北京专用01 阅读培优小卷-2023年高一英语寒假作业阅读培优小卷（原卷版）

这是一份北京专用01 阅读培优小卷-2023年高一英语寒假作业阅读培优小卷（原卷版），共7页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37， 7%等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
（2022春·北京·高一北京市陈经纶中学）
Lve the way yu walk
Listen carefully t the ftsteps in the family hme, and yu can prbably wrk ut wh is walking abut. The features mst cmmnly used t identify peple are faces, vices and fingerprints. But the way they walk is als a giveaway.
Researchers have used vide cameras and cmputers t analyze peple’s gaits, and are nw quite gd at it. But translating such knwledge int a practical identificatin system can be tricky. Cameras are ften visible, are difficult t set up, require gd lighting and may have their view blcked by ther peple. A team led by Dr. Ozanyan and Dr. Scully have been lking fr a better way t recgnize gait. Their answer: pressure-sensitive mats.
Such mats are nthing new. They have been a part f security system. But Ozanyan and Scully use a cmplicated versin that can recrd the amunt f pressure applied in different paces as smene walks acrss it. These measurements frm a pattern unique t the walker. The researchers turned t an artificial-intelligence system t recgnize such patterns, and it seemed t wrk. In a study in 2018, they tested the system n a database f ftsteps f 127 peple. They fund its errr rate in identifying wh was a mere 0. 7%. And Scully says even withut a database f ftsteps t wrk with, the system can determine sme’s sex and, with reasnable accuracy, a subject’s age.
One applicatin f the mat-based gait-recgnitin system might be in health care, particularly fr the elderly. A mat placed in a nursing hme r an ld persn’s wn residence culd mnitr changes in an individual’s gait that indicate certain illnesses. That wuld prvide early warning f smene being at greater risk f falling ver.
Gait analysis might als be used as a security measure in the wrkplace, mnitring access t restricted areas, such as parts f military bases, server farms r labratries dealing with dangerus materials.
Perhaps the mst interesting use f the mats, thugh, wuld be in public places, such as airprts. Fr that t wrk, the ftsteps f thse t be recgnized wuld need t have been stres in a database, which wuld be harder t arrange than the cllectin f phtgraphs and fingerprints that existing airprt security systems rely n. Many aircrew r preregistered frequent flyers wuld welcme anything that speeded up ne f the mst tiresme mdern travel.
1．What is mainly talked abut in Paragraph 2?
A．Research equipment B．Research findings.
C．Research assumptins(假设)D．Research backgrund.
2．Accrding t Paragraph 3, the mat is used t ________ .
A．cllect dataB．ensure safetyC．determine ageD．analyse pressure
3．The gait-recgnitin system might be applied t________.
A．mnitr security wrk prgressB．find ptential health prblems
C．keep track f travelling frequencyD．warn passengers f pssible dangers
4．The main purpse f the passage is t ________.
A．cmpare and educateB．examine and assess(评估)
C．discuss and persuadeD．explain and infrm
B
（2022春·北京·高一北师大二附中）
All I had t d fr the tw dllars was clean her huse fr a few hurs after schl. It was a beautiful huse, t, with a plastic-cvered sfa and chairs, wall-t-wall blue-and-white carpeting, a white enamel stve, a washing machine and a dryer—things that were cmmn in her neighbrhd, absent in mine. In the middle f the war, she had butter, sugar, steaks, and seam-up-the-back stckings.
I knew hw t scrub flrs n my knees and hw t wash clthes in ur zinc tub, but I had never seen a Hver vacuum cleaner r an irn that wasn’t heated by fire.
Part f my pride in wrking fr her was earning mney I culd squander (浪费): n mvies, candy, paddle balls, jacks, ice-cream cnes. But a larger part f my pride was based n the fact that I gave half my wages t my mther, which meant that sme f my earnings were used fr real things—an insurance-plicy payment r what was wed t the milkman r the iceman. The pleasure f being necessary t my parents was prfund. I was nt like the children in flktales: burdensme muths t feed, nuisances t be crrected, prblems s severe that they were abandned t the frest. I had a status that ding rutine chres in my huse did nt prvide—and it earned me a slw smile, an apprving nd frm an adult. Cnfirmatins that I was adultlike, nt childlike.
In thse days, the frties, children were nt just lved r liked; they were needed. They culd earn mney; they culd care fr children yunger than themselves; they culd wrk the farm, take care f the herd, run errands (差事), and much mre. I suspect that children aren’t needed in that way nw. They are lved, dted n, prtected, and helped. Fine, and yet...
Little by little, I gt better at cleaning her huse—gd enugh t be given mre t d, much mre. I was rdered t carry bkcases upstairs and, nce, t mve a pian frm ne side f a rm t the ther. I fell carrying the bkcases. And after pushing the pian my arms and legs hurt s badly. I wanted t refuse, r at least t cmplain, but I was afraid she wuld fire me, and I wuld lse the freedm the dllar gave me, as well as the standing I had at hme—althugh bth were slwly being erded. She began t ffer me her clthes, fr a price. Impressed by these wrn things, which lked simply grgeus t a little girl wh had nly tw dresses t wear t schl, I bught a few. Until my mther asked me if I really wanted t wrk fr castffs. S I learned t say “N, thank yu” t a faded sweater ffered fr a quarter f a week’s pay.
Still, I had truble summning (鼓起) the curage t discuss r bject t the increasing demands she made. And I knew that if I tld my mther hw unhappy I was she wuld tell me t quit. Then ne day, alne in the kitchen with my father, I let drp a few whines abut the jb. I gave him details, examples f what trubled me, yet althugh he listened intently, I saw n sympathy in his eyes. N “Oh, yu pr little thing.” Perhaps he understd that what I wanted was a slutin t the jb, nt an escape frm it. In any case, he put dwn his cup f cffee and said, “Listen. Yu dn’t live there. Yu live here. With yur peple. G t wrk. Get yur mney. And cme n hme.”
That was what he said. This was what I heard:
Whatever the wrk is, d it well—nt fr the bss but fr yurself.
Yu make the jb; it desn’t make yu.
Yur real life is with us—yur family.
Yu are nt the wrk yu d; yu are the persn yu are.
I have wrked fr all srts f peple since then, geniuses and mrns, quick-witted and dull, big-hearted and narrw. I’ve had many kinds f jbs, but since that cnversatin with my father I have never cnsidered the level f labr t be the measure f myself, and I have never placed the security f a jb abve the value f hme.
5．Accrding t the article, which f the fllwing is true abut children in the 1940s and nw?
A．Children becme needed, lved and liked when they are at frty.
B．Children in mdern times are less likely t be spiled by parents.
C．Children in 1940s are capable as they can handle varius daily rutine.
D．Children in mdern times aren’t needed t d daily wrks any mre.
6．What did the authr’s father make her understand?
A．Dn’t escape frm difficulties at wrk.
B．Whatever decisin she made, her father wuld supprt her.
C．Cnvey her dissatisfactin with her wrk.
D．Make a distinctin between wrk and life.
7．Which f the fllwing crrespnds t the authr’s views in the passage?
A．Dn’t regard wrk achievement as a criterin fr evaluating neself.
B．Hard wrk is a struggle fr a better future in yur limited life.
C．Parents are the best teachers f children.
D．Jb security is less valuable when cmpared with family.
C
（2022春·北京·高一北大附中）
Carnival: One Day in Ri
Last year I went t the Ri de Janeir Carnival, and it blew my mind. It had been my dream t attend the famus carnival fr many years, s I was excited. Hwever, the mment I arrived, I was a little bit nervus because there were s many peple n the streets. They say that five r six millin peple cme t Ri during carnival time and abut tw millin f them are n the streets n any given day. Luckily, I had a lcal guide, my sister’s friend Rnnie. He said he wuld take care f me and shw me all the highlights. He did nt let me dwn.
Well, the carnival is mst definitely all abut the samba. It’s a style f music and dance which has its rts in Africa. Lts f Africans were used as slave labr by the Prtuguese when Brazil was being clnized, s this mixed culture f African, Latin and Eurpean styles is really strng here. Samba music is usually fast and exciting with a lt f drums and harmnic vcals. It’s the kind f music that yu can’t help dancing t, and I was learning that as I fllwed Rnnie thrugh the crwd, my hips and shulders were swinging almst invluntarily.
Rnnie had gt us tickets fr the samba parade, the icn f Brazilian culture, inside the Sambadrme where the tp samba schls cmpete fr the champinship title, but we still had a lng way t g thrugh the street parties. He said mst peple enjy the carnival by making their wn parties in the street. Abut the samba parade, twelve main teams cmpete fr the champinship, and if they win, their perfrmance will be talked abut fr years t cme. S, yu must be wndering hw it was. Well, I’m afraid I can’t tell yu. Rnnie and I never made int the Sambadrme. We spent the day mving frm ne street party t anther. There were mre snacks, mre drinks and lts f dancing. D I regret missing the main parade? Nt at all. I experienced the carnival like the lcals, and it was truly amazing.
8．What was the main cause fr the authr’s tensin in the beginning?
A．The dubts abut the visit. B．The nervusness ver the crwd.
C．The inability t find a lcal guide.D．The anxiety abut visiting a new cuntry.
9．What can we learn abut samba frm this passage?
A．Samba has its rts in America.
B．Samba is nt the taste f the writer.
C．Samba has a lng and mixed culture.
D．Samba music is usually slw and sft.
10．The authr didn’t regret missing the parade because ________.
A．she met sme amazing lcal peple
B．she didn’t have the tickets fr the parade
C．she celebrated the festival in a lcal way
D．she enjyed the carnival by making her wn parties
11．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Rnnie?
A．Mdest and determined.B．Humrus and ambitius.
C．Creative and sympatheticD．Reliable and cnsiderate.
D
（2022春·北京·高一北京二十中）
In ver 25 years, DeSimne has spun his research findings int cmmercial gld by launching several businesses. As a faculty member at the University f Nrth Cai’lina, he prvided scientific advice and held equity in the businesses. But he has never actually managed his cmpanies. His emplyers bar him frm simultaneusly hlding an academic pst and an executive psitin. The dual rles can present huge cnflicts.
Cnflicts f interest (COIs)ccur when an individual’s persnal interests—family, friendships, financial, r scial factrs—culd cmprmise his r her judgment, decisins, r actins in the wrkplace, and it makes sund career sense t think abut hw t manage them. Researchers shuld disclse ptential r existing cnflicts acrss all aspects f academic life.
In mst places, COI management runs n an hnr system. Researchers decide which financial hldings and relatinships t disclse t university administratrs. Jurnals and funders adpt a similar system when they ask authrs and peer reviewers abut ptential cnflicts related t manuscript r grant apprvals.
Mst research institutins ffer training t help faculty members t understand what cnstitutes a ptential r existing cnflict. Administratrs then decide whether the interest presents a cnflict, and whether that cnflict can be handled. If s, they create a management plan t address it. If nt, researchers must abandn the wrk, partner with researchers at ther institutins, r leave their university.
Perceptin plays a part in defining a ptential cnflict, warns Walt, a chemist at Tufts University. Investigatrs wh develp a technlgy in the labratry and then transfer it t their cmpany culd create a cnflict f interest in the eyes f their students, Walt says. But the ptential cnflict can be avided by drafting a licensing agreement that bars discveries frm autmatically being transferred t the investigatr’s cmpany. Walt created such an arrangement t assure his students that they weren’t actually wrking fr his private cmpanies.
Relatinships can pse cnflicts when cnference rganizers are chsing speakers. Members f the American Sciety fr Human Genetics prgram cmmittee, which selects abstracts and talks fr their annual meeting, must recuse(要求回避)themselves frm cnsidering talks by, fr example, researchers at their current and past institutins, clse cllabratrs and thse with whm they have persnal r familial ties.
Even differing pints f view can play a part. Scacheri, a geneticist wh chairs the cmmittee, says that members wh have disagreed persnally with ptential speakers might als be bliged t recuse themselves: “If yu feel like yu can’t be an impartial (公正的)reviewer, that is cnsidered a COI.”
Handling COIs can be burdensme. COI managers emphasize that the gal is nt t suppress innvatin, but t expse ptential cnflicts s that they can be managed. “Nthing abut the prcess is meant t be prhibitive,” says Grewal, a COI fficer at MIT. Her institutin wants t enable gd science and the betterment f humanity. “During that prcess,” she says, “if yu make sme mney, that’s gd as well.”
12．The example f DeSimne in Paragraph 1 is used mainly t________.
A．raise a questin B．reprt a finding
C．intrduce a tpicD．present a thery
13．T better deal with COIs,________.
A．researchers have t quit their jb at the university
B．researchers shuld reprt the cnflicts that pssibly exist
C．institutins need t mnitr the staff’s career and relatinships
D．institutins shuld train researchers t create management plans
14．What can we leam frm the passage?
A．Grewal cnsiders COI management exhausting and cstly.
B．Walt arranged t transfer discveries at his lab t his cmpanies.
C．Cnference rganizers shuld avid inviting unqualified speakers.
D．Scacheri believes persnal viewpints may impact a reviewer’s decisin.
15．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．COIs can be defined depending n interpretatins.
B．COIs benefit scientific innvatin and better humanity.
C．COIs arise primarily due t the pursuit f financial gains.
D．COIs can be gt rid f by prmting fairness in wrkplaces.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2022春·北京·高一北京市陈经纶中学）
All ver the wrld peple enjy sprts. Sprts help t keep peple healthy and happy, and t live lnger.
___16___ They buy tickets r turn n their TVs t watch the games. Often they get very excited when their player r team wins.
___17___ Ftball, fr example, has spread arund the wrld. Swimming is ppular in all cuntries near the sea r in thse with many rivers. What fun it is t jump int a pl r lake, whether in China, Egypt r Italy! ____18____ Think hw many lvers t skate r ski in Japan, Nrway r Canada.
Sme sprts r game g back thusands f years, like running r jumping. Chinese wushu, fr example, has a very lng histry. But basketball and vlleyball are rather new. Neither ne is a hundred years ld yet. ___19___ Water-skiing is ne f the newest in the family f sprts.
Peple frm different cuntries may nt be able t understand each ther, but after a game tgether they ften becme gd friends. ____20____ One learns t fight hard but fight fair, t win withut pride and t lse with grace.
A．And think f peple in cld cuntries.
B．Sprts help t train a persn’s character.
C．Nt a few peple participate in different sprts cmpetitins themselves.
D．Many peple like t watch thers play games.
E．Peple aren’t inventing new sprts r games.
F．Sme sprts are s interesting that peple everywhere take part in them.
G．Peple are inventing new sprts r games all the time.