译林版八年级上册英语第3讲 冠词（知识梳理+含答案）

这是一份译林版八年级上册英语第3讲 冠词（知识梳理+含答案），共19页。

第3章 冠词
冠词是虚词，本身无词义也不能单独使用，它用在名词前帮助指明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。
不定冠词：a dg一只狗；an ant一只蚂蚁
定冠词：the dg这只狗；the ant这只蚂蚁
1.不定冠词
不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意义，但不强调数目观念，只表示某类人或物中不确定的一个。
This is a pster f an actin mvie.（这是一张动作电影的海报。）
Beijing is a beautiful city.（北京是一座美丽的城市。）
1.不定冠词的形式
A.不定冠词有a[ə]和an[ən]两种形式。a用于以辅音（不是辅音字母）开头的单词前，an用于以元音（不是元音字母）开头的单词前。
B.形容词修饰名词时，不定冠词要放在形容词前，用a或an取决于形容词的读音。
2.不定冠词的用法
（1）用在可数名词的单数形式前面
A.表示一类事物或人中的任意一个。
There is an island ver there.（那儿有一个岛。）
Be sure t bring me a dictinary.（一定要给我带一本字典来。）
He wrks six days a week.（他一周工作六天。）
I fund a small girl crying in the crner.（我发现一个小女孩在拐角处哭。）
补充：a/an表示“一”
a/an用在hundred，thusand，millin等词前，具有ne的意思，一般译成“一”。
B.表示一类事物或人，a/an在此处不必翻译。
An ear is an rgan fr listening.（耳朵是听觉器官。）
A tiger is a wild animal.（老虎是一种野生动物。）
说明：a表示“一类”
a在这里只表示某一类，实际上它的意义和“Tigers are wild animals.”一样。
A pig has a thin tail.（猪有条细尾巴。）
An wl can see in the dark.（猫头鹰能在黑暗中看见东西。）
（2）用在专有名词前面
不定冠词用在专有名词前面，表示“一个”“一种”“一类”或“一个类似……的”。
There was a Mr. White living in that ld huse last year.
（去年有个怀特先生住在那个老房子里。）
That city is a Venice in China.（那个城市是中国的威尼斯。）
必背：含有a的词组
2.定冠词
定冠词表示特定的一个或一类人、事物，表示“这”“那”“这些”“那些”的意思，在可数名词的单、复数及不可数名词前都可以使用。
This is the watch I brrwed yesterday.（这就是我昨天借的那只手表。）
The peple I met there were very friendly.（我在那里遇到的人很友善。）
1.定冠词的发音
定冠词the只有一种书写形式，但发音有两种，它在辅音（不是辅音字母）开头的词前弱读为[ðə]，在元音开头的词前重读为[ði]。
the situatin弱读[ðəˌsɪtjʊˈeɪʃn]（这种形势）
the big nin弱读[ðəbigˈʌnjən]（这个大个的洋葱）
the Americans重读[ðiəˈmerɪkənz]（这些美国人）
the ld peple重读[ðiəʊldˈpiːpl]（这些老年人）
2.定冠词的基本用法
（1）用在带有定语的名词前面
定冠词用在带有定语的名词前面，特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。
The students in that rm（定语）are all frm America.（那间屋子里的学生都来自于美国。）
Shw me the pht f yur family（定语）.（给我看看你家人的照片。）
（2）用在重新提到的人或事物前面
I met a lvely girl at the gate.Lk,this is the girl cming.
（我在门口遇到一个可爱的女孩。看，就是正走过来的这个女孩。）
Cut up a tmat,and put the tmat n the bread.
（将一个西红柿切碎，再将切碎的西红柿放在面包上。）
说明：the在这里特指前面提到的那个西红柿。
（3）用在谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面
Please fill in the frm and sign it.（请填写表格并签字。）
Oh,yu mean the bys.Open the windw and yu can see them.
（哦，你指的是那些男孩子们，打开那扇窗户，你就能看见他们了。）
（4）用在单数可数名词前面
定冠词用在单数可数名词的前面，表示某一类人或事物。这种用法和不定冠词的用法相似。
（请参见本章不定冠词部分的举例）
The tiger is a wild animal.（老虎是一种野生动物。）
说明：表示某一类人或事物时，可以用以下三种方法：
The dg is a useful animal.（dg前用定冠词）
→A dg is a useful animal.（dg前用不定冠词）
→Dgs are useful animals.（dg本身用复数）
狗是（一种）有用的动物。
3.定冠词的特殊用法
（1）用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前面
We have friends all ver the wrld.（我们的朋友遍天下。）
I live t the west f the Summer Palace.（我住在颐和园的西边。）
（2）用在序数词、形容词最高级及nly所修饰的名词前面
It’s the secnd（序数词）cuntry they will visit in Asia.
（这是他们在亚洲要访问的第二个国家。）
Autumn is the best（形容词最高级）seasn in Beijing.
（秋天是北京最好的季节。）
He is the nly student（nly修饰名词）wh didn’t pass the exam.
（他是惟一一个没通过考试的学生。）
（3）用在江河、湖海、山脉、岛屿等地理专有名词前面
The Yangtze River is lnger than the Yellw River.（长江比黄河长。）
（4）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前面
（5）用在姓氏的复数形式前面
定冠词用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。
The Taylrs were having dinner when I came in.
（当我进来时，泰勒全家人/泰勒夫妇正在吃饭。）
说明：the Taylrs的两种译法
the Taylrs可译为泰勒全家，也可译为泰勒夫妇。
Dn’t frget t invite the Greens.（别忘了邀请格林夫妇。）
（6）用在乐器名词前面
He can play the vilin well,but he can’t play the pian.
（他拉小提琴拉得很好，可他不会弹钢琴。）
（7）和某些形容词连用
定冠词和某些形容词连用，表示某一类人或事物。
The pr are against the plan,but the rich are fr it.
（穷人们反对这个计划，而富人们赞成。）
注意：在这种情况下，谓语动词需用复数形式。
She devted her life t helping the pr.（她毕生都在帮助穷人。）
必背：含有the的词组及句型
句型：What’s the matter ’s wrng （……怎么了？）
What’s the matter with yu?=What’s wrng with yu?（你怎么了？）
句型：the+比较级……，the+比较级……（越……越……）
The sner,the better.（越快越好。）
The mre yu eat,the fatter yu get.（你吃得越多就越胖。）
3.不用冠词的情况
（1）专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词前不用冠词
这些词包括人名、地名、节日、月份、国名等。
专有名词：
物质名词：
Paper is made frm bamb.（纸是竹子做的。）
A fish can’t live withut water.（鱼儿离不开水。）
抽象名词：
We lve peace.（我们热爱和平。）
Dn’t give up hpe.（不要放弃希望。）
（2）表示一类人或事物的复数名词前不用冠词
We are all students.（我们都是学生。）
I like seeing films.（我喜欢看电影。）
（3）有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰的名词前不用冠词
（⚪）a/the schlbag
（⚪）
（⚪）this/that schlbag
（⚪）these/thse schlbags
（⚪）bth/all/(a) few schlbags
（×）a/the his schlbag
（×）a/the that schlbag
（×）the bth/all schlbags
（⚪）Mike’s schl is ver there.（迈克的学校就在那边。）
（×）The Mike’s schl is ver there.
说明：限定词不能连用
冠词对名词起限定作用，因此，又称冠词为限定词。
my，this等也是限定词中的一种。在英语中，不能把两个限定词并连起来使用。
（4）表示特别含义的名词前不用冠词
在表示三餐、球类、棋类、游戏、季节、月份、星期、语言、学科的名词前一般不用冠词。
He usually has (his) supper at hme.（通常他都在家里吃晚饭。）
Neither vlleyball nr basketball is a hundred years ld.
（排球和篮球都没有一百年的历史。）
We like eating watermelns in summer.（夏天我们喜欢吃西瓜。）
Little Tm ges t schl in September.He likes all subjects except chemistry.
（小汤姆九月份去上学了，除了化学之外，他喜欢所有的学科。）
重要：民间节日前用定冠词
在民间节日前，即以festival组成的节日名称前要加定冠词the。
the Spring Festival春节；the Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节
（5）家庭成员的名称、称呼语或只有一个人担任的职务名词前不用冠词
If yu prmise me,I’ll make yu King.（如果你答应我，我会让你当上国王。）
Father is n business in Shanghai.（爸爸在上海出差。）
补充：家庭成员名称的表示
这时，家庭成员的名称即使不在句首，其首字母也要大写。
如果有必要，可以在家庭成员的名称前加my，ur等物主代词。
Sir,please shw me anther ne.（先生，请给我看看另外一个。）
（6）与by连用的交通工具名称前不用冠词
（7）两个相同或相对的名词构成的平行结构前不用冠词
两个关系密切、经常成对使用的单数可数名词，或者用介词或连词连结成的平行结构，其前面的冠词经常省略。
The wrkers built the bridge day and night.（工人们日夜不停地修建桥梁。）
I want pen and ink.（我需要笔墨。）
（8）在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同
A.schl，church，market，bed等为表示“处所”的名词，当它们只是指与这些“处所”的用途或功能有关的活动，而不是指具体地点时，其前面通常不加冠词。
B.当指明地点，或是为其他目的去这些处所时，它们前面就要加上冠词。
必背：不带冠词的词组
Cmmn Mistakes（注意！失分陷阱！）
陷阱例题①
A:D yu play __________ pian in yur free time?
B:N,I like sprts.I ften play __________ sccer with my friends.【福州中考】
句意提示：A：你业余时间弹钢琴吗？
B：不，我喜欢体育运动。我常和我的朋友们一起踢足球。
陷阱追击：本题考查定冠词的用法和不用冠词的情况。乐器和球类运动等名词前是否用冠词、用定冠词还是不定冠词，是最容易误用的地方。
正确解析：乐器名词前要用定冠词the，球类名词前不用冠词。正确答案为B。
陷阱例题②
Mary has a bad cld.She has t stay in __________ bed.【长沙中考】
句意提示：玛丽得了重感冒。她不得不卧床休息。
陷阱追击：本题考查不用冠词的情况。受题干中前一句子的影响，容易误选A或C。
正确解析：stay in bed是固定短语，不用冠词，表示“呆在床上休息”。正确答案为B。
陷阱例题③
What __________ useful bk!And __________ bk is ppular with students.【达州中考】
句意提示：多么有用的一本书啊！这本书很受学生们的欢迎。
陷阱追击：不定冠词a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，而an用于以元音音素开头的单词前，本题第一个空容易误选。
正确解析：useful是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用a；第二个空考查第二次提到的事物用定冠词the。正确答案为D。
陷阱例题④
I usually have an egg,sme bread and __________ cup f milk fr __________ breakfast.
【成都中考】
句意提示：早餐我通常吃一个鸡蛋、一些面包，然后再喝一杯牛奶。
陷阱追击：在表示三餐、季节、星期、语言、学科、游戏和棋类等名词前一般不用冠词。本题第二个空容易误选A或B。
正确解析：不定冠词a在固定短语a cup f milk中表示数量“一”。正确答案为C。
Final Check（实力测验）
1.用适当的冠词（a/an，the）填空，不需要填冠词时用“/”来表示
1.I cme t __________ schl by __________ bus.
2.This mrning __________ bus was late.
3.I went t __________ restaurant last night.
4.I went t __________ bed late.
5.A:Where are my shes? B:On __________ flr f __________ kitchen.
6.Beijing is __________ capital f China.
7.What’s __________ name f __________ theatre we went t last night?
8.What time des yur plane arrive?I’ll cme t __________ airprt t meet yu.
9.When yu cme t bed,can yu put __________ cat ut and turn ff __________ lights?
10.Last night we had __________ dinner in __________ restaurant.
11.A:Hw much are the driving lessns? B:Fifteen punds __________ hur.
12.We arrived in __________ Paris n __________ third f August.
13.Jane and Bill are __________ very nice cuple.Jane has __________ clthes shp,and Bill wrks in __________ ffice in __________ centre f twn.
14.Leave early if yu want t miss __________ rush hur.
15.My friend lives in __________ same street as I.
16.My sister is __________ teacher in __________ schl near Tianjin.She has three children,tw girls and __________ by.__________ girls are in her class at schl,but __________ by isn’t ld enugh fr schl yet.
17.A:Where are they? B:They’re in __________ garden.
18.We had __________ lvely hliday in Spain.We’re ging back there __________ next year.
19.My favurite subject is __________ histry,but I’m nt very gd at __________ maths.
20.I wrk fr __________ cmpany that makes __________ carpets.
21.I was at __________ hme all __________ day yesterday.
2.用适当的冠词填写下列短文
（一）L:lady G:guest
L:Wuld yu like (1)__________ apple?
G:Oh,yes please!I lve (2)__________ apples.
L:Well,there’s (3)__________ big ne and sme small nes.
G:Oh,I’ll have (4)__________ small ne,please.
L:Are yu sure yu wn’t have (5)__________ big ne?
G:Yes,thanks!What (6)__________ tasty apple!
L:Gd.And I’ll have (7)__________ big ne myself.
（二）
As (1)__________ writer,I seem t spend (2)__________ mst f (3)__________ time wrking at (4)__________ hme,nt in (5)__________ ffice,sitting in (6)__________ frnt f (7)__________ typewriter.In (8)__________ fact,(9)__________ nly peple I see regularly are (10)__________ members f my family and it is difficult t keep in (11)__________ tuch with (12)__________ friends I made at (13)__________ schl.I’m always getting (14)__________ letters and (15)__________ phne calls frm (16)__________ peple at (17)__________ publisher’s,thugh,and I d try t g ut f (18)__________ huse at (19)__________ least nce (20)__________ day.
3.选择填空
1.I ften have __________ egg and sme bread fr breakfast.
2.She is __________ English girl and we are __________ Chinese bys.
3.There is a desk in his bedrm.On __________ desk there is __________ pencil-bx.
4.Yesterday I went t __________ schl n __________ ft.
5.Harry Ptter III is __________ interesting stry and we all like it.
6.My sister desn’t like playing __________ pian,but I like it very much.
7.A:Mum,where is my MP4? B:It’s in __________ white bag n yur desk.
8.A:Hw abut __________ pht shw? B:I shuld say it was __________ success.
9.Let’s g t __________ beach—that’ll take yur mind ff the prblem fr __________ while.
10.I just have __________ cup f milk fr __________ supper.
【课后作业】
Chse the best answer .
( )1.______Great Wall is ______lngest wall in the wrld .
The, the B. A, a C. A , the D. The , a
( ) 2.Wh’s ______wman ver there ?
/ B. the C.a D.an
( )3.Shanghai is in ______east f China .
B.an C. a D.the
( )4.I can see a little white sheep in the field . ______sheep is Nancy’s .
A. A B.The C.An D. /
( )5. ______ld lady in brwn is ______university prfessr .
A. An , a B. A, / C. The , an D.The , a
( )6. Did yu enter fr ______hit jump 4 ______400-meter race .
A.a, a B. a , the C. the, a D.the, the
( )7.Mre cllege graduates wuld like t wrk in ______best part f ur cuntry ______next year .
A.the, the B./, the C./,/ D.the , /
( )8. The scientist frm ______Unites States live in ______Ninth Street .
A. the, the B. /, the C. /,/ D.the, /
( )9.There is ______reprt in tday’s newspapers . It’s abut the Internatinal Film Festival , Shanghai .
A. a B. an C. the D./
( )10.The ld lady teaches children t play ______pian at a weekend schl .
A.a B. an C. the D./
( )11. They will have ______meeting in ______that rm .
A.the, the B.a,/ C./,a D./,/
( )12. My grandpa used t have ______walk in the garden after ______supper .
A.a, a B. /,aC. a, / D./,/
( )13.There is ______“h”in the wrld “hnest”.
A. aB.an C.the D./
( )14.Which cean is larger , ______Pacific r ______ Atlantic ?
A.the ,the B. a, a C. /,/ D.the，/
( )15. ______yung are willing t serve ______ld .
A. The, the B./,/ C. A, the D.A, an
( )16. ______ Whites are watching TV after supper .
A. / B. The C. A D.An
( )17. ______Yellw River is______ lngest river in ur cuntry .
A. The , / B./, the C. /,/ D.The , the
( )18.This is a stry abut ______ne-eyed captain .
A. a B.an C. the D./
( )19. Where is Jenny ? She has gne t ______cinema .
A. a B. anC. theD./
( ) 20.I’d like t send the parcel by ______ship .
A. a B. anC. theD./
1. Marc Pl and his father traveled by .
A. a ship B. ships C. ship D. the ship
2. Each year, fishes are killed by the plluted water and many peple are made sick by the plluted air.
A. millins f B. millin f C. tw millins f D. tw millins

3. bk is very useful. I bught it frm unknwn little twn.
A.A;a B.The;a C.A; an D. The; an

4. The pst ffice is in______Seventh Street.
A. the B./ C.a D.an

5.He became a super star_________.
A. In his thirty B. In his thirties C. At his thirty D. At his thirties

6.Have yu seen pen? I left it here this mrning.
Is it black ne? I think I saw it smewhere.
a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. a, a

7.I gt a beautiful bike n ______birthday. I like it very much.
A.Fifteenth B.Fifteen C.My fifteen D.My fifteenth

8.Nw, everybdy, please turn t Page.________and lk at the picture
A. Fifth; five B.Five; fifth C. Fifth; fifth D.Five;five

9.I think_________f the materials I listened t at the very beginning f the exam easy.
A. One furths; is B. First fur; are C. One furth; are D. First furth; are

10. Abut_________f the wrkers in the factry were brn in the_________.
A.Tw-thirds; 1970 B. Tw-thirds; 1970s C. Tw-third; 1970 D. Tw-third; 1970s

11. Tm .has just finished writing a article.
A. nine-hundred-wrds B. nine-hundreds-wrd
C. nine-hundred-wrd D. nine-hundreds-wrds

12. We have knwn each ther fr .
A. a year and half B. a year with half C. a year and a half D. a year with a half

13 . f the wrld's bks and newspapers are written in English.
A.Three quarters B. Three quarter C Thirds fur D. Threes furth

peple in the wrld are sending infrmatin by E-mail ever day.
Many millins B. Several millin C. Several millins D. Many millins f

15. Abut f the surface f the earth cvered with water.
A.three quarter, is B. three quarters, has C. three quarters, is D. three quarter, are
16. There are in this building, I live n .
A. nine flrs ,the ninth flr B. nine flr, the ninth flr
C. nine flr, nine flrs D.ninth flr,the ninth flr

17.The water behind the Three Grges Dams(三峡大坝) shuld be higher than dwnstream.
A. sixty-five meter B.sixty-fifth meter C. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth

18. There are mre than dctrs and nurses wrking hard in that hspital.
A. thusands f B. tw thusand C. tw thusands D. tw thusands f

19. T many freigners, Guangzhu has becme their hme twn.
A.Tw B. secnd C. the secnd D. a secnd

the sldiers and dctrs went t Ya'an t help the peple there tw mnth ag.
A.Thusands f B. Tw thusand C. Thusand f D. Tw thusand f

21.Henry is tallest in their class.
A.Three B. the three C. third D.the third

22. The number f the girls in ur schl abut six .
A. are; hundreds B. is; hundreds
C. are; hundred D. is; hundred

23. Britain is Eurpean cuntry and China is___Asian cuntry.
A. an,an B. a, a C.a,an D. an,a

24.It tk me hur and half t finish wrk.
A.a，a，a B.an，a，a C. an, a, the D. an, a， /
25.Xi'an is ld city with lng histry, isn't it?
A. a, an B.an, a C. the, the D. the, a

26:There's "u" and ____"s" in______wrd "use".
an, a, the B. a, an, / C. a, a, a D. a, an, the

27. She is_____ newcmer t chemistry but she has already made sme imprtant discveries.
A. the, the B.the,不填 C.a，不填 D.a,the

28. A little by,wrte____ "U" and "n" n the wall.
A. a; an B. an; a C. an; an. D. a;.a

29. Mary has___high fever and she has t be in___hspital.
A. a; / B. a; the . C. /; / D. the; the

30. _____ld lady in brwn is____university prfessr.
A.An;a B.An;/ C. The;an D.The;a

31. We always have._____rice fr______lunch.
A./,/ B.the,/ C./,a D.the, the

dctr tld me t take medicine three time day，stay in
bed，then I wuld be better sn.
A./,a,a,the B.A,the,the,/ C.The,the,a,/ D.A,/,a,/

33. Tm and Lucy are f ____same age.
A. the B. a C. an D. /

34. January is first mnth f the year.
A. a B./ C.an D.the

35. Shut dr, please.
A.a B.an C.the D./

36. Einstein wn ____Nbel Prize in Physics in 1921.
A.a B.an C.the D. /

37.I like music, but I dn't like ___music f that TV play.
A. a B.an C.the D./

38. We ften have sprts after class, and I like t play_____ basketball.
A. a B.an C.the D./

39. Mre cllege graduates wuld like t wrk in west part f ur cuntry next year.
A. the, the B./,/ C./,the D.the,/

40.At that time Tm was_______ne-year-ld baby
A.a B.an C.the D. /

41. Great Wall is lngest wall in the wrld
A. A; a B. The; the C. A; the D. The; a

42.We ften take part in after class activities(活动) ，I like t play________basketball,but my
brther likes t play guitar.
A.a;the B.the;the C./,/ D.不填,the

43. My best friend Neil, is _______hnest by. Yu can believe him.
A. a B.an C.the D./

44. wunded________been sent t the hspital.
A.The,has B. The,have C./,has D./,have

45. The children dream f ging t cllege ne day.
A.a B.the C./ D.

46. Father went t schl t see Mr. Chen.
A. a B.the C./ D.

47. We can see sun and mn in picture.
A.a; the; the B.the; a; the C. a; the; a D. the; the; the

48. mnkey can climb trees.
A.the B.A;/ C.The;a D./;/

We ften play ftball in f the schl building.
a frnt B. frnts C. frnt D. the frnt

50.There is a map n left f the picture.
A. the B. / C. a D. an

51.The students f ur schl climbed West Muntains.
A.the B.this C.that D./

52. The ship is sailing n Pacific Ocean
A.a B.the C. / D.that

初中语法讲义
冠词
年 月 日
a Eurpean cuntry
a university
（注意：注意辨识是否元音：两词首字母e和u是元音字母，但音标是[j]和[ju]，它们不是元音，而是辅音。）
a by
an island
an elephant
an nin
an hnur
an hur（注意：注意h不发音：h是辅音字母，但它不发音。hur开头的音标是[au]，是元音。）
an umbrella（u读[ʌ]，是元音，前面也要用an）
a bike→an ld bike一辆旧自行车
an island→a large island一个巨大的岛
a by→an hnest by一个诚实的男孩
an elephant→a white elephant一头白象
have a wrd with sb.和某人谈话
have a drink喝点什么
have a bath/a shwer洗澡，淋浴
have a swim游泳
have a lk (at)看一看
have a talk谈话
have a fever发烧
have/take a walk散步
have a gd time过得愉快
have a nice trip旅途愉快
give a lessn授课
have a rest休息一下
in a/ne wrd总之（一句话）
many a time许多次
the east东方
the west西方
the suth南方
the nrth北方
the left左边
the right右边
the wrld世界
the universe宇宙
the earth地球
the Mars火星
the mn月亮
the sun太阳
the River Seine塞纳河
the Yangtze River长江
the Nrth China Plain华北平原
the Yellw River黄河
the Great Wall长城
the United Natins/the UN联合国
the Peple’s Republic f China中华人民共和国（注意：专有名词前不用冠词：一般情况下，专有名词前不用冠词，所以China之前不用冠词。）
play the flute吹笛子
play the vilin拉小提琴
play the guitar弹吉他
play the pian弹钢琴
the rich富人
the deaf聋人
the yung年轻人
the pr穷人
the blind盲人
the ld老人
in the daytime在白天
at/in the beginning开始
in the middle f...在……中间
in the end最后，终于
by the way顺便说一下
the same as...同……一样
in/at the frnt f...在某物的前部
n the right/left在右边/左边
the day befre yesterday前天
the day after tmrrw后天
in the mrning/afternn/evening在上午/下午/晚上
n the night f March 12th在3月12日的夜晚
Tm汤姆
Hyde Park海德公园
China中国
Shanghai上海
New Year’s Day新年
May五月
Tian’anmen Square天安门广场
by car乘汽车
by taxi乘出租车
by bike骑自行车
by mail邮寄
by land由陆路
by sea由水路
day and night日夜
frm head t ft从头到脚
heart and sul全心全意地
frm right t left从右到左
man and by从小到大
face t face面对面
father and sn父子
arm in arm臂挽着臂
husband and wife夫妻
day after day日复一日
pen and ink笔墨
inch by inch一点点地
knife and frk刀叉
side by side肩并肩
g t schl (t study)去上学
g t market (t buy r sell)去市场
g t bed (t sleep)就寝
g t church (t pray)去做礼拜
g t the bed到床跟前去
g t the church去教堂
g t hspital去医院看病
g t prisn进监狱（成为犯人）
g t church做礼拜
g t market去市场（买东西）
g t cllege上大学（读书）
catch fire着火
by bus/train/plane/air,sea/water乘公共汽车/火车/飞机/轮船
by bike骑自行车
n ft步行
A./;the
B.the;/
C.the;the
D.a;a
A.a
B./
C.the
A.a;a
B.an;a
C.the;the
D.a;the
A.a;a
B.the;the
C.a;/
A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
A.a;a
B.an;/
C.a;the
D.an;the
A.a;the
B.the;the
C.the;a
D.a;a
A.the;the
B./;/
C.a;/
D.the;/
A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
A.the;a
B.the;/
C.a;a
D.a;/
A.the;the
B.the;a
C.a;the
D.a;a
A.a;a
B.the;the
C.a;/
D.the;/