【精品同步练习】译林版英语八年级复习Unit 6 单元知识点详解（带答案）

这是一份【精品同步练习】译林版英语八年级复习Unit 6 单元知识点详解（带答案），共11页。
8A Unit 6 单元知识解析Comic strip~Welcome to the unit1.I often go to the market to watch the birds. 我经常去市场观鸟。watch the birds= go birdwatching “观鸟，看鸟”句中的to watch the birds是动词不定式结构，在句中作目的状语。To catch the bus, he got up early. 为了赶上公共汽车，他很早就起床了。My parents came to New York to see me last month. 上个月我父母到纽约来看我。2.I like the birds at the market.market n. “市场”可数名词，但常用单数。固定短语：at the market在市场上 free market自由市场 food market食品市场 Jack is at the market shopping for fruit. 杰克正在市场上买水果。拓展market的派生词为supermarket “超市”They buy food at the supermarket.他们在超市买食物。3.What do cranes look like? 鹤看起来是什么样的？look like意为“看起来像”，like为介词，后面常接名词作宾语。He looks like a scholar. 他看上去像一个学者。【辨析】look like与be like4.They have long legs and a long thin neck. 它们有长腿和细长的颈。多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词（冠词、物主代词等）→描绘性形容词（大小→长短→形状→新旧→颜色）→国籍、地区→材料性质→用途类别→名词。a small round table 一张小圆桌a dirty old brown shirt 一件又脏又旧的棕色衬衫5.How many types of cranes are there in the world? 世界上有多少种鹤？type的同义词是kind how many types也可说成how many kinds。a type of …=a kind of… 一种…… different types/kinds of 各种各样的，不同种类的 all types of 各种各样的How many types/kinds of books are there on the shelf?书架上有多少种类型的书？6.The science teacher encourages the Class 1, Grade 8 students to join the Birdwatching Society to learn more about birds in the wetlands.科学老师鼓励八年级一班的学生加入观鸟协会，更多地了解湿地上的鸟类。(1) society社会[U]; 协会[C]加入观鸟协会join the Birdwatching Society social 社会的 adj.(2) birdwatch v. 观鸟 birdwatcher n.观鸟者 go birdwatching去观鸟去观鸟 go birdwatching = go to watch the birds7.wide adj. 指宽度，“宽的” adv. 指（门，窗，眼，嘴等）大开，大张widely adv. 广泛地 use sth widely 广泛地使用……broad adj. 指幅员辽阔的，看不到边际的，“宽广的，辽阔的”Reading1.Zhalong Nature Reserve is in Heilongjiang Province in North-east China. 扎龙自然保护区在中国东北的黑龙江省。nature reserves n. 自然保护区the natural world 自然世界 natural disasters adj. 自然灾害（1）in表示方位，意为“在”，即一个小地方处在一个大地方的范围（疆域）之内。Shanghai is in the east of China.【拓展】on表示方位，意为“在……端/边”，即一个地方在另一个地方的某一端或某一边，两个地方只是相邻或接壤，无包含关系。Sichuan Province is on the north of Guizhou Province. 四川省在贵州省的北边。to表示方位，意为“在”，即一个地方在另一个地方的范围之外，互不管辖。尤其指两个地方相隔较远，且有湖泊、大海等区域相隔。Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东面。（2）north-east为方位词，意为“东北方”。It snows heavily in North-east China in winter. 中国东北地区冬天下很大的雪。【归纳】表示方位的词 西北 north-west north 北 north-east 东北 ↖ ↑ ↗ west 西← →east 东 ↙ ↓ ↘ 西南 south-west south 南 south-east 东南2.It is one of the world’s most important wetlands. 它是世界上最重要的湿地之一。“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词的复数形式”表示“最……之一”，形容词前一般有the或物主代词。Tom is one of the tallest boys in his class. 汤姆是他班上最高的男孩之一。【注意】当one of作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。One of them likes swimming. 他们中的一个喜欢游泳。3.The area provides food and cover for a lot of wildlife. 这个地区为众多野生动物提供食物和栖息地。provide vt.提供provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. “为某人／某物提供某物”The river provides water for the villagers.= The river provides the villagers with water. 这条河流给村民们提供水。区别：offer sbsth=offer sth to sboffer主动提供cover n.庇护所［U］封面；罩［C］stick it on the cover 4.It is a perfect place for some rare birds. 这是一些稀有鸟类的完美去处。1）perfect adj.极好的注意：perfect常表达一种绝对的意思，所以在使用时，不可以在它前面加比较副词，如“more perfect”，“very perfect”。可以说成the best2）完美的：No one expects you to be perfect, but we do expect you to do your best always. 没有人期望你做到完美，但我们确实希望你永远做到最好。The actor was perfect for this part. 这演员非常适合这个角色。5.Many birds live in Zhalongall year round, whilesome go there only for a short stay. 许多鸟常年生活在扎龙，而有些鸟则仅去那儿作短暂停留。go there for a short stay= stay there for a short time 在那做短暂停留（1）all year round “一年到头；常年；终年”，相当于all the year round = during the whole year通常在句子中作状语。It’s spring all year round in Kunming. 昆明一年四季如春。拓展：all day/ night long整天/夜Some places in the world are covered with ice and snow all year round. 世界上有些地方一年四季都被冰雪覆盖着。（2）while 连词，“然而”，表示转折。He is a worker while I am a doctor. 他是个工人，而我是个医生。一词多义当.......时后接延续性动词 I’m doing my homework while my mother is watching TV. 我在做作业，而我妈妈在看电视。然而（做对比）I like drinking warm water while my brother likes drinking cold water. 我喜欢喝温水，而我哥哥则喜欢喝冷水。尽管，虽然=though While I got up early, I didn’t catch the first bus. 虽然我起得很早，但我没有赶上第一辆公共汽车。n 一小会= a short moment(n)一会儿 stay for a short while短暂停留（3）for a short stay “短暂的停留”，在句中作状语， stay n.停留，逗留保持健康 stay healthy“for＋一段时间”常跟在动词后，表示“做某事一段时间”，对它提问时用how long。I can only come here for a short stay. 我只能来这里短暂停留。6.There are not many left in the world, and 40 per cent of them live in Zhalong. 世界上的鹤所剩不多，其中40%生活在扎龙。per cent n. 可写作percent，意为“百分之……”。常用于“数词+per cent of+名词”结构，其中名词可以是复数名词也可以是不可数名词。“数词+per cent of+名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词要与of后面的名词保持一致。80 percent of the fruit ______(go)bad. goes65 percent of the children _______(like)fast food. like7.Some people want to make the wetlands smaller in order to have more space for farms and buildings. 一些人想要减少湿地（的面积），以便为耕地和建筑用地腾出更多空间。（1）in order to意为“以便，为的是”，后接动词原形，表示目的。其否定形式是in order not to意为“以免”。He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他起得很早，为了赶上第一班公交车。Be quiet in the reading room in order not to disturb others. 在阅览室里要安静，以免打扰别人。（2）have/ make space for…“给……腾出地方”，相当于have/make room for…，space不可数名词，地方；空间= room8.This will lead to less and less space for wildlife. 这将会导致野生动物的空间越来越小。（1）lead to意为“导致”，这里的to作介词，后跟名词或代词。lead to还可以表示“引起；通向”。This will lead to many problems in the future. 这将导致以后的许多问题。These passages lead to the rooms inside. 这些走廊通向里面的房间。All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。（2）less and less意为“越来越少”，属于“比较级+and+比较级”结构，意为“越来越……”。如果是多音节的形容词或副词，用“more and more+形容词/副词”结构。The city is becoming more and more beautiful. 这座城市变得越来越漂亮。9.Moreover, fishermen keep fishing here.moreover 此外，类似的词还有：besides/as well/what’s more/also(单独用）/in addition如:The rent is reasonable, and moreover, the location is perfect. 这房租合理,而且地点非常优越。10.As a result, the birds do not have enough food to eat. 因此，鸟类没有足够的食物可吃。(1)as a result的含义和用法(2) enough在句中作形容词，意为“足够的，充分的”，可作定语修饰名词，置于被修饰的名词前后均可，也可作表语。Don’t worry. We have enough time to catch the early bus. 不用担心。我们有足够的时间赶早班车。【拓展】enough还可以作副词，意为“充足地，足够地”，可用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，通常置于被修饰词之后。enough后面常接不定式短语或for短语。“adj./adv.+enough to do sth”意为“足够……做某事”。The boy is old enough to go to school. 这个男孩足够大，可以去上学了。11.Now the Chinese government has made laws to prevent all these things in Zhalong. 如今中国政府已经制定了法律来阻止扎龙地区所有这些事情的发生。prevent v. 意为“防止，预约”，常用结构：prevent sb (from) doing sth意为“阻止某人做某事”，from在这个结构中可以省略。Can you think of a better way to prevent the pollution? 你能想个更好的办法来阻止污染吗？Nobody can prevent us (from) going there. 没有人能阻止我我们去那里。【拓展】表示“阻止某人做某事”的其他结构stop sb (from) doing sthprevent sb (from) doing sthkeep sb from doing sthThe heavy rain kept us from arriving on time. 大雨让我们没能按时到达。We stopped him from coming here. 我们阻止他来这里。12.We record their types and changes in their numbers.我们记录它们的种类和在数量上的变化。(1) record v. 意思是“记录；录音”record [ˈrikɔ:d] v 记录记录成绩 ~ scoresrecord[ˈ'reko：d] n 记录录音；唱片”，keep/break the record of...保持、打破记录n. recorder 收音机I will record what you say.我将把你说的话录下来。Please play the record again.请再放一遍这张唱片。(2) the changes in their numbers“它们在数量上的变化”，change n. 意思是“变化；改变,零钱”，介词短语in their numbers作它的后置定语。表示在某一方面的变化或改变，通常用介词in。changes in... 在某方面的改变Eg: We see the great changes of this city with our own eyes. 我们亲眼目睹了这座城市的巨大变化。There will be a great change in the programme.节目将会有很大的变动。13.We are now inviting them to help us. We need more people to count and describe the birds.我们现在邀请他们来帮助我们。我们需要更多的人来统计和描述。invite的用法: invite sb. to some place/ to do sth邀请某人去某地/去做某事,类似结构: need sb. to do sth需要某人做某事describe vt.描述 n.[C]description the description(s) of…14.We hope this will help peopleunderstand the importance ofthe wetlands.我们希望这能帮助人们了解湿地的重要性。importance n.意为“重要性”；其形容词是important，意为“重要的”。be important = be of importance 重要的15.Studying Zhalong helps us learn about protecting wildlife.研究扎龙可以帮助我们了解如何保护野生动物。(1)studying:动名词作主语,也可用 To study作主语,但要注意的是:不能用动词原形作主语(2)learn about的含义:了解,学习 learn about doing sth 了解,学习(关于)做……。Grammar1.Take a notebook with you in order to write down what you see. 随身携带一个笔记本以便能记下你看到的东西。write down“写下，记下”，是由“动词+副词”构成的动副短语。其后接名词作宾语时，名词可放在down之前或之后；其后接代词作宾语时，代词必须放在write和down的中间。Did you write down the telephone number? 你记下电话号码了吗？Write it down! 把它记下来！2.Mr Wu agreed to let me join their school trip. 吴先生同意让我去参加他们的学校旅行。agree to+提议/计划/建议等词agree to do sth同意做某事agree sb (not) to do sth同意某人（不）做某事agree with sb同意某人的建议 +表示人/建议的词agree on/upon指双方经过协商而取得一致意见或达成协议3.She saw a baby panda drink her mother’s milk. 她看到一只熊猫宝宝在喝母乳。see sbdo sth看见某人做某事（常与often等词连用，表示经常看见或者看见了动作的全过程）see sbdoingsth看见某人正在做某事（表示看到的时候动作正在进行）4.Millie and Amy heard someone sing in the park. 米莉和艾米听见有人在公园里唱歌。hear sb do sth意为“听见某人做某事”，表示听到动作发生的全过程或某个动作经常发生。We often hear him sing in the next room. 我们经常听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。【拓展】hear sb doing sth意为“听见某人正在做某事”，表示听到某个动作正在进行。Listen! I can hear someone knocking at the door. 听！我能听见有人在敲门。5.Mr Wu told us to watch the birds carefully. 吴老师告诉我们认真观察鸟类。tell sb to do sth意为“告诉某人做某事”，其否定形式tell sb not to do sth意为“告诉某人不要做某事”。He told students not to stay there. 他告诉学生们不要待在那里。重点语法：动词不定式作目的状语1．动词不定式作目的状语主要用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时，还可以在动词前面加in order to或so as to，意为“为了，目的是”。如： He stopped to ask the way．他停下来问路。 I will sit in the front in order to hear more clearly．为了听得更清楚，我要坐在前面。2．动词不定式的否定形式是在to前加not。如： I wrote it down in order not to forget．为了不忘记，我把它写了下来。3．由in order to引导的目的状语，既可以置于句首，也可以置于句尾，而由so as to引导的目的状语，只能置于句尾，不能置于句首。如： They started early in order to / so as to get there in time．为了及时到达那里，他们出发得早。=In order to get there in time，they started early．为了及时赶到那里，他们早早就出发了。We do after-school activities every day in order to keep healthy. 。=In order to keep healthy we do after-school activities every day.为了保持健康，我们每天都做课外活动4．动词不定式的复合结构作目的状语当不定式有自己的主语时，要用不定式的复合结构(即在不定式前加for+．g词或代词宾格)作状语。如： He opened the door for the children to come in．为了让孩子们进来，他打开了门。动词不定式作宾语补足语我们可以用动词不定式来说明宾语的情况，此时动词不定式在句中作宾语补足语。动词不定式作宾语补足语，有带to和不带to两种形式。[ 注意 ]①动词help后接不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式可以带to也可以不带to。Children should help their parents（to）do the housework.孩子们应该帮助父母做家务。②动词不定式的否定形式是仔原来的不定式前面加not.(not to do/not do) The teacher told us not to copy others’ homework.老师告诉我们不要抄袭别人的作业。I want to make the little not cry.我想让这个小宝宝不要哭。总结两种情况：带to和不带to如：ask sb to do; make sb do带to：ask, tell, order, invite, get, allow, wish, want, encourage, advise, warn, like, love, hate不带to：感官动词；使役动词help半帮，可带可不带注意：see sb do（表示状态） see sb doing（表示动作）Integrated skills1.The reserve covers an area of over…square kilometres. 保护区面积超过…平方公里。cover ①vt.覆盖cover A with B 用B覆盖A Don’t cover your mouth with your hand.不要用你的手捂住嘴。cover an area of....占地面积为.... Our school covers an area of 20 hectares.我们学校占地面积为20公顷。be covered with.... 被...覆盖②n.封面 the cover of... ...的封面2.Yancheng is the second largest home to red-crowned cranes in China.盐城是中国第二大丹顶鹤栖息地。the second largest第二大the+序数词+形容词的最高级3.What should we take with us when we go birdwatching, Sandy? 桑迪，我们去观鸟的时候应该带些什么呢？go birdwatching意为“去观鸟”，属于“go+v.-ing”结构，表示“去做某事，从事某种娱乐休闲的活动”。Buy some butter for me when you go shopping. 你购物的时候给我买些黄油。【归纳】“go+v.-ing”的短语go camping go swimminggo boating go skatinggo sightseeing go climbinggo dancing go walkinggo shopping go fishing4.Anything else? 还有其他的吗？anything else意为“其他某物/某事”，其中anything为不定代词，else要位于不定代词或疑问代词的后面。I didn’t break your window. It must be someone else. 我没打破窗户。肯定另有其人。There’s nothing else in the fridge. 冰箱里没别的东西了。study skills在某些动词或名词后面加上-er， -or和ist等后缀就可以构成名词，表示“从事某种职业的人”或者“某一类人”。下面将表示“人”的后缀加以分类总结①加-er表示“人”，这类词多数情况下表示的人在社会中处于较低地位或是普通人士。如：clean—cleaner 清洁工人 dance——dancer舞者 sing—singer歌手speak——speaker 说话人，演讲者 surf—surfer冲浪者 teach——teacher 教师think——thinker思想家 travel—traveler旅行者 wait——waiter侍者,服务员win—winner优胜者 write——writer作者,作家②加-or表示“人”，一般加在以t结尾的动词后，这类词多数情况下表示的人在社会中处于较高地位或是管理和支配别人的人。如：doctor博士/医生director导演/主任act—-actor  男演员visit—visitor访问者,来宾③加-ist表示“人”，这类词多数情况下表示事业有成或较为特殊的人，常可译作“......家”如：artist艺术家scientist科学家pianist钢琴家 tourist 旅游者Task1.First, let me introduce myself. 首先，让我来介绍一下我自己。introduce vt.介绍, 短语introduce oneself“自我介绍”。introduce A to B表示“把A介绍或引见给B”。It’s my honor to introduce my teacher to everyone. 把我的老师介绍给大家是我的荣幸。→introduction n.介绍，引见（可数）2.I am very interested in learning about different kinds of plants, birds and animals. 我对学习各种不同的植物、鸟类和动物非常感兴趣。be interested in意为“对……感兴趣”，其后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。be interested in (doing) sth对（做）某事感兴趣I’m not interested in it.（接代词）我对它不感兴趣。Children are interested in the fairy tales of Andersen.（接名词）孩子们对安徒生的童话故事很感兴趣。We are interested in listening to the story.（接动词-ing形式）我们对听这个故事很感兴趣。3...., and I thinkit is important for me to do something to protect them. ……，并且我认为对于我来说做一些事情保护它们是很重要的。“It’s +adj.+for sb+to do sth”意为“对于某人来说，做某事是……的”。it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。在此句型中，形容词时形容某事或某物的词，如：easy、hard、important等。It is important to lie in bed for some time. 卧床休息一段时间很重要。It’s difficult for him to finish the work on time. 对他来说，按时完成这项工作真是太难了。【拓展】“It’s +adj.+of sb+to do sth”意为“某人做某事是……的”。词句型中，形容词表示的是人的品德的词，如：good、kind、nice、clever、careful等。It’s clever of you to leave away. 你离开是明智之举。4.You can call me on 010-5558 6390 or e-mail me at amy@sunshine.com.call ab on/at+电话号码拨打...(号码)找某人call+电话号码 打...（号码）email sbat+邮箱地址给某人发送邮件至....（邮箱）look like表示“看起来像……”，指的是“外表像”- What does he look like? -他长什么样子？- He is very tall and handsome.-他又高又英俊。be like指“品德，性格特征”等- What is she like?-她是什么样子的？- She is very kind.-她很好。as a result是一个习惯短语,意为“因此,结果”如:As a result,discussion was put off until the following week. 结果讨论被推迟到了下星期。as a result ofas a result of意为“因为,由于,作为……的结果”,用来作状语。He was late as a result of(=because of) the heavy snow. 他迟到是由于大雪所导致的。分类常用动词带totell，ask，want，would like，order，invite，get，allow，wish，encourage，advise，need，like，love,hate，teach等The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow.老师叫我们明天早点来。Her parents wish her to be a teacher.她的父母希望她能成为一名教师。My teacher told us to wear school uniforms．我的老师让我们要穿校服。Please ask them not to make noise．请要求他们不要制造噪音。不带to一感（feel）二听(hear，listen to)三使（let,have,make）四看(see,watch,notice,look at)Let the boy go out now.现在就让这个男孩出去吧。That boy made the baby cry.那个男孩叫婴儿哭了起来。My mother often listens to me play the piano.我妈妈经常听我弹钢琴。interest不可数名词“兴趣” take (an) interest in....动词“使感兴趣，引起...的注意”，主语多为事或物interested形容词修饰人sb be/get/become interested in ...interesting形容词修饰事/物sth be interesting