【寒假作业】人教版2019 高中英语 高一寒假巩固提升训练 专题03 非限制性定语从句&必修第二册Unit1-Unit3知识回顾-练习.zip

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Unit 1 Cultural Heritage
单词变形练习.
1. I’m srry t tell yu that the entrance _________the museum was clsed fr renvatins(维修).
2. Dragn Dance and Lin Dance are___________(traditin) perfrmed during the Spring Festival.
3. We culd d nthing but wait fr____________(far)infrmatin, thugh it is nt what we wish t d.
4. If yu ____________(cmparisn) this bk with that ne, yu will find this ne much mre interesting.
5. wasn’t wrthwhile t cntinue the prject.
6. He was awarded a prize fr his (cntribute) t wrld peace.
7. Martin’s idea was t create sme interesting (image) and then mve n t anther subject.
8. Everyne is (limit) in his energy, s we cannt d everything all by urselves.
9. The (histry) building is as much part f ur heritage as the paintings.
10. With the develpment f science and technlgy, many f tday’s medical images are prcessed __________ (digital).
1. t 2. traditinally 3. further 4. cmpare 5.It 6. cntributin 7. images8. limited 9. histric 10. digitally
Unit 2 Wildlife Prtectin
单词变形练习
1. D yu think the film _________(adapt) is faithful t the bk?
2. This traditinal Chinese medicine is very __________(effect) in relieving COVID-19.
3. One f the _______(beautiful) f living here is that it’s s peaceful.
4. T ur surprise, the disease has spread at an ________(alarm) rate.
5. Many languages including Chinese are all (live) languages.
6. T prtect my cmputer frm _________(attack) by hackers, I equipped it with anti-virus sftware.
7. _________ (plain), he is interested in her present appearance and manner.
8. It’s well knwn that mney can be exchanged fr ________ (gd) r services.
9. A great many species in the wrld are at the edge f (extinct).
10. One day the cat was caught in a trap laid by a _______ (hunt).
11. He didn't answer my questin ____________ (immediate), which made me very upset.
12. As far as I'm _________(cncern), it's everyne's duty t prtect the envirnment.
13. I've gt a _________(reserve) fr tw nights.
14. The university is knwn fr its language and culture curses ______(intend) fr internatinal students.
15. The by _______ (remved)frm schl because f fighting with thers.
16. Halley made his discvery by means f his wn careful ___________(bserve).
17. Thse wh hunt animals ________ (illegal) will be punished by law.
18. He gained weight after ________ (recver) frm his illness.
19. It is s wet there that the trees are extremely tall, sme _______(measure) ver 90 meters.
1. adaptatin 2.effective 3.beauties 4.alarming 5.living 6. being attacked 7. Plainly 8. gds 9. extinctin10.hunter 11. immediately 12. cncerned 13. reservatin 14. intended 15. is remved 16. bservatin 17. illegally 18. recvery 19. measuring
Unit3 The Internet
单词变形练习.
1．First, ur meeting will begin ________ a sng.
2．I have n md t chat ________ yu.
3．He was s excited ________ he culd say nthing.
4．If yu lk at a wrld map, yu can ________ (identity) the majr wine­prducing regins.
5．D yu spend much time ________ (search) thrugh dictinaries fr wrds that are nt included?
6．Kate functined ________ a mther t the child while his parents were away.
7．I'm still waiting fr ________ (cnfirm) f the test results.
8．Yur new cmputer will have a variety f ________ (functin)．
9．There tw keys can't be ________ (press)．
10．He sat behind a desk n which were half a dzen ________ (file)．
11．This kind f apps keeps yu ________ (update) n all tpics which yu prefer.
12．Yu can als chse ____________ (receive) the news yu are interested in.
13．The htel has 110 bedrms, all with ________ (privacy) bathrms.
1.with receive
13.private
非限制定语从句
必要知识拓展
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。
限制定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
Part 2要点回顾
1.when既可以指代具体的时间名词，也可指代抽象时间名词，常见的有ccasin（时机）, time, age, perid等。
2.where既可以指代具体的地点名词，也可指代抽象地点名词，常见的抽象地点名词：case, pint, situatin, cnditin, scene, stage, psitin，activity, platfrm, jb, family, race, envirnment, atmsphere等。
3.区别which和that
(1)先行词是物, 关系代词用that，不用which的情况
①当先行词为不定代词：everything, anything, nthing, all, any, much, many, sme, few, little, nne等或当先行词被n, sme, any, all, much, little等词修饰时，只能用that。
T get the jb started, all that I need is yur permissin.
He answered few questins that were asked by the reprters.
②当先行词被the nly, the very, the same等词修饰时。
That’s the nly thing that we can d nw . This is the very pen that I am lking fr.
③当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
This was ne f the mst interesting bks that were sld in this bk stre.
④当先行词中同时包括人和物时。
I’m ging t talk abut the cuntries and peple that I have visited.
⑤当要避免与疑问词which重复时。
Which is the T-shirt that fits me mst?
(2)先行词是物, 关系用which，不用that的情况
①在非限制性定语从句中
Ftball, which is an interesting game, is played all ver the wrld.
②介词提前时，不用that，而用which，介词不提前时，用that和which都可。
This is the rm in which my father lived last year.
= This is the rm (that/ which) my father lived in last year.
Part 3 关系代词和关系副词易错点
1.关系代词的省略 关系代词做宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略，在非限制性定语从句中不省略。
Hangzhu is a beautiful city(that/which)I always want t visit.（在限制性定语从句中作visit的宾语，可以省略）杭州是我总想参观的一个美丽城市。
Hangzhu ,which I visited last week, is a beautiful city.（在非限制性定语从句中作visited的宾语，不可省略）杭州是一个美丽的城市，我上周去参观过。
2.whse+n.= the+n +f which
=f which+the+n. 【注意】名词之前必须有the。
I live in the rm whse windw/the windw f which / f which the windw faces suth.我住在窗子朝南开的房间里。
3.介词＋关系代词”(相当于关系副词) 引导的定语从句
A.在这种结构中，若先行词指人，关系代词用whm不能用wh；若先行词指物，关系代词用 which不能用that。
B.关系代词前介词的选择。
(1)根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。先行词通常是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词。
I can’t remember the age at which he wn the prize.(at the age）
(2)根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
The dcuments fr which they were searching have been recvered.（search fr）
(3)根据定语从句中主要形容词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。
He referred me t sme reference bks with which I am nt very familiar.（be familiar with）
(4)根据句子所表达的意思来确定介词
The clrless gas withut which we cannt live is called xygen.
介词可以后移，此时关系代词可以省略（省略时，介词必须后移）This is the bk fr which yu asked. =This is the bk which/that yu asked fr.
注意 一些与动词搭配的介词可以提到关系代词之前构成“介词＋关系代词”结构，但有些含有介词的动词短语一般不能拆开，如 lk fr, lk after, call n, care fr, hear f, take care f等。
我必须要照顾的最小的妹妹非常可爱。
【正】My yungest sister, whm I have t lk after, is very lvely.
【误】My yungest sister, after whm I have t lk, is very lvely.
4. The way 做先行词
①先行词the way在定语从句中充当方式状语，关系词用 that 或in which ，也可省略。（注意不用hw, hw不能引导定语从句。）
②先行词the way充当主语、宾语 关系词用 that 或which，做主语时不可省略，做宾语时可省略。
5. the same…as…和the same…that…
①the same…as…表示“类似的一个，而不是同一个”（相似性）
②the same…that…表示“同一个”（同一性）
I have bught the same watch as yu have. 我买了一块和你的一样的手表。（相似的，非同一个）
This is the same watch that I lst. 这就是我丢的那块手表。（同一个）
6. s/such….. that与such…
s/such….. that 用于引导结果状语从句It was such cld that there was nbdy n the street.
such….as 用于引导定语从句I’ve never heard such stries as he tld.
区别：引导词在从句中不充当成分， 则该从句为状语从句，引导词词用that
引导词在从句中充当成分， 则该从句为定语从句，关系词用as
Part 4 能力提升
（一）分割式定语从句
定语从句和它所修饰的先行词中间插入谓语、状语或另外的定语等成分，使定语从句与所修饰的名词分割开来，或者插入语把引导词与定语从句分割。理解句子时，注意找准先行词。
A new teacher will cme tmrrw wh will teach us English.
The scientist has made anther discvery, which , f curse, is f great imprtance.
（二）易混从句对比
（三）定语从句中的主谓一致:
关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,从句谓语通常与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。
注意：当先行词为“ne f +复数名词” 时定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；
当先行词为“the (nly/very)ne f +复数名词” 时定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
He is a gd student wh likes t help thers.他是一个乐于助人的好学生。
They are gd students wh like t help thers.他们是乐于助人的好学生。
He is ne f the students wh were praised.他是一个受到表扬的学生之一。
He is the ne/ the nly ne f the students wh was praised. 他是唯一一个受到表扬的学生。
用正确的关系词填空
1. —— D yu have anything t say fr yurselves?
—— Yes, there’s ne pint _______ we must insist n.
2. In an hur, we can travel t places _________ wuld have taken ur ancestrs days t reach.
3. ——Why des she always ask yu fr help?
—— There is n ne else _________________.（turn t sb.）
4. We went t see ur teacher _________ husband lst his life in the earthquake.
5. The tree _________ I thught was dying is sending ut new leaves!
6. I am very thankful t my parents _________ have always encuraged me t play the pian.
7. He is the nly ne f thse wrkers _________ was able t d this jb.
8. Yesterday I ran int a friend _________ I haven’t seen fr many years.
9. He lst his heart t a pretty girl _________ turned ut t be the daughter f his enemy.
10. That was the same hspital _________ I left ten minutes ag.
11. The bss, in _________ cmpany my sister wrks, is kind t his wrkers.
12. We like the way _________ he treat thers.
13. Thse _________ cme late will be punished.
14. The girl with _________ we talked is gd at English.
15. The way _________ he came up with is practical.
1.that/which/不填 2.which/that 3.(wh/whm) she can turn t 4. whse 5.that/which 6. wh/that 7.is 8.whm/that/不填 9.wh/that 10.that 11.whse 12.in which/that/不填 13.wh 14.whm 15.that/which/不填
Unit 1 Cultural Heritage
假定你是校英语报的记者，上周日你校学生会举办了以“保护城市文化遗产”为主题的摄影活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1.活动主题参加人员；2.活动详情；3.活动反响。
注意：1.词数80左右，标题给出，不算入字数； 2.可以适当增加细节，使行文流畅。
背诵参考范文
A Picture Is Wrth A Thusand Wrds
A phtgraphy activity, whse theme was preserving city’s cultural heritage, was held by the students’ unin last Sunday.
Teachers and students wh are interested in phtgraphy participated in it. They tk sme wnderful phts f cultural heritages in ur city. Meanwhile, sme students interviewed sme senir citizens and asked mre abut cultural heritages. Finally, after returning t schl everyne shared the phts and had a discussin abut hw t prtect the cultural heritages.
The activity turned ut t be a great success. Nt nly des it raise the awareness f prtecting the cultural heritage but it als enriches ur schl life.
By Li Hua
Schl Newspaper
Unit 2 Wildlife prtectin
假定你是李华，你们学校将举办以“Prtect Wild Animals”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请你根据以下提示写一篇英语演讲稿。
1.野生动物的现状；2.保护建议(建保护区、提高保护意识等）；3.愿景。
注意：1）词数80左右；3）开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。
背诵参考范文
Gd mrning, everyne!
It’s my hnur t give a speech tday. The tpic f my speech is Prtect Wild Animals.
As we all knw, animals als play a part in keeping the balance f nature. Unfrtunately they are being ver–hunted, and sme f them are dying ut. S it is urgent t take sme measures t prtect them. First, we must build nature reserves. Secnd, we shuld raise ur awareness f envirnmental prtectin. T harm animals is t harm urselves. Therefre, let's take the respnsibility and d what we can t prtect them. I hpe in the future we can live harmniusly and happily tgether with animals.
Thank yu!
Unit 3 The internet
假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Jean来信了解中国青少年的上网喜好。请你予以回复，并以自己为例，谈谈你最喜欢的网站或APP及理由。
注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jean,
Glad t knw that yu are interested in what Chinese teenagers like t d nline, I am writing t tell yu mre abut it.
As smart phnes have been widely used, many teenagers prefer surfing nline with their phnes. Shpping nline and chatting with friends via Wechat r QQ are becming increasingly ppular. As fr me, I like an Alipay app called the Ant Frest, which encurages users t adpt lw-carbn activities. I have a great sense f achievement when I turn the energy frm lw-carbn life int real trees thrugh it. Are yu using this app?
What abut yur favrite applicatin? Lking frward t hearing frm yu sn.
Yurs
Li Hua
核心单词语法填空
一
语法填空
Althugh mst peple knw there are Seven Wnders in the ancient wrld, nly few peple can name 1.________. This is because mst f them are n lnger there except the pyramids. Hwever, there is 2. ______grwing list f wnders f the wrld tday.
Abut nine years ag, UNESCO’s Wrld Cultural and Natural Heritage List had 411 places and 136 cuntries were respnsible fr _________(prtect) them, and the list keeps n 4. ________(grw). Usually it is the task f a grup f 21 experts t decide which places g n the list. The experts 5._________(chse) t wrk fr six years. Their wrk is t examine and discuss the suggestins frm different cuntries. They als manage the Wrld Heritage Fund(基金) 6.__________can ffer help t cuntries fr prtectin wrk. Over the past centuries a lt f histric places 7._______________(destry) by man r nature. Prtecting ur natural and 8.___________(culture) heritage is a lng and difficult task. Earthquakes, flds, pllutin, wars, r even turism are sme f the 9._____________(danger) that harm the heritage.
When a histric place is 10.______________great danger, it is put n the List f Wrld Heritage in Danger and necessary things will be dne t prtect it. Places which are n the danger list include Histric Bridges f Indiana, Saint Elizabeths Hspital, Rsenwald Schl in Suthern US, etc.
1. them 2. a 3. prtecting 4. grwing 5. are chsen 6. which 7. have been destryed 8. cultural 9. dangers 10. in
二
语法填空
We arrived at the plain in Tibet. We culd just make 1. ______ a herd f graceful animals mving slwly acrss the green grass. I am struck by their 2.________(beautiful) and that is 3._______we’re here—t bserve Tibetan antelpes. Meanwhile, I am clear that they are still in danger. They are being 4._______ (illegal) hunted.
My guide, Zhaxi, 5.______wrks at the Changtang Natinal Nature Reserve, lves his jb deeply. He says, “We are nt trying t save the animals. Actually, we are saving 6.________(we).”
In the 1980s and 1990s, antelpes suffered mst. Hunters were shting them 7._______(make) prfits crazily. Therefre, their ppulatin drpped 8.______mre than 50 percent. The Chinese gvernment later realized the seriusness f the situatin and tk psitive measures t save this species frm 9._____ (extinct).
T ur jy, the Tibetan antelpe 10.________(remve) frm the endangered species list. But the gvernment desn’t intend t stp prtecting antelpes, as threats still exist.
I think nly when we learn t live in harmny with nature can we stp being a threat t wildlife and t ur planet.
1.ut2. beauty3. why 4. illegally 5. wh 6. urselves 7. t make 8. by9. extinctin 10. was remved
三
语法填空
The Internet recently raised its eyebrws after Chinese state media claimed that nline shpping, high­speed rail, bike sharing and electrnic payment systems are China's “fur new great inventins”．
Xinhua News Agency said the cuntry deserved credit fr the discveries, 1.________ (cmpare) them t the inventins f ancient China: cmpass, gunpwder, paper, and printing.
Accrding t SCMP, the s­called “fur new great inventins” were based 2.________ last year's research cnducted by the Silk Rad Research Institute. In a survey, China's freign students frm 20 cuntries near the “Belt and Rad Initiative” 3.________ (ask) t pick China's “fur new great inventins” that they wanted their hme cuntries 4.________ (use)．
Xinhua's article ntes that“ Amng 5.________ fur, nline shpping was invented and pineered by Michael Aldrich in the U. K. in 1979, while the Japanese 6.________ (perate) the first mdern high­speed rail in 1964. But it is Chinese peple that bring the inventins t the wrld's tp level with 7.________ (they) intelligence and creativity.”
Despite the rigins, in recent years, a number f China's technlgical 8.________ (advance) have been making their mves in the wrld. Amng them, fur stand ut with a reputatin f China's “fur new great inventins” in mdern times, 9.________ have made the daily life f the public mre 10.________ (cnvenience)．
1-10cmparing;n;were asked;t use;the;perated;their;advances;which;cnvenient
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国甲卷)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Fr thusands f years, peple have tld fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lessn r t pass n wisdm. Fables were part f the ral traditin f many early cultures, and the well-knwn Aesp’s fables date t the ___42___ (six) century, B. C. Yet, the frm f the fable still has values tday, ___43___ Rachel Carsn says in “A Fable fr Tmrrw.”
Carsn uses a simple, direct style cmmn t fable. In fact, her style and tne (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was nce a twn in the heart f America, ___44___ all life seemed t enjy peaceful existence with its surrundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (brrw) sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables. Behind the simple style, hwever, is a serius message ___46___ (intend) fr everyne.
___47___ (difference) frm traditinal fables, Carsn’s stry ends with an accusatin instead f a mral. She warns f the envirnmental dangers facing sciety, and she teaches that peple must take respnsibility ___48___ saving their envirnment.
The themes f traditinal fables ften deal with simple truths abut everyday life. Hwever, Carsn’s theme is a mre weighty ___49___ (warn) abut envirnmental destructin. Carsn prves that a simple literal frm that has been passed dwn thrugh the ages can still ____50____ (emply) tday t draw attentin t imprtant truths.
【答案】41. t teach 42. sixth 43. as 44. where 45. brrwing 46. intended 47. Different
48. fr 49. warning 50. be emplyed
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
41考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填t teach。
42考查数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
43考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
44考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为twn，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
45考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与brrw之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填brrwing。
46考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。be intended fr打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
47考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different frm与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。
48考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take respnsibility fr对……负责。故填fr。
49考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
50考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric frm与emply之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be emplyed。
目录
温习知识：温习知识(词汇，易错考点)
语法导航：温习语法知识
写作导航：温习重点写作
小试牛刀：核心单词语法填空+能力提升
frmer adj. 以前的；（两者中）前者的 n. 前者
the frmer...; the latter... 前者；后者
preserve
(1)vt.保存;保护;维持 preserve ... frm... 保护...免受 preserve sth. fr... 为而保存某物
(2) n.保护区 nature preserve 自然保护区
well-preserved adj.保存良好的
(3) preservatin n.保存,保留
prmte vt.促进;提升;推销;晋级
prmte sb. (frm sth.) t sth. 把某人（从某职位）提升到某职位
prmtin n. 提升；晋级；促进 get/win prmtin 获得晋级
applicatin n.申请(表);用途;运用;应用(程序)
(1) apply vt.涂,敷;应用,运用;(后常接neself)使致力(于),使专心从事(+t) vi.申请;应用,使用;适用
apply fr 申请,请求 apply (t sb) fr... (向某人)申请……
apply neself t 专心致志于 把……运用到……中去;将……涂抹到……上面
(2) applicant n.申请人
(3) applied adj.应用的;实用的 applied science应用科学
balance n. 平衡；均匀
v. 使平衡
balance between ... and... 平衡...与...
keep/ lse ne’s balance 保持/失去平衡
balanced adj.平衡的 keep a balanced diet 保持一个健康的饮食
keep a balance between... and... 保持...与...的平衡
keep the balance f nature 保持生态平衡
limit vt.限制;限定, n.限度,限制
limited adj.有限的 limitatin n.限度；局限
limit... t... 把...限制到... be limited t 局限于
cntributin n.捐款；贡献；捐赠
make a cntributin/ cntributins t 对做出贡献
cntribute vi.&vt. 捐献；捐助
cntribute sth 把某物捐献给
cntribute t 有助于；捐献；导致；投稿
wrthwhile adj.值得做的；值得花时间的
（1）It’s wrthwhile t d/ding sth. 做……是值得的
（2）wrth adj.& n. 值……的;价值 be wrth +sme mney 值多少钱
be (well) wrth ding ……(非常)值得被做(主动形式表被动意义)
f being dne
（3）wrthy adj.值得的 be wrthy t be dne 值得……
f +n.
cntrast n.对比;对照 vt.对比;对照
by cntrast 相比之下；相反
in cntrast (t/with) 与…相比较
cntrast t 对比；对照
die ut 灭亡;逐渐消失
die away 逐渐模糊;逐渐消失;逐渐减弱die dwn 逐渐变弱;逐渐暗淡;逐渐平息
die ff 相继死去;先后死die f/frm 死于
aware adj.知道;发觉;有……意识的
be aware f 意识到;知道be aware that...意识到……
awareness n.知道;意识;认识;兴趣 unaware adj.没意识到;未察觉;不知道
cncerned adj. 担心的;关切的
cncern vt. 涉及;让……担忧cncerning prep.关于
be cncerned abut 对……关切的;为……担忧的
as far cncerned 就……而言;关于
adapt vi. 适应 vt. 使适应;使适合
adaptatin n.适应adaptable adj.能适应的
adapt t 适应
adapt neself t (使)适应
measure n. 措施;方法 vt. 测量;度量;估量 vi.长(宽、高等)为
take measures 采取措施
sb’s measure 按照某人的尺寸做……
measurement n.测量
make ut (勉强)看出;辨认出;听出
make up 组成;化妆;构成;编造(故事);弥补
make up with sb 与……言归于好
make fr 向……移动;促成
make the mst f sth 充分利用
bserve vt. 观察(到);注视;遵守
bserve sb ding sth 注意某人在做某事
bserve traffic rules 遵守交通规则
bserve sb d sth 注意某人做了某事
bserve the festivals 庆祝节日
bservatin n. 观察;观测
attack n.,vi.& vt.攻击;抨击
under attack 遭到袭击
a heart attack 心脏病发作
make an attack n...对……发起攻击
recver vi.恢复;康复 vt.寻回;找回
recvery n.恢复;痊愈;改善;复苏;收回
recverable adj.可收回的;可重新获得的
uncver vt.揭开盖子;揭露
recver frm sth 从……中恢复过来
intend vi.& vt.打算;计划;想要
intend ding/t d sth 打算做某事
intend sb t d sth想要某人去做某事
intend that... 打算……
be intended fr... 为……打算(或设计)的
with the intentin f 有……的意图
exist vi. 存在;生存
existence n.存在 existing adj. 现存的;现有的
cme int existence/being 产生;存在
harmny n. 和谐;融洽
harmnius adj. 协调的;和谐的
(be) in harmny with...与……协调
(be) ut f harmny with... 与……不协调
threaten vt. 威胁;危及
threat n. 威胁 threatening adj. 恐吓的;威胁的threatened adj. 受到威胁的
threaten sb. with sth. 用某事威胁某人
threaten (sb.) t d sth 威胁某人做某事
due adj. 由于;因为; 到期的;预期的
due t 由于;因为
be due t d sth 预期做某事
lk up
(1) (在词典、参考书或通过电脑)查阅,检查 (2)抬头往上看 (3)（生意、某人情况等）好转，改善
归纳拓展：lk up t sb 钦佩;羡慕;尊敬 lk int sth 往里看;调查,审查
lk back n sth 回首(往事);回忆 lk dwn n sb 轻视;瞧不起
lk frward t (ding) sth 盼望(做)某事 lk n sb/sth as... 把……看作……
lk ut fr 当心;小心
identify vt. 认出;确认
identificatin n. 识别;鉴定;确
n.［C，U］身份 identity card（ID card）身份证 identity theft身份盗窃
(2)n.［U］（区别人或群体的）特性a sense f identity自我认同感
natinal/cultural/ scial identity民族/文化/社会认同
cnvenient
be cnvenient fr sb/sth 对某人/某事来说是方便的
It is cnvenient fr sb t d sth. 对某人来说做某事是方便的
A is cnvenient fr/t B A到B近
归纳拓展:(1)cnvenience n.方便;便利
at ne’s cnvenience 在某人方便的时候 fr (the sake f )cnvenience 为方便起见
(2)incnvenient adj.不方便的;不便利的 (3)incnvenience n.不方便;不便利
stuck adj.卡住；陷入
be/get stuck in …. 被卡在/被困在…. be/ get stuck n…. 被…难住…
归纳拓展:stick (stuck, stuck) vt&vi. 刺，插入；粘贴 vi. 卡住 n.[C]枝条；棍状物 stick t 坚持
benefit
(1)n. [U,C] 益处，优势
fr the benefit f sb = fr sb’s benefit 为了某人的利益 be f benefit t 对……有益
(2)vi. 得益于 vt. 使受益，对某人有用
benefit frm sth. 得益于某事 benefit sb. 使某人受益，对某人有用
归纳拓展: beneficial adj.有益的 be beneficial t 对……有益的
distance
(1)n. [C,U] 距离；[U] 遥远
in the distance 在远处 at/frm a distance 离一段距离；从远处
at/frm a distance f… 从…远的地方（f后跟具体的距离）
(2)n. [U,C] 冷淡，疏远 keep sb. at a distance 同某人疏远，与某人保持一定距离
归纳拓展: distant adj.遥远的；远亲的；冷淡的
be distant frm…. 离…远；与…不同
distantly adv.远地；冷淡地； distance n.距离；远方；遥远；疏远
inspire v.鼓励，鼓舞，激励
inspire sb t d sth鼓舞某人做某事 inspire sb with sth= inspire sth in sb 使某人产生某种情感
归纳拓展： (1)inspiratin n.[U]灵感；[C] 鼓舞人心的人或事物
inspiratin fr sth/t d sth 对于某物/做某事的灵感 an inspiratin t/fr sb激励某人的人或事物
(2)inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的 (3)inspired adj. 品质优秀的；借助于灵感创作的
access
(1)n. [U] （使用或见到的）机会，权利
have/get/gain access t …拥有…的机会；可以进入…give (sb) access t… 准许（某人）使用/见到….
(2)n. [U] 通道，通路，入径 access t+n. 通往….的路
(3)vt. 访问，存取（计算机文件）；到达，进入
归纳拓展：accessible adj. 可接近的，可使用的；容易理解的
be accessible t sb …..能为某人接近/使用 inaccessible adj. 难以达到的；不可得到的
cnfirm
cnfirmatin n.证实；确认书 cnfirmed adj.(仅用于名词前)坚定的；根深蒂固的
(1)vt. 证实，证明，确认
cnfirm that/wh- 从句…证实…… It is/has been cnfirmed that …据/已证实……;已确认……
(2)vt.使感觉更强烈，使确信
cnfirm sb in sth 使某人确信某事 cnfirm ne's belief/determinatin 坚定某人的信念/决心
(3) vt.批准(职位、协议等) cnfirm sb as …任命某人担任……
embarrassing adj.让人难堪(尴尬、害羞)的
(1)embarrass vt.使尴尬，使窘迫；使困惑，使为难
(2)embarrassed adj.尴尬的，窘迫的，害羞的
It embarrasses/embarrassed sb t d…做……使某人尴尬。
(3)embarrassment n.[U]窘迫，难堪；[C]困境；令人为难(或难堪、尴尬)的人
t ne's embarrassment 令某人难堪的是
be/feel embarrassed abut/at ...因……而尴尬/窘迫 be embarrassed t d sth 做某事尴尬/窘迫
upset
(1)adj.心烦的；苦恼的；沮丧的
be /feel/get upset abut/by/with sth 为某事感到不安/沮丧
It upset(s) sb t d sth/that ..…做某事让某人心烦/让某人心烦的是……
(2)vt. (upset, upset)使烦恼，使心烦意乱；打翻；打乱，搅乱；使(肠胃)不适
be upset that …因……而心烦/沮丧
keep/ bear (..…) in mind 将……记在心中；牢记；考虑
mind (sb/sb's) ding..…介意(某人)做…D/Wuld yu mind if.…?如果……你介意吗？
make up ne's mind 下定决心 change ne's mind 改变决定/看法/主意
归纳拓展: bring/call … t mind 想起/记起…… fix ne's mind n/upn… 把注意力集中在……
case (1)n.[C]容器，箱，盒，套
(2)n.［C]实例，事例，具体情况；[sing.]实情，事实
(just) in case 以防万一,以防
in case f … 如果/假使……
in n case决不(位于句首时用部分倒装结构)
in any case 无论如何,不管怎样
in sme/mst cases 在一些/大多数情况下
in this/that case假使这样/那样的话；既然这样/那样
as is ften the case 这是常有的事；正如经常发生的那样
It is ften the case (that)…通常情况是……
类别
作用
形式
关系代词/副词
例句
限制性
定语从句
是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉后主句意思不明确
紧跟于先行词后，无逗号
that/wh/whm/which/
whse/as
when/where/why
She is the girl wh wanted t see yu.
非限制性
定语从句
既可修饰先行词，也可修饰一个句子，是对先行词/句子的附加说明，去掉不会影响主句意思
用逗号与其修饰的句子/名词或代词隔开
不可用that引导，其他的关系代词和关系副词都可以使用且不可省略
Hangzhu ,which I visited last week, is a beautiful city.
1.Is this factry the ne (that )yu visited yesterday? (the ne作表语，that引导定语从句，修饰the ne)
Is this the factry (that/ which) yu visited yesterday? (that/which引导定语从句并作宾语，可省略)
2.The ld man has three sns , ne f whm is a teacher. (定语从句，用引导词whm)
The ld man has three sns, and ne f them is a teacher.(并列句，用代词them)
3.The news (that/ which) he tld us is true.(定语从句，引导词用that和which都可)
The news that ur team wn the game is true. (同位语从句，引导词只用that，不用which)
4.The dctr did all (that) he culd t save the by. （有先行词all，that引导定语从句）
The dctr did what he culd t save the by. (没有先行词，what引导宾语从句)
5.As is knwn t the wrld, Mark Twain was a famus writer. (as引导非限制性定语从句)
It is knwn t the wrld that Mark Twain was a famus writer. (it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语)
What is knwn t the wrld is that Mark Twain was a famus writer. (what引导主语从句)
6.Yu shuld leave things at the place where yu can find them again easily. (有先行词，where引导定语从句, 也可用at which)
Yu shuld leave things where yu can find them again easily. (没有先行词，where引导地点状语从句，不可用at which)
7.It was in this place that he was brn. (强调句)
This is the place where he was brn. (定语从句)
It was in the factry where he wrked that we met each ther tgether. (where引导定语从句，that构成强调句)
8.He is such a gd teacher /s gd a teacher as we all like. (as引导定语从句)
He is such a gd teacher /s gd a teacher that we all like him. （that引导结果状语从句）
9.This is the first time (that) I have cme t Beijing. (time表“次数”，从句引导词用that，也可省略)
There was a time when I didn’t like English. (time表“时间”，定语从句引导词用when)
10.The reasn why he didn’t cme yesterday is that he was ill. (why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句)