案：
1．B 2．B 3．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文向进入大学想主修工程学的高中学生介绍了一些大学在暑期开设的关于工程学的课程和活动。
1．细节理解题。由Jhns Hpkins Engineering Innvatin中的“fur t five weeks”由Minrity Intrductin t Engineering and Science (MITES)中的 “the six weeks f the prgram”和Summer Engineering Explratin Camp中的“ne-week”以及 Explring Yur Optins at the University f Illinis中的“tw ne-week ”可知，通过对比，可以看出Minrity Intrductin t Engineering and Science持续的时间最长。故B选项正确。
2．细节理解题。由Minrity Intrductin t Engineering and Science (MITES)中的“MITES is schlarship-based”可知，MITES设有奖学金。所以如果你参加了MITES的课程，你会有机会获得奖学金。故B选项正确。
3．推理判断题。由Jhns Hpkins Engineering Innvatin中的“rising junirs and senirs”由Minrity Intrductin t Engineering and Science (MITES)中的“high schl junirs ”和Summer Engineering Explratin Camp中的“fr rising high schl junirs and senirs”以及 Explring Yur Optins at the University f Illinis中的“ rising high schl junirs and senirs”可知，这些课程和活动主要针对的对象是高中学生。故判断出这段短文是专门写给高中学生的。故C选项正确。
4．A 5．D 6．C 7．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了不同新闻记者遭遇意外事件时的反应，说明新闻记者具备的能力。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段“News reprters are famus fr their ability t keep ging. And NBC Nightly News hst Brian Williams is a fine example f that.(新闻记者以持续报道的能力而闻名。NBC晚间新闻主持人布莱恩·威廉姆斯就是一个很好的例子)”可知，作者认为布莱恩·威廉姆斯处理意外事故的方式得当，有能力让新闻报道持续进行下去。故选A项。
5．词句猜测题。根据第三段“In an interview after the incident, the reprter explained hw he saw the bird, but felt that he culdn’t laugh because f the seriusness f the stry. (在事件发生后的一次采访中，记者解释了他是如何看到这只鸟的，但由于故事的严重性，他觉得自己笑不出来)”可知，记者在报道时看到了一只鸟，但是由于报道内容的严肃性，他忍住没有笑，作者讲述这个事例是为了说明本段的主题句，即新闻记者需要具备面对突发状况保持严肃的能力，推测划线短语表示“保持严肃”，即Have a serius facial expressin。故选D项。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段““Get this thing ff me,” the reprter shuted, as he crazily tried t brush it ff. Finally, the reprter managed t regain his calmness.(“把这东西从我身上拿开，”记者喊道，他疯狂地试图把它赶走。最后，记者终于恢复了冷静)”可知，当蜥蜴爬到新闻记者身上后，这名记者吓得要死。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Australian TV reprter Steve Jacbs was invlved in a similar incident. (澳大利亚电视台记者史蒂夫·雅各布斯也卷入了类似事件。)”以及“Suddenly the camera shwed the reprter standing against a rck in a z as an angry bird attacked his backside. Finally, a zkeeper managed t attract the bird away, but the weatherman still shuted, “I’m ging t be mentally scarred!”(突然，摄像机显示，记者正站在动物园的一块岩石上，一只愤怒的小鸟攻击他的背部。最后，一位动物园管理员设法把这只鸟吸引走了，但天气预报员仍然喊道：“我的精神上伤痕累累！”)”可推知，这一事件使得史蒂夫·雅各布斯感到将会在精神上伤痕累累，他感觉不舒适。故选A项。
8．C 9．A 10．D 11．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了香港珊瑚礁面临的问题以及保护方法。
8．细节理解题。由第二段“What were they like in the past? Hw have they changed? And what has caused that change? Hw can we lk at that ecsystem tday and use my data t better prtect it fr the future?”（他们过去是什么样的？他们发生了怎样的变化？是什么导致了这种变化？我们如何看待今天的生态系统并使用我的数据为未来更好地保护它？）可知，Jnathan的目的是想知道如何才能保护这些珊瑚礁。故选C项。
9．细节理解题。由第三段“As Jnathan explains, Hng Kng's cral has declined in the past few decades due t factrs such as pllutin and human activities.”（正如乔纳森解释的那样，由于污染和人类活动等因素，香港的珊瑚在过去几十年中已经减少。）可知，珊瑚礁减少的原因是污染和人类活动。故选A项。
10．推理判断题。由第一段“Jnathan discvered the stries f hw underwater ecsystems（生态）have changed thrugh time,and what can be dne t stp their decline”（乔纳森发现了水下生态系统如何随时间变化的故事，以及可以采取哪些措施来阻止它们的衰退）和第四段“‘Hng Kng gives us amazing underwater bidiversity（生物多样性）,’ says Shea — anther Natinal Gegraphic Explrer”（“香港为我们提供了惊人的水下生物多样性，”另一位国家地理探险家Shea说）可知，作者主要是引用了两位地质探险家的话进行论证。故选D项。
11．细节理解题。由最后一段“Thrugh becming educated, each persn can begin t see why it's imprtant t prtect ur cean envirnment, and rebuild that sense f cnnectin between ur ceans and ur culture, histry, and identity.”（通过接受教育，每个人都可以开始明白为什么保护我们的海洋环境很重要，并重建我们的海洋与我们的文化、历史和身份之间的联系感。）可知，最基本的一步是教育人们了解保护海洋环境的重要性。故选A项。
12．A 13．D 14．C 15．D
【导语】本文是说明文。全球变暖可能意味着人们睡眠减少。
12．推理判断题。由文章第一段“Anyne wh’s tried t sleep n a ht summer night knws hw hard it is t sleep when the temperature is rising. S it’s n surprise that glbal warming is likely t cst peple mre and mre sleep as temperatures arund the wrld rise.(任何试图在炎热的夏夜入睡的人都知道，当气温上升时，入睡是多么困难。因此，随着全球气温的上升，全球变暖可能会使人们的睡眠时间越来越少，这并不奇怪。)”可知，全球变暖可能意味着人们睡眠减少，第一段的目的是引出文章的话题。故选A。
13．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Minr sad these findings are based n data(数据) frm a fist f its-kind “planet natural experiment” in which mre than 47.600 peple frm 68 cunties wre seep tacking watches frm September 2015 thrugh Octber 2017. (麦诺说，这些发现是基于首次“地球自然实验”的数据得出的，该实验从2015年9月到2017年10月，来自68个县的47600多人戴着渗水手表。)”可知，该句解释研究结果中的数据的来源，故提及“地球自然实验”主要是为了解释研究结果中的数据的来源。故选D。
14．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“S Minr’s team will study hw t make peple better used t temperature-caused sleep lss in the shrt term.(因此，迈纳的团队将研究如何让人们在短期内更好地适应温度导致的睡眠不足。)”可知，Minr和他的团队将研究如何让人们在短期内更好地适应温度上升导致的睡眠不足的状况。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Anyne wh’s tried t sleep n a ht summer night knws hw hard it is t sleep when the temperature is rising. S it’s n surprise that glbal warming is likely t cst peple mre and mre sleep as temperatures arund the wrld rise.(任何试图在炎热的夏夜入睡的人都知道，当气温上升时，入睡是多么困难。因此，随着全球气温的上升，全球变暖可能会使人们的睡眠时间越来越少，这并不奇怪。)”引出文章的话题——全球变暖可能意味着人们睡眠减少，接着全文详细解释该话题，可知文章主题是全球变暖可能意味着人们睡眠减少。故选D。
16．B 17．D 18．E 19．G 20．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了社会学概念中文化的各种形式以及内容。
16．前文提到“It is imprtant fr shaping scial relatinships, maintaining and challenging scial rder, determining hw we make sense f the wrld and ur place in it, and in shaping ur everyday actins and experiences in sciety.（它对塑造社会关系、维护和挑战社会秩序、决定我们如何理解世界和我们在其中的地位、塑造我们在社会中的日常行为和经验都很重要。）”，后文提到“In brief, scilgists define the nn–material aspects f culture as the values and beliefs, language, cmmunicatin and practices that are shared in cmmn by a grup f peple.（简而言之，社会学家将文化的非物质方面定义为一群人共有的价值观、信仰、语言、交流和实践。）”社会学家提到了文化在非物质方面表现为价值观、信仰、语言等，由此可知文化在社会学表现为物质和非物质方面。B项“It is cmpsed f bth nn-material and material things.”（它由非物质的和物质的东西组成。）该项可作为第一段的段尾句同时引起第二段关于文化两个方面的内容，起到承上启下的作用。故选B。
17．后文提到“It infrms and is encapsulated in hw we walk, sit, carry ur bdies and interact with thers; hw we behave depending n the place, time and “audience”; and hw we express identities f race, class and gender, amng thers. （它体现在我们走路、坐着、抬着身体以及与他人互动的方式中；我们的行为取决于地点、时间和“观众”；以及我们如何表达种族、阶级和性别等身份。）”由此判断，人们的一些行为也是根据文化本身而进行的。D项“Culture is als what we d and hw we behave and perfrm.”（文化也是我们所做的以及我们的行为和表现。）该项提到的“行为和表现”对应后文中出现的“走路、坐着、互动方式”等，起到承上启下的作用。故选D。
18．第三段第二句提到“This aspect f culture includes a wide variety f things, frm buildings, technlgical gadgets and clthing, t film, music, literature and art, amng thers.（这方面的文化包括各种各样的东西，从建筑、科技产品和服装，到电影、音乐、文学和艺术等等。）”能通过建筑、科技等方式体现的文化指的是文化的物质方面，E项“Material culture is cmpsed f the things that humans make and use.”（物质文化是由人类制造和使用的东西组成的。）该项提到的“由人类制造和使用的东西”指的是后文中提到的“建筑、科技产品、服装”等。由此判断该项起到引起后文的作用。故选E。
19．前文提到“Material culture emerges frm and is shaped by the nn-material aspects f culture.（物质文化产生于文化的非物质方面，并受其塑造。）”文化的物质和非物质方面是相互影响的，尤其是非物质方面会影响物质方面，G项“In ther wrds, what we value, believe and knw influences the things that we make.”（换句话说，我们所重视的、相信的和知道的影响着我们所做的事情）由此判断，该项中提到的“what we value, believe and knw ”（我们所重视的、相信的和知道的）即为文化的非物质方面，该项起到承上启下的作用，故选G。
20．前文提到“ a pwerful dcumentary film might change peple’s attitudes and beliefs.”（一部好的纪录片可能会改变人的态度和信仰），且后文提到“What has cme befre in terms f music, film, televisin and art, fr example, influences the values, beliefs and expectatins f thse wh interact with them, which then, in turn, influence the creatin f additinal cultural prducts.”（例如，之前在音乐、电影、电视和艺术方面出现的东西影响着与之互动的人的价值观、信仰和期望，而这些价值观、信仰和期望又反过来影响着其他文化产品的创造。）音乐、电影、电视等方面出现的都是属于文化产品，而价值观、信仰和期望又会对文化产品的创造产生影响。由此判断文化产品的产生也是受一定价值观、信仰等方面的影响。A项“This is why cultural prducts tend t fllw patterns.”（这就是为什么文化产品倾向于遵循模式。）起到承上启下的作用，符合文意。故选A。
21．B 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．D 26．B 27．C 28．D 29．A 30．D 31．C 32．B 33．A 34．C 35．D 36．A 37．C 38．A 39．B 40．D
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个小男孩Jsiah在餐厅让妈妈给一个无家可归的人买饭吃，并向上帝祈祷，让餐厅里几乎每一位顾客都热泪盈眶。故事经过电视台报道也感染了很多人。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当Jsiah看到一个无家可归的人坐在餐厅前时，Ava Faulk被问了很多问题。A. handsme英俊的；B. hmeless无家可归的；C. rich富有的；D. lazy懒惰的。根据后文what a hmeless persn’s life was like可知是Jsiah看到一个无家可归的人，因此问了妈妈很多问题。故选B。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他想知道一个无家可归的人到底是怎样生活的。A. knw知道；B. describe描述；C. recgnize识别；D. recrd记录。结合后文exactly what a hmeless persn’s life was like可知Jsiah知道一个无家可归的人到底是怎样生活的。故选A。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果无家可归的人没有房子，他会把他的东西放在哪里？A. incme收入；B. pcket口袋；C. huse房子；D. family家庭。结合上文the hmeless persn可知无家可归的人没有房子。故选C。
24．考查动词短语辨析。句意：听完妈妈的回答，Jsiah便坚持让妈妈请无家可归的人吃饭。A. writing dwn写下；B. listening t听；C. cming up走近；D. asking fr请求。结合后文his mther’s answers可知此处指Jsiah听完妈妈的回答。指故选B。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：听完妈妈的回答，Jsiah便坚持让妈妈请无家可归的人吃饭。A. ty玩具；B. ticket票；C. vercat大衣；D. meal一餐。根据后文中the hmeless man’s meal可知Jsiah便坚持让妈妈请无家可归的人吃饭。buy sb. a meal“请人吃饭”。故选D。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她同意了，于是那个男人被邀请进了餐馆。A. frced迫使；B. invited邀请；C. advised建议；D. sent寄出。根据上文She agreed and the man was可知Faulk同意请那个无家可归的人吃饭，所以那个人被邀请进了餐馆。故选B。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Jsiah帮那个人点了菜，包括一个汉堡包、一些鸡肉和牛排。A. truble麻烦；B. difficulty困难；C. rder点餐，订单；D. need需要。根据后文including a hamburger, sme chicken and steak可知Jsiah帮那个人点了菜。故选C。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jsiah向母亲保证，在接下来的日子里他会少花些钱。A. asked询问；B. cmmanded命令；C. wanted想要；D. prmised保证，承诺。根据后文his mther that he wuld spend less in the fllwing days可知为了这顿饭，Jsiah向母亲保证（prmised），在接下来的日子里他会少花些钱。故选D。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：流浪汉的饭端菜上来后，Jsiah决定向上帝祈祷。A. served端上（食物）；服务；B. paid支付；C. nticed注意到；D. sld出售。结合上文the hmeless man’s meal was可知此处指无家可归的人的餐饭被端上来了，故选A。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：流浪汉的饭端菜上来后，Jsiah决定向上帝祈祷。A. stry故事；B. gift礼物；C. jke玩笑；D. prayer祈祷。根据后文Jsiah’s prayer可知Jsiah决定向上帝祈祷。故选D。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，他大声说出了自己的愿望，让餐厅里的其他顾客听到。A. street街道；B. cncert音乐会；C. restaurant餐厅；D. yard院子。结合第一段中Jsiah's mther, Ava Faulk tk him t a lcal restaurant.可知他们当时在餐厅，所以是让餐厅里的其他顾客听到。故选C。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，Jsiah的母亲在一段视频中回忆说，那天Jsiah的祈祷让餐厅里几乎每一位顾客都热泪盈眶。A. swapped交换；B. recalled回想起；C. repeated重复；D. thught认为。结合上文Later, Jsiah's mther可知是指事情发生之后，Jsiah的母亲回想当天发生的事情。故选B。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，Jsiah的母亲在一段视频中回忆说，那天Jsiah的祈祷让餐厅里几乎每一位顾客都热泪盈眶。A. tears眼泪；B. happiness幸福；C. energy能量；D. pains痛苦。结合后文t the eyes f nearly every custmer可知是指让顾客热泪盈眶，应用tears。故选A。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2018年5月17日，蒙哥马利12电视台报道了Jsiah的故事，随后这个故事传遍了全美。A. wrte写；B. learned学习；C. reprted报告；D. requested要求。根据上文主语为Mntgmery's TV-12可知此处指电视台报道了Jsiah的故事。故选C。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Jsiah完全自愿的行动给全世界上了一课。A. wrk工作；B. pwer力量；C. interest兴趣；D. deed行动。结合上文内容可知Jsiah让妈妈请流浪汉吃一顿饭，所以是指给无家可归者买饭这一自愿的行动。故选D。
36．考查副词词义辨析。句意：那天，其他人进入了同一家餐馆，也看到了那个无家可归的人。A. als也；B. seldm几乎不；C. never从不；D. still仍然。结合前后文语境Others entered the same restaurant that day and …saw the hmeless man.可知其他进入同一家餐馆的人，也（als）看到了那个无家可归的人。故选A。
37．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，只有这个男孩关怀地看他，这说明我们可能都失去了一些东西。A. Exactly恰好地；B. Instead相反；C. Hwever然而；D. Gradually逐渐地。结合上下文语境可知此处为转折关系，应用hwever。故选C。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，只有这个男孩关怀地看他，这说明我们可能都失去了一些东西。A. care关心；B. friendship友谊；C. cmfrt安慰；D. surprise惊喜。结合上文可知，这个无家可归的人走近了餐厅，只有Jsiah注意到了他，还让母亲给他买饭吃，说明Jsiah关心他。故选A。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，只有这个男孩关怀地看他，这说明我们可能都失去了一些东西。A. wned拥有；B. lst失去；C. valued重视；D. frgtten忘记。承接上文其他人都看到了流浪汉，但是只有小男孩关心他，说明我们都失去了对一个人关怀和同情的心。故选B。
40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：后来，Faulk说，她将把那个晚上视为她“作为一个家长的伟大成就”之一。A. interesting有趣的；B. grateful感谢的；C. strange奇怪的；D. great伟大的。根据文章内容可知Jsiah自发让母亲给流浪汉买饭吃，体现了男孩对他人的关心，因此Faulk将这视为“作为一个家长的伟大成就”之一。故选D。
41．16. what
17. a
18. unknwn
19. hw
20. if / thugh
21. Eurpeans
22. their
23. adventurus
24. were expsed
25. but
【详解】作者一直以来喜欢探索周围的世界，发现世界的美。文中表达了想探索其他国家的愿望。
16.考查代词。此处指我总是想探索外面还有什么，表示“别的什么”用what else,故填what.
17.考查冠词。此处修饰单数可数名词adventure，指一次有趣的冒险，故填a.
18.考查形容词。全家去东海岸的海滩城镇度假是一个进入未知世界的有趣的冒险，根据句意可知表示“未知的”用the unknwn，故填unknwn.
19.考查副词。我开始意识到地球给我们提供了多少美和快乐，指地球的价值。表示“多少”用hw much，故填hw.
20.考查连词。此处指虽然我的经历只是在我家后院，表示“虽然，即使”用even if/thugh，故填if / thugh.
21.考查名词。欧洲人经常开车到别的国家度暑假。此处做主语指欧洲人，故填名词复数Eurpeans.
22.考查代词。此处指代Eurpeans，指他们的假期，用their指代，故填their.
23.考查形容词。此处和and前的extic并列用形容词，指更加奇异和冒险的。故填adventurus.
24.考查被动语态。我们通过电视和电影接触到其他国家，expse sb. t sth.“使某人接触”，此处we做主语，用被动形式。根据句中时态，故填一般过去时的被动were expsed.
25.考查连词。句意：我们通过电视和电影接触到其他国家，但我想亲身体验。前后句是转折关系，故填but.
42． My Favrite Chinese Idim
My favrite Chinese idim is shu neng sheng qia, which means if yu want t master a skill, yu need t exercise a lt t achieve it. It equals the English prverb: Practice makes perfect.
The idim is f paramunt significance t me as it has been inspiring me t achieve great success. I used t get pr marks in math exams. It was my math teacher wh tld me “Practice makes perfect!” S I did a lt f practice and my math is getting better and better. Later I have always kept the prverb in mind and put it t use.
Such is my favrite Chinese idim, a simple but pwerful ne.
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，你校校报“英语园地”栏目正在征集以“My Favrite Chinese Idim”为题的文章，请你写一篇短文投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
想要做某事：wuld like t d sth→want t d sth
重要的：significant→essential
记住：remember→keep in mind
应用：apply→put it t use
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：I used t get pr marks in math exams. S I did a lt f practice and my math is getting better and better.
拓展句：Althugh I used t get pr marks in math exams, I did a lt f practice and my math is getting better and better.
43．One pssible versin:
When I pened my bedrm dr, I frze at the sight f a neat and rderly rm. Mm had bviusly decided t clean it herself. I was surprised t see the clean flr belw my bed. All the crumpled paper had disappeared. Except ne. A single sheet lay in plain view. I picked up the sheet and recgnized Mm’s perfect handwriting, saying “I have fund that I have als been very critical f yu lately. Fr that, I am truly srry. I nly expect that yu are t be yur same sweet self.”
I sat dwn at my desk, staring at thse wrds. A weight seemed t lift frm me. I realized that Mm still lved me the same way. When she gt hme, I fund the cnfidence t let dwn my guard and talk t her abut hw I felt. She and my father teamed up t ffer sme ideas that might help, like jining after-schl clubs. I seemed like everything changed in high schl, but ne heartfelt nte set the stage fr the rest f my teenage years.
【导语】文章以作者的情绪变化展开，讲述作者因为在新学校的不适应导致心情低落，成绩也下降，加上妈妈批评她不打扫房间，作者更是难受，于是她故意把房间弄得更乱，并且用冷漠来伪装自己。直到一天回家看到自己整洁干净的房间，一切有了变化。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①根据第一段首句“当我打开卧室的门时，我被房间整洁有序的景象惊呆了”可知，下文可描写作者知道是妈妈打扫了房间，发现妈妈留的字条，明白了妈妈其实一直爱着自己。
②根据第二段首句“我坐在桌前，盯着这些字”可知，下文可描写作者放下防备，主动和妈妈交流，并且一起讨论该如何适应新的学校生活。
2.续写线索：惊叹于房间整洁有序——知道是妈妈打扫的——发现字条——看着上面的话——放下防备主动交流——探索适应学校生活的方法——改变，感悟
3.词类激活
行为类
①决定做某事：decide t d/be determined t d/make up ne’s mind t d
②看见：see/spt/ntice/find
③意识到：recgnize/realize
情绪类
①对……不满：be critical f/be unsastified with
③真诚的：heartfelt/sincere/