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NASA will crash a spacecraft int an asterid (小行星) t try t change its rbit, attempting t prevent humans ging the same way as the dinsaurs.

Earth is cnstantly being disturbed by small pieces f debris (碎片), but they usually burn up r break up lng befre they hit the grund. Once in a while, hwever, smething large enugh t d significant damage makes impact. Abut 66 millin years ag, ne such crash is thught t have wiped ut the dinsaurs. Smeday, smething similar culd end human beings—unless we can find a way t tackle it.
NASA’s Duble Asterid Redirectin Test (Dart) missin is the first attempt t test if such asterid redirectin is a realistic strategy: investigating whether a spacecraft can autnmusly reach a target asterid and intentinally crash int it, as well as measuring the amunt f redirectin. “If it wrks, it wuld be a big deal, because it wuld prve that we have the technical capability f prtecting urselves,” said Jay Tate, the directr f the Natinal Near Earth Object Infrmatin Center.
The 610kg Dart spacecraft is scheduled t be launched at the target—the Didyms system—a harmless pair f asterids cnsisting f a 163-metre “mnlet” asterid called Dimrphs that rbits a larger 780-metre asterid called Didyms (Greek fr “twin”). The plan is t crash the spacecraft int Dimrphs when the asterid system is at its clsest t Earth—abut 6.8 millin miles away.
Abut 10 days befre impact, a miniaturized satellite called LiciaCube will separate frm the main spacecraft, enabling images f the impact t be relayed back t Earth. Cmbined with bservatins frm grund-based telescpes, and an nbard camera that will recrd the final mments befre the crash, these recrdings will enable scientists t calculate the degree t which the impact has changed Dimrphs’s rbit. The expectatin is that it will change the speed f the smaller asterid by apprximately 1% and reduce its rbit arund the larger asterid.
Then. in Nvember 2024, the Eurpean Space Agency’s Hera spacecraft will visit the Didyms system and cnduct a further clse-up analysis f the cnsequences f this snker (斯诺克) game, recrding details such as the precise makeup and internal structure f Dimrphs, and the size and shape f the hle left by Dart. Such details are vital fr transfrming asterid redirectin int a repeatable technique.
Even then, it is impssible that any single redirectin strategy wuld be enugh. “The prblem is that n tw asterids r cmets are alike, and hw yu redirect ne depends n a huge number f variables. There is n silver bullet in this game. What yu need is a whle flder f different redirectin methds fr different types f targets,” said Tate.
S, while this may be ne small step twards planetary prtectin, many mre are likely t be necessary t avid destructin.
22. What is the purpse f Paragraph 2?
A. T explain the necessity f launching a spacecraft.
B. T examine the impact f dinsaurs’ extinctin.
C. T highlight the crisis threatening human beings at present.
D. T shw the damage caused by small pieces f debris.
23. Which f the fllwing pictures illustrates the missin?
A. B.
C. D.
24. What is the functin f LiciaCube?
A. Helping the satellite separate frm the spacecraft.
B. Recrding the scientists’ grund-based bservatins.
C. Sending impact data back t Earth.
D. Calculating the length f Dimrphs’s rbit.
25. What des the underlined sentence “There is n silver bullet in this game” mean?
A. There is n pssibility t satisfy NASA’s needs.
B. There is n challenge t big t vercme.
C. There is n strategy t help make an bvius decisin.
D. There is n single slutin t the cmplex prblem.
【答案】22. A 23. C 24. C 25. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国宇航局将让一艘航天器撞击一颗小行星，试图改变它的轨道，阻止人类毁灭。
22推理判断题。由第二段“Earth is cnstantly being disturbed by small pieces f debris (碎片), but they usually burn up r break up lng befre they hit the grund. Once in a while, hwever, smething large enugh t d significant damage makes impact. Abut 66 millin years ag, ne such crash is thught t have wiped ut the dinsaurs. Smeday, smething similar culd end human beings—unless we can find a way t tackle it. (地球经常被小碎片所扰动，但它们通常在落地前很久就烧毁或碎裂了。然而，有时候，大到足以造成重大损害的东西会造成撞击。大约6600万年前，一次这样的撞击被认为消灭了恐龙。总有一天，类似的东西会毁灭人类，除非我们能找到解决的办法)”可知第二段主要介绍了地球可能会被太空其它物体（如小行星）撞击而导致人类毁灭的后果，结合第一段“NASA will crash a spacecraft int an asterid (小行星) t try t change its rbit, attempting t prevent humans ging the same way as the dinsaurs. (美国宇航局将让一艘航天器撞击一颗小行星，试图改变它的轨道，阻止人类毁灭)”可知，地球可能会被太空其它物体（如小行星）撞击而导致人类毁灭的后果，所以美国宇航局试图改变它的轨道，试图阻止人类重蹈恐龙的覆辙。由此可推知，第二段的目的是解释美国宇航局Dart任务的必要性。故选A项。
23细节理解题。由第四段“The 610kg Dart spacecraft is scheduled t be launched at the target—the Didyms system—a harmless pair f asterids cnsisting f a 163-metre “mnlet” asterid called Dimrphs that rbits a larger 780-metre asterid called Didyms (Greek fr “twin”). The plan is t crash the spacecraft int Dimrphs when the asterid system is at its clsest t Earth—abut 6.8 millin miles away. (重达610千克的Dart航天器计划发射到目标Didyms小行星，这是一对无害的小行星，被称作Dimrphs的163米直径的小行星，围绕一个直径更大、被称为 Didyms（希腊语“双胞胎”）的780米小行星运转。计划是在小行星系统离地球最近的地方——大约680万英里外——让航天器撞上Dimrphs)”可知，小行星Dimrphs绕着小行星Didyms运转，此riginal rbit (原始轨道)更大；让Dart航天器在小行星系统离地球最近的地方撞上Dimrphs，会产生new rbit(新的轨道)；结合图形，C项图形表明中间为小行星Didyms，较小的是小行星Dimrphs，二者有riginal rbit (原始轨道)，航天器在小行星系统离地球最近的地方撞上小行星Dimrphs，产生new rbit(新的轨道)。故选C项。
24细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中的“Abut 10 days befre impact, a miniaturized satellite called LiciaCube will separate frm the main spacecraft, enabling images f the impact t be relayed back t Earth. (在撞击前大约10天，一颗名为LiciaCube 的小型卫星将与主航天器分离，使撞击图像能够传回地球)”可知，LiciaCube的功能是将撞击数据发送回地球。故选C项。
25词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段划线句前后“The prblem is that n tw asterids r cmets are alike, and hw yu redirect ne depends n a huge number f variables. (问题是，没有两颗小行星或彗星是一样的，你如何重新定向一颗小行星或彗星取决于很多变量)”和“What yu need is a whle flder f different redirectin methds fr different types f targets (你需要的是一整套不同类型目标的重新定向方法)”可知，重新定向一颗小行星或彗星取决于很多变量，需要一整套不同类型目标的重新定向方法，所以解决方案并不是单一的，由此可知划线句意为“这个复杂的问题没有单一的解决方案”。故选D项。
二
D
D the endless stream f messages and the thught f replying t unpened texts give yu anxiety? Can the grup chat feel s verwhelming that yu want t thrw yur phne ut f the windw? Texting anxiety is a real thing, and mre cmmn than yu’d think.
In the last 25 years, texting has changed the way we cmmunicate greatly. And many wuld argue, nt fr the better. The average persn in 2022 checks their phne 262 times a day, up frm a daily average f 80 in 2016. Overwhelmed, many end up cnsciusly r uncnsciusly pting ut, stpping respnding t lved nes and friends. Unfrtunately, nt everyne will be understanding.
Leah Aguirre, a psychtherapist explains that text cnversatins are usually a surce f anxiety as they cme with a lt f uncertainty. “We can’t predict hw smene will respnd, if they will respnd, r hw quickly they will respnd. We can’t cntrl ther peple’s actins r behavir r hw they think and interpret (解读) things, and fr peple that are already prne t anxiety this can be hard t cpe with.”
Aguirre says this is reflected in a physical reactin, tightness in the chest, tensins, r increased heart rate. Yu als may feel a little mre n edge r shrt with thers, cmpulsively check yur phne r have bsessive and intrusive thughts abut the text cnversatin. Simply hearing a ntificatin (通知), if ur phne is ut f reach, causes the brain chemicals assciated with stress t spike.
As well as the persnal effects, text anxiety can put a strain n yur relatinships with friends and lved nes. A 2018 study fund that rmantic partnerships and friendships are far mre successful when yu and the ther persn have a similar texting style. If bth parties are quick respnders, the relatinship is less likely t hit the rcks. Similarly, if all parties are happy t g hurs, days, even weeks between respnses, then everyne is happy.
Establishing a texting schedule with peple yu interact with frequently is ne way f reducing sme f the stress if yu have different texting styles. Aguirre suggests limiting the amunt f time yu are n yur phne als helps with the anxiety. “By cancelling r reducing hw much cntact yu have with the surce f anxiety, yu’ll feel sme relief,” she says.
“Yu can give yurself a pep talk, tell yurself that yu are kay and that yu have n cntrl ver anther persn’s respnse r behavir. Remind yurself that this is just a phne r a text message and that, big picture, yu are kay and will be kay.”
36. The purpse f Paragraph 2 is t .
A. demnstrate the level f texting anxiety
B. stress the imprtance f cmmunicatin
C. analyze the cause f trubled relatinships
D. intrduce the increasing use f cell phnes
37. What des the underlined phrase “n edge” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. Frightened.B. Interested.C. Excited.D. Nervus.
38. What can we infer frm the passage?
A. Putting phnes n “silence” mde increases anxiety.
B. We shuld ask ur partners t change their texting styles.
C. Creating a texting plan with thers helps reduce text anxiety.
D. Texting anxiety is ften caused by the time taken t answer the texts.
39. What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. A texting schedule: The final way ut
B. Texting anxiety: Prblems and slutins
C. Text cnversatins: Strengths and weaknesses
D. A new perspective: Hw much texting is t much
【答案】36. A 37. D 38. C 39. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了手机带来的信息焦虑的危害及如何缓解这种焦虑。
36推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Texting anxiety is a real thing, and mre cmmn than yu’d think. (手机信息焦虑确实存在，并且比你想象的普遍)”可知，信息焦虑是一件普遍的事情。根据第二段中的“The average persn in 2022 checks their phne 262 times a day, up frm a daily average f 80 in 2016. Overwhelmed, many end up cnsciusly r uncnsciusly pting ut, stpping respnding t lved nes and friends. (2022年，人均每天查看手机262次，而2016年的频率只有80次。很多人应接不暇，最终有意或无意地选择不回复亲友)”可知，人们对手机的依赖程度越来越高，导致更大程度的焦虑，并选择开始无视手机信息。由此推知，第二段的目的是为了更具体的说明手机信息焦虑的程度。故选A项。
37词句猜测题。根据划线词组上文“Aguirre says this is reflected in a physical reactin, tightness in the chest, tensins, r increased heart rate.(Aguirre表示，这种焦虑会体现在身体的反应中，胸部紧绷，紧张或是心率加快)”说明这种焦虑会导致紧张的情绪。由此推知，划线词组n edge是“紧张的”意思。故选D项。
38细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Establishing a texting schedule with peple yu interact with frequently is ne way f reducing sme f the stress if yu have different texting styles.(如果你和经常联系的人有着不同的发消息习惯，可以与他们建立一个消息时间表，这是减轻压力的途径之一)”可知，制定一个消息时间表有助于减轻压力。故选C项。
39主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句“Aguirre says this is reflected in a physical reactin, tightness in the chest, tensins, r increased heart rate. (Aguirre表示，这种焦虑会体现在身体的反应中，胸部紧绷，紧张或是心率加快)”及第五段第一句“As well as the persnal effects, text anxiety can put a strain n yur relatinships with friends and lved nes. (信息焦虑不仅会对个人产生影响，也会给你与亲友的关系带来负面影响)”可知，信息焦虑有很多弊端；最后两段中的“Establishing a texting schedule (建立消息时间表)”，“limiting the amunt f time(限制时间)”和“Yu can give yurself a pep talk(给自己打气)”等则给出了具体的解决方法。由此可知，本篇主要说明的是信息焦虑带来的问题及解决办法。Texting anxiety: Prblems and slutins(信息焦虑：问题和解决方案)适合作本文最佳标题。故选B项。
三
D
Wild animals seem t have escaped the Indian Ocean tsunami (海啸), adding weight t the idea that they pssess a “sixth sense” fr disasters, experts said n Thursday. Sri Lanka wildlife fficials have said the giant waves that killed ver 24,000 peple alng the Indian Ocean Island’s cast seemingly missed wild beasts, with n dead animals fund.
“N elephants are dead, nt even a dead hare r rabbit. I think animals can sense disaster. They have a sixth sense. They knw when things are happening,” H.D. Ratnayake, deputy directr f Sri Lanka’s Wildlife Department said n Wednesday.
The waves washed fldwaters up t 3 km (2 miles) inland at Yala Natinal Park in the sutheast, Sri Lanka’s biggest wildlife reserve (自然保护区) and hme t hundreds f wild elephants. “There has been a lt f evidence abut dgs barking r birds migrating befre vlcanic eruptins r earthquakes. But it has nt been prved,” said Matthew van Lierp, an animal behaviur specialist at Jhannesburg Z. “There have been n specific studies because yu can’t really test it in a lab r field setting,” he said. Other authrities agreed with this cnclusin. “Wildlife seems t be able t pick up certain phenmenn, especially birds. There are many reprts f birds detecting cming disasters,” said Clive Walker, wh has written several bks n African wildlife.
Animals certainly rely n the knwn senses such as smell r hearing t avid danger such as predatrs (食肉动物). The idea f an animal’s “sixth sense” is a lasting ne that the evidence n Sri Lanka’s damaged cast is likely t add t.
12. This passage is mainly abut _____.
A. the damage that was caused in the Indian Ocean tsunami
B. why animals can save themselves frm natural disasters
C. hw t prtect the wildlife when disaster happens
D. the different pinins abut animals’ natural pwer
13. Which f the fllwing is true accrding t the passage?
A. It has been prved that animals have a sixth sense.
B. Research has been made n the special mvements f animals befre disasters.
C. It’s generally cnsidered that animals can sense the cming f disasters.
D. It can be tested that animals have the knwn sense t escape frm the disasters.
14. What des the term “sixth sense” in the passage mean?
A. It is the natural ability f animals that can’t save them frm danger.
B. It is the animal’s imaginatin in the brain.
C. It is sme hidden pwer t say in advance that smething will happen.
D. It is a kind f sense that is the same as smell r hearing.
15. Which sectin des the passage mst prbably appear in a newspaper?
A. Entertainment.B. Discvery.C. Future.D. Culture.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. C 15. B
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述为什么动物可以从自然灾害中拯救自己。
12主旨大意题。根据第一段“Wild animals seem t have escaped the Indian Ocean tsunami (海啸), adding weight t the idea that they pssess a “sixth sense” fr disasters, experts said n Thursday. ( 专家于本周四称，野生动物似乎躲过了印度洋海啸的袭击，这进一步证实了动物对灾难有“第六感”的说法。)”和最后一段“Animals certainly rely n the knwn senses such as smell r hearing t avid danger such as predatrs (食肉动物). The idea f an animal’s “sixth sense” is a lasting ne that the evidence n Sri Lanka’s damaged cast is likely t add t. (动物当然依靠已知的感官，如嗅觉或听觉来避免危险，如捕食者。动物有“第六感”的观点是一个持久的观点，斯里兰卡受损海岸的证据可能会进一步证明这一点。)” 可知全文都在围绕着“动物逃脱了海啸，是否真的有第六感”展开，所以文章主要讲述为什么动物可以从自然灾害中拯救自己。故选B。
13细节理解题。根据第三段““There has been a lt f evidence abut dgs barking r birds migrating befre vlcanic eruptins r earthquakes. But it has nt been prved,” said Matthew van Lierp, an animal behaviur specialist at Jhannesburg Z. “There have been n specific studies because yu can’t really test it in a lab r field setting,” he said. Other authrities agreed with this cnclusin. “Wildlife seems t be able t pick up certain phenmenn, especially birds. There are many reprts f birds detecting cming disasters,” said Clive Walker, wh has written several bks n African wildlife. (“有很多证据表明，在火山爆发或地震之前，狗会叫，鸟会迁徙。但这还没有得到证实，”约翰内斯堡动物园的动物行为专家马修·范·利厄普说。他说：“目前还没有具体的研究，因为你无法在实验室或实地环境中进行真正的测试。”其他权威人士也同意这一结论。“野生动物似乎能够捕捉到某些现象，尤其是鸟类。有许多关于鸟类探测即将到来的灾难的报道，”克莱夫·沃克说，他写了几本关于非洲野生动物的书。)”可知人们普遍认为动物能感觉到灾难的来临，可知C选项正确，其他不符合文意，故选C。
14词义猜测题。根据第二段““N elephants are dead, nt even a dead hare r rabbit. I think animals can sense disaster. They have a sixth sense. They knw when things are happening,” H.D. Ratnayake, deputy directr f Sri Lanka’s Wildlife Department said n Wednesday. (“没有大象是死的，甚至没有一只死野兔或兔子。我认为动物可以感知灾难。他们有第六感。他们知道什么时候事情会发生，”斯里兰卡野生动物部门副主任H.D. Ratnayake周三说。)”和常识可知第六感是一种隐藏的力量，可以提前预知某事将会发生，故选C。
15推理判断题。文章主要讲述了印度洋海啸目前已造成成千上万人的丧生，而动物却能幸免，人们认为这得益于动物的“第六感”。由此可知，此文可能是在报纸的“发现”版面上出现，故选B。
四
D
The Furth f July is an imprtant day fr the Quad Cities River Bandits, a Minr League Baseball team. Thusands f fans crwd int Mdern Wdmen Park in Davenprt, lwa, t cheer n the hme team and watch firewrks. But it was a bit different in 2014, says Chesser, the Bandits' manager, when the baseball stadium was rurned int an island in the middle f the Mississippi River. Fans had t crss the fldwaters n a mvable bridge t reach the stadium.
Davenprt is the nly majr city n the upper Mississippi River withut fld walls t hld back the river. Instead f building a barrier(障碍)between the river and nearby hmes and businesses. Davenprt designed its dwntwn t be fldable lining the city's nine miles f riverfrnt (滨河地区) with parks, bike tracks, parking lts, and a very wet baseball stadium.
Lcal leadership says thin methd has cme with sme ecnmic benefits. Building a wall wuld be expensive, ptentially csting mre than present fld cleanups. “When the river cmes up, and that happens every year nw, we let it take its wn curse. There is nthing really in there that culd be damaged,” says frmer Davenprt mayr Bill Gluba.
Davenprt’s methd des cme at a cst. “When we have a fld, we put ff ther imprtant services.” says Public Wrks Directr Nicle Gleasn,” We press a stp buttn n everything that's scheduled.”
Despite cmplaints (抱怨) abut slw rad repair, the Davenprt cmmunity realizes what it has gained with the public green space. Lcals enjy frequent citywide events, frm festivals and cncerts n the riverfrnt t an annual Father's Day bike ride.
Fr residents like Bandits' manager Chesser, the many beautiful days at the riverfrnt mre than make up fr the day when flding spreads int the city. “I can't cmplain if five days a year Mther Nature decides t thrw us a curveball.” he says.
12. Why des the writer mentin “The baseball stadium” In Paragraph 1?
A. T intrduce the tpic.B. T draw a cnclusin.
C. T analyze the prblem.D. T explain an idea.
13. What's special abut Davenprt's fld-preventin methd?
A. It designed in fldable riverfrnt.
B. It blcked away the fld effectively.
C. It used valuable land t build fld walls.
D. It spent much mre than the traditinal way.
14. Which statement will the lcals prbably agree with?
A. The city's fld methd is shrt-sighted
B. The benefits can make up fr fld influence.
C. The lcals' life is hardly affected by the fld
D. The speed f rad repair is extremely fast after fld.
15. Which can be a suitable title fr the text
A. Walling Up the City t FldB. Davenprt's Peace with the Fld
C. A Mdel fr Cities' Fld ManagementD. A Cmmn Methd fr Mississippi's Fld
【答案】12. A 13. A 14. B 15. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了达文波特发生洪水时，政府推迟了其他重要的服务，但与此同时，达文波特当地人经常享受全市范围内的活动，从河边的节日和音乐会到一年一度的父亲节自行车骑行。
12推理判断题。根据第一段“The Furth f July is an imprtant day fr the Quad Cities River Bandits, a Minr League Baseball team. Thusands f fans crwd int Mdem Wdmen Park in Davenprt, lwa, t cheer n the hme team and watch firewrks. But it was a bit different in 2014, says Chesser, the Bandits' manager, when the baseball stadium was tuned int an island in the middle f the Mississippi River. Fans had t crss the fldwaters n a mvable bridge t reach the stadium.”（7月4日对于小联盟棒球队Quad Cities River Bandits来说是一个重要的日子。成千上万的球迷涌入爱荷华州达文波特的Mdem Wdmen公园，为主队加油，观看烟花表演。但在2014年，情况有点不同，Bandits的经理切塞尔说，当时棒球场变成了密西西比河中间的一座岛屿。球迷们必须在一座可移动的桥上渡过洪水才能到达体育场。）可推知，作者在第一段中提到“棒球场”是为了介绍主题。故选A项。
13细节理解题。根据第二段中“Davenprt designed its dwntwn t be fldable, lining the city's nine miles f riverfrnt with parks, bike tracks, parking lts, and a very wet baseball stadium.”（达文波特将市中心设计成可淹的，在城市9英里的河滨上排列着公园、自行车道、停车场和一个非常潮湿的棒球场。）可知，达文波特的防洪方法的特别之处是它设计在可泛滥的河边。故选A项。
14推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Lcals enjy frequent citywide events, frm festivals and cncerts n the riverfrnt t an annual Father's Day bike ride.”（当地人经常享受全市范围内的活动，从河边的节日和音乐会到一年一度的父亲节自行车骑行。）以及最后一段中“Fr residents like Bandits' manager Chesser, the many beautiful days at the riverfrnt mre than make up fr the day when flding spreads int the city.”（对于像Bandits的经理切塞尔这样的居民来说，在河边度过的许多美好时光足以弥补洪水蔓延到城市的那一天。）可推知，当地人可能会同意的说法是这些好处可以弥补洪水的影响。故选B项。
15主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第四段“Davenprt’s methd des cme at a cst. “When we have a fld, we put ff ther imprtant services.” says Public Wrks Directr Nicle Gleasn,” We press a stp buttn n everything that's scheduled.””（达文波特的方法是有代价的。“当我们发生洪水时，我们推迟了其他重要的服务。公共工程总监妮可·格里森(Nicle Gleasn)说，“我们对所有安排好的事情都按下了停止按钮。”）和倒数第二段“Despite cmplaints abut slw rad repair, the Davenprt cmmunity realizes what it has gained with the public green space. Lcals enjy frequent citywide events, frm festivals and cncerts n the riverfrnt t an annual Father's Day bike ride.”（尽管人们抱怨道路修复缓慢，达文波特社区意识到他们从公共绿地中获得了什么。当地人经常享受全市范围内的活动，从河边的节日和音乐会到一年一度的父亲节自行车骑行。）可知，文章主要讲的是达文波特发生洪水时，政府推迟了其他重要的服务，但与此同时，达文波特当地人经常享受全市范围内的活动，从河边的节日和音乐会到一年一度的父亲节自行车骑行。可推知，文章最好的标题是“达文波特与洪水的和平共处”。故选B项。
五
D
The deep-sea il and gas industry has vast and cstly facilities t maintain. Wells, ther equipment, and thusands f kilmeters f pipelines must be inspected and repaired.
Nw, cutting-edge underwater drnes (无人机) and rbts are being develped that culd make the wrk safer and cheaper. Amng them is Eelume, a six-meter-lng, snake-like rbt equipped with sensrs and a camera at each end. It can be kept at a statin at depths f up t half a kilmeter fr six mnths, withut being brught back t the surface. The rbt can travel up t 20 kilmeters befre needing t return t its statin t recharge.
Maintenance wrk at many deep-water wells and pipeline systems is already carried ut by unmanned vehicles. But these vehicles typically need t be transprted t the ffshre site n a fully crewed ship and then remtely perated frm nbard the surface ship. That can cst up t $100,000 per day, accrding t Pål Liljebäck, chief technlgy fficer with Eelume Subsea Interventin, which develped the rbt. Liljebäck says that by “enabling the rbt t becme a subsea resident living at a statin, it can be mbilized at any time t d inspectins, thereby reducing the need fr cstly surface ships”.
Eelume can wrk autnmusly n tasks assigned frm a cntrl rm nshre, and send back vide and data. Its snake-like design allws it t wrk in small spaces and wriggle (扭动) its bdy t stay in place in strng currents. By staying under the sea, it can carry ut tasks whatever the cnditins n the surface f the cean.
The glbal underwater rbtics market is expected t be wrth arund $7 billin in 2025, accrding t analysts, and ther cmpanies are in the prcess f cmmercializing new deep-sea drne and rbt technlgy. Eelume Subsea Interventin will carry ut final testing n the seabed later this year at the Åsgard il and gas field. It expects t put its first snake rbts int use next year and hpes t have up t 50 in ceans arund the wrld by 2027.
22. What is ne feature f Eelume?
A. It can travel nearly 40 kilmeters befre recharging.B. It can dive as deep as 500 meters.
C. It wrks mainly arund the statin.D. It wrks fr 6 mnths n ne charge.
23. What is the prblem with unmanned vehicles?
A. They are t cstly t maintain.B. They are hard t perate remtely.
C. They require transprtatin t and frm wrk.D. They have t wrk n a fully crewed ship all the time.
24. What can be expected f Eelume in the future?
A. It will require n further tests.B. It will be wrth arund $ 7 billin.
C. It will be put n the market in 2027.D. It will face a lt f cmpetitrs.
25. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. A snake rbt is n its way fr underwater tasks.
B. Eelume is the new chice fr cnstructing pipelines.
C. Maintenance wrk n the cean flr is a risky jb.
D. Unmanned vehicles marketing has seen strng grwth.
【答案】22. A 23. C 24. D 25. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍研究人员正在研发一款蛇形机器人，用于深海石油和天然气开采设备的维护。
22细节理解题。根据第二段的“It can be kept at a statin at depths f up t half a kilmeter fr six mnths, withut being brught back t the surface. The rbt can travel up t 20 kilmeters befre needing t return t its statin t recharge. (它可以在深度达半公里的站点保留六个月，而不用被带回地面。该机器人可以行驶20公里，然后需要返回站点充电)”可知，它在再次充电前可以运行大约40公里。故选A。
23细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But these vehicles typically need t be transprted t the ffshre site n a fully crewed ship and then remtely perated frm nbard the surface ship. (但这些工具通常需要用一艘满载船员的船运输到海上现场，然后在海面舰艇上远程操作)”可知，这些无人设备需要被运送到作业现场。故选C。
24推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“and ther cmpanies are in the prcess f cmmercializing new deep-sea drne and rbt technlgy. (其他公司正在将新的深海无人机和机器人技术商业化)”推知，Eelume将面临很多的竞争对手。故选D。
25主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第二段的“Nw, cutting-edge underwater drnes (无人机) and rbts are being develped that culd make the wrk safer and cheaper. Amng them is Eelume, a six-meter-lng, snake-like rbt equipped with sensrs and a camera at each end. (现在，尖端的水下无人机和机器人的开发可以使工作更安全、更便宜。其中包括六米长的蛇形机器人Eelume，它的两端都装有传感器和摄像头)”可知，本文介绍研究人员正在研发一款蛇形机器人，用于深海石油和天然气开采设备的维护，即一款在水下执行任务的蛇形机器人。故选A。
六
D
Several days f unusual warm weather in nrthern Greenland have caused rapid melting(融化). “Temperatures have been running arund -12.2 ℃-15.5 ℃. It is warmer than nrmal fr this time f year,” scientists said. The amunt f ice that melted in Greenland between July 15 and July 17 alne—6 billin tns f water per day—wuld be enugh t fill 7.2 millin Olympic-sized swimming pls, accrding t the reprt frm the Natinal Snw and Ice Data Center. Put anther way, it was enugh t cver the whle state f West Virginia with a ft f water.
Fr the scientists ut n the ice sheet(冰盖), the warmth has been alarming. “It really makes me anxius,” said Kutalmis Saylam, a scientist wh is nw wrking in Greenland. “Yesterday, we culd hang abut in ur T-shirts, which was nt really expected. Since Greenland hlds enugh ice, sea level wuld rise by 7.5 meters arund the wrld if ice all melted.”
In 2020, scientists fund that Greenland’s ice sheet had melted beynd the pint f n return. “N effrts t prevent glbal warming can stp it frm finally breaking int small parts,” said researchers.
Aslak Grinsted, a climate scientist, said that they were trying t get flights int the camp s they can ship ut the ice cres(冰芯) they had recently cllected. But the warmth is destabilizing the landing site. “The weather we are seeing right nw is t ht fr the ski-equipped planes t land,” Grinsted said. “S we stre the ice cres in large caves we have made int the snw t prtect it frm the heat f the summer.” Scientists made use f the abnrmal warmth while they were waiting, playing vlleyball in their shrts n an ice sheet at the tp f the wrld.
Grinsted referred t the temperatures as a heat wave, and nted that the pssibility f temperatures getting this ht was clearly cnnected t glbal warming.
12. Hw des the authr supprt the tpic f paragraph 1?
A. By explring reasns.B. By making cmparisns.
C. By designing the numbers.D. By ding sme experiments.
13. What did Kutalmis mean in paragraph 2?
A. He disliked wearing a T-shirt.
B. He wrried abut the warmth.
C. He was deeply impressed by the ice.
D. He was thirsty fr enjying the sea view.
14. What des the underlined wrd “destabilizing“ mean in paragraph 4?
A. Quitting.B. Imprving.C. Sheltering.D. Destrying.
15. What will the authr prbably d in the fllwing paragraph?
A. Recmmend visiting Greenland.
B. Describe hw t ship ut the ice cre.
C. Call n peple t prtect the envirnment.
D. Plan t rganize a sprts meeting n ice.
【答案】12. B 13. B 14. D 15. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了格陵兰岛北部连续几天异常温暖的天气导致冰川快速融化，这种温暖令人担忧。
12推理判断题。文章第一段讲到“Temperatures have been running arund -12.2 ℃-15.5 ℃. It is warmer than nrmal fr this time f year (气温一直在-12.2 ℃-15.5 ℃左右。今年这个时候比正常情况要暖和。)”可知作者通过比较来支持第一段的主题，故选B。
13细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“Fr the scientists ut n the ice sheet(冰盖), the warmth has been alarming. ‘It really makes me anxius,’ said Kutalmis Saylam (对于冰盖上的科学家来说，这种温暖令人担忧“这真的让我很焦虑，” Kutalmis Saylam说)”可知在第二段中的Kutalmis的意思是他很担心变暖，故选B。
14词义猜测题。文章第四段划线单词后文讲到“The weather we are seeing right nw is t ht fr the ski-equipped planes t land (我们现在看到的天气太热，滑雪飞机无法降落)”可知飞机无法降落的原因是上文提到的“But the warmth is destabilizing the landing site(但这种温暖正在破坏着陆点的稳定)”可知降落地点遭到破坏，带下划线单词的意思是“破坏”，故选D。
15推理判断题。本文主要介绍了格陵兰岛北部连续几天异常温暖的天气导致冰川快速融化，这种温暖令人担忧。文章最后一段讲到“Grinsted referred t the temperatures as a heat wave, and nted that the pssibility f temperatures getting this ht was clearly cnnected t glbal warming. (Grinsted将温度称为热浪，并指出温度升高的可能性显然与全球变暖有关。)” 可推理作者在下一段中可能会呼吁人们保护环境，故选C。
七
D
D Dgs Dream?
Unlike cartn images, real dgs dn’t speak and describe their sleep. S yu may wnder: d dgs dream like their wners?
A scientific research cnducted at MIT fund that during sleep, brains f humans and dgs functin in a similar manner. When yu r yur dg first falls asleep, yu experience SWS—slw wave sleep—when the brain waves are slw but muscles are still active. Later, a deeper stage f sleep ccurs. This stage is called REM sleep—rapid eye mvements sleep. During REM, muscles are mre relaxed but the mind is mre active. It was prved that bth humans and dgs experience these tw stages f the sleep cycle. Since we knw that humans dream, it is safe t cnclude that dgs dream t.
Scientists fund that as a dg falls asleep, his breathing becmes deeper and mre regular.After abut 20 minutes in REM sleep, dreams usually begin fr average dgs. While dreaming, the dg’s breathing may becme shallw and irregular, and his eyes mve abut behind the clsed lids(眼睑) as if the dg is lking at smething. By cmparing brain wave patterns, researchers suggested that during REM, dgs are visualizing (呈现) dream images much like humans d during this stage f sleep.
Besides, it’s als fund that during REM, the sleeping brain functins much like it des when awake, s bth man and dgs dream abut things that happen during their waking hurs. Infrmatin gathered during the day is prcessed at night and may be relived in dreams. S yur dg may “sleep run” as he runs after a cat r fetches a ball.
Studies als shw that sme dgs dream mre than thers, and the frequency and length f dreams are different accrding t the age and sizes f dgs. Yung puppies usually experience mre dreams than adult dgs. One pssible reasn is that puppies acquire huge amunts f new infrmatin daily and have much t prcess at night. Amng dgs f the same age, smaller dgs seem t have mre dreams than their bigger friends, but their dreams may last shrter. Dream length and frequency are als related t the amunt f sleep required. A dg that has an active day utside may sleep mre sundly than usual and experience lnger perids f REM sleep, giving him mre time t dream.
12. What happens t dgs during REM sleep?
A. Their dreams take place.B. Their brain waves are slw.
C. Their muscles stay active.D. Their mind is mre relaxed.
13. While dreaming, the dg ________.
A. breathes regularlyB. visualizes images
C. pens the lidsD. gathers infrmatin
14. What des the underlined wrd “relived” prbably mean?
A. Remved.B. Repaired.C. Reviewed.D. Reduced.
15. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A. Why dgs dream like humans.
B. What bigger dgs dream abut.
C. Why yung puppies have mre dreams.
D. What causes the differences f dgs’ dreams.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了狗做梦的相关情况。
12细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“During REM, muscles are mre relaxed, but the mind is mre active. It was prved that bth humans and dgs experience these tw stages f the sleep circle. Since we knw that humans dream, it is safe t cnclude that dgs dream t. (在快速眼动期间，肌肉更放松，但大脑更活跃。实验证明，人类和狗都经历了这两个睡眠周期阶段。既然我们知道人类做梦，那么我们可以安全地得出结论那条狗也会做梦。)”可知在快速眼动睡眠期间狗在做梦。故选A。
13细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“researchers suggested that during REM, dgs are visualizing (呈现) dream images much like humans d during this stage f sleep. (研究人员认为在快速眼动期间，狗正在呈现可视化梦的图像就像人类在睡眠的这个阶段所做的那样。)”可知在做梦的时候，狗在使图像可视化。故选B。
14词义猜测题。根据文章第四段中“Infrmatin gathered during the day is prcessed at night and may be relived in dreams. S yur dg may “sleep run” as he runs after a cat r fetches a ball. (白天收集的信息在晚上处理，可能会在梦中重温。因此，您的狗可能会在追猫或捡球时“睡着跑”。)”可知白天收集的信息在夜间处理，并可能在梦中得到所以当你的狗追赶一只猫或获取一个球时，你的狗可能会"睡跑"。根据前后文含义以及结合选项可知，此处relived意为"重现”。故选C。
15段落大意题。通读全段，以及最后一段中“Studies als shw that sme dgs dream mre than thers, and the frequency and length f dreams are different accrding t the age and size f dgs.(研究还表明，一些狗比其他狗做梦更多，而且根据狗的年龄和大小，做梦的频率和时间长短也不同。)”可知因此可知最后一段主要讲述了是什么导致了狗的梦的不同。故选D。
八
D
Sme scientists have traced the increase in earthquakes t human activities, especially in areas nt knwn fr the presence f fault lines r past seismic (地震的) activity. The idea f humans causing earthquakes may seem strange at first. After all, yu can run arund yur backyard and jump up and dwn as yu want, and the grund isn’t ging t start shaking. Hwever, scientists have identified a variety f large scale human activities that can result in earthquakes.
Scientists have cnfirmed ver 700 places where human activities have caused earthquakes ver the last century. While many human-related earthquakes are small and dn’t cause much damage, sme f them can be serius and dangerus. In fact, scientists believe human activities have caused earthquakes with magnitudes as high as 7. 9 n the Richter scale.
Scientists believe that mst human-related earthquakes are the result f mining. As cmpanies drill deeper and deeper belw the earth’s surface t get natural resurces, hles left behind usually cause instability (不稳固) which leads t earthquakes. Anther human activity leading t earthquakes is fracking (水力压裂) fr il and gas, including the high pressure waste water prcessing that usually ges with fracking. In this prcess, water, sand and chemicals are pressed undergrund under high pressure t break rcks t release natural resurces.
Building large dams can als cause earthquakes. Many peple died as a result f a big earthquake caused by millins f tns f water that had been cllected in a reservir after a large dam was built ver a knwn fault line.
These are nt the nly human activities that can result in earthquakes, thugh. Scientists pint ut that earthquakes can als be caused by ther human activities, such as cnstructin f skyscrapers and nuclear explsins.
There is n dubt that human activities have cntributed a lt t scial and ecnmic develpment, but fr ur wn benefit, we humans had better nt push nature t hard, r we will have t pay a price.
12. What des the underlined part “fault lines” in paragraph 1 prbably refer t? .
A. Places with active human activities.B. Places cnnected with natural balance.
C. Areas where natural resurces are rich.D. Areas where earthquakes tend t happen.
13. What d mining and gas prducing have in cmmn?
A. They break the balance f nature.B. They destry the stability f rcks.
C. They d much damage t the earth’s surface.D. They use high pressure t get natural resurces.
14. What is the authr’s attitude twards human activities?
A. Objective.B. Supprtive.C. Dubtful.D. Respnsible.
15. What des the authr mainly tell us in the passage?
A. All the earthquakes are caused by humans.
B. Humans are respnsible fr certain earthquakes.
C. Nature punishes humans by means f earthquakes.
D. Much prgress has been made n earthquake research.
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. A 15. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍的是一些地震是人类活动造成的，并介绍了哪些人类活动会造成地震。
12词句猜测题。根据画线短语句中“past seismic (地震的) activity(过去的地震活动)”和“t human actins(人类行为)”可知，r前后的“fault lines”和“past seismic (地震的) activity”为选择关系，由此可知，“fault lines”指的也是一些容易发生地震的地区，即一些科学家将地震的增加归因于人类活动，特别是在那些不太可能发生或没有地震史的地区，故选D。
13细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“As cmpanies drill deeper and deeper belw the earth’s surface t get natural resurces, hles left behind usually cause instability (不稳固) which leads t earthquakes.(随着公司在地表下钻得越来越深以获取自然资源，留下的洞通常会造成不稳定，从而导致地震)”和“In this prcess, water, sand and chemicals are pressed undergrund under high pressure t break rcks t release natural resurces.(在这个过程中，水、沙子和化学物质在高压下被压入地下，以破坏岩石，释放自然资源)”可知，采矿和石油生产的共同点在于它们破坏了岩石的稳定性。故选B。
14推理判断题。根据最后一段的“There is n dubt that human activities have cntributed a lt t scial and ecnmic develpment, but fr ur wn benefit, we humans had better nt push nature t hard, r we will have t pay a price.(毫无疑问，人类活动对社会和经济的发展做出了很大的贡献，但是为了我们自己的利益，我们人类最好不要把自然逼得太紧，否则我们将不得不付出代价)”可知，作者既说明人类活动的好，也说了人类活动不好，因此作者对人类活动的态度是客观的，故选A。
15主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段关键句“Scientists have cnfirmed ver 700 places where human activities have caused earthquakes ver the last century.(在过去的一个世纪里，科学家们已经确认了700多个人类活动引发地震的地方)”可知，本文主要介绍的是一些地震是人类活动造成的，并介绍了哪些人类活动会造成地震，B选项“Humans are respnsible fr certain earthquakes.(人类对某些地震负有责任)”能够概括文章主要内容。故选B。
九
D
Just when yu thught yu were taking care f yur health by eating enugh fruit and vegetables every day, new research has cme ut revealing that yu might be swallwing micrplastic particles (颗粒) alng with all thse vitamins, minerals, and fiber. A grundbreaking study published in the jurnal Envirnmental Research has fund that fruits and vegetables absrb micrplastic particles frm the sil and mve them thrugh vegetal tissues, where they remain until eaten by hungry diners, thus getting transferred t human bdies.
The researchers, wh are frm the University f Catania in Italy, as well as Susse and Mnastir universities in Tunisia, analyzed a variety f cmmn fruits and vegetables — carrts, lettuce, brccli, ptates, apples, and pears. These were chsen fr the fact that they are frequently cnsumed, usually ne per day, which allwed the researchers t better assess the dietary intakes f MPs (micrplastic particles) and NPs (nan-plastics). The samples were purchased frm different surces in the city f Catania, including a small fruit vendr and a supermarket.
The researchers fund that apples, fllwed by pears, were the mst plluted fruit samples, and carrts were the mst plluted vegetable. In the study’s discussin sectin, the authrs wrte, “We can assume that the fruits cntain mre MPs nt nly because f the very high vascularizatin (血管化) f the fruit pulp (果肉) but als due t the greater size and cmplexity f the rt system and age f the tree (several years) cmpared t the vegetables (60–75 days fr the carrt).”
This study is imprtant because it’s the first t detect micrplastics in fruits and vegetables. They have been fund in ther surces befre, such as sea salt, beer, water (bttled, in particular), shellfish, sugar, sil, and even air, but never inside fresh prduce. It’s an alarming discvery that raises yet anther red flag abut micrplastic pllutin in the natural envirnment.
It’s an area that will likely see a lt mre attentin in cming years, with the study authrs calling fr further research int the questin f micrplastic and whether it harms the health f bth plants and humans.
32. What is the study mainly abut?
A. The main cause f sil pllutin.B. The great changes in peple’s diets.
C. The benefits f eating fruits and vegetables.D. The micrplastic pllutin in fruits and vegetables.
33. What may cause fruits t cntain mre MPs accrding t the authrs?
A. The age f humans.B. The great size f fruit tree rts.
C. The cmplex preservatin methd.D. The large amunts f the fruit pulp.
34. What makes the study quite special?
A. It shwed the influences f MPs n plants.B. It prved the surce f micrplastic pllutin.
C. It presented the danger f MPs t human’s bdy.D. It discvered MPs in fresh prduce fr the first time.
35. What d the study authrs think f the research n micrplastic?
A. It needs t be further studied.B. It wasted them quite a lt f time.
C. It has raised peple’s awareness f health.D. It has attracted peple’s attentin t diets.
【答案】32. D 33. B 34. D 35. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍新的研究在新鲜的水果和蔬菜中首次检测到微塑料颗粒污染。
32细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“A grundbreaking study published in the jurnal Envirnmental Research has fund that fruits and vegetables absrb micrplastic particles frm the sil and mve them thrugh vegetal tissues, where they remain until eaten by hungry diners, thus getting transferred t human bdies.(发表在《环境研究》杂志上的一项开创性研究发现，水果和蔬菜从土壤中吸收塑料微粒，并将其通过植物组织转移，直到饥饿的食客食用，从而转移到人体)”可知，这项研究与水果和蔬菜中的微塑料污染有关。故选D。
33细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“We can assume that the fruits cntain mre MPs nt nly because f the very high vascularizatin (血管化) f the fruit pulp (果肉) but als due t the greater size and cmplexity f the rt system and age f the tree (several years) cmpared t the vegetables (60–75 days fr the carrt).(我们可以假设，与蔬菜(胡萝卜60-75天)相比，水果含有更多的MPs，不仅是因为果肉的血管化程度非常高，还因为根系的大小和复杂性以及树的年龄(几年)更大)”可知，果树根系的巨大尺寸是导致水果含有更多的微塑料颗粒的原因之一。故选B。
34细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“This study is imprtant because it’s the first t detect micrplastics in fruits and vegetables. (这项研究很重要，因为它是第一次在水果和蔬菜中检测到微塑料)”可知，这项研究很特别，因为它是首次在新鲜的水果和蔬菜等农产品中检测到微塑料颗粒。故选D。
35推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“It’s an area that will likely see a lt mre attentin in cming years, with the study authrs calling fr further research int the questin f micrplastic and whether it harms the health f bth plants and humans.(这是一个未来几年可能会受到更多关注的领域，该项研究的撰稿人呼吁对微塑料问题及其是否危害植物和人类健康进行进一步研究)”可推知，该项研究的作者认为还需要对微塑料颗粒造成的危害作进一步研究。故选A。
十
D
A recent study suggests that when it cmes t the benefits f reading, just ding it matters mre than the cntent. Researchers have fund that reading nvels helps the brain develpment in understanding thers and imagining the wrld. They als have fund that peple wh spend a few hurs per week reading bks live lnger than thse wh dn’t read.
But hw t build a habit f reading? Like any habit, the trick is in figuring ut what suits yu. The hardest part abut reading is actually picking up a bk. Yu have t sit dwn, pick up a bk and start reading. “I always have a bk next t wherever I put my phne,” My friend Jimmy nce tld me. “S if I want t check my phne, I physically can see the bk there. Nine times ut f ten. I end up reading the bk instead f using my phne fr nthing.”
Anther challenge is time, and in that case, audibks(有声书) can be a gd chice. Audibks are great fr filling the mind while yu’re n the way t wrk, washing dishes r wrking ut at the gym.
If yu’re still stuck n the way t develping a reading habit, the best way is t revisit yur ld favrite bks t get yur yuthful reading pleasure. Yu shuld free yurself frm the pinin that nly imprtant r educatinal bks are wrth reading. There’s n shame in rereading the bks that made yu fall in lve with reading in the first place. Restarting the practice f reading is a little like picking up painting. It takes sme wrk t get int the best state, but nce yu begin, the results are beautiful and satisfying.
12. What is the mst difficult part in frming the reading habit?
A. Getting reading skills.B. Finding a great bk.
C. Having limited time.D. Getting reading started.
13. What is the advantage f audibks accrding t the text?
A. They are time saving.B. They prvide mre pleasure.
C. They aid brain develpment.D. They ffer mre bk chices.
14. Why is rereading ld favurite bks a gd idea?
A. It helps restart reading.B. It is f great cnvenience
C. It imprves the taste fr art.D. It can increase yur patience.
15. What can be the best title fr the text?
A. Methd f killing free timeB. Advantages f using audibks
C. Way t chse educatinal bksD. Tips n develping a reading habit
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. A 15. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了培养阅读习惯的建议。
12细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The hardest part abut reading is actually picking up a bk. Yu have t sit dwn, pick up a bk and start reading(阅读最难的部分是拿起一本书。你必须坐下来，拿起一本书开始阅读)”可知，阅读最难的一部分是拿起一本书开始阅读。故选D。
13推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Audibks are great fr filling the mind while yu’re n the way t wrk, washing dishes r wrking ut at the gym.(有声读物非常适合在你上班、洗碗或在健身房锻炼的路上填满你的大脑)”可推知，有声读物可以节约时间。故选A。
14细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“If yu’re still stuck n the way t develping a reading habit, the best way is t revisit yur ld favrite bks t get yur yuthful reading pleasure.(如果你还在培养阅读习惯的路上，最好的方法就是重温你以前最喜欢的书，以获得年轻时的阅读乐趣)”和“Restarting the practice f reading is a little like picking up painting. It takes sme wrk t get int the best state, but nce yu begin, the results are beautiful and satisfying.( 重新开始阅读有点像开始画画。需要一些努力才能进入最佳状态，但一旦你开始，结果会是美丽而令人满意的)”可知，重读旧书可以帮助你重新开始阅读。故选A。
15主旨大意题。根据文章第二段第一句“But hw t build a habit f reading?(但是如何养成阅读的习惯呢？)”可知，本文主要介绍了培养阅读习惯的三个方法。故选D。
十一
D
The San Dieg Cunty Water Authrity has an unusual plan t use the city’s San Vicente Reservir(水库)t stre slar pwer. The prject culd help unlck America’s clean energy future.
Perhaps ten years frm nw, large undergrund pipes will cnnect the lake t a new reservir built abut 1100 feet higher. When the sun is high in the sky, Califrnia’s rich slar pwer will pump (泵水) water int that upper reservir. When the sun ges dwn, the frce f water wuld prduce 500 megawatts (百万千瓦)f electricity fr up t eight hurs. “It’s a water battery!” says Neena Kuzmich, directr f engineering fr the water authrity.
The technlgy that San Dieg puts frward is already in use at mre than 40 sites in the US. Sme f them were built during the 1970s t stre electricity prduced by nuclear pwer plants. Nw, the need t stre pwer frm renewable surces is bringing this ld technlgy back.
Water batteries have many cmpetitrs, when it cmes t string energy. Hwever, they have their wn advantages. Water batteries are a prven way t stre large amunts f pwer. The San Vicente prject wuld stre abut as much electricity as the batteries in 50, 000 f Tesla’s Mdel 3 cars. They als dn’t require hard-t-find battery materials. The biggest prblem with them is that it is hard t find places t build them. They need a great deal f water, land t build tw reservirs and permissin t damage the landscape.
Kelly Catlett, directr f an envirnmental rganizatin, says, “We wn’t supprt prjects that build new damns n rivers and damage ecsystems. But San Dieg’s plan lks like smething different, because it uses an existing reservir and desn’t damage any streams.”
12. What’s the main idea f Paragraph 2?
A. What a water battery is.B. Hw the prject will wrk.
C. Why reservirs are needed.D. What the clean energy future is.
13. What is the advantage f water batteries ver their cmpetitrs?
A. They can pwer Tesla’s cars.
B. They can stre renewable surces.
C. The battery materials are easy t get.
D. The technlgy applied is a new breakthrugh.
14. What is the biggest challenge fr water batteries?
A. Damage caused t nature.B. The shrtage f slar pwer.
C. Limited ability t stre energy.D. Prper places fr cnstructin.
15. What is Kelly Catlett’s attitude twards the prject?
A. Uncncerned.B. Wrried.C. Supprtive.D. Dubtful.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国圣地亚哥水务局计划利用圣维森特水库储存太阳能，解锁美国未来的清洁能源问题。
12主旨大意题。根据第二段“large undergrund pipes will cnnect the lake t a new reservir built abut 1100 feet higher. When the sun is high in the sky, Califrnia’s rich slar pwer will pump (泵水) water int that upper reservir. When the sun ges dwn, the frce f water wuld prduce 500 megawatts (百万千瓦)f electricity fr up t eight hurs.(在湖面1100英尺以上，巨大的地下管道连接着一个新水库。当太阳在空中高挂的时候，加州丰富的太阳能将会把水抽到较高的那个水库。当太阳下山的时候，水力将产生五亿千瓦的电，足够用八个小时)”可知，本段主要讲的是这个工程的运作原理，故选B项。
13细节理解题。根据第四段“They als dn’t require hard-t-find battery materials.(他们还不需要难以寻找的电池材料)”可知，水电池的优势是材料易于寻找，故选C项。
14细节理解题。根据第四段“The biggest prblem with them is that it is hard t find places t build them.(对他们来说最大的问题是难以找到建造的地方)”可知，水电池最大的困难是合适的建造场所，故选D项。
15推理判断题。根据最后一段“San Dieg’s plan lks like smething different, because it uses an existing reservir and desn’t damage any streams.(圣地亚哥计划看上去与众不同，因为它利用了现存的水库而且不破坏任何溪流)”可知，Kelly Catlett对这一项目持支持的态度，故选C项。
十二
D
The wrld’s weakest cuntries are said t be preparing t take n the richest cuntries with a demand fr mney—pssibly including new taxes(税)n il r flying—fr the irrecverable lsses they are suffering frm the climate change.
Extreme weather is already hitting many develping cuntries hard and is expected t cause further catastrphes. Lss and damage—the issue f hw t help pr natins suffering frm the mst extreme effects f climate breakdwn, which cuntries cannt be prtected against—is ne f the prblems that cause disagreement in climate discussins.
Sme f the wrld’s weakest cuntries have prepared a paper fr discussin this week at the UN general meeting in New Yrk. It shws they are preparing t ask fr a “climate-related” glbal tax as a way f funding payments fr lss and damage.
The funds culd be raised in several ways: by a glbal carbn(碳)tax; a tax n airline travel; a tax n the heavily plluting il used by ships; adding taxes t il prductin; r a tax n financial business. The discussin paper ntes the prs and cns f each f these, and the chices f raising funds thrugh develpment banks and frm the private sectr.
Natins will meet again fr fresh talks called COP27 in Egypt in Nvember, where lss and damage is expected t be a majr tpic f discussin. At COP26, the UN climate meeting held in Glasgw in 2021, there was an agreement n the need t limit glbal temperature rises t 1.5℃ abve pre-industrial levels.
Damage t pr cuntries is set t increase. A separate submissin(呈递)t the UN, by Antigua and Barbuda, warns that increasing sea and air temperatures in the Caribbean culd create a superstrm within years that wuld cause $9 billin(£7.8 billin)in damage t the island natin alne, six times its yearly GDP.
12. What des the underlined wrd “catastrphes” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Disasters.B. Dubts.C. Diseases.D. Drughts.
13. What is the purpse f a “climate-related” glbal tax?
A. T raise mney fr lss.B. T develp airline industry.
C. T prduce mre il.D. T stp sea pllutin.
14. What will be a direct result f increasing temperatures in the Caribbean?
A. The sea level will rise.B. A pr cuntry will disappear.
C. A superstrm will frm.D. The climate meeting will be held.
15. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The UN is paying mre attentin t sme ecnmic prblems.
B. The glbal temperature will rise t 1.5℃ abve pre-industrial levels.
C. Develping cuntries need mre funds t prtect against pr envirnment.
D. The prer natins will ask the richest t cver damage frm climate change.
【答案】12. A 13. A 14. C 15. D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了较贫穷的国家将要求最富裕的国家承担气候变化造成的损失这一事件。
12词义猜测题。根据第二段“Extreme weather is already hitting many develping cuntries hard and is expected t cause further catastrphes. Lss and damage—the issue f hw t help pr natins suffering frm the mst extreme effects f climate breakdwn, which cuntries cannt be prtected against—is ne f the prblems that cause disagreement in climate discussins.（极端天气已经严重打击了许多发展中国家，预计还会造成进一步的catastrphes。损失和损害——如何帮助遭受气候崩溃最极端影响的贫穷国家的问题——是气候讨论中造成分歧的问题之一。）”可知，lss、damage和the mst extreme effects f climate breakdwn都属于灾难，极端天气会导致更大灾难，disaster是灾难，故选A。
13推理判断题。根据第三段“ It shws they are preparing t ask fr a “climate-related” glbal tax as a way f funding payments fr lss and damage.（这表明，他们正准备要求征收“与气候相关”的全球税，作为支付损失和损害的一种方式。）”可知，“气候相关”全球税的目的是为损失筹集资金。故选A。
14细节理解题。根据最后一段“Damage t pr cuntries is set t increase. A separate submissin(呈递)t the UN, by Antigua and Barbuda, warns that increasing sea and air temperatures in the Caribbean culd create a superstrm within years that wuld cause $9 billin(£7.8 billin)in damage t the island natin alne, six times its yearly GDP.（对贫穷国家的损害将会增加。安提瓜和巴布达向联合国提交的另一份报告警告说，加勒比地区不断上升的海水和空气温度可能在几年内形成一场超级风暴，仅这个岛国就会遭受90亿美元(78亿英镑)的损失，是其年GDP的六倍。）”可知，加勒比海地区气温上升的直接结果超级风暴将形成，故选C。
15主旨大意题。根据第一段“The wrld’s weakest cuntries are said t be preparing t take n the richest cuntries with a demand fr mney—pssibly including new taxes(税)n il r flying—fr the irrecverable lsses they are suffering frm the climate change.（据说，世界上最弱的国家正准备向最富有的国家讨要钱——可能包括对石油或航空征收新税——以弥补他们因气候变化而遭受的无法弥补的损失。）”可知，本文主要讲述了较贫穷的国家将要求最富裕的国家承担气候变化造成的损失这一事件，故选D。
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标Ⅱ卷)
D
As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu’re lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has fund health and wellness benefits f nature fr humans, but a new study shws that wildness in urban areas is extremely imprtant fr human well-being.
The research team fcused n a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding (编码) experiences int different categries. Fr example, ne participant’s experience f “We sat and listened t the waves at the beach fr a while” was assigned the categries “sitting at beach” and “listening t waves.”
Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a “nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. These include encuntering wildlife, walking alng the edge f water, and fllwing an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.
“We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study.
12. What phenmenn des the authr describe at the beginning f the text?
A. Pcket parks are nw ppular.B. Wild nature is hard t find in cities.
C. Many cities are verppulated.D. Peple enjy living clse t nature.
13. Why did the researchers cde participant submissins int categries?
A. T cmpare different types f park-gers.B. T explain why the park attracts turists.
C. T analyze the main features f the park.D. T find patterns in the visitrs’ summaries.
14. What can we learn frm the example given in paragraph 5?
A. Walking is the best way t gain access t nature.
B. Yung peple are t busy t interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different frms.
D. The nature language enhances wrk perfrmance.
15. What shuld be dne befre we can interact with nature accrding t Kahn?
A. Language study.B. Envirnmental cnservatin.
C. Public educatin.D. Intercultural cmmunicatin.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生自然。
12细节理解题。根据第一段内容“As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu’re lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.(随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。故选B。
13推理判断题。根据第三段的“They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding (编码) experiences int different categries. (他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网上提交一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大自然有意义的互动。然后，研究人员检查了这些提交的信息，将体验分为不同的类别)”可知，研究人员按照公园游客提交的在公园里与大自然互动的活动把游客分类，再根据第四段“Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a “nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. (在这320份提交的作品中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的分类模式开始出现。在对所有提交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对游客最重要)”可推断，给游客分类是为了区分不同的游客类别。故选A。
14推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break. (命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居家的互动方式)”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造一种可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满意最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步让他感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可以知道一样的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式。故选C。
15推理判断题。根据最后一段““We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study. (“我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，”该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩说。)”可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。