【寒假作业】人教版2019 高中英语 高一寒假巩固提升训练 专题08 新课学习必修第二册Unit5（语法学习&写作过关）-练习.zip

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过去分词（短语）作状语
过去分词（短语）作状语的语法意义:
语态方面:从语态上讲，过去分词(短语)作状语表示被动意义，即分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。
Encuraged by what the teacher said, the student decided t wrk even harder.
在老师的话的鼓励下，那名学生决定更加努力学习。
时间方面:过去分词(短语)表示被动动作的完成。
Seriusly injured, he had t be taken t the hspital. 由于伤势严重，他必须被送到医院。
二．过去分词（短语）作状语的基本用法:
1.过去分词(短语)作状语的功能及位置：
(1). 过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者(即过去分词表示的动作不是句子的主语发出的)，过去分词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
Built thirty years ag, the huse lks very beautiful.尽管这座房子是三十年前(被)建造的，但它看起来很漂亮。
(2). 过去分词(短语)作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。
Given anther hur(=If I am given anther hur), I can als wrk ut this prblem.如果再给我一个小时，我也能把这道题做出来。
2.过去分词(短语)作状语的种类:
(1). 作时间状语时，通常放在句首，可转换为when, while或 after等引导的状语从句。
Discussed many times (=After they were discussed many time), the prblems were settled at last. 多次讨论之后这些问题终于解决了。
(2). 作条件状语时，通常放在句首，可转换为 if, nce或 unless等引导的状语从句。
United, we stand; divided, we fall. = If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall.团结则存，分裂则亡。
. 作原因状语时，一般置于句首，可转换为as, since或 because等引导的状语从句。
Encuraged by the prgress he has made (= As he is encuraged by the prgress he has made), Tm wrks harder. 由于受到所取得的进步的鼓舞，汤姆更努力工作了。
(4). 作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末，可转换为 althugh, thugh或 even if等引导的状语从句。
Exhausted by the climb (=Althugh we were exhausted by the climb), we cntinued ur jurney.我们虽然爬得很累，但仍然继续我们的旅程。
(5). 作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首，如有连词as if，就可转换为as if引导的方式状语从句；若无连词，则可转换为并列结构。
The ld man gt n the bus, supprted by a girl. =The ld man gt n the bus and he was supprted by a girl. 在一位姑娘的扶下，那位老人上了公共汽车。
(6). 作伴随状语时，通常放在句末，一般可转换为并列结构。
Mrs Wu came in, fllwed by her daughter. =Mrs Wu came in and she was fllwed by her daughter.吴太太走了进来，后面跟着她的女儿。
三、过去分词（短语）作状语的注意事项:
1.过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，否则要用状语从句或独立主格结构(由名词/代词+过去分词构成)，有时也可用with复合结构。
(1). Given a chance, we can surprise the wrld. 若给我们一个机会，我们会令世界惊奇。
(2). Their hmewrk finished, the children went ut t play.
= When their hmewrk had been finished, the children went ut t play.
=With their hmewrk finished, the children went ut t play.他们的家庭作业完成后，孩子们就出去玩了。
2.过去分词作状语时，有时为了强调，可根据需要在其前面加上 while, when, befre, after, since, until, nce, thugh, althugh, unless, as if, as thugh, even if, even thugh等词或短语。
(1). Unless cnstantly repeated, the English wrds are easily frgtten.这些英语单词很容易被忘记，除非不断重复(记)
.When asked why she came here, the girl kept silent.当有人她为什么来这里时，那个女孩沉默不语。
3.有些过去分词(短语)来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有: injured(受伤的)、seated(坐下来的)、hidden(隐藏的)、lst/ absrbed in(沉浸于)、 dressed in(穿着)、tired f(厌烦)等。
Lst in thught, I didn’t hear the bell. 由于陷入沉思之中，我没有听到铃声。
拓展： Filled with team spirit, they act as a whle, always aiming fr glry.他们作为一个整体，充满团队精神，总是追求荣誉。
句式剖析:
Filled with team spirit， they act as a whle， always aiming fr glry.
过去分词短语作原因状语 句子的主干 现在分词短语作伴随状语
考点提炼：现在分词(短语)作伴随状语：
(1). 现在分词(短语)作伴随状语时，句子的主语就是分词(短语)所表示的动作的发出者;
(2). 现在分词(短语)所表示的动作是伴随着句子谓语动词所表示的动作而发生或存在的，是主语的另一个较次要的动作;
(3). 现在分词(短语)作伴随状语时通常位于句末，没有相应的状语从句可以转换，但它可以转换成相应的并列句。
①. The children ran ut f the rm, laughing and talking merrily. 孩子们跑出房间，偷快地谈笑着。
②. She came int the huse, carrying a lt f bks. (=She came int the huse and carried a lt f bks.) 她拿着许多书走进了房间。
③. He lay n the grass, staring at the sky fr a lng time. (=He lay n the grass and stared at the sky fr a lng time.) 他躺在草地上，长时间地凝视着天空。
4. 过去分词与现在分词做状语的区别：
Seen frm the hill, the city lks like a big garden. 从山上看，这座城市就像座大花园。
(see与句子的主语the city之间是逻辑上的动宾关系)
Seeing frm the hill, yu will find the city lks like a big garden.
从山上看，你会发现这座城市就像一座大花园。(see与句子的主语yu之间是逻辑上的主谓关系)
注意: 过去分词与现在分词的完成被动式( having been dne)作状语时，都具有被动意义，有时可以互换，但是”having been dne”结构强调动作先于句子的谓语动词所表示的动作。
Shwn arund the lab, we were taken t see the library.
= Having been shwn arund the lab, we were taken t see the library.参观了实验室之后，我们又被带去参观图书馆。
随堂练习
一．单句语法填空
①I was t (tire)t walk any further.
②When he heard the stry，he was deeply ．(mve)
③Tm was mre (surprise)than (disappint)at this news.
二．用过去分词短语改写下列句子
①Althugh we were exhausted by the climb，we cntinued ur jurney.
→ ，we cntinued ur jurney.
②She was dressed in white and suddenly appeared.
→ ，she suddenly appeared.
③Aunt Wu came in and she was fllwed by her daughter.
→Aunt Wu came in， ．
三.单句语法填空
1．Bth he and I are (satisfy)with the result.
2．She accepted the gift，deeply (mve).
3．We went t the cinema， (fill)with excitement.
4．Once (pur)，water cannt be taken back.
5． (see)thse pictures，he culdn't help thinking f thse days in his hmetwn.
6．The news was and they were all at it.(excite)
7．We all felt at the news.(encurage)
8．Generally speaking，when (take)accrding t the directins，the drug has n side effect.
9．When (ask)abut the secret f his success，the famus athlete said that he wes much f his success and happiness t his wife and children.
10．Clearly and thughtfully (write)，the bk inspires cnfidence in students wh wish t seek their wn answers.
四.短文语法填空
Sng qingling 1. (bear)n 27th January 1893 in Shanghai，ne f the greatest 2. (leader)f China，was a well­knwn stateswman.When she was yung，she was much 3. (cncern)abut the future f China.4. (late)she tk part in many activities t fight fr the freedm f Chinese peple.5. the fundatin f the PRC，she was 6. (cmplete)devted t the 7. (develp)f new China and played an imprtant part in many activities.
On 8th May 1981，she died in Beijing at the age f 88，8. brught great srrw t the Chinese peple.9. (hnr)as ne f the greatest wmen f the 20th century，she 10. (remember)by the Chinese peple frever.
演讲稿
本单元的写作项目属于新课标中应用体类别中的“演讲稿”。演讲稿分为欢迎/送辞和宣讲辞两种。前者属于在正式场合接待或欢送客人时，主人为了表达欢迎、感谢或祝愿而进行的发言。后者属于向听众讲述一些道理，希望对方接受自己的见解。演讲稿语言一定要准确简明、通俗易懂、层次清楚、条理分明。
[基本框架]
英语演讲稿通常包括三部分。
1．开头称呼语。最常用的是Ladies and gentlemen.也可根据不同情况，选用Fellw students，Distinguished guests，Mr. Chairman，Hnrable Judges(评委)等。
2．中间部分：①明确演讲主题→②分析问题，展开论述→③提出解决方法或期待。
3．结尾。结尾要简洁，最普通的结尾就是：Thank yu very much fr yur listening.
注意事项：
1．要注意演讲的对象，选用合适的称呼语。
2．提出论题，观点要鲜明。
3．结构要清晰，注意层次、节奏和衔接。
4．结束语结论言简意赅，简洁有力。
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．Ladies and gentlemen(Dear teachers and schlmates)，I'm Li Ming.I'm greatly hnured t speak here n behalf f my schl.I'm ging t talk abut...
女士们、先生们(敬爱的老师，亲爱的同学们)，我是李明。很荣幸在此代表我的学校做演讲。我要谈论的是……
2．Gd mrning/afternn/evening everybdy！Thank yu fr being n time/making the effrt t cme tday.
大家上午/下午/晚上好！感谢你们今天能按时/尽力到来。
3．Thank yu fr giving me the pprtunity t make a speech abut...感谢大家给我这个机会谈一谈……
4．It is a great hnur t be here and t share with yu...很荣幸在这里跟大家一起分享……
5．I am hnured t be here n such a special ccasin.我很荣幸在这个特别的时刻来到这里。
6．Tday，I feel hnured t intrduce...今天我很荣幸地(为大家)介绍……
★正文佳句
1．Tday's tpic is...今天要谈论的话题是……
2．Tday we are here t talk abut...今天我们在此要谈论的是……
3．I'm ging t talk abut smething that is vitally imprtant t all f us.我要谈的事情对我们大家都至关重要。
4．We all ught t be aware f the fllwing pints.我们大家都应明确以下几点。
★余味结尾
1．I hpe I have made myself understd.我希望我已经非常清楚地表达了我的意思。
2．I hpe yu have fund this useful.我希望你们能觉得这对你们有用。
3．I believe the future prmising thrugh the effrts f us all.我相信，通过我们大家的共同努力，……前途光明。
4．Just as the saying ges，“Individuals tgether can make quite a difference.”I'm greatly cnvinced that the wrld will be a mre harmnius ne(it will be a great success)thrugh the jint effrts f all f us.
正如俗话所说，“众人拾柴火焰高。”我深信，通过我们大家的共同努力，世界会更加和谐(此事会圆满成功)。
5．That's all.Thank yu fr yur listening.我的演讲到此结束。感谢大家的倾听。
练习1
假设你是新华中学的李华，将参加主题为“Let's Ride Bicycles”的英语演讲比赛。请你就此主题写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1．汽车带来的空气污染和交通拥堵等问题； 2．骑自行车的益处，如节能环保、有利健康等。
Gd mrning, everyne,
I'm Li Hua, frm Xinhua Middle Schl. . “Let's Ride Bicycles”．
, peple's living standards, cars have becme
transprt, ur life. Hwever, they have als caused sme prblems, air pllutin and traffic jams. Hw can we slve the prblems?
, riding bicycles is . , bicycles dn't need any petrl and they are energy-saving. , bicycles are envirnmentally friendly because they dn't waste gas（释放废气）. , riding bicycles is exercise
and ur health. , let's build a lw-carbn city by riding bicycles. Cme n and jin us.
That's all. Thank yu
练习2
假如你是学生李华，在英语课上你打算向全班同学介绍音乐在日常生活中的重要性，请你用英语写一篇演讲稿，内容包括以下几个方面：
1．音乐可以消除疲劳、缓解压力；
2．音乐可以陶冶情操；
3．音乐可以使人更有创造力。
注意：1.词数80左右；2．不可以逐字翻译；3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。







词句精练
一．单句语法填空
1. Nervusly _____________(face) challenges, I knw I will whisper t myself the tw simple wrds “Be yurself”.
2. Ordinary sap, ___________ (use) crrectly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
3. ___________(rder) ver a week ag, the bks are expected t arrive any time nw.
4. ____________(raise) in the prest area f Glasgw, he had a lng, hard rad t becming a ftball star.
5. Clearly and thughtfully __________(write), the bk inspires cnfidence in students wh wish t seek their wn answers.
6. When _____________(ask) fr his views abut his teaching jb, Philip said he fund it very interesting and rewarding.
7. Children, when __________(accmpany) by their parents, are allwed t enter the stadium.
8. The test_____________(finish), we began ur summer hliday.
9. when ____________(ffer) help, ne ften says “Thank yu” r “It’s kind f yu”.
10. ___________(give) anther chance, I am sure I will d the jb much better.
二、语法填空
Beijing Opera 1.__________(cnsider)as a natinal treasure in China, which 2.__________(date )back t ver 200 years ag. The early Qing Dynasty saw the great 3.___________ (develp) f it. Emperr Qianlng f the Qing Dynasty had 4.____________ interest in the lcal pera. 5.____________ (celebrate) his eightieth birthday, he asked pera trupes(戏班)6._________ different places t perfrm fr him in Bejing, s the fur big Huiban Opera Trupes entered the capital. 7.__________ (gradual), they cmbined with Kunqu Opera, Qinqiang Opera and Handia Opera t frm the present Beijing Opera.
Beijing Opera is a frm f traditinal Chinese theatre 8.___________ cmbines music, perfrmances and dance. Many audiences frm different 9._________(cuntry )think that it is the 10.__________(large )and mst influential kind f pera in China and the influence is incmparable.
能力提升
一.语法填空
Peple have all turned t sad music t make 1.________ (they) feel better at sme pint in their lives, but why des the music with duble sadness help drag peple ut f lw spirits?
A new study thrws light n what's ging n inside peple's brains when they match their music t their feelings, and it lks as if sad music can be enjyable, rather than 2.________ (simple) depressing. Music f this srt can aruse psitive memries in peple's life, thus 3.________ (lift) their md.
Psychlgist Adrian Nrth frm Curtin University in Australia says 4.________ exist tw grups f pssible explanatins fr why peple enjy listening 5.________ sad music—ne frm scial psychlgy (心理学), and the ther frm cgnitive neurscience (神经学)．
In terms f scial psychlgy, ne idea abut this is that peple will feel 6.________ (gd) abut themselves if they fcus n smene wh's ding even wrse. Everything's ging t be kay, because this persn is having 7.________ even wrse day than they are.
Anther idea frm scial psychlgy is that peple like t listen t the very music 8.________ shws their present life circumstances, because this kind f music makes them feel they are understd. With their emtins 9.________ (share), they definitely get a certain amunt f cmfrt.
S sad music des cheer peple up, and it 10.________ (wrk) far better than happy music, in mst cases.
二．阅读理解
The 2018 Wrld Cup was held in Russia. While mst sccer fans were enjying the actin frm hme, this pair f Clmbia natinal ftball team supprters were attracting public eyes fr hw they tk part in the game.
A vide f Daza celebrating Clmbia’s victry ver Pland with his friend Galleg has been ppular nline. Galleg lst bth his sight and his hearing at nine because f an uncmmn disease which ften leads t ttal lss f sight and hearing.
Frtunately, Galleg has a friend called Daza. The tw men met a few years ag and instantly bnded ver their lve f the sprt. Bth enthusiastic Clmbia natinal ftball team supprters, they began attending matches tgether. Daza taught himself sign language and they develped a series f hand gestures s that Daza culd cmmunicate with Galleg during games.
Eventually, Daza created a bard that imitated the layut f a sccer field. With signals fr things like “ffside” calls, fuls(犯规)and red cards, Daza created a way fr Galleg t fllw alng with the field f play by mving Galleg’s hands acrss the sccer bard.
They gained media attentin last year,but a mre recent vide f the pair supprting their hme team in a grup stage match against Pland at the Wrld Cup has fficially becme ppular.
In the vide, Daza is guiding Galleg’s hands acrss the sccer bard as the actin plays ut n the field. As the team scres their first gal,Daza quickly guides Galleg’s hands acrss the sccer bard,stpping when he reaches the ppsing team’s net. Frm there, the celebratin begins. Thugh Galleg can’t see r hear, a hug frm his friend is enugh fr him t realize his team is n their way t victry.
1.Daza and Galleg gained wide attentin because they .
A.used a special way in celebratin f victry
B.went t Russia t watch the 2018 Wrld Cup
C.experienced the 2018 Wrld Cup in a unique way
D.were in firm supprt f Clmbia natinal ftball team
2.What resulted in Galleg’s blindness and deafness?
A.A birth fault. B.Pr living cnditins.
C.A serius accident. D.A rare disease.
3.What can be knwn abut Daza and Galleg frm Paragraph 3?
A.They studied sign language tgether.
B.Their friendship started with ftball.
C.They knew each ther when they were children.
D.Their cmmn interest is develping hand gestures.
4.Hw can Galleg knw his team is winning?
A.Frm Daza’s hug. B.Frm Daza’s facial expressins.
C.Frm Daza’s quick hand mvements.D.Frm the ppsing team’s brken net.
目录
语法导航：学习语法知识
写作过关：考点快速记忆
小试牛刀：词句精练+能力提升
语法
逻辑关系
时间概念
过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动
过去分词所表示的动作往往发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或存在
现在分词作状语
现在分词的一般式( ding)和完成式( having dne)作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动
现在分词的一般式( ding)表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生；现在分词的完成式( having dne)表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前