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这是一份牛津译林版(江苏地区)9A U1知识点整理,共20页。
9A Unit1 Knowing yourself单元知识点汇总1. Eddie,here's an interesting article about personality.埃迪,这是一篇关于性格的有趣的文章。解析:interesting是形容词,意为“有趣的”,既可以做定语,也可以做表语。例:This book is very interesting. 这本书很有趣。拓展:interest n.兴趣、趣味; v .使......感兴趣;interested adj. 对......感兴趣例:Swimming and stamp collecting are his two interests.游泳和集邮是他的两项爱好。The story interested me very much.这个故事使我产生了浓厚的兴趣。固定搭配:be/ become interested in 对...(变得)感兴趣;places of interest 名胜古迹辨析:interesting和interested一言辩异:The children are interested in that interesting story.孩子们对那个有趣的故事很感兴趣。2. Yeah,I agree. 是的,我同意。agree是不及物动词,意为“同意,赞同”,常与介词with/to/about等连用。辨析:agree with,agree to,agree on/about 拓展:(1)agree vt. 同意,其后常接名词或动词不定式,意为“同意(做)某事”。(2)agreement n. 同意,一致,协议。3. Hobo, you've eaten up my breakfast!霍波,你吃光了我的早餐!辨析:eat up是动词短语,意为“吃光,吃完”。例:You can cat up the rest of the food你可以把剩余的食物吃光。4. Mr Wu is patient enough to repeat grammar rules for us.吴老师足够耐心地为我们重复语法规则。辨析:patient 是形容词,意为“有耐心的”,其反义词是impatient,意为“没有耐心的”。固定搭配:be patient with sb 对某人有耐心。拓展:patient n. 病人,是可数名词。辨析:enough是副词,意为“足够地,十分”,常放在被修饰的形容词或副词之后,并与for或动词不定式连用;有时enough也可放在动词之后,修饰动词。例:The boy isn't old enough to join the army.这个男孩年纪不够大,不能参军。5. He often comes up with new ideas.他经常提出新想法。辨析:come up with意为“想出,提出(主意或计划等)”,相当于think up/of。6. I'm careless sometimes. 我有时很粗心。辨析:careless是形容词,意为“粗心的,漫不经心的”。例:He is a careless boy and often makes mistakes.他是个粗心的男孩,经常出差错。拓展:carelessly adv. 粗心地;carelessness n. 粗心大意;careful adj. 仔细的;carefully adv. 仔细地。sometimes是频度副词,意为“有时”,相当于at times成from time to time.例:Sometimes we play football after school.放学后我们有时踢足球。辨析:sometimes,some times,sometime,some time7. Neither my parents nor I think I can make a good accountant.我和我父母都认为我不会成为一名好会计。辨析:neither在此处是连词,与nor连用,构成neither...nor... 意为“既不...也不....”在连接两个主语时,谓语动词应遵循就近原则,即与靠近它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例:Neither his answer nor mine is right.他的答案和我的答案都不对。拓展:neither做代词,意为“两者都不,两者中没有一个”。neither of后接复数名词,谓语动词用单复数均可。例:Neither of his parents was/ were at home. 他的父母都不在家。8. My art teacher says I often have exciting ideas.我的美术老师说我经常有令人兴奋的想法。辨析:exiting是形容词,意为“令人兴奋的,使人激动的”。例:This is exciting news. 这是个激动人心的消息。辨析:excited,exciting一言辩异:We are all exited about the exciting news.我们都对这个振奋人心的消息感到激动。9. It's terrible for me to work without speaking all day long.整天不说话地工作对我来说很可怕。解析:terrible是形容词,意为“可怕的,糟糕的,极坏的”。例:His wife was hurt in a terrible accident last week.上周他的妻子在一次可怕的事故中受伤了。拓展:terrible的副词形式是terribly,意为“很非常;可怕地,极坏地,厉害地”。例:I'm terribly sorry to have kept you waiting so long.让您等了这么长时间,我非常抱歉。固定搭配:terrible accident 可怕的事故,terrible headache 剧烈的头痛,解析:without是介词,意为“没有,无",其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。例:My father went out without having breakfast this morning.今天上午我父亲没有吃早饭就出去了。 10. His sculptures for Sunshine Town Square have won high Praise from the art community. 他为阳光镇广场而刻的雕塑赢得了艺术界的高度赞扬。解析:praise在这里是名词,意为“赞扬、表扬”。例:I have nothing but praise for the young man.我对这个年轻人只有赞扬。拓展:praise vt.&. vi. 赞扬,赞美,表扬。固定搭配:praise for赞美...; in praise of 歌颂...;public praise口碑,公众的称赞。 11. Su Ning gave up her job as an accountant five years ago...苏宁在五年前放弃了她的会计工作....解析:give up意为“放弃”,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。例:Why did you give up your good job?你为什么放弃你的好工作?拓展:give in意为“让步,屈服”,其后不可接宾语。12. You either take the lead or fall behind.你要么领先,要么落后。解析:either...or... 意为“或者...或者...;要么...要么...”,做主语时,谓语动词通常和邻近的主语保持一致。例:Either you or she is a doctor.要么你要么她是一位医生。解析:fall behind意为“落后,掉队”。例:If you don't work hard, you'll fall behind.如果你不努力学习,你就会落后。常见的含fall的短语有:fall asleep 入睡;fall down 落下,跌倒;fall in love with... 爱上...fall off 减少,跌落;fall over 跌倒13. We can't afford to make any mistakes...我们承担不起任何错误......解析:afford是不及物动词,意为“买得起”,常与to连用,构成afford to,意为“支付得起,买得起”。例:We can't afford to go abroad this summer.今年夏天我们没有足够的钱去国外。拓展:afford vt. 买得起;提供;给予,常与can,could或be able to连用,并接名词、代词或动词不定式做宾语,多用于否定句或疑问句中。解析:mistake是可数名词,意为“错误;误会;过失”。例:He made some mistakes in selling.他犯了一些拼写错误。拓展:mistake vt.误解,弄错。固定搭配:make a mistake/ mistakes犯错误,出错; by mistake 错误地。14. All of us know that it's necessary to pay attention to every detail.我们所有人都知道注意每个细节很有必要。解析:attention是不可数名词,意为“注意;专心”,其前可用little,a little,more,much等形容词修饰。例:We should pay attention to English grammar. It's very important.我们应该注意英语语法。它很重要。固定搭配:pay attention to意为“注意;关注”,其中的to是介词,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 15. She has devoted most of her time to her work.她已经把大部分时间都贡献给了工作。解析:devote是及物动词,意为“献身于,致力于”,其后一般接oneself,one's life,one's time,one's efforts等。拓展:devote one's life to (doing) sth 相当于devote oneself to (doing) sth,意为“某人献身于/致力于(做)某事”,其中的to是介词,后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。例:Einstein devoted his life to the study of science.爱因斯坦一生致力于科学研究。 16.can produce something new or a work of art.能创造一些新东西或一件艺术作品。解析:形容词修饰不定代词时,应置于不定代词之后,做后置定语。例:I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你们。17. enjoys taking part in different activities.喜欢参加不同的活动。解析:enjoy是及物动词,意为“喜爱,欣赏,享受......的乐趣”,其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式等。例:Do you enjoy living here?你喜欢住在这儿吗?拓展:enjoyable adj. 愉快的,有趣的。固定搭配:enjoy oneself 过得愉快,相当于have a good tine/ have fun;enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事。解析:take part in意为“参加”。例:We took part in planting trees yesterday.我们昨天参加了植树活动。辨析:join,join in,take part in(1) join指加人某党派、团体、组织等,并成为其中一员,这时它是及物动词,后接表示团体、组织的名词。(2) join in多指参加正在进行着的活动,如竞赛、娱乐、谈话等后接表示活动的名词或动名词,这时join是不及物动词。(3) take part in指参加群众性的活动或在活动中负有责任,也就是说take part in强调在活动中发挥自己的作用。18. Liu Hao's team members find it difficult to work with him.刘浩的工友发现和他共事很难。解析:句中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是动词不定式短语to work with him,即构成“find it +adj. + to do sth”结构,意为“发现做某事...”例:I found it difficult to finish my homework in half an hour.我发现在半小时内完成作业很难。19. Billy would not accept others' advice.比利不接受其他人的建议。解析:accept是及物动词,意为“接受,领受”。辨析:accept,receive20. Suzy worries too much. 苏西有太多烦恼。解析:worry在这里是不及物动词,意为烦恼,担心;worry about sb/sth意为“担心某人/某事(物)”。拓展:worryvt. 烦恼,担心; n. 担心,忧虑,是可数名词;worried adj.担心的,忧虑的; be worried about=worry about,意为“担心......”21. In the afternoon,my grandpa and my dad either/not only play chess or/but (also) chat with each other.在下午,我爷爷和我爸爸要么/不但下国际象棋,要么/而且互相聊天。解析:play chess意为“下国际象棋”,chess前不可加任何冠词。拓展:表示球类或棋牌类的名词之前一般不用冠词;而表示乐器的名词之前应用定冠词。22. What jobs do you think our classmates can do in the future?你认为我们的同学将来会从事什么工作?解析:in the future意为“在将来,在将来某个时候”,用于将来时中。23. Horse:lively 马:活泼lively adj. 活泼的,生气勃勃的。例:Kate is a lively girl. 凯特是一个活泼的女孩。辨析:alive,living,live,lively24. Some people believe that people born under the same animal sign may have similar personalities.一些人相信出生在相同生肖的人可能有相似的性格。解析:believe是动词,意为“相信,认为,信任”。例:I believe our team will win the game.我相信我们队会赢得比赛。辨析:believe,believe in(1) believe意为“相信,信以为真”,通常用作及物动词,表示相信事物的真实性或人的品格、某人说的话,其后可接名词、代词或从句做宾语。(2) believe in意为“信仰,信任”,常与表示宗教、理论、原则、概念等的名词或人连用,表示对某人的信任,对真理宗教等的信仰,此时believe是不及物动词。 25. Your star sign:depends on your date of birth你的星座:视你的出生日期而定。解析:depend是不及物动词,意为“依靠,依赖,信赖”,depend on是固定搭配,意为“依靠,视...而定。” 26. In Western countries,a year is divided into a cycle of 12 star signs.在西方国家,一年被分为一圈12个星座。解析:divide是动词,意为“分开,分”。例:Nothing can divide us.没有什么能使我们分开,固定搭配:divide sth into把某物分成.....;divide sth将某物分割开(尤指分配时间)。27. Mm, you're brave in some ways.嗯,在某些方面你是很勇敢。解析:way是可数名词,意为“方法,方式”,in some ways意为“在某些方面”。例:We must find ways to stop pollution.我们必须找到方法停止污染。由way构成的短语有:by the way顺便问,顺便说; on the/one's way to在(某人)去...的路上;the way of doing sth/the way to do sth 做某事的方法;in one's way挡道,碍事; lose one's way迷路; 28. Skimming means reading the text quickly to get the main idea.略读的意思是快速地读课文并得出大意。解析:mean 在这里做及物动词,意为“意思是,意味着”例:You mean you can't come tomorrow.你的意思是说明天你不能来了。拓展:(1) meaning n. 意思,含义 the meaning of 意为“....的含义”。例:What's the meaning of this word?这个词是什么意思?(2)What does...mean?=What's the meaning of..意为“...是什么意思?”。解析:quickly 是副词,意为“快地,迅速地”。辨析:fast,quick,quickly,soon一言辩异:He went out quickly,ran away as fast as he could and disappeared soon.他迅速地出去,尽快地速走很快就消失了。 29. Skimming is often used when we read.当我们阅读时,经常使用略读。解析:be used意为“被使用”;be used to do sth意为“被用于做某事”,例:Wood is used to make tables.木材被用来制造桌子。拓展:(1) used to do sth意为“过去常常做某事”,指过去经常做而现在不做了,用于一般过去时。(2) be used to doing sth意为“习惯于做某事”,可用于任何时态,其中的to是介词,后接名词或动词ing形式。 30. Is it true that some aspects of your personality are formed by nature?你性格中的一些方面是天生的,对吗?解析:form意为“形成,建立,(使)组成”,既可做及物动词,也可做不及物动词。 拓展:form n. 形式,形状,表格,是可数名词。例:Please fill in these forms and then hand them in.请填写这些表格。然后把它们交上来。固定搭配:注意:form是动词,意为“形成,建立”。而 from是介词,意为“从......,来自”,两词形近,切勿混清。解析:by意为“通过”,其引导的介词短语在句中表示做某事的方式。拓展:by prep. 通过,以。“by +交通工具”表示“乘坐...”,其中表示交通工具的名词不能用复数形式,其前也不能用任何修饰词或限定词,如by bus,by train 等。例:I go to school by bike every day. 我每天骑自行车上学。辨析:by,with,in31. He is not afraid of making a speech in front of many people.他不害怕在许多人面前演讲。解析:speech意为“演说,讲话,发言”,是可数名词,其复数形式为speeches。make /give a speech意为“发表演讲/演说”。 32. He spends a lot of time helping with our class projects.他花费大量的时间帮助我们的班级计划。解析:spend是及物动词,意为“花费(时间/金钱)"。spend some time/ money (in) doing sth 意为“花费时间/金钱做某事”。辨析:spend,take,cost,pay(1) spend主语通常是人,常用于sb spend some money/time on sth或sb spend some money/time (in) doing sth结构中。(2) take主要用于指花费时间,常用于It takes sb some time to do sth句型中,其中It是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。(3) cost主语只能是事物,不能是人,常用于sth cost (sb) some money结构中(4) pay主要指花费金钱,主语是人,通常用于sb pay some money for sth结构中。解析:help是及物动词,意为“帮助,帮忙”。拓展:固定搭配:help sb with sth 帮助某人某事;help sb (to) do sth帮助某人做某事;can’t help doing sth 情不自禁做某事:help oneself to sth自用(食物等)with one's help/ with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下。33. He thinks he can do anything if he tries his best.他认为如果他尽力,他能做任何事。解析:try one's best意为“尽力,尽某人最大努力”,=do one's best;try/do one's best to do sth意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”。例:He tried his best to learn English well.他尽最大努力学好英语。拓展:34. He never forgets the things he needs to do.他从不忘记他需要做的事情。解析:forget 是动词,意为忘记,其后接人或事物,不接地点。辨析:forget,leave拓展:forget to do sth意为“忘记要做某事”,指忘记要做的事情,其反义词组是remember to do sth,意为“记得要做某事”,forget doing sth意为“忘记做过某事”,指忘记已经做过的事情,其反义词组是remember doing sth,意为“记得做过某事”。解析:need to do sth意为“需要做某事,应该做某事”,含主动意义。拓展:sth needs doing=sth needs to be+ done. 意为“某事(物)需要被做”,含被动意义。例:These flowers need watering.= These flowers need to be watered.这些花需要浇水。 35. He has won several science competitions.他赢得过几次科学竞赛。解析:win意为“获胜,赢”,既可做及物动词,也可做不及物动词。拓展:winner是可数名词,意为“获胜者”。辨析:win,beat两者都有“赢”的意思,但win后的宾语一般是比赛、战争、奖品、金钱等;而beat后的宾语一般是人、单位、集体或国家等。例:Who won the first place? 谁得了第一名?We beat them by 98 to 90. 我们以98比90战胜了他们。
