串讲02 短语（名词短语、形容词短语 副词短语）及必刷题-2023-2024学年高一英语上学期期末常考题型突破+易错题（苏教版）

这是一份串讲02 短语（名词短语、形容词短语 副词短语）及必刷题-2023-2024学年高一英语上学期期末常考题型突破+易错题（苏教版），文件包含串讲02短语名词短语形容词短语副词短语及练习原卷版-高一英语上学期期末考点大串讲人教版docx、串讲02短语名词短语形容词短语副词短语及练习解析版-高一英语上学期期末考点大串讲人教版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共20页， 欢迎下载使用。


Part ne 认识名词短语、形容词短语 副词短语
一、名词短语(NP)
定义：名词短语是指由几个名词或名词及其修饰语构成的短语。它是英语句子的核心成分。
1．常见名词短语的构成形式有：
(1)限定词＋名词 如：the girl
(2)限定词＋形容词(短语)＋名词 如：a beautiful girl
(3)限定词＋名词＋介词短语 如：a beautiful campus f my schl
(4)限定词＋描述性名词＋名词 如：my schl life
二、形容词短语
形容词短语，是指一个以形容词为中心构成的短语，在句子中的功能相当于形容词，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。
1．常见形容词短语的构成形式有：
(1)副词＋形容词 如：very suitable
(2)形容词＋enugh 如：gd enugh
(3)形容词＋介词短语 如：gd fr nthing
(4)副词＋形容词＋介词 如：well wrthy f praise
三、副词短语
以副词为中心词的短语是副词短语。副词短语的结合方式是：修饰语＋副词，有时中心词之后还带有后置修饰语或补足成分。如：very carefully，pretty sn，far frm the statin等。
Part tw 名词短语、形容词短语 副词短语的句法功能
一、名词短语的句法功能：
(1)作主语
The interesting title f the article attracted a lt f readers.
这篇文章有趣的标题吸引了很多读者。
[温馨提示]
名词短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与名词短语中的中心词保持一致。
A number f bks are n the desk.
The number f bks is nt large.
(2)作表语
Hw t fight against such a disease is a ht tpic tday.
怎样与那种疾病作斗争是今天的热点话题。
(3)作宾语
She bught her mther sme flwers.
她给母亲买了一些花。
(4)作宾补
Peple cnsidered him the better man fr the wrk.
人们认为他比较适合干这项工作。
二、形容词短语可有如下句法功能：
(1)作定语，修饰名词或代词等
This is a mst serius prblem.
这是一个极其严重的问题。
(2)作表语
He is interested in watching TV.
他对看电视感兴趣。
(3)作宾语，英语中“the＋形容词”可以作为名词使用，担任动词的宾语，表示具有该形容词的特征、性质或者状态的人、事或物。
We shuld respect the ld.
我们应该尊敬老年人。
(4)作宾补
I fund the new film very interesting.
我发现新电影非常有趣。
三、副词短语在句子中常常作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。
He is ill extremely seriusly with a bad cancer.
他患了严重的癌症，病情极为严重。
He studies English mst slwly f the three.
三个人中，他学英语学得最慢。
Part three 基础练60题
一、请找出形容词短语（Adjective Phrase），并在下面画出横线。
He acquired an incredibly deep understanding f life during his teenage years.
The usually crwded schl crridrs were quiet during the summer vacatin.
His bedrm is an always messy space.
My best friend has an amazingly creative mind.
She is abslutely certain f getting int a gd cllege.
【答案】1.He acquired an incredibly deep understanding f life during his teenage years.
2.The usually crwded schl crridrs were quiet during the summer vacatin.
3.His bedrm is an always messy space.
4.My best friend has an amazingly creative mind.
5.She is abslutely certain f getting int a gd cllege
.二、请找出名词短语（Nun Phrase），并在下面画出横线。
She has a happy teenage life filled with friends and fun.
He is a shy teenager wh ften blushes when speaking t strangers.
They are active teenagers wh lve t participate in varius after-schl clubs.
He is driving a new car and feeling very prud f himself.
My favrite clr is blue and I lve wearing it in every seasn.
【答案】1.She has a happy teenage life filled with friends and fun.
2.He is a shy teenager wh ften blushes when speaking t strangers.
3.They are active teenagers wh lve t participate in varius after-schl clubs.
4.He is driving a new car and feeling very prud f himself.
5.My favrite clr is blue and I lve wearing it in every seasn.
三、请找出副词短语（Adverb Phrase），并在下面画出横线。
She ften very quickly finishes her hmewrk t have mre time fr her hbbies.
He culd play the guitar quite beautifully.
During summer vacatin, they smetimes lazily spend the entire day just watching TV.
She has been studying extremely hard t get gd grades n her tests.
Teenagers nwadays use their phnes incredibly frequently.
【答案】1.She ften very quickly finishes her hmewrk t have mre time fr her hbbies.
2.He culd play the guitar quite beautifully.
3.During summer vacatin, they smetimes lazily spend the entire day just watching TV.
4.She has been studying extremely hard t get gd grades n her tests.
5.Teenagers nwadays use their phnes incredibly frequently.
四、写出画线处的短语类型
1．We have a much better life nw.
2．Even wrse, the amunt f fast fd that peple eat ges up.
3．She types quickly and crrectly.
4．Interested in their wrk, she picked up a pair f scissrs.
5．Eager t imprve farming cnditins, they tried ut this new crp n a large area.
6．The festival is ne f the fur largest ice and snw festivals in the wrld!
7．Nwadays yung peple never willingly let their creativity be limited by their parents r traditinal rules.
8．It is bvius that the widespread and recgnitin f Western hlidays is harmful t ur traditinal value.
9．Recent studies shw that we are far mre prductive at wrk if we take shrt breaks regularly.
10．He can finish that much quicker.
【答案】1．名词短语 2．副词短语 3．副词短语 4．形容词短语 5．形容词短语 6．名词短语 7．副词短语 8．名词短语 9．形容词短语 10．副词短语
五、写出下列句子中划线部分判断其是的名词短语、形容词短语或副词短语, 并写出其句法功能。
1. Recent studies shw that we are far mre prductive at wrk if we take shrt breaks regularly.
2．Mr Smith is a man with bad manners.
3．She types quickly and crrectly.
4．He runs extremely fast.
5．The by is t yung t understand clearly enugh what his mther has said.
6．The by entered a she stre which was big and tidy and bught a pair f shes.
7．The little girl is staring at her mther, nervus and frightened.
8．These bks fr children are much t easy fr adults t read.
9. The festival is ne f the fur largest ice and snw festivals in the wrld!
10．The tallest by in ur class is Li Lei.
11．She studies English very hard.
12．Tm carefully wrte sme letters t his friends.
13．He will travel t a beautiful city next mnth.
14．The exam was surprisingly easy.
15．He lked very wrried.
16．Crn is a useful plant that can be eaten by bth humans and animals.
17．Jhn, an ld friend f mine，cmes frm America.
【答案】1. 形容词短语
2．a man with bad manners为名词短语作表语 3．quickly and crrectly 为副词短语作状语 4．extremely fast为副词短语作状语 5．t yung为形容词短语作表语
clearly enugh为副词短语作状语 6．a she stre为名词短语作宾语big and tidy为形容词短语作表语
a pair f shes为名词短语作宾语 7．The little girl为名词短语作主语nervus and frightened为形容词短语作状语 8．These bks fr children 为名词短语作主语much t easy为形容词短语作表语
9. 名词短语作宾语 10．名词短语;主语 11．副词短语;状语 12．名词短语;宾语 13．名词短语;宾语 14．形容词短语;表语 15．形容词短语;表语 16．名词短语;表语 17．名词短语;同位语
六、用所给词的适当形式修饰画线部分，并指出短语的词性。
1．Hearing the news, I as well as my classmates wre an expressin. (anny)
2．Jane felt anxius when it was beginning t rain. (real)
3．As a dctr, he is respnsible fr his patients.(very)
4．I’m hungry. I want a big piece f bread t eat.(terrible)
5．I have been living in the city fr ver ten years s I’m familiar with it.(quite)
6．When he was a teenager, an accident nearly tk his life. (car)
7．Thanks t their wrk, the new bridge has been cmpleted.(hard)
8．We planned t invite an expert t train these new wrkers.(famus)
9．He rushed ut f the dr quickly and disappeared in the darkness. (s)
10．With these machines, we finished the wrk ahead f schedule. (mdern, advanced)
【答案】1．the annying news(NP); an annyed expressin (NP) 2．really anxius (AdjP) 3．very respnsible(AdjP) 4．terribly hungry(AdjP) 5．quite familiar(AdjP) 6．a car accident(NP) 7．hard wrk(NP) 8．a famus expert(NP) 9．s quickly (AdvP) 10．mdern and advanced machines(NP)
七、句型升级
1.我喜欢花园里这些漂亮的花。
I lve flwers.
→I lve .
2.我的话让他高兴得像个孩子。
My wrds made him happy.
→My wrds made him .
3.看树上那只漂亮的鸟。
Lk at the bird.
→Lk at .
4.他说话声音很大。
He's speaking.
→He's .
5.他们买了一套带有花园的又大又宽的房子。
They bught a huse.
→They bught .
1.these beautiful flwers in the garden
2.happy like a child
3.the beautiful bird in the tree
4.speaking very lud
5.a big wide huse with a garden
八、翻译。
1.这个毕业生将成为一名好教师。
_________________________________
2.不要难过，一切都会好的。
_________________________________
3.出席会议的人被带到城里各处参观。
_________________________________
4.珍妮对待事情总是太认真，这让我们很困惑。
_________________________________
5.我们很幸运地找到了一个解决这个问题的办法。
_________________________________
1．The graduate will make a gd teacher.
2．Dn’t feel bad.Everything will be all right.
3．The peple present at the meeting were shwn arund the city.
4．Jenny always takes things t seriusly，which makes us cnfused .
5．We were frtunate enugh t find a slutin t the questin.
Part fur 综合练30题
（2023上·江苏泰州·高一靖江高级中学校考期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，如括号提示，请以提示词的正确形式填空。
The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BCE. 1 , they died ut arund the year 393. It was in 1896, in Athens that the mdern Olympic Games 2 (hld) first. A Frenchman Pierre de Cubertin 3 dream was that the Olympics wuld make it pssible fr peple 4 ( live ) side by side in peace brught the Olympics back t life. Since then, mtivated by the Olympic mtt “Faster, Higher, Strnger”, thusands f 5 (high) trained and talented athletes 6 (devte) themselves t achieving sprting excellence and pushing the bundaries f human achievement, such as Muhammad Ali, Michael Jrdan, Jessica Ennis-Hill and s n.
Chinese athletes have als made imprtant 7 (cntribute) t the Olympics. At the 1984 Ls Angeles Olympic Games, China returned 8 the Olympics after 32 years’ absence and Xu Haifeng wn ur cuntry’s first-ever gld medal. At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Liu Xiang became the first Asian 9 (win) the gld medal in the men’s 110-metre hurdles. In 2008, in additin t hsting the Olympic fr the first time, China als ranked first in the medal table. The year 2022 was anther histric mment fr China, as Beijing wn 10 electin t hst the Winter Olympics.
【答案】1．Hwever 2．were held 3．whse 4．t live 5．highly 6．have devted 7．cntributins 8．t 9．t win 10．the
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了奥林匹克运动会的发展史及中国在奥运会上取得的成就。
1．考查副词。句意：古代奥运会始于公元前776年。然而，它们在393年左右消亡了。分析句子可知，空格处应用副词，在句中作状语，“古代奥运会始于公元前776年”和“它们在393年左右消亡了”之间为转折关系，故空格处应用“Hwever”，意为“然而”，表示转折关系，副词词性，句首单词首字母大写。故填Hwever。
2．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：1896年，第一届现代奥林匹克运动会在雅典举行。根据时间状语“in 1896”可知，此处为一般过去时，主语为the mdern Olympic Games，和hld为被动关系，需用被动语态，be动词用were。故填were held。
3．考查定语从句。句意：法国人皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦(Pierre de Cubertin)的梦想是，奥运会将使人们有可能和平共处，他把奥运会带回了现实。空处引导定语从句，先行词为“Pierre de Cubertin”，指人，在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词“whse”引导从句。故填whse。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。“make it adj.+fr sb. t d sth.”为固定句型，it为形式宾语，动词不定式为真正的宾语。故填t live。
5．考查副词。句意：从那时起，在奥林匹克格言“更快、更高、更强”的激励下，数千名训练有素、才华横溢的运动员致力于实现卓越的运动成绩，并超越人类成就的极限，如穆罕默德·阿里、迈克尔·乔丹、杰西卡·恩尼斯·希尔等。修饰形容词trained需用副词highly作状语。故填highly。
6．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意同上。根据时间状语“Since then”可知，此处为现在完成时，主语为athletes，助动词用have。故填have devted。
7．考查名词。句意：中国运动员也为奥运会做出了重要贡献。空处需填名词作宾语，cntributin是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填cntributins。
8．考查介词。句意：在1984年洛杉矶奥运会上，中国在缺席32年后重返奥运会，徐海峰为中国赢得了第一枚金牌。return t为固定搭配，意为“返回”。故填t。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：在2004年雅典奥运会上，刘翔成为第一个获得男子110米栏金牌的亚洲人。空处需填非谓语动词，“Asian”前有序数词“the first”修饰，故应用不定式作后置定语。故填t win。
10．考查冠词。句意：2022年对中国来说是另一个历史性的时刻，因为北京赢得了冬奥会的举办权。分析句子可知，“electin”意为“选举，选举权”，名词词性，根据句中“t hst the Winter Olympics”可知，句中特指冬奥会的主办权，故空格处应用定冠词the修饰，表示特指。故填the。
（2023上·河北沧州·高一校联考期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Hell”, 11 always makes a pint abut the imprtance f hw we greet (问候) thers, is a very cmmn wrd in ur daily life. The wrd we chse sets the 12 (begin) fr the whle cmmunicatin, and in turn, shapes the future f 13 (we) relatinship with thers. At times we may use smething like a frmal “gd day” in certain situatins, and a mre infrmal “hey” r “hi” in thers. Knwing hw 14 (say) hell in different languages is always the first step when it 15 (cme) t becming mre cmmunicative with the rest f the wrld. “Hell” is 16 (imprtant) than any ther wrd fr yu t remember when yu’re learning a new language. Nw let’s learn sme different 17 (frm) f “hell” in different languages arund the wrld: in English— Hell; in Chinese— Nin h; in French— Bnjur; in Spanish— Hla. Isn’t it 18 (interest) t get yu ready fr sme situatins? There are even mre ways t say hell in every language. The way f greeting smene can change depending 19 the time f the day, r yur relatinship with the persn yu’re saying hell t. Beynd the wrds, peple als use a mixture f bdy language and physical (身体的) tuch t greet each ther, frm handshakes t hugs r cheek kisses. Learning t greet smene is all abut making a cnnectin, s have 20 try and d yur best.
【答案】11．which 12．beginning 13．ur 14．t say 15．cmes 16．mre imprtant 17．frms 18．interesting 19．n/upn 20．a
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了“你好”这个词在我们的日常生活中是一个非常常见的词。我们选择的词语为整个交流设定了开端，并且反过来塑造了我们与他人的未来关系。
11．考查定语从句。句意：“你好”在我们的日常生活中是一个非常常见的词，它总是强调我们如何问候别人的重要性。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Hell，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。
12．考查名词。句意：我们选择的词语为整个交流设定了开端，反过来，又塑造了我们与他人关系的未来。此处应用名词beginning作宾语，the beginning f意为“……的开端”，故填beginning。
13．考查代词。句意：我们选择的词语为整个交流设定了开端，反过来，又塑造了我们与他人关系的未来。此处应用形容词性物主代词ur作定语，修饰名词relatinship，故填ur。
14．考查动词不定式。句意： 知道如何用不同的语言打招呼总是与世界其他地方交流的第一步。此处应用“疑问词hw+不定式”作宾语，故填t say。
15．考查固定搭配。句意： 知道如何用不同的语言打招呼总是与世界其他地方交流的第一步。when it cmes t固定句型，意为“当提到……”，故填cmes。
16．考查比较级。句意：当你学习一门新语言时，“你好”比其他任何单词都更重要。由than可知，此处应用imprtant的比较级作表语，故填mre imprtant。
17．考查名词的数。句意：现在让我们学习世界各地不同语言中的一些不同形式的“你好”: 英语中的“Hell”；汉语中的“你好”；法语中的“Bnjur”；西班牙语中的“Hla”。此处应用名词frm作宾语，由sme可知，应用复数形式，故填frms。
18．考查形容词。句意：让你为某些情况做好准备不是很有趣吗？此处应用形容词作表语，表示“有趣的”为形容词interesting，故填interesting。
19．考查介词。句意：打招呼的方式可以根据一天中的不同时间，或者你和你要打招呼的人的关系而改变。depend n/upn固定搭配，意为“依靠，取决于”，故填n/upn。
20．考查冠词。句意：学会与人打招呼就是建立联系，所以要尽力而为。have a try固定搭配，意为“尝试”，故填a。
（2023上·广东佛山·高一校联考期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is the hmetwn f kites. Mst peple believe they 21 (invent) 2,500 years ag, during the Spring and Autumn Perid. Later kites were used by the armies 22 (measure) distance, test the wind, and rescue peple. During the Tang dynasty, kites were used mre 23 a tl fr fun. At first, nly ryal (皇室的) family 24 (member) culd play with kites. Later it became ppular amng cmmn peple 25 flew them n imprtant events and festivals. Every year in spring when the Tmb-sweeping day came, almst every husehld went ut t fly the kite and had a picnic 26 sunny and windy days. 27 was a gd time t display the kites as well as enjy the warm weather and the fresh air.
Nwadays, flying kites has becme a ppular frm f 28 (pleased) and cmpetitin. Flying kites in spring day can benefit yur health physically and 29 (mental). Nt nly can it build up yur bdy but als it can help yu keep away 30 yur trubles and frget yur wrries.
【答案】21．were invented 22．t measure 23．as 24．members 25．wh/that 26．n 27．It 28．pleasure 29．mentally 30．frm
【导语】这是一篇说明文。 文章介绍了风筝的起源以及放风筝给人们带来的好处。
21．考查动词语态。句意：大多数人认为它们是2500年前春秋时期发明的。动词invent和主语之间是被动关系，根据时间状语2,500 years ag可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词使用were。故填were invented。
22．考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，风筝被军队用来测量距离、测试风力和营救人员。use sth t d sth“用某物做某事”是固定句型，不定式作目的状语。故填t measure。
23．考查介词。句意：在唐代，风筝更多地被用作娱乐工具。起初，只有皇室成员才能玩风筝。use…as“把……用作”，符合句意。故填as。
24．考查名词复数。句意：同上。根据句意可知，名词member应用复数形式，零冠词可数名词复数表泛指，作主语。故填members。
25．考查定语从句。句意：后来，它在普通民众中流行起来，他们在重要的活动和节日里驾驶它们。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为peple，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词wh或that引导，作主语。故填wh或that。
26．考查介词。句意：每年春天，当清明节到来的时候，几乎每家每户都出去放风筝，在晴朗或刮风的日子里野餐。在day前应用介词n。故填n。
27．考查it作形式主语。句意：这是一个展示风筝以及享受温暖的天气和新鲜空气的好时机。分析可知，此处应用it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语。句首字母大写，故填It。
28．考查名词。句意：如今，放风筝已经成为一种流行的娱乐和比赛形式。介词f后，应用名词pleasure(不可数)作宾语。故填pleasure。
29．考查副词。句意：在春天放风筝有益于身心健康。此处修饰动词，应用副词mentally和physically并列作状语。故填mentally。
30．考查介词。句意：它不仅可以增强你的体质，还可以帮助你远离烦恼，忘记忧愁。keep away frm“远离”是固定搭配。故填frm。
序号
内容
Part ne
认识名词短语、形容词短语 副词短语
Part tw
名词短语、形容词短语 副词短语的句法功能
Part three
基础练60题
Part fur
综合练30题