专题05 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 必修第一册 -高一英语单元话题写作整理与新高考之衔接（人教版)

这是一份专题05 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 必修第一册 -高一英语单元话题写作整理与新高考之衔接（人教版)，共18页。
本单元以自然灾害为话题，探讨在“人与自然”的主题之下，当人类面临自然灾害的威胁 时，应该树立防灾意识，不断研究和认识自然灾害，提高在灾害中逃生和生存的能力。人类在重大自然灾害面前不屈不挠，相互援助，坚定信心，重建家园。考察多以阅读和写作的形式体现。从写作方面而言，主要体现对灾害的预防及“灾害无情， 人有情”的主题意义。
※话题感知读（读一读）
What t D During an Earthquake?
As we all knw, an earthquake is a kind f terrible disaster. S what shuld we d when an earthquake cmes?
When an earthquake starts, students in the classrm shuld get under the desks immediately and wait until the teacher tells them it is safe t cme ut. Hwever, fr thse wh are at hme, get immediately under the table in the living rm r kitchen. Dn’t g anywhere near the windw and dn’t g ut nt the balcny.
If yu are in the street when an earthquake happens, dn’t stand near buildings, fences r walls. Mve quickly t a large pen place t wait. Remember that standing under trees culd als be dangerus.
※话题感知练（填一填）
Sandstrms are strng, dry winds that carry sand. They are ften 1． thick that yu cannt see the sun and the wind smetimes has such 2． (strng) t mve sand dunes. A typical example f sandstrms is the Dust Bwl f the 1930s in the United States. It was the 3． (bad) sandstrm disaster in the histry f the United States. Fr nearly ten years dust blew n the suthern plains f America, 4． caused serius results. Peple culdn’t breathe when they went utside and 5． (child) wre dust masks t schl. The sky 6． (be) ften dark fr days. Over five millin acres f land became desert during the Dust Bwl, 7． (frce) 200,000 peple t leave their hmes.
The disaster 8． (cause) by bad farming methds and several years 9． very little rainfall made things wrse. The land dried up and the wind blew the sil away. 10． tk ver thirty years t reverse the prcess and replant the land.
【答案】
s 2.strength 3.wrst 4.which 5.children
6.was 7.frcing 8.was caused 9.with。10.it
Part2相关话题阅读练

Passage1阅读理解
There has been a dramatic increase in the number f natural disasters ver the past few years, and it is assumed that glbal warming and climate change culd cause even mre disasters in the future. Sme f the wrld’s leading cities are facing disasters like flds and heat waves.
Lndn
Lndn’s fld defences are getting lder. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier (水闸) has prtected the city frm the threat f flding, but it was nly designed t last until 2030 and clse nce every tw r three years. Abut 26 years later, the barrier nw clses five r six times a year and accrding t Envirnment Agency predictins, by 2050 the barrier will be clsed n almst every tide if the prblem is nt addressed.
There are 26 undergrund statins, 400 schls, 16 hspitals, an airprt and 80 billin wrth f prperty in Lndn’s fld risk area, s large scale flding wuld be disastrus.
Paris
Over a six-week perid in July and August 2003, mre than 11, 400—mainly elderly peple—died in France frm dehydratin (脱水) and extremely high bdy temperature in a deadly heat wave. Heat waves f similar intensity (强度) are expected every seven years by 2050, s what can be dne t make sure such a disaster des nt happen again?
One slutin is t have air-cnditiners installed in elderly care hmes. But this is cnsidered a shrt-term slutin, as the increase in demand fr electricity als increases carbn emissins (排放).
In Paris the lcal authrities are encuraging architects t design new types f buildings such as the building “Flwer Twer”, which uses a cvering f bamb t act as a natural air-cnditiner.
Shanghai
Shanghai is ne f the fastest grwing cities n Earth. It has a ppulatin f 18 millin and is nly 4 meters abve sea level. Sea levels are predicted t rise by 20 cm within the next century.
An estimated 250，000 peple mve t Shanghai every year in search f wrk, placing extra demands n energy cnsumptin. China relies heavily n cal-fired pwer statins, but these emissins increase temperatures and, in turn, warmer seas increase the risk f typhns.
1．What prblem shuld be settled nw in Lndn?
A．Hw t prtect the city’s prperty.
B．Where t build its fld defences.
C．Hw t imprve the functin f the ld fld defences.
D．Hw t use the Thames Barrier t prtect the city.
2．Which f the fllwing measures CAN’T slve the heat wave disaster in Paris?
A．Putting up new types f buildings with a cvering f bamb.
B．Having air-cnditiners installed in elderly care hmes.
C．Encuraging architects t design new types f buildings
D．Frbidding the city t build “Flwer Twer”.
3．The purpse f the passage is ________.
A．t tell us hw t prtect the big cities
B．t warn us f the increasing natural disasters in big cities
C．t explain what causes fld and heat waves
D．t give advice n hw t defend natural disasters
Passage2阅读理解
It’s terrible and strange, but I dn’t really remember much abut the hurricane itself. It all happened s suddenly. I was sitting in my rm with my cat, Smartie, n my lap, when the rf just flew ff. I was s frightened that I just frze.
Mm cried t get ut quickly, but it was already t late by then. The rain was cming dwn s hard and s fast. Our street turned int a river in secnds. We were ging nwhere.
At first, I was pleased we culd stay at hme, but sn it gt really tugh. Withut a rf, staying inside was t dangerus. We just had drinking water that was sent t us by helicpter, but it was never enugh. It was August, s it was really, really ht and it smelled s bad everywhere! 1 just spent the days watching the bats ging up and dwn the street and lking ut fr Smartie. He had disappeared the mment the strm hit.
Living in the pen air, we became breakfast, lunch and dinner fr the msquites_But Mm said that whatever happens, we shuld always try t see the gd side f things. It was difficult t stay psitive, thugh. All we had left were the clthes n ur backs. But as Mm kept n reminding us, we were all tgether and safe. Mm’s wrds made us feel better. I remember us all lying under the midnight sky and lking up at the stars. Because there were n lights, we culd see the Big Dipper, and the Milky Way. It was amazing! Despite the disaster, mments like thse gave us hpe fr the future.
Althugh it was nly a few days befre we were rescued, it felt like mnths. We were taken t anther twn in a faraway cunty. Thankfully, Smartie came hme just in time. Nne f us knew that we wuldn’t be back fr quite a while then.
Nw, ne year has passed and I’m back hme in New Orleans. Sme families have yet t return, but many thers have cme back. Althugh we are surrunded by reminders f the disaster. we are wrking tgether t rebuild ur hmes and ur lives. Nw we have anther chance t lk up at the stars f New Orleans, their beauty inspiring us and giving us cnfidence t mve n.
4．When did this hurricane hit the authr’s hmetwn?
A．In September.B．In August.C．In July.D．In Summer.
5．What des the underlined sentence “we became breakfast, lunch and dinner fr the msquites” mean?
A．We ate msquites as ur meals.
B．There were t many msquites.
C．We were tired f thse msquites.
D．We were bitten by msquites cnstantly.
6．What can we learn abut thse families in that area?
A．Sme families still didn’t return hme.
B．Mst families came back hme.
C．Few families returned hme.
D．Only we came back hme.
7．Wh played the mst imprtant rle in surviving this disaster?
A．The authr himself.B．The authr’s mum.
C．Smartie.D．All the peple stuck in the disaster
Passage3阅读理解
Flds can strike quickly and with little waning in many parts f the wrld. Surviving a fld is a matter f preparatin and crrect actin as sn as the disaster begins. ____8____.
●Make a fld survival plan.
____9____. Pick several meeting spts in case yu need t leave hme, such as a friend’s hme in a safe twn r a shelter in yur area. Make sure everyne in the family knw where these lcatins are and hw t get there. Make sure the shelters and the rutes t them are thrugh high grund.
●Escape fld waters.
Yu may have nly a shrt time t escape. Act quickly, using yur planned rute. Head t the chsen shelters during fld warnings. When emergency services tell yu t leave, fllw their advice. Mve t higher grund away frm water. Whether yu are n ft r have t give up yur car, higher grund is yur best ptin. If yu’re stuck at hme, head fr the rf if yu can d s safely.
Avid crssing thrugh water. Water up t yur ankles (脚踝) is enugh t be dangerus. When yu’re nt sure f the water depth, dn’t risk it. ____10____. Use it t measure the water’s depth and feel fr stable (稳固的) grund.
●Fllw news and warnings.
Flding infrmatin can be fund n yur lcal news r weather statin’s TV channel r website. ____11____. Als, listen t lcal radi statins fr regular updates.
●____12____.
Rads and ther paths may have been destryed. Stay ff bridges. The sil under usual rutes will be sft and less able t supprt the weight f vehicles. Find ther rutes ver high grund r wait fr the authrities t indicate which rads are safe.
A．Watch ut fr damaged areas
B．Prtect yur hme during a fld
C．If yu have t g thrugh water, bring a stick
D．Sit dwn with yur family t establish a plan f actin
E．If yur car gets stuck in water, pen r break the windws
F．Here are sme tips t help yu and yur family survive a fld
G．Yu shuld receive weather infrmatin t mnitr changes in the weather
Passage4完形填空
The Cajun Navy is a grup f vlunteer small bat wners wh help peple during bad strms and flds. The grup ____13____ vlunteering during Hurricane Katrina. During that strm alne, they ____14____ mre than 10,000 peple frm flded hmes and rftps! Since then, they have saved mre ____15____ arund the US! The Cajun Navy has gne t save during many f the wrst ____16____ that hit the US, such as Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Flrence.
Using their ____17____, they always g int places where peple and animals are trapped by fldwaters. They bring their small bats and great skills t find thse wh are ____18____ and then they ____19____ them t safety. Hw strng and ____20____ they are in struggling with fldwaters!
Many f the vlunteers are fishermen and ____21____ bat pilts. They, wh cme frm the sutheast United States, are expert in ____22____ thrugh a series f swamps (沼泽) and narrw waterways. The skills they have help them find the way arund ____23____ fldwaters.
A reprter ____24____ his feelings and meanwhile ____25____ them after the Cajun Navy stepped in t help during bad flding in Luisiana. “The ____26____ were vlunteers frm the Cajun Navy, wh had n ranks, n unifrms, n ____27____ medals awarded t them fr acts f bravery. It was a(n) ____28____ heart, nt a cmmanding fficer, that called them int risky ____29____ t carry endangered citizens t higher and safer grund,” he said.
The Cajun Navy is a great example f character in actin. They d als ____30____ thers. And mre and mre vlunteers jin the grup. They ften put themselves in danger t ____31____ thers. And they d nt d it fr mney r attentin, but ____32____ because they can help and they want t help.
13．A．imprvedB．startedC．delayedD．survived
14．A．missedB．metC．rescuedD．struck
15．A．fficersB．mneyC．fdD．lives
16．A．raindrpsB．windstrmsC．sandstrmsD．rainfalls
17．A．batsB．trucksC．bikesD．cars
18．A．in dangerB．in placeC．ut f wrkD．ut f rder
19．A．frceB．inviteC．transprtD．persuade
20．A．secureB．braveC．mdestD．straightfrward
21．A．hnestB．trappedC．skilledD．greedy
22．A．sailingB．lkingC．flyingD．driving
23．A．peacefulB．mixedC．limitedD．pwerful
24．A．cnveyedB．discveredC．valuedD．ignred
25．A．taughtB．praisedC．beatD．asked
26．A．passers-byB．witnessesC．victimsD．heres
27．A．militaryB．athleticC．eclgicalD．ecnmic
28．A．weakB．icyC．thughtlessD．selfless
29．A．cmpaniesB．fundsC．currentsD．flights
30．A．acknwledgeB．inspireC．adptD．investigate
31．A．abandnB．cnsultC．assistD．guide
32．A．cruellyB．delicatelyC．hardlyD．merely
Part3话题写作常用句型
※常用句型
survive an earthquake
hw t signal fr help if yu are trapped.
As we knw, typhn is ne natural disaster that ften results in heavy lsses t peple’s life and prperty.
It is vital fr us t learn hw t prtect urselves frm its damage.
Preparedness is very imprtant.
Befre the cming f typhn, we shuld pay clse attentin t the reprts abut it and take measures in advance.
Peple living in the lw-lying areas shuld leave there t prtect themselves frm the fld.
When typhn cmes, we had better stay indrs and clse all the drs and windws.
I hpe we can be less affected by typhn in the future.
T aruse ur students’ awareness f self-prtectin, we will hld a speech cmpetitin n the theme f “Earthquake Safety Guidelines” n …...
We’re s srry t hear that a severe Typhn In-fa hit yur hmetwn, leaving yur huse in ruins.
On behalf f ur class, I’m writing t express ur mst sincere pity and care fr yu.
Thinking abut yur present situatin, we cannt wait t make every bit f ur effrt t help yu.
Therefre, we make a dnatin f sme mney, expecting that it can help yu g thrugh the difficulty.
We are cnvinced that with the help f s many kind peple, a better huse can be rebuilt. Part4话题写作练（应用文、读后续写）
※应用文练
Passage1
假定你是李华，在某国际学校就读。因你所在海滨城市经常有飓风袭扰，必须提醒新来的英国交换生 Kate 了解安全须知。请你用英语给她发一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 飓风来临前应该怎么做；
2. 飓风来临时应该怎么做；不应该做什么。
注意：词数为 80 左右。
Dear Kate,
I’m wring t
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs
Li Hua
Passage2
假如你是李华，你们学校英文报近期在“世界灾难日”举办如何在灾难中保护自己和逃难的征文比赛，你被选拔代表班级参加，刚好你观看了海啸的视频，所以你决定参考以上的视频文本给读者们写一篇建议信，内容如下：
1. 写信目的;
2. 海啸的形成和危害;
3. 就防御和逃生提建议;
4. 希望和祝福。
注意：词数120左右。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
※读后续写练
Passage3
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
A serius earthquake can be a terrible experience, and it is easy t frget safety measures in disrder. Frtunately, mst earthquake safety measures are cmmn sense, but if yu frget everything else, remember the fllwing instructins: drp, cver, and hld n. Als, the mst f earthquake deaths happen after the earthquake, s remember that the danger des nt end when the shaking des! And it is wise t learn sme simple safety tips t prtect yurself r yur family members.
Practise fr an earthquake. Yu shuld d earthquake practice and teach yur children abut earthquake safety. Everyne in the family shuld d sme earthquake practice ften. It’s very imprtant.
Be always ready befre an earthquake. It’s necessary t prepare yurself and yur family. All family members shuld knw hw t turn ff gas, water and electricity and knw useful telephne numbers (120, 110, 119, etc.)
There is a strng chance f shrt circuits and fire breakuts during an earthquake. If yu are cking when an earthquake happens, make sure yu turn ff electrical cnnectins and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.
If yu stay indrs during an earthquake, mve away frm unsupprted areas: windws, large mirrrs and s n. The purpse is t prtect yurself frm falling bjects. Try t get under a drway r anther area f the building which is held up by strng beams. Stay under a table r desk nly if it is very strng. D nt rush t lifts, because it is far safer t stay where yu are.
Research has shwn that mst injuries happen when peple inside buildings try t g ut. Cver yur head with yur arms arund it and curl int a ball, and wait fr the shaking t stp.
Para 1.
If yu stay utdrs during an earthquake, g t an area which is as pen as pssible.

Para 2.
After an earthquake, many buildings are less strng, althugh they appear safe.

注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；
2. 至少使用 5 个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
参考答案
Part2相关话题阅读练
1．C 2．D 3．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上正面临洪水和热浪等灾害的3个城市。
1．推理判断题。由Lndn下中的“Lndn’s fld defences are getting lder. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier (水闸) has prtected the city frm the threat f flding, but it was nly designed t last until 2030 and clse nce every tw r three years. (伦敦的防洪堤正在老化。自1982年以来，泰晤士河水闸保护了该市免受洪水威胁，但其设计仅能持续到2030年，每两三年关闭一次)”点明了伦敦危机暗伏的原因是防洪堤老化，故推测出伦敦现在应该解决如何改善旧防洪堤的功能的问题。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。由Paris下第二段中的“One slutin is t have air-cnditiners installed in elderly care hmes. (一个解决方案是在养老院安装空调)”和第三段“In Paris the lcal authrities are encuraging architects t design new types f buildings such as the building “Flwer Twer”, which uses a cvering f bamb t act as a natural air-cnditiner. (在巴黎，当地政府鼓励建筑师设计新型建筑，例如“花塔”，它使用竹子覆盖物作为天然空调)”可知，盖上一层竹子的新型建筑、在养老院安装空调和鼓励建筑师设计新型建筑（如花塔）都是解决巴黎的热浪灾难的措施，D项“禁止城市建造“花塔””错误。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。由第一段“There has been a dramatic increase in the number f natural disasters ver the past few years, and it is assumed that glbal warming and climate change culd cause even mre disasters in the future. Sme f the wrld’s leading cities are facing disasters like flds and heat waves. (过去几年，自然灾害的数量急剧增加，据推测，全球变暖和气候变化可能在未来造成更多的灾害。世界上一些主要城市正面临洪水和热浪等灾害)”和下文介绍的3个遭受自然灾害的城市可知，文章的目的是警告我们大城市中日益严重的自然灾害。故选B项。
4．B 5．D 6．A 7．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一家人在经历了可怕的飓风后幸运得救，并在母亲的鼓励下团结一致共建家园的故事。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“It was August, s it was really,really ht and it smelled s bad everywhere! （当时是八月，非常非常热，到处是难闻的气味。）”可知，飓风发生的时间是八月August。故选B项。
5．词句猜测题。由前三段内容可知，飓风吹走了我们的房顶，那时正是八月，天气很热很热并且到处是难闻的气味，可推测晚上有很多蚊子。再根据此句“Living in the pen air,we became breakfast,lunch and dinner fr the msquites.（住在露天的环境中，我们成了蚊子们的早餐、午餐和晚餐了。）”可推断出他们被蚊子咬，故D项“We were bitten by msquites cnstantly.（我们不停地被蚊子咬。）”符合语境，故选D项。
6．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Nw,ne year has passed and I’m back hme in New Orleans. Sme families have yet t return, but many thers have cme back.Althugh we are surrunded by reminders f the disaster. we are wrking tgether t rebuild ur hmes and ur lives.（现在，一年过去了，我回到了新奥尔良的家中。一些家庭还没有回来，但许多人已经回来了。尽管我们周围充满了灾难的回忆，但我们正在共同努力重建我们的家园和生活。）”可知一些人还没有回到家乡。A项“Sme families still didn’t return hme.”符合题意，故选A项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“But Mm said that whatever happens,we shuld always try t see the gd side f things. It was difficult t stay psitive,thugh.All we had left were the clthes n ur backs. But as Mm kept n reminding us,we were all tgether and safe. Mm’s wrds made us feel better.I remember us all lying under the midnight sky and lking up at the stars. Because there were n lights,we culd see the Big Dipper,and the Milky Way. It was amazing! Despite the disaster, mments like thse gave us hpe fr the future.（但是妈妈说，无论发生什么事，我们都应该看到事情好的一面。虽然我们只剩下身上的衣服了，但要保持积极是很难的。但正如妈妈不断提醒我们的，我们都在一起很安全。妈妈的话让我们感觉好多了。我记得躺在午夜的天空下仰望星空。因为没有灯光，我们可以看到北斗七星和银河系。这是惊人的！尽管发生了灾难，但这样的时刻给了我们对未来的希望。）”可知，如果没有妈妈对我们的安慰和鼓励就没有现在安全和乐观的我们。故选B项。
8．F 9．D 10．C 11．G 12．A
【导语】本文是说明文，介绍了一些帮助人们在洪水中生存的建议。
8．上文“Surviving a fld is a cmbinatin f preparatin and apprpriate actin as sn as the disaster begins.”（要想躲过洪水，一开始就得做好准备工作和采取适当的行动。）提到在洪水中生存准备工作和行动的重要性，下文给出了具体的建议，则设空处应该是承上启下的句子，F项“这里有一些帮助你和家人在洪水中生存的建议”能够承上启下，符合语意。故选F项。
9．下文“Pick several meeting spts in case yu need t leave hme, such as a friend’s hme in a safe twn r a shelter in yur area.”（万一需要离开家，你得选几个见面的地点，比如去到在安全的城镇的朋友家，或是你所在区域的避难所。）提到制定全家人集合的安全地点，确保全家人知道地点在哪以及去的路线。D项“和你的家人坐下来制定一个行动计划”符合本段内容，引出下文。其中“establish a plan”和小标题“Make a fld survival plan.”一致；“Sit dwn with yur family”和下文“Make sure everyne in the family knws”内容一致。故选D项。
10．上句“When yu’re nt sure f the water depth, dn’t risk it.”（当你不确定水的深度时，就不要冒险。）指出不确定水深时不要贸然涉水，则设空处应该指出正确做法，C项“如果你必须涉水，就得携带一根棍子”指出必须涉水时正确做法是携带一根棍子，下文“Use it t measure the water’s depth and feel fr stable (稳固的) grund.”（用棍子来测量水的深度，并感受地面是否稳定。）则解释了棍子的作用，其中it指代C项中的“a stick”。所以C项符合题意。故选C项。
11．上文“Flding infrmatin can be fund n yur lcal news r weather statin’s TV channel r website.”（有关洪水的消息可以在当地新闻或气象台的电视频道或网站上找到。）提到了解有关洪水的消息的渠道，G项“你应该收看天气预报，关注天气变化”进一步告诉我们要关注天气信息，了解变化。下文“Als, listen t lcal radi statins fr regular updates.”（此外，定期收听当地电台的最新消息。）的“Als”承接G项内容，指出了解洪水信息的另一做法。所以G项符合题意。故选G项。
12．结合篇章结构可知，设空处是第四个小标题，是应对洪水的第四个建议。下文“Rads and ther paths may have been destryed. Stay ff bridges. The sil under usual rutes will be sft and less able t supprt the weight f vehicles. Find ther rutes ver high grund r wait fr the authrities t indicate which rads are safe.”（道路可能受损。远离桥梁。常规路线下的土壤会变软，难以支撑车辆的重量。我们应该在高地上寻找其他路线，或者等待当局指示哪些道路是安全的。）介绍洪水中的路况隐患和如何选择安全路线，A项“留意受灾区域”能够概括该段内容，下文“Rads and ther paths may have been destryed”与A项的“damaged areas”一致。所以A项符合题意。故选A项。
13．B 14．C 15．D 16．B 17．A 18．A 19．C 20．B 21．C 22．A 23．D 24．A 25．B 26．D 27．A 28．D 29．C 30．B 31．C 32．D
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了卡津海军在美国用船只在恶劣的风暴中拯救了很多生命的故事，对他们的英勇行为表示钦佩和赞扬。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该组织在卡特里娜飓风期间开始志愿工作。A. imprved改善；B. started开始；C. delayed延迟；D. survived存活。结合下文“during Hurricane Katrina”和“Since then, they have saved”可以推断该组织在卡特里娜飓风期间开始志愿工作。故选B。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：仅在那场风暴中，他们就从被淹的房屋和屋顶救出了1万多人！A. missed错过；B. met遇见；C. rescued援救；D. struck罢工。结合上文The Cajun Navy is a grup f vlunteer small bat wners wh help peple during bad strms and flds.(卡津海军是一群志愿的小船主，他们在恶劣的风暴和洪水期间帮助人们)”和“mre than 10,000 peple frm flded hmes and rftps”，以及下文的“saved”可知，这里表达的是他们从被淹的房屋和屋顶救出了1万多人！故选C。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，他们在美国各地挽救了更多的生命！A. fficers官员；B. mney金钱；C. fd食物；D. lives生命。结合空格前的“saved”和上文“mre than 10,000 peple frm flded hmes and rftps”可知，表达的是挽救了更多的生命。故选D。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在袭击美国的许多最恶劣的风暴中，如飓风哈维和飓风佛罗伦萨，卡津海军都去救援。A. raindrps雨滴；B. windstrms风暴；C. sandstrms沙尘暴；D. rainfalls降雨。结合后文“such as Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Flrence”可知这里提到的是袭击美国的许多最恶劣的风暴。故选B。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：用他们的“船”，他们总是进入人们和动物被洪水围困的地方。A. bats船；B. trucks卡车；C. bikes自行车；D. cars汽车。结合上文“The Cajun Navy is a grup f vlunteer small bat wners wh help peple during bad strms and flds.(卡津海军是一群志愿的小船主，他们在恶劣的风暴和洪水期间帮助人们)”和后文“peple and animals are trapped by fldwaters”可知，在洪水中去援救别人应该用船。故选A。
18．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：他们带着他们的小船和高超的技能去寻找那些处于危险中的人，然后把他们运送到安全的地方。A. in danger有危险；B. in place在正确的位置，就位；C. ut f wrk失业；D. ut f rder发生故障。结合上文中的“they always g int places where peple and animals are trapped by fldwaters(他们总是进入人们和动物被洪水围困的地方)”可知是寻找那些处于危险中的人。故选A。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们带着他们的小船和高超的技能去寻找那些处于危险中的人，然后把他们运送到安全的地方。A. frce强制；B. invite邀请；C. transprt运输，运送；D. persuade说服。根据下文“They bring their small bats and great skills t find thse”和“them t safety”推断出，找到处于危险中的人，然后把他们运送到安全的地方。故选C。
20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们在与洪水作斗争，多么坚强和勇敢啊！A. secure安全的；B. brave勇敢的；C. mdest谦逊的；D. straightfrward直截了当的。and连接并列成分，这里是在表扬这些致力于援救工作的卡津海军，所以和strng并列用brave符合题意，说明他们的勇敢无畏。故选B。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多志愿者是渔民和熟练的船只驾驶员。A. hnest诚实的；B. trapped受困的；C. skilled熟练的；D. greedy贪婪的。结合后文的“They, wh cme frm the sutheast United States, are expert in”和空格后的“bat pilts”，推断应该是熟练的船只驾驶员。故选C。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们来自美国东南部，擅长航行穿越一系列沼泽和狭窄的水道。A. sailing航行；B. lking看；C. flying飞行；D. driving驾驶。结合后文“thrugh a series f swamps (沼泽) and narrw waterways”推断应该用sail表示“擅长航行穿越一系列沼泽和狭窄的水道”。故选A。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的技能帮助他们找到绕过强大的洪水的方法。A. peaceful和平的；B. mixed混合的；C. limited有限的；D. pwerful强大的。结合上文卡津海军从洪水中救人和下文“fldwaters”推断这里描述的是强大的洪水。故选D。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在路易斯安那州发生严重水灾时，卡津海军介入帮助后，一名记者传达了他的感受，同时赞扬了他们。A. cnveyed传达；B. discvered发现；C. valued重视；D. ignred忽略。结合宾语“his feelings”和接下来他说的话可知用cnvey符合题意。故选A。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在路易斯安那州发生严重水灾时，卡津海军介入帮助后，一名记者传达了他的感受，同时赞扬了他们。A. taught教；B. praised表扬；C. beat打；D. asked问。结合后文这位记者的话“The 14 were vlunteers frm the Cajun Navy, wh had n ranks, n unifrms, n 15 medals awarded t them fr acts f bravery.”可知这是在赞扬他们。故选B。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：英雄们是来自卡津海军的志愿者，他们没有军衔，没有制服，没有颁发给他们的英勇行为的军事奖章。A. passers-by路人；B. witnesses目击者；C. victims受害者；D. heres英雄。结合前文“Navy stepped in t help during bad flding in Luisiana(在路易斯安那州发生严重水灾时，卡津海军介入帮助)”可知这些来自卡津海军的志愿者是英雄。故选D。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：英雄们是来自卡津海军的志愿者，他们没有军衔，没有制服，没有颁发给他们的英勇行为的军事奖章。A. military军事的；B. athletic体育的；C. eclgical生态的；D. ecnmic经济的。结合前文“vlunteers frm the Cajun Navy, wh had n ranks, n unifrms”，再结合前文提到他们英勇地救助处于危难中的人，可知虽然他们英勇救人，但没有颁发给卡津海军英勇行为的军事奖章。故选A。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是一颗无私的心，而不是指挥官，把他们召唤到危险的洋流中，把濒危的公民带到更高、更安全的地方。A. weak软弱的；B. icy冰冷的；C. thughtless轻率的；D. selfless无私的。结合后文提到“And they d nt d it fr mney r attentin”可知他们拥有无私的的心。故选D。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：是一颗无私的心，而不是指挥官，把他们召唤到危险的洋流中，把濒危的公民带到更高、更安全的地方。A. cmpanies公司；B. funds资金；C. currents电流，水流；D. flights航班。结合后文“t carry endangered citizens t higher and safer grund”推断是一颗无私的心把他们召唤到危险的洋流中。故选C。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们也会激励其他人。A. acknwledge承认；B. inspire激励；C. adpt采纳；D. investigate调查。结合前文“The Cajun Navy is a great example f character in actin.”可知他们是榜样，他们也会激励其他人。故选B。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们经常把自己置于危险之中去帮助别人。A. abandn放弃；B. cnsult咨询；C. assist协助，帮助；D. guide指南。结合上文“The Cajun Navy is a grup f vlunteer small bat wners wh help peple during bad strms and flds.(卡津海军是一群志愿的小船主，他们在恶劣的风暴和洪水期间帮助人们)”和本句中“They ften put themselves in danger”可知是他们经常把自己置于危险之中去帮助别人，呼应下文“they can help and they want t help”。故选C。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们这样做并不是为了金钱或关注，而仅仅是因为他们可以帮助并且他们想要去帮助。A. cruelly残酷地；B. delicately微妙地；C. hardly几乎没有；D. merely仅仅地。结合上文“And they d nt d it fr mney r attentin”和下文“because they can help and they want t help”可知用副词merely比较贴切，表示仅仅是因为他们可以帮助并且他们想要去帮助，才会这样做。故选D。
Part4话题写作练
◎应用文练
Passage1
Dear Kate,
I’m writing t infrm yu a newcmer, f sme tips n hurricane safety s that yu can survive this cmmn threat t a castal city.
Knwing what t d matters when a hurricane strikes. Befre a hurricane, make sure yur prperty is prtected. Clse windws and bring indrs anything that culd blw away. Yu shuld have sufficient fd, water, medicine and batteries fr emergency. During a hurricane, yu’d better stay in the shelter, away frm windws and listen t weather warning. D nt assume the strm has passed and g ut even if the wind stps. Dangerus winds may return.
Yurs
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，在某国际学校就读。因你所在海滨城市经常有飓风袭扰，必须提醒新来的英国交换生 Kate了解安全须知。请你用英语给她发一封电子邮件。
【详解】1.词汇积累
告知：infrm sb. f sth.→tell sb. sth.
重要：matter→cunt
建议：tip→advice
充足的：sufficient→enugh
2.句式拓展
合并句子
原句：D nt assume the strm has passed and g ut even if the wind stps. Dangerus winds may return.
拓展句：D nt assume the strm has passed and g ut even if the wind stps because dangerus winds may return.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m writing t infrm yu a newcmer, f sme tips n hurricane safety s that yu can survive this cmmn threat t a castal city. (运用了目的状语从句)
[高分句型2] Clse windws and bring indrs anything that culd blw away. (运用了that引导的定语从句)
Passage2
Dear readers,
I’m writing t tell yu smething abut tsunamis and give yu sme advice n hw t prtect us when tsunamis break ut.
Tsunamis are usually caused by strng earthquakes that happen in ceans. Great sea waves will be pushed twards shres with great speed. If tsunamis happen, peple living near the shres will be in danger. The buildings will als be destryed.
T prtect urselves frm the natural disaster, here are sme suggestins fr yu. First, when we are playing r living near the shre, it’s vital fr us t be aware f the warning system s that we can be prepared fr disasters. Secnd, if tsunamis happen, we must run twards high land as fast as pssible. Hlding tight t branches r driftwd, we can als save ur lives.
I hpe my advice will be helpful. I wish all f us can prtect urselves frm dangers and live a happy life.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求学生写一封建议性。内容包括海啸的形成和危害，以及对如何防御和逃生给予建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：advice→suggestins
爆发：happen→break ut
意识到：realize→be aware f
重要的：vital→essential
2.句式拓展
原句：Hlding tight t branches r driftwd can als save ur lives.
拓展句：If we hld tight t branches r driftwd, we can als save ur lives.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 If tsunamis happen, peple living near the shres will be in danger.(运用了现在分词做后置定语修饰名词)
【高分句型2】First, when we are playing r living near the shre, it’s vital fr us t be aware f the warning system s that we can be well-prepared fr disasters.(运用了it作形式主语，t d不定式做真正的主语以及s that引导的目的状语从句)
¤读后续写练
One pssible versin:
Para 1.
If yu stay utdrs during an earthquake, g t an area which is as pen as pssible. Dn’t mve t buildings, electric ples and ther bjects which may fall during an earthquake and injure yu. If yu are driving, stp the car as sn as pssible and stay in yur car. Prtect yur head and stay lw t the grund till the shaking ends and it is safe t mve. If yu are clse t the sea, try t get as far away frm the water as pssible. Earthquakes can cause huge waves that can really harm the peple nearby.
Para 2.
After an earthquake, many buildings are less strng, althugh they appear safe. If yu stay indrs, mve peple frm the building quickly and help disabled r injured peple. Once utdrs, mve well away frm the building s that if it falls dwn, yu will nt be injured. Wait till public safety fficials annunce that it is safe t stay indrs. By planning ahead and keeping calm during an earthquake, yu can greatly increase yur chances f survival withut injury.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。一次严重的地震是一次可怕的经历，人们很容易忘记混乱的安全措施。幸运的是，大多数地震安全措施都是常识，但如果你忘了其他的事情，请记住以下指示:蹲下，找掩护，抓住。文章主要介绍了一些有关地震安全的知识。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“如果你在地震期间呆在户外，去一个尽可能开放的地方。”可知，第一段可描写在户外躲避地震的方法。
②由第二段首句内容“地震过后，许多建筑物虽然看起来很安全，但并不坚固。”可知，第二段可描写在室内躲避地震的方法。
2.续写线索：在户外——去开放的地方——远离大海——在室内——尽快转移出去——户外远离建筑物
3.词汇激活
行为类
受伤：be injured/ injury/ be wunded
落下：fall / drp dwn
保持冷静：keep calm / keep ne's head
情绪类
安全：safety /safe/ secure
非常：greatly/ enrmusly
【点睛】[高分句型1] If yu are driving, stp the car as sn as pssible and stay in yur car. (运用了if引导条件状语从句)
[高分句型2] By planning ahead and keeping calm during an earthquake, yu can greatly increase yur chances f survival withut injury. (运用了动名词作宾语)序号
内容
Part1
话题综述和感知
Part2
相关话题阅读练
Part3
话题写作常用词汇和结构
Part4
话题写作练（应用文、读后续写）