【精品同步练习】译林版英语八年级复习Unit 1 单元知识点详解（带答案）

这是一份【精品同步练习】译林版英语八年级复习Unit 1 单元知识点详解（带答案），共12页。
8A Unit 1 单元知识解析Comic strip and Welcome to the unit重点单词清单1. thirsty /形 adj.口渴的典例I'm so thirsty. Can I get something to drink?我如此口渴。我可以要点儿喝的吗?拓展thirsty的比较级是thirstier, 最高级是thirstiest。2.honest/形adj.诚实的;正直的助记诚实的猴[ ho(u) ]待在鸟巢( nest)里。典例an honest boy一个诚实的男孩反义：dishonest adj.不诚实的,不正直的拓展honest是以元音音素开头的单词，前面用不定冠词an。联想honesty n.诚实,正直3. secret /名n.秘密典例I can’t tell you that. It’s a secret.我不能告诉你那件事。它是个秘密。短语* keep a secret保守秘密in secret秘密地，暗地里拓展secret adj. 秘密的4. care/动vi.& vt.关心，关注,在意典例：I don't care much about going to the party.我不太在意去参加那个晚会。短语：care for 照料;喜欢care about 关心;关怀联想care n. 照管;管理;看护;小心;留神take care of照料,关怀5. yourself /代pron.你自己助记your( pron.你的)+self(n.自己)= yourself典例Help yourself to some fish, Ann.安，请随便吃些鱼吧。短语*enjoy yourself玩得开心by yourself独自地,独立地help yourself to... 请随便吃拓展yourself的复数形式为yourselves.magazine/n.杂志典例read many kinds of magazines拓展英语中“看”的不同表达看书read a book 看电影see/ watch a film 看电视watch TV看黑板look at the blackboard 看医生see the doctor 看窗外look out of the window7. good-looking /形adj.好看的,漂亮的助记：good( adj.好的) +looking( adj......相貌的)= good-looking典例：Lucy is a good-looking girl.露西是一个漂亮的姑娘。联想nice-looking好看的strange-looking 样子古怪的ordinary-looking 相貌平常的8. humorous/ adj.幽默的助记胡(hu)子摸( mo)起来很柔(rou),像丝(s)一样,听起来真幽默! 典例Mark Twain is a humorous winter.马克吐温是一个幽默的作家。联想humor n.幽默;诙谐humorist n.幽默家9. polite/形adj.礼貌的典例：It is polite of us to give seats on the bus.对我们来说,在公交车上(给人)让座是有礼貌的。反义impolite adj.无礼的，粗鲁的联想* politely adv.有礼貌地tidy/形adj.爱整洁的,整洁的典例We should keep our classroom tidy.我们应使我们的教室保持整洁。反义untidy adj.不整洁的，不干净的拓展tidy的比较级是tidier ，最高级是tidiest联想tidy v.使整洁;使整齐;整理trust/动vt.信任典例Nobody trusted him.没有人信任他。拓展* trust n.信任，信赖12. joke /名n.玩笑典例 Jack often tells us some funny jokes.杰克经常给我们讲一些有趣的笑话。短语tell a joke讲笑话play a joke on sb开某人的玩笑联想 joke V.开玩笑考点详解Do you want some?你想要一些吗？考点1)want要,想要want是及物动词，意为“要.想要”,通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时中,不能用于将来时和进行时中。常用短语有：want sth想要某物want to do sth想要做某事want sb to do sth想要某人做某事★The boy wants to watch TV every Sunday.这个男孩每个星期天都想要看电视。★I want you to help me carry things.我想要你帮我提东西2. Can I have something to drink?我能喝点儿什么吗?考点：动词不定式修饰不定代词 必记something to drink意为“喝的东西”，动词不定式to drink作定语修饰不定代词something。动词不定式或形容词修饰不定代词时，需要放在不定代词的后面。★I have something to say on this question.就这个问题我有话要说。▲ 动词不定式to say修饰不定代词something3. What about some milk? 一些牛奶怎么样? ?考点 What about...? ...怎么样? ◆“What about..?"相当于“How about...?" ，意为....怎么样?”,可用来征求意见或提出建议,其后可接名词(短语)、动名词或代词。★What How about some cakes?一些蛋糕怎么样?名词短语★What/ How about taking a bus?乘公交车如何?动名词同类归纳：其他表示建议的句型Why don't you/ Why not...? (你)为什么不.....Would you like/ love...?你愿意...吗?You'd better do sth.你最好做某事。Let's do...!让我们做...吧4.Can I have some more food?我能再要点儿食物吗?考点some more更多一些 ◆常考some more food意为“更多些食物”。 more在这里表示“再，又;另外的;附加的”，常位于数词和不定代词之后,用来修饰名词。常用结构为“数词或some/ many/a few... +more+名词”。★I'm very hungry. Please give me one more egg.我非常饿。请再给我个鸡蛋 。★I need some more candles.我还需要一些蜡烛。知识拓展当more前是数词时，“数词+more+名词”=‘“another+数词+名词” ★I want to buy another two books/ two more books./ two more books.我想再买两本书。5. What makes your friend so special?什么使你的朋友如此特别?考点make+宾语+宾语补足语在本句中，make作使役动词,意为“使”,形容词special作宾语补足语。“make+宾语+形容词”意为“使某人/某物 make还可以构成“make+sb+省略to的动词不定式”结构，意为“使某人做某事”。Reading重点单词清单1. voice /n.嗓音典例：clear voice清脆的嗓音短语：with one voice异口同声地in a low voice低声地;小声地2 singer/名n.歌手助记ing(.唱歌)+er (名词后缀，表示进行某种动作的人)= singer 典例The man is a famous singer. 这位男土是一位著名的歌唱家。3.round /形adj.圆形的典例：Sometimes the moon is as round as a plate.有时候月亮像盘子一样圆。联想round prep. 围着,绕着; ....周围 adv.在周围;围绕;转过来4.sense /名n.感觉;观念,意识典例 A dog has a good sense of smell.狗有很好 的嗅觉。短语have a sense ...的感觉/意识5.bored /形adj.无聊的助记bore(u.使厌烦，烦扰) +d= bored典例She feels bored at home.在家待着她觉得无聊。.联想boring adj.令人厌烦的6.fit/ vi.可容纳,装进典例：I think we can fit in the car.我想这辆小车能够容纳我们。拓展fit的过去式和过去分词都是fitted,现在词是fitting。联想：fit v.合适，适合 fit adj.健康的7.knock/动vt. 碰，撞;把....撞击 成典例The man was knocked down by a bicycle. 个男人被辆自行车撞倒了。短语knock into 与...相撞 knock down撞倒联想knock n.敲击;敲门声8 smile /动vi.微笑典例She smiled every time I saw her. 每次我见她她都微笑着。短语*smile at朝着....微笑choose/vt. &vi.选择;挑选典例Choose your friends carefully. 择友要谨慎。拓展choose过去式是chose,过去分词chosen。联想 choice n.选择考点深度解读1. She is willing to share things with her friends.她乐意和朋友分享东西。考点 be willing to do sth愿意/乐意做某事be willing to do sth是固定短语，意为“愿意/乐意做某事”。★She is willing to work in the factory. 她愿意在这个工厂工作。 动词原形考点 share sth with sb与某人分享某物★You should share the big cake with your little sister.你应该和你的小妹妹分享这个大蛋糕。2.He is the tallest boy in our class almost 1. 75 metres.他是我们班最高的男生将近1.75米。考点 almost几乎,差不多 了解almost作副词，意为“几乎，差不多”，一般置于实义动词之前,系动词、助动词和情态动词之后。★Hurry up! It is almost time for school.快点儿!快到上学的时间了。[易混辨析] almost与nearlyalmost的差距比nearly小,可与no, nothing, none, never等否定意义的词连用,但不能和not连用。nearly的差距比almost大，可以和very, pretty, not连用,但不能和never,no,none,nothing等词连用。3.I can tell her anything because she can keep a secret.我可以告诉她任何事情，因为她能保守秘密。考点 because因为 ◆常考because作连词，意为“因为”,引导原因状语从句。注意because不能与so(所以)出现在同一句话中。★Li Ming was late for school because his bike was broken.李明上学迟到了,因他的自行车坏了。引导原因状语从句知识拓展 because of意为“因为，由于”，后接名词.代词或动名词，不能接句子★we didn't go hiking because of the rain由于下雨,我们没有去远足。4.Who would you choose as your best friend?你会选谁作为你最好的朋友?考点choose选择;挑选 choose作动词,意为“选择;挑选”,后可跟名词或动词不定式作宾语。choose sb：as.....意为“选择某人作为...."choose to do sth意为“选择做某事’★They chose Li Ming as chairman.他们选李明当主席名词★He chose to stay at home. 他选择待在家里。动词不定式Grammar一、形容词的比较级和最高级1.形容词的比较级的用法：形容词的比较级用于两者之间的比较,其结构为“主语+谓语动词(系动词)+形容词的比较级+than+比较对象★Our teacher is taller than we are.我们的老师(的个子)比我们高。2.形容词的最高级的用法：形容词的最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较,其结构为“主语+谓语动词(系动词) +the +形容词的最高级( +名词)+表示范围的短语或从句”。★She is the best student in her class.她是她的班上最好的学生。3.形容词的比较级和最高级的构成(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词，在词尾加-er变为比较级,加-est 变为最高级★fast→faster→fastest ★long→longer→longest ★clever→cleverer→cleverest(2)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词,应双写这个辅音字母再加-er变为比较级，加-est变为最高级。★big→bigger→biggest ★red→redder→reddest★thin→thinner→thinnest ★slim→slimmer→slimmest(3)以字母e结尾的形容词，直接在词尾加变为比较级,加-s变为最高级。★nice→nicer→nicest ★late→later→latest ★close→closer→closest(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，变y为i,再加-er变为比较级，加-est变为最高级。★heavy→heavier→heaviest ★happy→happier→happiest★pretty→prettier→prettiest ★easy→easier→easiest(5)多音节和部分双音节形容词变为比较级时，前面加more;变为最高级时,前面加most。★tired→more tired→most tired ★ important→more important→most important★careful→more careful→most careful ★ beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful不规则变化的形容词二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法1.“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”。　如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。注意：①在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。②在比较级前面使用much，表示程度程度“强得多”。如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.③ very, quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。2.“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越……”如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。　　It is getting cooler and cooler.天气越来越凉爽。　　The wind became more and more heavily.风变得越来越大。　　Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的学校变得越来越美丽。3.在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。　　如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高，Tim还是Tom?4. “the +比较级……, the+比较级”，表示“越……越……”。　　The more money you make, the more you spend.钱你赚得越多，花得越多。　　The sooner，the better.越快越好。5. 表示倍数的比较级用法：①. A is …times the size /height/length/width of B.如：The new building is three times the height of the old one.　 这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。(新楼是旧楼的四倍高)②. A is …times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)③. A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.如：Our school is twice bigger than yours.我们学校比你们学校大两倍。6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最……”的意思。句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如：of the three, in our class等等。如：He is the tallest in our class.他在我们班里是最高的。7."否定词语+比较级"，"否定词语+ so… as"结构表示最高级含义。Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.8. 比较级与最高级的转换：　Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 迈克是他班上最聪明的人。　=Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class. Mike比班上的任何学生都聪明。7.修饰比较级和最高级的词1)可修饰比较级的词①.a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。②. 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。③. 以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。(错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.(对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2)下列词可修饰最高级：by far, far, much, mostly, almost。　This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注意：a. very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。This is the very best. 这是最好的。This is much the best. 这是最好的。b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africa is the second largest continent.8.要避免重复使用比较级。(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.(对) He is more clever than his brother.(对) He is cleverer than his brother.9.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.(对) China is larger than any other country in Asia.10.要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.11.要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia?加拿大和澳大利亚哪个大？　 Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?　　 She is taller than her two sisters.她比她的两个姐姐高。　　 She is the taller of the two sisters.Integrated skills1. plan /名n.打算,计划典例：Do you like this plan?你喜欢这个计划吗?短语make a plan for...为....制订计划拓展*plan还可作动词,意为“打算,计划”。短语plan to do sth意为“计划/打算做某事’Where do you plan to spend your holiday?你打算在何处度假?2.social /形adj.社会的典例：Sandy will be a social worker when she grows up.当桑迪长大后，她会做一名社会工作者。短语social workers社会工作者social problems社会问题联想：society n.社会3 shy /形adj.害羞的典例 Mary is a shy girl.玛丽是一个害羞的女孩。拓展*shy还可表示“胆怯的,不敢的”。Once bitten, twice shy. 一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳。考点深度解读1.I would like to be a social worker when I grow up.我长大后想当一名社会工作者。考点 would like想要 would like表示“想要”，是-种较委婉 、礼貌的说法， 常和人称代词缩写成I'd like, he'd like, she'd like等。would like 的其他常用结构有：would like sth 意为“想要某物”;would like to do sth意为“想要做某事”;would like sb to do sth意为“想要某人做某事”。★I would like to go to the park this weekend.这周末我想去公园。动词不定式★I'd like you to meet my parents.我想要你见见我的父母。知识拓展回答“Would you like..."问句时,肯定回答常用“Yes, please. /Yes, I'd ( We'd) like( love) to. /Certainly. /Yes, thank you. ”等;否定回答常用“No, thanks. /No, thank you.”等。★-Would you like some orange juice?你想要- - 些橘汁吗?- No, thanks. 不用了，谢谢。2... and help them with their problems. ....并帮助他们解决问题。考点 help sb with sth帮助某人做某事,相当于help sb (to) do sth。★The children's father helps them with their homework.孩子们的父亲帮助他们做家庭作业。= helps them do3. I will be happy if I can make other people happy.如果我能使其他人高兴，我将会很开心。考点if引导条件状语从句 必记if表示“如果”,引导条件状语从句时，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，即if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”的原则。★If it snows tomorrow,we will not go to the zoo.知识拓展如果主句是祈使句或者含有情态动词,if引导的条件状语从句要用一般现在时。★Please tell me the truth if you want.如果你愿意，请告诉我实情。★If you don't hurry, you may be late.如果你不快点儿，你也许会迟到。4.What's he like?他是个什么样的人?考点 What+be+人+ like? 某人怎么样?、 该句型常用于询问某人的性格或内在的特征。like 在此用作介词，意为“像”★-What's your English teacher like? 你的英语老师怎么样？ -She is very kind to us. 她对我们很好。Task重点单词清单1.square/形adj.方形的典例：There is a square table in the room.有一张方形的桌子。联想square n.正方形;广场;平方2.smiling /形adj.微笑的，带着笑意的助记 smile (v.微笑)去e+ing (形容词后缀)=smiling 典例I saw the joy on her smiling face.从她的笑脸上我看到了喜悦。联想smile v.微笑 n.微笑3 handsome/形adj.英俊的助记：手(hand)拉着几个(some)英俊的男孩。联想记忆法典例Simon is a handsome boy with big bright eyes西蒙是一个长着又大又明亮的眼睛的英俊男孩。注意handsome主要用于形容男性。4 fat adj.胖的典例You are fatter than me.你比我胖。反义thin adj.瘦的拓展：其比较级和最高级要双写t再加-er, -est。联想：fat n.脂肪,肥肉5.hard-working/形adj. 勤奋的,工作努力的助记* hard( adv.努力地) +working(动词work的现在分词)= hard-working 典例He is a hard-working teacher.他是一名勤奋的教师。近义diligent adj.勤奋的 反义lazy adj.懒惰的6. patient /形adj.耐心的助记patient 有耐心的典例：The teacher is patient enough to answer our questions这个老师有足够的耐心回答我们的问题。短语：be patient with sb/sth 对某人/某事有耐心联想" patiently adv.耐心地patience n.耐心,忍耐力7.unhappy /形adj.不快乐的,悲伤的助记”un-(否定前缀) +happy (adj.快乐的)=unhappy 典例 don't see why you are so unhappy.我不明白你为什么这么不高兴。近义sad adj.悲伤的，伤心的拓展 unhappy的比较级为unhappier,最高级为unhappiest。常用词缀un-是常用的否定前缀，类似的词汇有unfair(不公平的); unlucky(不幸的);uncomfortable( 不舒服的)等。在记忆某些特殊的单词时,利用词根、词缀知识来记忆效率更高。比如：happy - -happiness-happily- unhappy- unhappiness - -unhappily 等。8 excellent/ 形adj.杰出的,极好的典例She is an excellent doctor. 她是一位极好的医生。短语be excellent in在....方面极好近义wonderful adj极好的,精彩的联想excellently adv.极好地，精彩地excellence.卓越,杰出，优秀考点深度解读1.Kate is both my neighbour and my best friend. 凯特既是我的邻居又是我最好的朋友。考点 both.............;既......◆常考both...and...意为‘ 通常连接两个相同的句子成分。当连接并列名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。★Both Tom and Jim are from the UK.汤姆和吉姆都来自英国。2 When I feel bored or unhappy, I often go to her.当我感觉烦闷或不高兴的时候，我常常去找她。考点 feel感觉，觉得feel bored or unhappy是系表结构，意为“感觉烦闷或不高兴”。feel是连系动词，意为“感觉，觉得”，其后跟形容词作表语。★She always feels embarrassed when she meets strangers.她见到陌生人时总是感觉很尴尬。★The news made me feel very sad.这个消息使我感到很难过。知识拓展feel还可以作实义动词,意为“感受,感觉，体会到”。★He feels differently this term. 这学期他感觉不样。★I feel sorry for him.我为他感到可惜。原级比较级最高级goodbetterbestmanymoremostbadworseworstfarfarther / furtherfarthest / furthestoldolder / elderoldest / eldest