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北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末英语试题（Word版附答案）
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这是一份北京市丰台区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末英语试题（Word版附答案），共9页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分）， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
笔试（共三部分 100分）
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I had always wanted a dg. My parents tld me when I was ld enugh and 1 , I culd have ne.
One day I hpped ff the bus, nt knwing what awaited me inside. I walked thrugh the dr, and t my 2 , a white and black puppy greeted me with many puppy kisses. A very special friendship was brn that day.
She was a smart dg. We 3 play fr hurs, spending ur days learning and grwing tgether.
Eleven years we were tgether, best f friends. Unfrtunately, arthritis (关节炎) and ld age set in n her. My parents knew what had t be dne, but they let me find and make the decisin myself.
She was 4 s much and the medicine didn’t seem t help anymre. She culd 5 walk. I lked int thse deep brwn eyes and 6 it was time t let her g.
I carried her int the vet’s (兽医诊所) and placed her n the table. She leaned her head frward and gave a lick t my hand as if t say, “I understand. Stay 7 .” Her tail was wagging (摆动) in a circle as always.
The vet asked befre giving the final sht, “Are yu sure?” With a heavy heart and tear-filled eyes, I ndded yes. The final sht was given. My eyes fixed upn her wagging tail. In a matter f secnds, it 8 . The vet listened fr a heartbeat, and said, “It’s ver.”
I tk her hme and buried her in the pasture, where she lved playing and chasing rabbits. It was the 9 thing I had ever dne.
Recently I went back t her grave. Grwing n her grave was a single wildflwer. It was swaying in a circle, just like her. I knw nw that, that special friend will be 10 me always.
1. A. cnfidentB. braveC. creativeD. respnsible
2. A. reliefB. surpriseC. annyanceD. cnfusin
3. A. wuldB. shuldC. mightD. must
4. A. sufferingB. expectingC. payingD. gaining
5. A. evenB. almstC. stillD. hardly
6. A. insistedB. realizedC. agreedD. predicted
7. A. hnestB. ppularC. strngD. active
8. A. stppedB. expandedC. hurtD. rse
9. A. greatestB. hardestC. wisestD. warmest
10. A. abveB. nC. withD. fr
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
Over the years, acupuncture (针灸) 11 (becme) a glbal therapy. It has seen many advancements in scientific research and mdern medicine. It is nw a ppular treatment fr a variety f 12 (disease). Accrding t a 2023 WHO reprt, acupuncture has been used in 113 member cuntries, 13 shws its widespread recgnitin and applicatin.
B
As I walked thrugh the square, I 14 (invite) t jin a dance at the Malaysian bth. In n time, I fund 15 (I) in the midst f a large dance circle. Peple frm 16 (difference) backgrunds celebrated tgether with energetic mvements and jyful laughter. Beside me were a girl frm Inner Mnglia, China, and a girl frm Russia 17 were excited t discver that their hmetwns were right next t each ther, despite being in different cuntries.
C
There is n questin that the s-called meatless meat 18 (win) when it cmes t the health f ur planet. Plant-based meat, like all fds, has sme impact n the envirnment, 19 it desn’t cme clse t having the srt f impact n the planet that meat des. T see 20 the difference is, we have t lk at a few key elements f envirnmental impact: water usage, land usage, and carbn emissins.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Harvard’s Pre-Cllege Prgram is an intensive tw-week summer prgram designed t give yu a glimpse f cllege life. Yu will live n the Harvard campus during yur tw-week sessin while taking a cllege-level curse with ther Pre-Cllege Prgram students. T enter Summer 2024, yu must meet the criterin: being a high schl graduate.
With almst 30 curses t chse frm, yu’re sure t find a tpic that aruses yur interest amng the curses ffered t Pre-Cllege Prgram students. Althugh curses are nn-credit (无学分的) and d nt have letter grades, they are demanding. At the end f the prgram, yu’ll receive a written evaluatin frm yur teacher, as well as a Harvard transcript (成绩单) with yur grade. This is a great way t help with yur cllege applicatin.
The ttal fee fr a 2024 Harvard Pre-Cllege Prgram sessin is $5,550. The prgram fee includes tuitin (学费), a rm and meal plan, activity csts, and an accident and sickness insurance plan fr the full tw weeks. There is als a $75 applicatin fee. A limited number f schlarships are available t assist qualified students wh need financial supprt.
Harvard’s Pre-Cllege Prgram cmbines the hard wrk and strictness f an Ivy League educatin with the fun that cmes with living, studying, and scializing with new friends. Whether yu’re engaging in meaningful debate in class r explring the Bstn area, yu’ll be creating memries that will last yu a lifetime. The first step in yur jurney tward this amazing experience is applying. Cmplete ur infrmatin request frm t hear frm us abut imprtant deadlines and helpful resurces.
21. Yu can take part in the Harvard’s Pre-Cllege Prgram if yu ______.
A. have gt Harvard’s fferB. have finished high schl
C. have reached cllege levelD. live n the Harvard campus
22. If yu take the prgram, yu ______.
A. need t pay the csts just fr tuitin and accmmdatin
B. will have a great chance t get the schlarships if yu want
C. can enjy the same resurces at Harvard as regular students
D. will get a reprt frm yur teacher at the end f the prgram
23. What’s the main purpse f the passage?
A. T ffer infrmatin abut a summer prgram.
B. T intrduce the benefits f a summer prgram.
C. T emphasize the imprtance f pre-cllege educatin.
D. T share an amazing experience n the Harvard campus.
B
On a summer mrning, I wke up early, herded my three-and five-year-ld daughters int the car, packed my friend and her tw daughters int the car, and drve tw hurs t the New Jersey Shre, where we spread ur twels n the beach by 10 a.m.
Out f nwhere, the girls tk ff running. Abut 50 yards frm us, a man—maybe in his late 50s—was fishing with gigantic ples. The girls std next t him and watched with their little muths hanging pen as he cast the lines. He smiled at them. They ran back t us—all except my three-year-ld, Drew.
My brain immediately sht int Mama Bear mde: human trafficker (人贩子)
“Drew! Cme here! Play with yur friends!” I yelled, very aware that my speeches abut nt talking t strangers weren’t wrking. Gd mms shuld be cautius. Gd mms shuld teach their daughters that the wrld is a dangerus place. S I felt relieved when Drew trtted ver t me and grabbed a shvel. Then she lked me in the eye, “I want t be with that man.” She ran back, sat dwn next t him, and started digging.
As I was thinking abut what she was saying t him, she ran back t us, waving smething very shiny and slimy. “A ty fish!” This must have been what he was using fr bait. And he’d given it t Drew. The three ther girls were impressed, and they all lnged fr the fish. Drew lked at me fr help, then at the man, then back at me.
“My friend gave me that fish!” she prtested. The sand turned int a preschl cage match with a yellw rubber fish flipping thrugh the air. Tears were fast appraching. I felt like I might cry myself.
Suddenly, there he was. He was hlding three mre rubber fish and handed them t each f the girls. By their faces, yu wuld have thught he was actually the really cute Jnas brther. “Thank yu,” they said, withut prmpting.
“Thank yu,” I said, realizing that yes, there is evil in the wrld... but there is als gd, and kindness in strangers, and lessns fr mthers t learn that nly a three-year-ld culd teach them.
24. The authr thught a gd mm shuld ______.
A. allw her kids t relaxB. care abut her kids’ safety
C. take her kids t explre natureD. encurage her kids t share with thers
25. What made the authr change her attitude twards the man?
A. The man letting Drew sit next t him.B. The man teaching the kids hw t fish.
C. The man handing a rubber fish t Drew.D. The man handing extra rubber fish t the kids.
26. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. There is gdwill in the wrld.B. Children have their wn blessings.
C. Everything cmes t thse wh wait.D. Watch ut fr peple with bad intentins.
C
In the stry A Christmas Carl, the wealthy miser (吝啬鬼) Ebenezer Scrge has a magical, life-changing epiphany (顿悟). Scrge’s eyes are pened as t hw his behavir affects ther peple—and he ges frm a selfish grump t a generus benefactr vernight, thanks t visits frm ghsts.
Scrge’s transfrmatin cmes dwn t knwledge. But d peple really want t knw hw their actins affect thers? As behaviral scientists, we wanted t understand just hw cmmn willful ignrance is—as well as why peple engage in it.
Experiments were carried ut t find answers. Researchers asked ne member f each pair t chse between tw ptins (选择) in ne f tw settings, determining the earnings fr themselves and their partner.
In the transparent setting, if they chse $5 fr themselves, they knew their partner wuld als receive $5. If, hwever, they chse $6 fr themselves, they knew their partner wuld receive nly $1 in return.
In the ambiguus setting, there were tw pssible situatins. In ne, if the decisin-maker selected $6 fr themselves, their partner wuld receive $1, and if the decisin-maker chse $5, their partner wuld receive $5. But in the ther situatin, the decisin-maker culd pick $6 and their partner wuld receive $5, r the decisin-maker culd select $5 and their partner wuld receive $1. The decisin-maker knew these tw systems—but they were nt initially aware f which situatin they were in. Interestingly, the decisin-maker had the pprtunity t reslve that ambiguity by clicking a buttn.
Acrss all studies, we fund in the transparent setting 55% chse the altruistic ptin. In the ambiguus setting, hwever, 40% f participants chse t remain ignrant. 60% f peple in the ignrant grup chse a higher persnal payut in situatins where this chice came at the expense f their partner. Amng thse wh requested mre infrmatin, 36% knwingly kept a higher payut at a cst t their partner. Only 39% f peple in the ambiguus setting made the chice that ultimately benefited their partner—a significant drp frm 55% in the transparent cnditin.
But hw d we knw if ignrance in the ambiguus setting was willful? We cnducted a secnd analysis fcused n what mtivates peple t seek infrmatin.
In this analysis we lked at hw peple wh btained additinal infrmatin behaved in cmparisn with thse wh were given infrmatin. We fund that peple wh chse t receive infrmatin in the ambiguus setting were seven percentage pints mre likely t make the altruistic chice than peple in the transparent setting. By the same tken, the finding als suggests ignrance prevents peple frm knwing hw their actins harm thers.
If we can avid putting a strng mral emphasis n decisins, it may make peple feel less threatened and, as a result, less willfully ignrant. We may nt have Dickensian ghsts t guide us—but there are still steps we can take.
27. The authr mentins Scrge’s change mainly t ______.
A. draw a cmparisnB. intrduce a tpic
C. evaluate a characterD. give an example
28. If the decisin-maker chse t click the buttn in the ambiguus setting, they wuld ______.
A. drp ut f the experimentB. knw the situatin they are in
C. receive the additinal earningsD. switch t the ther situatin they prefer
29. What des the underlined wrd “altruistic” in Paragraph 6 mst prbably mean?
A. Inadvisable.B. Selfless.C. Fair-minded.D. Unrealistic.
30. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. The ignrant grup tend t sacrifice their wn interest.
B. Mral evaluatin might lead t mre intentinal ignrance.
C. There is n cmmn payut system shared by bth settings.
D. Aviding infrmatin might make peple feel like bad persns.
D
Debate abut artificial intelligence (AI) tends t fcus n its ptential dangers: algrithmic bias (算法偏见) and discriminatin, the mass destructin f jbs and even, sme say, the extinctin f humanity. Hwever, thers are fcusing n the ptential rewards. Luminaries in the field such as Demis Hassabis and Yann LeCun believe that AI can turbcharge scientific prgress and lead t a glden age f discvery. Culd they be right?
Such claims are wrth examining, and may prvide a useful cunterbalance t fears abut large-scale unemplyment and killer rbts. Many previus technlgies have, f curse, been falsely hailed as panaceas (万灵药). But the mechanism by which AI will suppsedly slve the wrld’s prblems has a strnger histrical basis.
In the 17th century micrscpes and telescpes pened up new vistas f discvery and encuraged researchers t favr their wn bservatins ver the received wisdm f antiquity (古代), while the intrductin f scientific jurnals gave them new ways t share and publicize their findings. Then, starting in the late 19th century, the establishment f research labratries, which brught tgether ideas, peple and materials n an industrial scale, gave rise t further innvatins. Frm the mid-20th century, cmputers in turn enabled new frms f science based n simulatin and mdelling.
All this is t be welcmed. But the jurnal and the labratry went further still: they altered scientific practice itself and unlcked mre pwerful means f making discveries, by allwing peple and ideas t mingle in new ways and n a larger scale. AI, t, has the ptential t set ff such a transfrmatin.
Tw areas in particular lk prmising. The first is “literature-based discvery” (LBD), which invlves analyzing existing scientific literature, using ChatGPT-style language analysis, t lk fr new hyptheses, cnnectins r ideas that humans may have missed. The secnd area is “rbt scientists”. These are rbtic systems that use AI t frm new hyptheses, based n analysis f existing data and literature, and then test thse hyptheses by perfrming hundreds r thusands f experiments, in fields including systems bilgy and materials science. Unlike human scientists, rbts are less attached t previus results, less driven by bias—and, crucially, easy t replicate. They culd scale up experimental research, develp unexpected theries and explre avenues that human investigatrs might nt have cnsidered.
The idea is therefre feasible. But the main barrier is scilgical: it can happen nly if human scientists are willing and able t use such tls. Gvernments culd help by pressing fr greater use f cmmn standards t allw AI systems t exchange and interpret labratry results and ther data. They culd als fun d mre research int the integratin f AI smarts with labratry rbtics, and int frms f AI beynd thse being pursued in the private sectr. Less fashinable frms f AI, such as mdel-based machine learning, may be better suited t scientific tasks such as frming hyptheses.
31. Regarding Demis and Yann’s viewpint, the authr is likely t be ______.
A. supprtiveB. puzzledC. uncncernedD. dubtful
32. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. LBD fcuses n testing the reliability f ever-made hyptheses.
B. Resistance t AI prevents the transfrmatin f scientific practice.
C. Rbt scientists frm hyptheses withut cnsidering previus studies.
D. Bth jurnals and labs need adjustments in prmting scientific findings.
33. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. Official standards have facilitated the exchange f data.
B. Perfrming scientific tasks relies n gvernment funding.
C. Less ppular AI frms might be wrth paying attentin t.
D. The applicatin f AI in public sectr hasn’t been launched.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Transfrming Science. Hw Can AI Help?
B. Making Breakthrughs. What Is AI’s Strength?
C. Reshaping Histry. Hw May AI Develp Further?
D. Redefining Discvery. Hw Can AI Overcme Its Weakness?
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Temptatin (诱惑) is part f life. It is cmmnplace t find yurself in situatins—fr instance, chsing between a delicius dessert versus sticking t a diet, r playing vide games instead f studying. 35 Successfully resisting (抵制) temptatins is prbably smething yu aim fr.
Unsurprisingly, research shws that peple with greater self-cntrl experience benefits such as success at schl and wrk and greater satisfactin in their relatinships. But there’s grwing evidence that self-cntrl can als cme with varius dwnsides.
36 Imagine smene wh always wakes up early, never allws fr any distractins frm their wrk, and sticks t a strict diet. Yu might view them as ambitius, because f their determinatin and discipline. Hwever, fr thse same reasns, yu might als view this persn as mechanical, uninteresting, uptight r even cld. In fact, that’s what we’ve fund in ur research.
The hidden csts f high self-cntrl als extend beynd the scial area t affect a persn’s emtinal life. Fr instance, cnsider the experience f regret. Research has shwn that, when peple reflect n their mre distant past, they tend t regret having t much self-cntrl rather than nt having enugh. 37
Even the psitive beliefs that peple hld abut thse wh have high self-cntrl, such as that they will perfrm better n grup prjects, can have negative effects. 38 That will lead them t feel mre burdened by the dependence that thers have n them. This increased exhaustin and sense f burden can reduce levels f satisfactin within thse relatinships.
Self-cntrl is smething nearly all f us try t be better at. But it’s als imprtant t recgnize that there can als be sme csts t having limitless willpwer. 39 By wrking t address the unfavrable utcmes related t high self-cntrl, while cntinuing t pursue the favrable nes, we may each eventually find a healthy balance.
A. Self-disciplined peple are less likely t frgive thers.
B. Peple with higher self-cntrl tend t enjy better health in life.
C. We can all benefit frm understanding bth sides f this research literature.
D. Sme f the csts f high self-cntrl are scial and reputatinal (有关声誉的).
E. These ideas can create heightened expectatins fr the high self-cntrl persn.
F. S enacting this self-cntrl may actually lead yu t feel less satisfactin dwn the rad.
G. During these times, yu likely hpe t make the ‘right’ decisin that drives yu twards yur lng-term gals.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共12小题；共12分）
阅读下面文段，在设空处填入恰当的词或短语。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
40. Spring Festival is highly ______ by every Chinese family.
41. The mment I get n the train, I am ______ by Shanxi accents.
42. Festivals ffer a sense f ______ fr religius, scial and gegraphical grups.
43. Nw, festival celebratins have becme mre self-centered and are mving away frm traditins. They are mre fcused n instant ______.
44. Traditinal Chinese festivals are an imprtant part f Chinese ______, and we must prtect them.
45. Traditinal festivals are a surce f natinal pride and help ______ ur natinal identity.
46. Digitizing ancient art allws us t explre the practices f lng ag. It als makes the art ______ t the wrld.
47. Friends shuld fcus mre n face-t-face cmmunicatin. This is the best way t ______ healthy friendships.
48. Imprtant ______ skills are develped thrugh direct cntact with ther peple.
49. The Internet has als made ur lives unbelievably ______, with all srts f gds and services prvided by electrnic cmmerce.
50. The ______ Zhang Tian made t the village was great, s he became ppular amng the villagers.
51. Even a thirty-minute run will prvide ______ frm aches and tensin that yu may be suffering due t stress.
第二节（20分）
假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你校公众号英语栏目正在举行题为“Celebratins and I”的征文活动。请你写一篇文章，介绍一个你难忘的庆祝活动，内容包括你的经历和感受。
习作要求主题鲜明、细节描述能体现主题；语言准确得体；词数 100左右。
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）
北京市丰台区2023-2024学年度第一学期综合练习
高一英语参考答案
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
1. D2. B3. A4. A5. D6. B7. C8. A9. B10. C
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
11. has becme12. diseases13. which14. was invited15. myself
16. different17. wh/that18. wins19. but20. what
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
21. B22. D23. A24. B25. D26. A27. B28. B29. B30. B
31. A32. B33. C34. A
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
35. G36. D37. F38. E39. C
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共12小题，每小题1分，共12分）
40. valued41. surrunded42. belnging43. satisfactin44. culture
45. reshape46. accessible47. maintain48. scial49. cnvenient
50. cntributin51. relief
第二节（20分）
52.略。考生须知
1.答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。
2.本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。
3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。
4.本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。
笔试（共三部分 100分）
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I had always wanted a dg. My parents tld me when I was ld enugh and 1 , I culd have ne.
One day I hpped ff the bus, nt knwing what awaited me inside. I walked thrugh the dr, and t my 2 , a white and black puppy greeted me with many puppy kisses. A very special friendship was brn that day.
She was a smart dg. We 3 play fr hurs, spending ur days learning and grwing tgether.
Eleven years we were tgether, best f friends. Unfrtunately, arthritis (关节炎) and ld age set in n her. My parents knew what had t be dne, but they let me find and make the decisin myself.
She was 4 s much and the medicine didn’t seem t help anymre. She culd 5 walk. I lked int thse deep brwn eyes and 6 it was time t let her g.
I carried her int the vet’s (兽医诊所) and placed her n the table. She leaned her head frward and gave a lick t my hand as if t say, “I understand. Stay 7 .” Her tail was wagging (摆动) in a circle as always.
The vet asked befre giving the final sht, “Are yu sure?” With a heavy heart and tear-filled eyes, I ndded yes. The final sht was given. My eyes fixed upn her wagging tail. In a matter f secnds, it 8 . The vet listened fr a heartbeat, and said, “It’s ver.”
I tk her hme and buried her in the pasture, where she lved playing and chasing rabbits. It was the 9 thing I had ever dne.
Recently I went back t her grave. Grwing n her grave was a single wildflwer. It was swaying in a circle, just like her. I knw nw that, that special friend will be 10 me always.
1. A. cnfidentB. braveC. creativeD. respnsible
2. A. reliefB. surpriseC. annyanceD. cnfusin
3. A. wuldB. shuldC. mightD. must
4. A. sufferingB. expectingC. payingD. gaining
5. A. evenB. almstC. stillD. hardly
6. A. insistedB. realizedC. agreedD. predicted
7. A. hnestB. ppularC. strngD. active
8. A. stppedB. expandedC. hurtD. rse
9. A. greatestB. hardestC. wisestD. warmest
10. A. abveB. nC. withD. fr
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
Over the years, acupuncture (针灸) 11 (becme) a glbal therapy. It has seen many advancements in scientific research and mdern medicine. It is nw a ppular treatment fr a variety f 12 (disease). Accrding t a 2023 WHO reprt, acupuncture has been used in 113 member cuntries, 13 shws its widespread recgnitin and applicatin.
B
As I walked thrugh the square, I 14 (invite) t jin a dance at the Malaysian bth. In n time, I fund 15 (I) in the midst f a large dance circle. Peple frm 16 (difference) backgrunds celebrated tgether with energetic mvements and jyful laughter. Beside me were a girl frm Inner Mnglia, China, and a girl frm Russia 17 were excited t discver that their hmetwns were right next t each ther, despite being in different cuntries.
C
There is n questin that the s-called meatless meat 18 (win) when it cmes t the health f ur planet. Plant-based meat, like all fds, has sme impact n the envirnment, 19 it desn’t cme clse t having the srt f impact n the planet that meat des. T see 20 the difference is, we have t lk at a few key elements f envirnmental impact: water usage, land usage, and carbn emissins.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Harvard’s Pre-Cllege Prgram is an intensive tw-week summer prgram designed t give yu a glimpse f cllege life. Yu will live n the Harvard campus during yur tw-week sessin while taking a cllege-level curse with ther Pre-Cllege Prgram students. T enter Summer 2024, yu must meet the criterin: being a high schl graduate.
With almst 30 curses t chse frm, yu’re sure t find a tpic that aruses yur interest amng the curses ffered t Pre-Cllege Prgram students. Althugh curses are nn-credit (无学分的) and d nt have letter grades, they are demanding. At the end f the prgram, yu’ll receive a written evaluatin frm yur teacher, as well as a Harvard transcript (成绩单) with yur grade. This is a great way t help with yur cllege applicatin.
The ttal fee fr a 2024 Harvard Pre-Cllege Prgram sessin is $5,550. The prgram fee includes tuitin (学费), a rm and meal plan, activity csts, and an accident and sickness insurance plan fr the full tw weeks. There is als a $75 applicatin fee. A limited number f schlarships are available t assist qualified students wh need financial supprt.
Harvard’s Pre-Cllege Prgram cmbines the hard wrk and strictness f an Ivy League educatin with the fun that cmes with living, studying, and scializing with new friends. Whether yu’re engaging in meaningful debate in class r explring the Bstn area, yu’ll be creating memries that will last yu a lifetime. The first step in yur jurney tward this amazing experience is applying. Cmplete ur infrmatin request frm t hear frm us abut imprtant deadlines and helpful resurces.
21. Yu can take part in the Harvard’s Pre-Cllege Prgram if yu ______.
A. have gt Harvard’s fferB. have finished high schl
C. have reached cllege levelD. live n the Harvard campus
22. If yu take the prgram, yu ______.
A. need t pay the csts just fr tuitin and accmmdatin
B. will have a great chance t get the schlarships if yu want
C. can enjy the same resurces at Harvard as regular students
D. will get a reprt frm yur teacher at the end f the prgram
23. What’s the main purpse f the passage?
A. T ffer infrmatin abut a summer prgram.
B. T intrduce the benefits f a summer prgram.
C. T emphasize the imprtance f pre-cllege educatin.
D. T share an amazing experience n the Harvard campus.
B
On a summer mrning, I wke up early, herded my three-and five-year-ld daughters int the car, packed my friend and her tw daughters int the car, and drve tw hurs t the New Jersey Shre, where we spread ur twels n the beach by 10 a.m.
Out f nwhere, the girls tk ff running. Abut 50 yards frm us, a man—maybe in his late 50s—was fishing with gigantic ples. The girls std next t him and watched with their little muths hanging pen as he cast the lines. He smiled at them. They ran back t us—all except my three-year-ld, Drew.
My brain immediately sht int Mama Bear mde: human trafficker (人贩子)
“Drew! Cme here! Play with yur friends!” I yelled, very aware that my speeches abut nt talking t strangers weren’t wrking. Gd mms shuld be cautius. Gd mms shuld teach their daughters that the wrld is a dangerus place. S I felt relieved when Drew trtted ver t me and grabbed a shvel. Then she lked me in the eye, “I want t be with that man.” She ran back, sat dwn next t him, and started digging.
As I was thinking abut what she was saying t him, she ran back t us, waving smething very shiny and slimy. “A ty fish!” This must have been what he was using fr bait. And he’d given it t Drew. The three ther girls were impressed, and they all lnged fr the fish. Drew lked at me fr help, then at the man, then back at me.
“My friend gave me that fish!” she prtested. The sand turned int a preschl cage match with a yellw rubber fish flipping thrugh the air. Tears were fast appraching. I felt like I might cry myself.
Suddenly, there he was. He was hlding three mre rubber fish and handed them t each f the girls. By their faces, yu wuld have thught he was actually the really cute Jnas brther. “Thank yu,” they said, withut prmpting.
“Thank yu,” I said, realizing that yes, there is evil in the wrld... but there is als gd, and kindness in strangers, and lessns fr mthers t learn that nly a three-year-ld culd teach them.
24. The authr thught a gd mm shuld ______.
A. allw her kids t relaxB. care abut her kids’ safety
C. take her kids t explre natureD. encurage her kids t share with thers
25. What made the authr change her attitude twards the man?
A. The man letting Drew sit next t him.B. The man teaching the kids hw t fish.
C. The man handing a rubber fish t Drew.D. The man handing extra rubber fish t the kids.
26. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. There is gdwill in the wrld.B. Children have their wn blessings.
C. Everything cmes t thse wh wait.D. Watch ut fr peple with bad intentins.
C
In the stry A Christmas Carl, the wealthy miser (吝啬鬼) Ebenezer Scrge has a magical, life-changing epiphany (顿悟). Scrge’s eyes are pened as t hw his behavir affects ther peple—and he ges frm a selfish grump t a generus benefactr vernight, thanks t visits frm ghsts.
Scrge’s transfrmatin cmes dwn t knwledge. But d peple really want t knw hw their actins affect thers? As behaviral scientists, we wanted t understand just hw cmmn willful ignrance is—as well as why peple engage in it.
Experiments were carried ut t find answers. Researchers asked ne member f each pair t chse between tw ptins (选择) in ne f tw settings, determining the earnings fr themselves and their partner.
In the transparent setting, if they chse $5 fr themselves, they knew their partner wuld als receive $5. If, hwever, they chse $6 fr themselves, they knew their partner wuld receive nly $1 in return.
In the ambiguus setting, there were tw pssible situatins. In ne, if the decisin-maker selected $6 fr themselves, their partner wuld receive $1, and if the decisin-maker chse $5, their partner wuld receive $5. But in the ther situatin, the decisin-maker culd pick $6 and their partner wuld receive $5, r the decisin-maker culd select $5 and their partner wuld receive $1. The decisin-maker knew these tw systems—but they were nt initially aware f which situatin they were in. Interestingly, the decisin-maker had the pprtunity t reslve that ambiguity by clicking a buttn.
Acrss all studies, we fund in the transparent setting 55% chse the altruistic ptin. In the ambiguus setting, hwever, 40% f participants chse t remain ignrant. 60% f peple in the ignrant grup chse a higher persnal payut in situatins where this chice came at the expense f their partner. Amng thse wh requested mre infrmatin, 36% knwingly kept a higher payut at a cst t their partner. Only 39% f peple in the ambiguus setting made the chice that ultimately benefited their partner—a significant drp frm 55% in the transparent cnditin.
But hw d we knw if ignrance in the ambiguus setting was willful? We cnducted a secnd analysis fcused n what mtivates peple t seek infrmatin.
In this analysis we lked at hw peple wh btained additinal infrmatin behaved in cmparisn with thse wh were given infrmatin. We fund that peple wh chse t receive infrmatin in the ambiguus setting were seven percentage pints mre likely t make the altruistic chice than peple in the transparent setting. By the same tken, the finding als suggests ignrance prevents peple frm knwing hw their actins harm thers.
If we can avid putting a strng mral emphasis n decisins, it may make peple feel less threatened and, as a result, less willfully ignrant. We may nt have Dickensian ghsts t guide us—but there are still steps we can take.
27. The authr mentins Scrge’s change mainly t ______.
A. draw a cmparisnB. intrduce a tpic
C. evaluate a characterD. give an example
28. If the decisin-maker chse t click the buttn in the ambiguus setting, they wuld ______.
A. drp ut f the experimentB. knw the situatin they are in
C. receive the additinal earningsD. switch t the ther situatin they prefer
29. What des the underlined wrd “altruistic” in Paragraph 6 mst prbably mean?
A. Inadvisable.B. Selfless.C. Fair-minded.D. Unrealistic.
30. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. The ignrant grup tend t sacrifice their wn interest.
B. Mral evaluatin might lead t mre intentinal ignrance.
C. There is n cmmn payut system shared by bth settings.
D. Aviding infrmatin might make peple feel like bad persns.
D
Debate abut artificial intelligence (AI) tends t fcus n its ptential dangers: algrithmic bias (算法偏见) and discriminatin, the mass destructin f jbs and even, sme say, the extinctin f humanity. Hwever, thers are fcusing n the ptential rewards. Luminaries in the field such as Demis Hassabis and Yann LeCun believe that AI can turbcharge scientific prgress and lead t a glden age f discvery. Culd they be right?
Such claims are wrth examining, and may prvide a useful cunterbalance t fears abut large-scale unemplyment and killer rbts. Many previus technlgies have, f curse, been falsely hailed as panaceas (万灵药). But the mechanism by which AI will suppsedly slve the wrld’s prblems has a strnger histrical basis.
In the 17th century micrscpes and telescpes pened up new vistas f discvery and encuraged researchers t favr their wn bservatins ver the received wisdm f antiquity (古代), while the intrductin f scientific jurnals gave them new ways t share and publicize their findings. Then, starting in the late 19th century, the establishment f research labratries, which brught tgether ideas, peple and materials n an industrial scale, gave rise t further innvatins. Frm the mid-20th century, cmputers in turn enabled new frms f science based n simulatin and mdelling.
All this is t be welcmed. But the jurnal and the labratry went further still: they altered scientific practice itself and unlcked mre pwerful means f making discveries, by allwing peple and ideas t mingle in new ways and n a larger scale. AI, t, has the ptential t set ff such a transfrmatin.
Tw areas in particular lk prmising. The first is “literature-based discvery” (LBD), which invlves analyzing existing scientific literature, using ChatGPT-style language analysis, t lk fr new hyptheses, cnnectins r ideas that humans may have missed. The secnd area is “rbt scientists”. These are rbtic systems that use AI t frm new hyptheses, based n analysis f existing data and literature, and then test thse hyptheses by perfrming hundreds r thusands f experiments, in fields including systems bilgy and materials science. Unlike human scientists, rbts are less attached t previus results, less driven by bias—and, crucially, easy t replicate. They culd scale up experimental research, develp unexpected theries and explre avenues that human investigatrs might nt have cnsidered.
The idea is therefre feasible. But the main barrier is scilgical: it can happen nly if human scientists are willing and able t use such tls. Gvernments culd help by pressing fr greater use f cmmn standards t allw AI systems t exchange and interpret labratry results and ther data. They culd als fun d mre research int the integratin f AI smarts with labratry rbtics, and int frms f AI beynd thse being pursued in the private sectr. Less fashinable frms f AI, such as mdel-based machine learning, may be better suited t scientific tasks such as frming hyptheses.
31. Regarding Demis and Yann’s viewpint, the authr is likely t be ______.
A. supprtiveB. puzzledC. uncncernedD. dubtful
32. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. LBD fcuses n testing the reliability f ever-made hyptheses.
B. Resistance t AI prevents the transfrmatin f scientific practice.
C. Rbt scientists frm hyptheses withut cnsidering previus studies.
D. Bth jurnals and labs need adjustments in prmting scientific findings.
33. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. Official standards have facilitated the exchange f data.
B. Perfrming scientific tasks relies n gvernment funding.
C. Less ppular AI frms might be wrth paying attentin t.
D. The applicatin f AI in public sectr hasn’t been launched.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Transfrming Science. Hw Can AI Help?
B. Making Breakthrughs. What Is AI’s Strength?
C. Reshaping Histry. Hw May AI Develp Further?
D. Redefining Discvery. Hw Can AI Overcme Its Weakness?
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Temptatin (诱惑) is part f life. It is cmmnplace t find yurself in situatins—fr instance, chsing between a delicius dessert versus sticking t a diet, r playing vide games instead f studying. 35 Successfully resisting (抵制) temptatins is prbably smething yu aim fr.
Unsurprisingly, research shws that peple with greater self-cntrl experience benefits such as success at schl and wrk and greater satisfactin in their relatinships. But there’s grwing evidence that self-cntrl can als cme with varius dwnsides.
36 Imagine smene wh always wakes up early, never allws fr any distractins frm their wrk, and sticks t a strict diet. Yu might view them as ambitius, because f their determinatin and discipline. Hwever, fr thse same reasns, yu might als view this persn as mechanical, uninteresting, uptight r even cld. In fact, that’s what we’ve fund in ur research.
The hidden csts f high self-cntrl als extend beynd the scial area t affect a persn’s emtinal life. Fr instance, cnsider the experience f regret. Research has shwn that, when peple reflect n their mre distant past, they tend t regret having t much self-cntrl rather than nt having enugh. 37
Even the psitive beliefs that peple hld abut thse wh have high self-cntrl, such as that they will perfrm better n grup prjects, can have negative effects. 38 That will lead them t feel mre burdened by the dependence that thers have n them. This increased exhaustin and sense f burden can reduce levels f satisfactin within thse relatinships.
Self-cntrl is smething nearly all f us try t be better at. But it’s als imprtant t recgnize that there can als be sme csts t having limitless willpwer. 39 By wrking t address the unfavrable utcmes related t high self-cntrl, while cntinuing t pursue the favrable nes, we may each eventually find a healthy balance.
A. Self-disciplined peple are less likely t frgive thers.
B. Peple with higher self-cntrl tend t enjy better health in life.
C. We can all benefit frm understanding bth sides f this research literature.
D. Sme f the csts f high self-cntrl are scial and reputatinal (有关声誉的).
E. These ideas can create heightened expectatins fr the high self-cntrl persn.
F. S enacting this self-cntrl may actually lead yu t feel less satisfactin dwn the rad.
G. During these times, yu likely hpe t make the ‘right’ decisin that drives yu twards yur lng-term gals.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共12小题；共12分）
阅读下面文段，在设空处填入恰当的词或短语。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
40. Spring Festival is highly ______ by every Chinese family.
41. The mment I get n the train, I am ______ by Shanxi accents.
42. Festivals ffer a sense f ______ fr religius, scial and gegraphical grups.
43. Nw, festival celebratins have becme mre self-centered and are mving away frm traditins. They are mre fcused n instant ______.
44. Traditinal Chinese festivals are an imprtant part f Chinese ______, and we must prtect them.
45. Traditinal festivals are a surce f natinal pride and help ______ ur natinal identity.
46. Digitizing ancient art allws us t explre the practices f lng ag. It als makes the art ______ t the wrld.
47. Friends shuld fcus mre n face-t-face cmmunicatin. This is the best way t ______ healthy friendships.
48. Imprtant ______ skills are develped thrugh direct cntact with ther peple.
49. The Internet has als made ur lives unbelievably ______, with all srts f gds and services prvided by electrnic cmmerce.
50. The ______ Zhang Tian made t the village was great, s he became ppular amng the villagers.
51. Even a thirty-minute run will prvide ______ frm aches and tensin that yu may be suffering due t stress.
第二节（20分）
假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你校公众号英语栏目正在举行题为“Celebratins and I”的征文活动。请你写一篇文章，介绍一个你难忘的庆祝活动，内容包括你的经历和感受。
习作要求主题鲜明、细节描述能体现主题；语言准确得体；词数 100左右。
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）
北京市丰台区2023-2024学年度第一学期综合练习
高一英语参考答案
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
1. D2. B3. A4. A5. D6. B7. C8. A9. B10. C
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
11. has becme12. diseases13. which14. was invited15. myself
16. different17. wh/that18. wins19. but20. what
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
21. B22. D23. A24. B25. D26. A27. B28. B29. B30. B
31. A32. B33. C34. A
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
35. G36. D37. F38. E39. C
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共12小题，每小题1分，共12分）
40. valued41. surrunded42. belnging43. satisfactin44. culture
45. reshape46. accessible47. maintain48. scial49. cnvenient
50. cntributin51. relief
第二节（20分）
52.略。考生须知
1.答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。
2.本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。
3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。
4.本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。
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