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    牛津英语(苏教版)8A U6知识点整理

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    这是一份牛津英语(苏教版)8A U6知识点整理,共16页。
    8A Unit6 Birdwatching单元知识点汇总Comic strip~Welcome to the unit1.I often go to the market to watch the birds. 我经常去市场观鸟。watch the birds= go birdwatching“观鸟,看鸟”句中的to watch the birds是动词不定式结构,在句中作目的状语。To catch the bus, he got up early. 为了赶上公共汽车,他很早就起床了。2. I like the birds at the market.marketn. “市场”可数名词,但常用单数。固定短语:at the market 在市场上free market 自由市场 food market 食品市场拓展market的派生词为supermarket“超市”3. What do cranes look like? 鹤看起来是什么样的?look like意为“看起来像”,like为介词,后面常接名词作宾语。He looks like a scholar. 他看上去像一个学者。【辨析】look like与be like图片4. They have long legs and a long thin neck. 它们有长腿和细长的颈。多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:限定词(冠词、物主代词等)→描绘性形容词(大小→长短→形状→新旧→颜色)→国籍、地区→材料性质→用途类别→名词。a small round table 一张小圆桌a dirty old brown shirt一件又脏又旧的棕色衬衫5. How many types of cranes are there in the world?世界上有多少种鹤?type的同义词是kindhow many types也可说成how many kinds。a type of …=a kind of… 一种……different types/kinds of 各种各样的,不同种类的all types of 各种各样的How many types/kinds of books are there on the shelf?6. join the BirdwatchingSociety(1) society 社会[U]; 协会[C]social 社会的 adj. (2) birdwatch v. 观鸟birdwatcher n.观鸟者go birdwatching去观鸟去观鸟 go birdwatching = go to watch the birds7. wide adj. 指宽度,“宽的” widely adv. 广泛地use sth widely 广泛地使用……broad adj. 指幅员辽阔的,看不到边际的,“宽广的,辽阔的” Reading1.Zhalong Nature Reserve is in Heilongjiang Province in North-east China. 扎龙自然保护区在中国东北的黑龙江省。nature reserves 自然保护区the natural world 自然世界natural disasters 自然灾害2. It is one of the world’s most important wetlands. 它是世界上最重要的湿地之一。“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词的复数形式”表示“最……之一”,形容词前一般有the或物主代词。Tom is one of the tallest boys in his class. 汤姆是他班上最高的男孩之一。3. The area provides food and cover for a lot of wildlife. 这个地区为众多野生动物提供食物和栖息地。provide vt.提供provide sb. with sth.provide sth. for sb.The river provides water for the villagers.= The river provides the villagers with water.这条河流给村民们提供水。区别:offer sb sth=offer sth to sb4.It is a perfect place for some rare birds.perfect adj.极好的注意:perfect常表达一种绝对的意思,所以在使用时,不可以在它前面加比较副词,5.Many birds live in Zhalongall year round, whilesome go there only for a short stay. 许多鸟常年生活在扎龙,而有些鸟则仅去那儿作短暂停留。go there for a short stay= stay there for a short time 在那做短暂停留(1)all year round“一年到头;常年;终年”,相当于all the year round= during the whole year通常在句子中作状语。It’s spring all year round in Kunming. 昆明一年四季如春。拓展:all day/ night long整天/夜 (2)while连词,“然而”,表示转折。He is a worker while I am a doctor. 他是个工人,而我是个医生。while一词多义(1)当.......时后接延续性动词 I’m doing my homework while my mother is watching TV.(2)然而(做对比)I like drinking warm water while my brother likes drinking cold water.(3)尽管,虽然=though While I got up early,I didn’t catch the first bus.(4)n 一小会stay for a short while短暂停留6.There are not many left in the world, and 40 per cent of them live in Zhalong. 世界上的鹤所剩不多,其中40%生活在扎龙。per cent n. 可写作percent,意为“百分之……”。常用于“数词+per cent of+名词”结构其中名词可以是复数名词也可以是不可数名词。“数词+per cent of+名词”结构作主语时,谓语动词要与of后面的名词保持一致。80 percent of the fruit goes bad.65 percent of the children like fast food.7. Some people want to make the wetlands smaller in order to have more space for farms and buildings. 一些人想要减少湿地(的面积),以便为耕地和建筑用地腾出更多空间。(1)in order to意为“以便,为的是”,后接动词原形,表示目的。其否定形式是in order not to意为“以免”。He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他起得很早,为了赶上第一班公交车。(2)have/ make space for…“给……腾出地方”,相当于have/make room for…,space不可数名词,地方;空间= room8. This will lead to less and less space for wildlife. 这将会导致野生动物的空间越来越小。lead to意为“导致”,这里的to作介词,后跟名词或代词。lead to还可以表示“引起;通向”。This will lead to many problems in the future. 这将导致以后的许多问题。These passages lead to the rooms inside. 这些走廊通向里面的房间。All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。9. Moreover, fishermen keep fishing here.moreover 此外类似的词还有besidesas wellwhat’s morealso(单独用)in addition如:The rent is reasonable, and moreover, the location is perfect.这房租合理,而且地点非常优越。10. As a result, the birds do not have enough food to eat. 因此,鸟类没有足够的食物可吃。(1)as a result的含义和用法图片(2) enough在句中作形容词,意为“足够的,充分的”,可作定语修饰名词,置于被修饰的名词前后均可,也可作表语。Don’t worry. We have enough time to catch the early bus. 不用担心。我们有足够的时间赶早班车。【拓展】enough还可以作副词,意为“充足地,足够地”,可用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,通常置于被修饰词之后。enough后面常接不定式短语或for短语。“adj./adv.+enough to do sth”意为“足够……做某事”。The boy is old enough to go to school. 这个男孩足够大,可以去上学了。11.Now the Chinese government has made laws to prevent all these things in Zhalong. 如今中国政府已经制定了法律来阻止扎龙地区所有这些事情的发生。prevent v. 意为“防止,预约”,常用结构:prevent sb (from) doing sth意为“阻止某人做某事”,from在这个结构中可以省略。Can you think of a better way to prevent the pollution? 你能想个更好的办法来阻止污染吗?Nobody can prevent us (from) going there. 没有人能阻止我我们去那里。【拓展】表示“阻止某人做某事”的其他结构stop sb (from) doing sthprevent sb (from) doing sthkeep sb from doing sth12. We record their types and changes in their numbers.我们记录它们的种类和在数量上的变化。(1) recordv. 意思是“记录;录音”record v 记录记录成绩 ~ scoresrecord n 记录录音;唱片”keep/break the record of...保持/打破记录n. recorder 收音机 (2)the changes in their numbers“它们在数量上的变化”,changen. 意思是“变化;改变,零钱”介词短语in their numbers作它的后置定语。changes in... 在某方面的改变13. We are now inviting them to help us. We need more people to count and describe the birds.invite的用法 invite sb. to some place/ to do sth邀请某人去某地/去做某事,describe vt.描述n.[C]description the description(s) of…14. We hope this will help peopleunderstand the importance ofthe wetlands.importancen.意为“重要性”;其形容词是important,意为“重要的”。be important = be of importance 重要的15.StudyingZhalong helps us learn about protecting wildlife.(1)studying:动名词作主语,也可用 To study作主语,但要注意的是:不能用动词原形作主语(2)learn about的含义:了解,学习 learn about doing sth了解,学习(关于)做……。Grammar1. Take a notebook with you in order to write down what you see. 随身携带一个笔记本以便能记下你看到的东西。write down“写下,记下”,是由“动词+副词”构成的动副短语。其后接名词作宾语时,名词可放在down之前或之后;其后接代词作宾语时,代词必须放在write和down的中间。Did you write down the telephone number? 你记下电话号码了吗?Write it down! 把它记下来!2. Mr Wu agreed to let me join their school trip.agree to+提议/计划/建议等词agree to do sth同意做某事agree sb (not) to do sth同意某人(不)做某事agree with sb同意某人的建议 +表示人/建议的词agree on/upon指双方经过协商而取得一致意见或达成协议3. She saw a baby panda drink her mother’s milk.see sb do sth看见某人做某事(常与often等词连用,表示经常看见或者看见了动作的全过程)see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事(表示看到的时候动作正在进行)4. Millie and Amy heard someone sing in the park. 米莉和艾米听见有人在公园里唱歌。hear sb do sth意为“听见某人做某事”表示听到动作发生的全过程或某个动作经常发生。We often hear him sing in the next room. 我们经常听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。【拓展】hear sb doing sth意为“听见某人正在做某事”表示听到某个动作正在进行。Listen! I can hear someone knocking at the door. 听!我能听见有人在敲门。5. Mr Wu told us to watch the birds carefully. 吴老师告诉我们认真观察鸟类。tell sb to do sth意为“告诉某人做某事”,其否定形式tell sb not to do sth意为“告诉某人不要做某事”。He told students not to stay there. 他告诉学生们不要待在那里。 重点语法:动词不定式作目的状语1.动词不定式作目的状语主要用来修饰动词,表示某一动作或状态的目的。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时,还可以在动词前面加in order to或so as to,意为“为了,目的是”。He stopped to ask the way.他停下来问路。I will sit in the front in order to hear more clearly.为了听得更清楚,我要坐在前面。2.动词不定式的否定形式是在to前加not。I wrote it down in order not to forget.为了不忘记,我把它写了下来。3.由in order to引导的目的状语,既可以置于句首,也可以置于句尾,而由so as to引导的目的状语,只能置于句尾,不能置于句首。We do after-school activities every dayin order to keep healthy.=In order to keep healthy we do after-school activities every day.4.动词不定式的复合结构作目的状语当不定式有自己的主语时,要用不定式的复合结构(即在不定式前加for+.g词或代词宾格)作状语。He opened the door for the children to come in.为了让孩子们进来,他打开了门。Integrated skills1. The reserve covers an area of over…square kilometres.cover vt.覆盖cover A with B 用B覆盖Acover an area of....占地面积为.... be covered with.... 被...覆盖n.封面 the cover of... ...的封面2. Yanchengis the second largest home to red-crowned cranes in China.the second largest第二大the+序数词+形容词的最高级3.What should we take with us when we go birdwatching, Sandy? 桑迪,我们去观鸟的时候应该带些什么呢?go birdwatching意为“去观鸟”属于“go+v.-ing”结构,表示“去做某事,从事某种娱乐休闲的活动”。4. Anything else? 还有其他的吗?anything else意为“其他某物/某事”,其中anything为不定代词,else要位于不定代词或疑问代词的后面。I didn’t break your window. It must be someone else. 我没打破窗户。肯定另有其人。There’s nothing else in the fridge. 冰箱里没别的东西了。study skills在某些动词或名词后面加上-er, -or和ist等后缀就可以构成名词,表示“从事某种职业的人”或者“某一类人”。下面将表示“人”的后缀加以分类总结①加-er表示“人”,这类词多数情况下表示的人在社会中处于较低地位或是普通人士。clean—cleaner 清洁工人dance——dancer 舞者sing—singer 歌手speak——speaker 说话人,演讲者surf—surfer 冲浪者teach——teacher 教师wait——waiter 服务员win—winner 优胜者write——writer作者,作家②加-or表示“人”,一般加在以t结尾的动词后,这类词多数情况下表示的人在社会中处于较高地位或是管理和支配别人的人。doctor 博士/医生director 导演/主任act—-actor 男演员visit—visitor 访问者,来宾③加-ist表示“人”,这类词多数情况下表示事业有成或较为特殊的人,常可译作“......家”artist艺术家scientist科学家pianist钢琴家tourist 旅游者Task1. First, let me introduce myself. 首先,让我来介绍一下我自己。introduce vt. 介绍, 短语introduce oneself “自我介绍”。introduce A to B 表示“把A介绍或引见给B”。It’s my honor to introduce my teacher to everyone. 把我的老师介绍给大家是我的荣幸。→introduction n.介绍,引见(可数)2.I am very interested in learning about different kinds of plants, birds and animals. 我对学习各种不同的植物、鸟类和动物非常感兴趣。be interested in意为“对……感兴趣”,其后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。be interested in (doing) sth 对(做)某事感兴趣图片3. and I think it is important for me to do something to protect them并且我认为对于我来说做一些事情保护它们是很重要的。“It’s +adj.+for sb+to do sth”意为“对于某人来说,做某事是……的”。it为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。在此句型中,形容词时形容某事或某物的词,如:easy、hard、important等。It is important to lie in bed for some time. 卧床休息一段时间很重要。It’s difficult for him to finish the work on time. 对他来说,按时完成这项工作真是太难了。【拓展】“It’s +adj.+of sb+to do sth”意为“某人做某事是……的”。此句型中,形容词表示的是人的品德的词,如:good、kind、nice、clever、careful等。It’s clever of you to leave away. 你离开是明智之举。4. You can call me on 010-5558 6390 or e-mail me at amy@sunshine.com.call ab on/at+电话号码拨打...(号码)找某人call+电话号码打...(号码)email sb at+邮箱地址给某人发送邮件至....(邮箱)

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