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牛津译林版（江苏地区）8B U5知识点整理
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这是一份牛津译林版（江苏地区）8B U5知识点整理，共16页。
8B Unit5 Good manners单元知识点汇总Comic-Reading 单词短语讲解知识梳理1：Second, don’t cut in on others. (P64)第二，不要打断其他人。cut in (on sb./sth.) 打断（谈话），插嘴，知识拓展cut down砍倒；减少, 削减cut off切断，割断，剪断cut out切去,切除；剪下2：Always wait politely. (P64)总是礼貌地等候。polite adj. 有礼貌的 impolite adj. 没有礼貌的 politely adv. 没有礼貌地be polite to sb. 对…有礼貌 be rude to sb. 对…粗鲁3：leave the tap running (P65)水龙头一直在流leave vt.(1)使…处于某种状态，the tap做宾语，现在分词running是宾语补足语。“leave sth. +宾语补足语”结构中，可用形容词、副词、现在分词或过去分词等作宾语补足语。①现在分词作宾语补足语，如：What he said left me thinking deeply.②形容词作宾语补足语，如： His illness left him weak. (2)离开; 脱离 leave…for…离开…前往… 如：I’ll leave Nanjing for Beijing tomorrow.(3)遗忘; 丢下 leave sth.+地点 如：I left the book at home.注意：forget sth. 表示忘记某物，不强调地点，但在“leave sth.+地点”结构中强调地点。拓展①过去分词作宾语补足语，如：The moving story left him unmoved.②副词作宾语补足语，如：What has left him away for so long?③介词作宾语补足语，如：This matter left her without a way of hope.4：queue for your turn(P65)排队等待(1) queue v. 意为“排队等候”如：We should queue up at the ticket office.(2 )turnn. 顺序, 轮流 It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事,take one's turn to do sth. = do sth. in turn =do sth. by turns轮流做某事，vt.旋转turn down 关小 turn up 开大 / 出现 turn on 打开 turn off 关(水源、 煤气、 电灯等)turn in 上交 linking-V. 变得turn green / yellow 变绿/黄了5：I’m afraid not.(P65)我恐怕不是。（1）I’m afraid意为“恐怕”，主要用于礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事。（2）表示“害怕做某事”或“不敢做某事”，be afraid 之后可接不定式，也可接of doing sth。拓展但若要表示担心可能会发生某事，则只能用 be afraid of doing而不能用 be afraid to do。6：Always keep the library clean.(P65)让图书馆总是保持清洁。keep vt.意为“使……处于某种状态；保持”，常用于keep+宾语+宾语补足语。 (1) keep+宾语+形容词/副词。Keep the door open. (2)keep+宾语+现在分词。如： Don’t keep your mother waiting. (3)keep+宾语+介词短语。如： They must keep their hands behind their backs. linking-V. 后常接形容词作表语，意为“保持；继续(处于某种状态)”。 7：We should put them back after reading.(P65)我们应该在读完书后把它们放回去。after①prep.后接名词、代词或动名词He ran after the bus. 追赶I like going for a walk after having dinner. ②conj.后接句子I saw them after I arrived.后来拓展before的用法与after相同。Before watching TV, I have finished homework.Before I could get there，the film has been on for ten minutes. 8：What’s the proper way togreet people there, Jenny? (P66)简妮，问候那里的人合适的方法是什么？(1)动词不定式to greet people there 作后置定语，修饰the proper way。如：I have a lot of homework to do.(2)the way to do sth. /of doing sth.做某事的方式或方法，如：It’s the best way of studying / to study English.知识拓展in a way在一定程度上，从某方面说on the way在路上by the way顺便说，顺便问in the way有时也可说成in sb's way挡路，碍事 (3)greet sb欢迎某人greet sb. with sth.用…问候某人greetings名词，问候 9：British people say “hello” or “nice to meet you” and shake your hand when they meet you for the first time.(P66)英国人在他们第一次遇见你时说“你好”或“很高兴认识你”并和你握手。(1)shake 过去式shook；过去分词shaken；现在分词shaking常用短语：shake one’s hands握某人的手；shake hands with sb.与某人握手wave one’s hands挥某人的手；wave to sb.向某人挥手(2) hand vt.常用短语：hand in 上交，交上去(给老师或上级)hand out 散发，分发hand sb sth / hand sth to sb 把某物递给某人10：British people only greet relatives or close friends with a kiss.(P66) 英国人只用亲吻来问候亲戚或亲密的朋友。close①vt/vi.关闭;盖上;合上，反义词为open。如：She closed the door softly.②adj.近的,接近的(+to) 。如：His house is close to the factory.(关系)密切的,亲密的。如：She is a close friend of theirs.③adv. 接近,靠近地(+to)如：They live close to the museum.紧密地,紧紧地。 如：Anna followed close behind.拓展closed adj. 关闭的，反义词为open。如：He likes sleeping with the window closed.11：But please avoid subjects like age, weight, music, books or something else. (P66) 但是请避免像年龄、体重、音乐、书籍或是其他的话题。avoid vt.后接名词或动名词做宾语，意为避免做某事。如：We should do everything carefully to avoid making mistakes. 12：Do people there behave politely in public?(P66)那里的人会在公共场合举止文明吗？(1)behave vt/vi.表现 名词形式 behavior 表现；行为，举止 (2)public n.民众，群体；adj.公共的，公开的。如：The public like watching films like this.in public公开地，在别人面前。如：Don’t speak loudly in public.13：They think it’s rude to push in before others.(P66)他们认为在其他人面前插话是很粗鲁的。(1)rude adj.粗鲁的；名词rudeness; 反义词polite 常用短语：be rude to 对…粗鲁，(2)push v.推，反义词为pull，v.拉常用短语：push in,插队，加塞；插嘴 push on继续前进 pull up 拔，拔起14：Also, if they bump into someone in the street, they’ll say “sorry”.(P67)同样，如果他们在街上装上某人，他们会说“对不起”。bump into 撞上，碰上知识拓展fall into落入，陷入 run into撞上，碰上break into破门而入，非法进入 turn…into把…变成…15：They’ll say “excuse me” and be polite enough to wait till you move. (P67)他们将会说“打扰”并很礼貌地等你直到你移动为止。在肯定句中，till一般可以与until互换，但在否定句中一般用until，构成not…until…的结构，意为“直到…才…”如：She will wait here till/until 10.注意：主句为一般将来时，till/until引导的从句用一般现在时代替将来时。如：The bus will not go till/until all the people get on it.拓展until用于肯定句作“直到……为止”解时，主句的动词一般是延续到till/until所表示的时间为止。如：He waits till/until the children are asleep.用于否定句作“在……以前”、“直到才”解时，主句的动词一般是非延续性的，它所表示的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生。如：He didn't come until late in the morning.16：British people are very polite at home as well, aren’t they?(P67)英国人在家也很礼貌，不是吗?too; also; either; as well; as well as辨析（1）too 是个常用词，多用于口语，语气较随便。一般用在肯定句中，放在句末。如：I'm in Row 1，too． （2）also 是比较正式的用语，语气较庄重。它经常放在句中，位于行为动词之前；位于系动词,助动词或情态动词之后。如：Mrs. Green can also sing the song in Chinese．（3）either 表示“也”时一般只用于否定句，且只置于句末。如：I don't know him．Tom doesn't know him，either．（4）as well 常用于口语，用法和 too一样，通常位于句末，它前面通常不用逗号。如：She is a teacher and a singer as well． （5）as well as①常用来连接两个并列的成分, 作“也, 还”解。它强调的是前一项, 后一项只是顺便提及。因此连接并列主语时, 谓语动词与前一项一致；而用not only ...but also...连接时, 谓语动词与后一项一致。如： Your wife as well as you is friendly to me. （＝Not only you but also your wife is friendly to me. ） ② 用来表示同级比较, 指“一样好”。如： He plays the guitar as well as you. 17：She did not join the discussion.(P71)她没有加入讨论。discussion n.讨论 动词形式 discuss 常用短语：discuss with sb. 与某人讨论；discuss about sth. 讨论某事。语法知识点讲解知识梳理1：be+adj.+enough+to do sth.表示“（某人、某物）足够做某事”例如：I’m tall enough to reach the top of the tree.【拓展句型】be+adj.+enough+for sb.+to do sth.表示对某人来说“（某人、某物）足够做某事”2：too...to...结构和用法(1). too... to...表示“太……而不能……”。too 的后面接形容词或副词的原级，to 的后面接动词原形。too... to...句型是简单句。如：He is too young to join the army.(2). too... to... 结构表达肯定的意义①. too 前面含有表示否定意义的词，如: not, never, nothing等时，too... to... 结构不表示否定的意义。如：It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。(要学永远都不迟。)②. too后接表示感情的形容词，如glad, pleased, happy, sad等时，too... to...句型不再表示否定意义，而表示的是肯定意义。例如：He is too sad to hear the bad news.（3）too... to... 结构与enough...to... 结构的相互转换将too...to...结构转换为enough... to... 结构时，要注意：①.enough 前的形容词或副词应是too前面形容词或副词的反义词；②. enough... to... 句式须用否定式；如：She is too young to do the work. = She isn't old enough to do the work. Integrated skills知识点讲解知识梳理1：Help explain things and give us useful information. (P72)帮助解释事情并给我们有用的信息。explain vt./vi. 及物动词的用法为 explain to sb. sth. 或 explain sth. to sb. 即不能直接跟双宾语，在表人的间接宾语前，后需加介词 to。如：He explained to me the difficult maths problem.= He explained the difficult maths problem to me.2：keep us from danger (P72)使我们远离危险keep sb./sth away from sth.阻止某人/某物前去或接近keep/stop/prevent sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事3：warn us against something (P72)提醒我们地方某些可能发生的事情warn vt. 警告，提醒warn用法如下：①warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人（不要）干某事。②warn sb. that+从句③warn sb. of/about sth.提醒、警告某人注意某事。warning n.警告，提醒。4：Sorry, I didn’t notice that sign just now. (P73)对不起，我刚刚没有注意到那个标志。notice vt. 意为"注意到,留心,看到"。常用于notice sb. do sth.; notice sb. doing sth.结构中。notice n. 意为"布告,公告,启事",是可数名词。作名词常用的词组有：①take notice of sb./sth.意为"注意某人/某物"。②take no notice of sb./sth.意为"不理会某人/某物"。5：Everybody will be lucky or successfulsometime in their life. (P74)每个人都将会在他们的一生中走运或是成功。(1)successful adj. 成功的 successfully adv. 成功地 success n. 成功。succeed vi.成功；常用短语：be successful at sth. =do sth. successfully= succeed in sth./ doing sth.(2)sometime adv.在某时sometimes/ some times/ sometime/ some time辨析6：Risk losing everything all at one time.(P74)曾经冒险做失去一切的风险。risk vt.冒…的危险; 使…冒风险（或面临危险）; 常用短语：risk sth /doing sth 冒…什么危险/冒险做某事risk n.危险，冒险; 常用短语：at risk 在危险中 at the risk of 冒...之险; 不顾...之风险 run/take the risk of doing sth. 冒险做某事。7: a friend in need is a friend indeed(P75) 患难见真情need n.in need需要 in need of 需要….in great need 急需 in great need of... 急需...v.一)作情态动词①need作情态动词无人称或数的变化， 后接动词原形，多用于否定句和疑问句中。如：You needn't worry.②由need引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用must或have to;否定答语常用needn't. 如：—Need I answer the question? —Yes, you must. /Yes, you have to. —/No, you needn't.③由must引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must,否定答语用needn't或don't have to。如：—Must I do the work now? —Yes, you must /have to. —No, you needn't /don't have to.二）作行为动词need 作为行为动词有人称和数的变化， 后面可接名词、代词、动名词及带to 的动词不定式；可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句中，如：She needs help. 8：Just as the saying goes. (P75)正如谚语所说。(1) as用法小结1）作连词，引导方式状语从句，意为“像；按照”。如：You must do everything as I asked you to.2）作介词，表示“作为； 当作”。如：As a party member, I must be strict with myself． 3）作连词，引导时间状语从句。意为“当……的时候”。 如：She sings as she walks． 4）用于一些固定搭配。如：① as ．．． as．．． 与……相同的程度； 与……等同②as well as 同（一样也）；和；还 。如：③ such．．．as 像……这样的；such as 例如。（2）saying谚语常见的谚语有：Do as Romans do in Rome. 入乡随俗。A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。No pains, no gains.不劳无获。Burn the candles at both ends.操劳过度。The early bird catches the worm.早起的鸟儿有虫吃。It never rains but it pours. 不雨则已，一雨倾盆。It rains cats and dogs. 大雨磅礴。Many hands make light work.众人拾柴火焰高。Every dog has its day.人人都有得意日。Put all your eggs in one basket.孤注一掷。The grass is always greener than the other side.这山看着那山高。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。Action speaks louder than words.行动胜过语言。East or west, home is the best.金窝银窝不如自家草窝。Like and like make good friends. 趣味相投。It's never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。9：Otherwise, you will become tired out. (P75)否则，你将会筋疲力尽。tired adj. 累的，疲倦的（指人）；tiring adj. 令人累的，令人疲倦的（指物）。常用短语：be tired of 对...感到厌倦; be tired with 因...而疲劳。如：I am tired of living aboard.10：conclusion (P76)结论conclusion n.结论; 结局; 断定，决定; 推论; 复数：conclusions11：The purpose of the talk is to teach students rules for eating.(P77) 讲座的目的是教学生吃饭的规矩。此处的to teach放在is的后面，做表语。动词不定式还可以放在名词的后面做后置定语。如：I have a lot of homework to do.12：Above all, when you are sitting at the table, you should not start eating until everyone is ready. (P77)最重要的是，当你做在饭桌旁，你不应该开饭直到每个人都准备好。above all最重要的是，如：Above all, it needs a wise decision.at the table 在桌子旁at table在吃饭； in class在上课； in the class在班级中go to bed上床睡觉; go to the bed到床那边去13：These rules are important because we should make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table. (P77) 这些规矩很重要，因为我们应该确保客人和主人在桌子旁都很舒服。make sure用法make sure表示“弄确实；核实；查证”。make sure常用于祈使句，后面常接that宾语从句或of介词短语。be sure的用法对be sure的用法常感困惑不解，现将其主要用法归纳如下。1) be sure＋of／about 动名词或名词，意为“确信……”；“对……有把握”。但在接名词时，be sure of侧重指主语对某抽象事物的确信无疑；而be sure about则侧重指主语对某具体事物的确信无疑。例如：He is sure of success． 2) be sure 不定式，表示说话人对句子主语作出的判断，认为句子主语“必定”、“必然会”、“准会”如何如何。如：It is sure to rain． 3) be sure 宾语从句，表示主句主语对宾语从句中涉及的事物所作出的判断，意为“确信某事一定会……”。如：I'm not sure whether I've met him before 基本含义记忆口诀sometimes 有时sometimes/some times：相聚是“有时”；分开是“几次”some times 几次；几倍sometime 在某时sometime/some time：相聚是“某时”；分开是“一段”some time 一段时间
8B Unit5 Good manners单元知识点汇总Comic-Reading 单词短语讲解知识梳理1：Second, don’t cut in on others. (P64)第二，不要打断其他人。cut in (on sb./sth.) 打断（谈话），插嘴，知识拓展cut down砍倒；减少, 削减cut off切断，割断，剪断cut out切去,切除；剪下2：Always wait politely. (P64)总是礼貌地等候。polite adj. 有礼貌的 impolite adj. 没有礼貌的 politely adv. 没有礼貌地be polite to sb. 对…有礼貌 be rude to sb. 对…粗鲁3：leave the tap running (P65)水龙头一直在流leave vt.(1)使…处于某种状态，the tap做宾语，现在分词running是宾语补足语。“leave sth. +宾语补足语”结构中，可用形容词、副词、现在分词或过去分词等作宾语补足语。①现在分词作宾语补足语，如：What he said left me thinking deeply.②形容词作宾语补足语，如： His illness left him weak. (2)离开; 脱离 leave…for…离开…前往… 如：I’ll leave Nanjing for Beijing tomorrow.(3)遗忘; 丢下 leave sth.+地点 如：I left the book at home.注意：forget sth. 表示忘记某物，不强调地点，但在“leave sth.+地点”结构中强调地点。拓展①过去分词作宾语补足语，如：The moving story left him unmoved.②副词作宾语补足语，如：What has left him away for so long?③介词作宾语补足语，如：This matter left her without a way of hope.4：queue for your turn(P65)排队等待(1) queue v. 意为“排队等候”如：We should queue up at the ticket office.(2 )turnn. 顺序, 轮流 It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事,take one's turn to do sth. = do sth. in turn =do sth. by turns轮流做某事，vt.旋转turn down 关小 turn up 开大 / 出现 turn on 打开 turn off 关(水源、 煤气、 电灯等)turn in 上交 linking-V. 变得turn green / yellow 变绿/黄了5：I’m afraid not.(P65)我恐怕不是。（1）I’m afraid意为“恐怕”，主要用于礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事。（2）表示“害怕做某事”或“不敢做某事”，be afraid 之后可接不定式，也可接of doing sth。拓展但若要表示担心可能会发生某事，则只能用 be afraid of doing而不能用 be afraid to do。6：Always keep the library clean.(P65)让图书馆总是保持清洁。keep vt.意为“使……处于某种状态；保持”，常用于keep+宾语+宾语补足语。 (1) keep+宾语+形容词/副词。Keep the door open. (2)keep+宾语+现在分词。如： Don’t keep your mother waiting. (3)keep+宾语+介词短语。如： They must keep their hands behind their backs. linking-V. 后常接形容词作表语，意为“保持；继续(处于某种状态)”。 7：We should put them back after reading.(P65)我们应该在读完书后把它们放回去。after①prep.后接名词、代词或动名词He ran after the bus. 追赶I like going for a walk after having dinner. ②conj.后接句子I saw them after I arrived.后来拓展before的用法与after相同。Before watching TV, I have finished homework.Before I could get there，the film has been on for ten minutes. 8：What’s the proper way togreet people there, Jenny? (P66)简妮，问候那里的人合适的方法是什么？(1)动词不定式to greet people there 作后置定语，修饰the proper way。如：I have a lot of homework to do.(2)the way to do sth. /of doing sth.做某事的方式或方法，如：It’s the best way of studying / to study English.知识拓展in a way在一定程度上，从某方面说on the way在路上by the way顺便说，顺便问in the way有时也可说成in sb's way挡路，碍事 (3)greet sb欢迎某人greet sb. with sth.用…问候某人greetings名词，问候 9：British people say “hello” or “nice to meet you” and shake your hand when they meet you for the first time.(P66)英国人在他们第一次遇见你时说“你好”或“很高兴认识你”并和你握手。(1)shake 过去式shook；过去分词shaken；现在分词shaking常用短语：shake one’s hands握某人的手；shake hands with sb.与某人握手wave one’s hands挥某人的手；wave to sb.向某人挥手(2) hand vt.常用短语：hand in 上交，交上去(给老师或上级)hand out 散发，分发hand sb sth / hand sth to sb 把某物递给某人10：British people only greet relatives or close friends with a kiss.(P66) 英国人只用亲吻来问候亲戚或亲密的朋友。close①vt/vi.关闭;盖上;合上，反义词为open。如：She closed the door softly.②adj.近的,接近的(+to) 。如：His house is close to the factory.(关系)密切的,亲密的。如：She is a close friend of theirs.③adv. 接近,靠近地(+to)如：They live close to the museum.紧密地,紧紧地。 如：Anna followed close behind.拓展closed adj. 关闭的，反义词为open。如：He likes sleeping with the window closed.11：But please avoid subjects like age, weight, music, books or something else. (P66) 但是请避免像年龄、体重、音乐、书籍或是其他的话题。avoid vt.后接名词或动名词做宾语，意为避免做某事。如：We should do everything carefully to avoid making mistakes. 12：Do people there behave politely in public?(P66)那里的人会在公共场合举止文明吗？(1)behave vt/vi.表现 名词形式 behavior 表现；行为，举止 (2)public n.民众，群体；adj.公共的，公开的。如：The public like watching films like this.in public公开地，在别人面前。如：Don’t speak loudly in public.13：They think it’s rude to push in before others.(P66)他们认为在其他人面前插话是很粗鲁的。(1)rude adj.粗鲁的；名词rudeness; 反义词polite 常用短语：be rude to 对…粗鲁，(2)push v.推，反义词为pull，v.拉常用短语：push in,插队，加塞；插嘴 push on继续前进 pull up 拔，拔起14：Also, if they bump into someone in the street, they’ll say “sorry”.(P67)同样，如果他们在街上装上某人，他们会说“对不起”。bump into 撞上，碰上知识拓展fall into落入，陷入 run into撞上，碰上break into破门而入，非法进入 turn…into把…变成…15：They’ll say “excuse me” and be polite enough to wait till you move. (P67)他们将会说“打扰”并很礼貌地等你直到你移动为止。在肯定句中，till一般可以与until互换，但在否定句中一般用until，构成not…until…的结构，意为“直到…才…”如：She will wait here till/until 10.注意：主句为一般将来时，till/until引导的从句用一般现在时代替将来时。如：The bus will not go till/until all the people get on it.拓展until用于肯定句作“直到……为止”解时，主句的动词一般是延续到till/until所表示的时间为止。如：He waits till/until the children are asleep.用于否定句作“在……以前”、“直到才”解时，主句的动词一般是非延续性的，它所表示的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生。如：He didn't come until late in the morning.16：British people are very polite at home as well, aren’t they?(P67)英国人在家也很礼貌，不是吗?too; also; either; as well; as well as辨析（1）too 是个常用词，多用于口语，语气较随便。一般用在肯定句中，放在句末。如：I'm in Row 1，too． （2）also 是比较正式的用语，语气较庄重。它经常放在句中，位于行为动词之前；位于系动词,助动词或情态动词之后。如：Mrs. Green can also sing the song in Chinese．（3）either 表示“也”时一般只用于否定句，且只置于句末。如：I don't know him．Tom doesn't know him，either．（4）as well 常用于口语，用法和 too一样，通常位于句末，它前面通常不用逗号。如：She is a teacher and a singer as well． （5）as well as①常用来连接两个并列的成分, 作“也, 还”解。它强调的是前一项, 后一项只是顺便提及。因此连接并列主语时, 谓语动词与前一项一致；而用not only ...but also...连接时, 谓语动词与后一项一致。如： Your wife as well as you is friendly to me. （＝Not only you but also your wife is friendly to me. ） ② 用来表示同级比较, 指“一样好”。如： He plays the guitar as well as you. 17：She did not join the discussion.(P71)她没有加入讨论。discussion n.讨论 动词形式 discuss 常用短语：discuss with sb. 与某人讨论；discuss about sth. 讨论某事。语法知识点讲解知识梳理1：be+adj.+enough+to do sth.表示“（某人、某物）足够做某事”例如：I’m tall enough to reach the top of the tree.【拓展句型】be+adj.+enough+for sb.+to do sth.表示对某人来说“（某人、某物）足够做某事”2：too...to...结构和用法(1). too... to...表示“太……而不能……”。too 的后面接形容词或副词的原级，to 的后面接动词原形。too... to...句型是简单句。如：He is too young to join the army.(2). too... to... 结构表达肯定的意义①. too 前面含有表示否定意义的词，如: not, never, nothing等时，too... to... 结构不表示否定的意义。如：It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。(要学永远都不迟。)②. too后接表示感情的形容词，如glad, pleased, happy, sad等时，too... to...句型不再表示否定意义，而表示的是肯定意义。例如：He is too sad to hear the bad news.（3）too... to... 结构与enough...to... 结构的相互转换将too...to...结构转换为enough... to... 结构时，要注意：①.enough 前的形容词或副词应是too前面形容词或副词的反义词；②. enough... to... 句式须用否定式；如：She is too young to do the work. = She isn't old enough to do the work. Integrated skills知识点讲解知识梳理1：Help explain things and give us useful information. (P72)帮助解释事情并给我们有用的信息。explain vt./vi. 及物动词的用法为 explain to sb. sth. 或 explain sth. to sb. 即不能直接跟双宾语，在表人的间接宾语前，后需加介词 to。如：He explained to me the difficult maths problem.= He explained the difficult maths problem to me.2：keep us from danger (P72)使我们远离危险keep sb./sth away from sth.阻止某人/某物前去或接近keep/stop/prevent sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事3：warn us against something (P72)提醒我们地方某些可能发生的事情warn vt. 警告，提醒warn用法如下：①warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人（不要）干某事。②warn sb. that+从句③warn sb. of/about sth.提醒、警告某人注意某事。warning n.警告，提醒。4：Sorry, I didn’t notice that sign just now. (P73)对不起，我刚刚没有注意到那个标志。notice vt. 意为"注意到,留心,看到"。常用于notice sb. do sth.; notice sb. doing sth.结构中。notice n. 意为"布告,公告,启事",是可数名词。作名词常用的词组有：①take notice of sb./sth.意为"注意某人/某物"。②take no notice of sb./sth.意为"不理会某人/某物"。5：Everybody will be lucky or successfulsometime in their life. (P74)每个人都将会在他们的一生中走运或是成功。(1)successful adj. 成功的 successfully adv. 成功地 success n. 成功。succeed vi.成功；常用短语：be successful at sth. =do sth. successfully= succeed in sth./ doing sth.(2)sometime adv.在某时sometimes/ some times/ sometime/ some time辨析6：Risk losing everything all at one time.(P74)曾经冒险做失去一切的风险。risk vt.冒…的危险; 使…冒风险（或面临危险）; 常用短语：risk sth /doing sth 冒…什么危险/冒险做某事risk n.危险，冒险; 常用短语：at risk 在危险中 at the risk of 冒...之险; 不顾...之风险 run/take the risk of doing sth. 冒险做某事。7: a friend in need is a friend indeed(P75) 患难见真情need n.in need需要 in need of 需要….in great need 急需 in great need of... 急需...v.一)作情态动词①need作情态动词无人称或数的变化， 后接动词原形，多用于否定句和疑问句中。如：You needn't worry.②由need引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答常用must或have to;否定答语常用needn't. 如：—Need I answer the question? —Yes, you must. /Yes, you have to. —/No, you needn't.③由must引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must,否定答语用needn't或don't have to。如：—Must I do the work now? —Yes, you must /have to. —No, you needn't /don't have to.二）作行为动词need 作为行为动词有人称和数的变化， 后面可接名词、代词、动名词及带to 的动词不定式；可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句中，如：She needs help. 8：Just as the saying goes. (P75)正如谚语所说。(1) as用法小结1）作连词，引导方式状语从句，意为“像；按照”。如：You must do everything as I asked you to.2）作介词，表示“作为； 当作”。如：As a party member, I must be strict with myself． 3）作连词，引导时间状语从句。意为“当……的时候”。 如：She sings as she walks． 4）用于一些固定搭配。如：① as ．．． as．．． 与……相同的程度； 与……等同②as well as 同（一样也）；和；还 。如：③ such．．．as 像……这样的；such as 例如。（2）saying谚语常见的谚语有：Do as Romans do in Rome. 入乡随俗。A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。No pains, no gains.不劳无获。Burn the candles at both ends.操劳过度。The early bird catches the worm.早起的鸟儿有虫吃。It never rains but it pours. 不雨则已，一雨倾盆。It rains cats and dogs. 大雨磅礴。Many hands make light work.众人拾柴火焰高。Every dog has its day.人人都有得意日。Put all your eggs in one basket.孤注一掷。The grass is always greener than the other side.这山看着那山高。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。Action speaks louder than words.行动胜过语言。East or west, home is the best.金窝银窝不如自家草窝。Like and like make good friends. 趣味相投。It's never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。9：Otherwise, you will become tired out. (P75)否则，你将会筋疲力尽。tired adj. 累的，疲倦的（指人）；tiring adj. 令人累的，令人疲倦的（指物）。常用短语：be tired of 对...感到厌倦; be tired with 因...而疲劳。如：I am tired of living aboard.10：conclusion (P76)结论conclusion n.结论; 结局; 断定，决定; 推论; 复数：conclusions11：The purpose of the talk is to teach students rules for eating.(P77) 讲座的目的是教学生吃饭的规矩。此处的to teach放在is的后面，做表语。动词不定式还可以放在名词的后面做后置定语。如：I have a lot of homework to do.12：Above all, when you are sitting at the table, you should not start eating until everyone is ready. (P77)最重要的是，当你做在饭桌旁，你不应该开饭直到每个人都准备好。above all最重要的是，如：Above all, it needs a wise decision.at the table 在桌子旁at table在吃饭； in class在上课； in the class在班级中go to bed上床睡觉; go to the bed到床那边去13：These rules are important because we should make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table. (P77) 这些规矩很重要，因为我们应该确保客人和主人在桌子旁都很舒服。make sure用法make sure表示“弄确实；核实；查证”。make sure常用于祈使句，后面常接that宾语从句或of介词短语。be sure的用法对be sure的用法常感困惑不解，现将其主要用法归纳如下。1) be sure＋of／about 动名词或名词，意为“确信……”；“对……有把握”。但在接名词时，be sure of侧重指主语对某抽象事物的确信无疑；而be sure about则侧重指主语对某具体事物的确信无疑。例如：He is sure of success． 2) be sure 不定式，表示说话人对句子主语作出的判断，认为句子主语“必定”、“必然会”、“准会”如何如何。如：It is sure to rain． 3) be sure 宾语从句，表示主句主语对宾语从句中涉及的事物所作出的判断，意为“确信某事一定会……”。如：I'm not sure whether I've met him before 基本含义记忆口诀sometimes 有时sometimes/some times：相聚是“有时”；分开是“几次”some times 几次；几倍sometime 在某时sometime/some time：相聚是“某时”；分开是“一段”some time 一段时间
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