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01专题网络·思维脑图
02考情分析·解密高考
03高频考点·以考定法
考点 细节理解题
【高考解密】
命题点01 直接信息题
命题点02 间接信息题
命题点03 数字计算题
【技巧解密】
【考向预测】
04核心素养·微专题
微专题 如何通过还原法定位细节理解题的正确答案
05创新好题·分层练
考点 细节理解题
命题点01 直接信息题
典例01
【2023年全国乙卷A篇段】PRACTITIONERS
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) wrked as a nurse fr eight years befre studying in medical cllege in Bstn in 1860. Fur years later, she was the first African American wman t receive a medical degree. She mved t Virginia in 1865, where she prvided medical care t freed slaves.
23. Wh was the first African American with a medical degree?
A Jacqueline Felice de Almania.B. Tan Yunxian.
James Barry.D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
【答案】D
【解析】文章最后一个人物介绍的第二句原词出现the first African American wman，可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一个拥有医学学位的非裔美国人。
典例02
（2023年新高考I卷A 篇片段）
Guided City Turs
The 2.5-hur tur cvers the Gyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much mre. The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. Yu can buy yur ticket in a MacBike shp r bk nline.
3. Where des the guided city tur start?
A. The Gyer, Windmill.B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery.D. Dam Square.
【答案】 D
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。
典例03
【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】
A
Yellwstne Natinal Park ffers a variety f ranger prgrammes thrughut the park, and thrughut the year. The fllwing are descriptins f the ranger prgrammes this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellwstne (May 26 t September 2)
Whether yu’re hiking a backcuntry trail (小径), camping, r just enjying the park’s amazing wildlife frm the rad, this quick wrkshp is fr yu and yur family. Learn where t lk fr animals and hw t safely enjy yur wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyn Village Stre.
Junir Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 t August 21)
Kids can test their skills and cmpare their abilities t the animals f Yellwstne. Stay fr as little r as lng as yur plans allw. Meet in frnt f the Visitr Educatin Centre.
Canyn Talks at Artist Pint (June 9 t September 2)
Frm a classic viewpint, enjy Lwer Falls, the Yellwstne River, and the breathtaking clurs f the canyn (峡谷) while learning abut the area’s natural and human histry. Discver why artists and phtgraphers cntinue t be drawn t this special place. Meet n the lwer platfrm at Artist Pint n the Suth Rim Drive fr this shrt talk.
Phtgraphy Wrkshps (June 19 & July 10)
Enhance yur phtgraphy skills—jin Yellwstne’s park phtgrapher fr a hands-n prgramme t inspire new and creative ways f enjying the beauty and wnder f Yellwstne.
6/19—Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Pint.
7/10—Wildflwers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
21.Which f the fur prgrammes begins the earliest?
A.Phtgraphy Wrkshps.
B.Junir Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C.Canyn Talks at Artist Pint.
D.Experiencing Wildlife in Yellwstne.
【答案】D
【文章定位】根据各个活动的时间“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellwstne (May 26 t September 2)”、“Junir Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 t August 21)”、“Canyn Talks at Artist Pint (June 9 t September 2)”及“Phtgraphy Wrkshps (June 19 & July 10)”可知，答案为D。
命题点02 间接信息题
典例01
（2023年新高考I卷B篇片段）
When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A ditry stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
4. What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. He was fnd f traveling.B. He enjyed being alne.
C. He had an inquiring mind.D. He lnged t be a dctr.
【答案】 C
【解析】细节理解题。对原文多处信息整合。根据第一段“When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A ditry stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.(当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals?(在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
典例02
【2023年全国甲卷B篇片段】
Terri, wh nw rents a huse with friends in Wandswrth, Suth West Lndn, says DIY als saves her frm lsing any depsit when a tenancy (租期) cmes t an end. She adds: “I’ve mved huse many times and I always like t persnalise my rm and put up pictures, s, it’s been useful t knw hw t cver up hles and repaint a rm t avid any charges when I’ve mved ut.”
26. Hw did Terri avid lsing the depsit n the huse she rented?
A. By making it lk like befre.B. By furnishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a rmmate.D. By cancelling the rental agreement.
【答案】 A
【解析】根据本段最后一句“ “S, it’s been useful t knw hw t cver up hles and repaint a rm t avid any charges when I’ve mved ut. ”可知，Terri是通过粉饰房间，让它看起来像以前一样，来避免被扣除租房的押金的。
命题点03 数字计算题
典例01
【2023全国乙卷C篇片段】Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK’s bsessin (痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
10. Which is the percentage f the peple using mre diverse ingredients nw?
A. 20%.B. 24%.C. 25%.D. 33%.
【答案】10. D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre.”（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。
典例02
【2018·全国Ⅰ卷C篇片段】At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages. The distributin f these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild znes have relatively few languages. Often spken by many peple while ht, wet znes have lts, ften spken by small numbers. Eurpe has nly arund 200 Languages: the Americas abut 1,000, Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, f which Papua New Guinea alne accunts fr well ver 800. The median number(中位数) f speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the wrlds languages are spken by fewer peple than that.
34．Hw many languages are spken by less than 6, 000 peple at present?
A．Abut 6,800 .B．Abut 3,400
C．Abut 2,400D．Abut 1,200.
【答案】B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages.和The median number (中位数) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld’s languages are spken by fewer peple than that. 可知，目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400。故选B。
细节理解题一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的“半壁江山”。这类题考点可以源自段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内综合信息的理解。考查内容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。
常见的命题方式通常有：
1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, wh, hw much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；
2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, nt true / false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少；
3. 以Accrding t… 开头提问方式；
4. 以填空题的形式，如：
（1）T avid attracting muntain lins, peple are advised________.
（2）By the first sentence f the passage authr means that________.
（3）It seems that nw a cuntry’s ecnmy depends much n________.
（4）If yu are interested in knwing abut what peple’s life will be, yu may visit________.
（5）The plicemen were tld “t lk the ther way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) s that________ .
（6）The pliceman wh said “Gd evening” t Rlls wanted t________.
5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。
做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的方法．先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句．仔细品味，对照比较．确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法．将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。
了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。
有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断．此类试题在高考中占大多数。
考向01-直接信息题
（2023上·吉林通化·高三梅河口市第五中学校考期中）Adlescence (青春期) is a stressful time. Frm friends t families, frm hme t schl, stressful situatins becme cmmn. Nw, a new study shws an unexpected factr (因素) might cause teens t respnd strngly t stress.
Jnas Miller, a psychlgist at Stanfrd University, wanted t knw whether air pllutin might affect teens’ respnse t stress. his team recruited (招募) 144 tweens and teens fr the study, mst f whm lived in r near San Francisc, which ranks amng the ten U.S. cities having the wrst air quality. The researchers used data n air pllutin cllected by the city t see hw plluted the air was near each recruit’s hme. They then cllected physical. and scial infrmatin abut the students and invited them t participate in a stressfuf.test.
Befre the test, the researchers used sensrs t recrd participants’ heart rate and sweat levels fr five minutes-as they rested. Then the test began. A researcher read alud the beginning f a stry and tld each participant t make up an exciting ending, which they wuld have t memrize and present alud t a judge. After finishing this task, the judge had the participant d math prblems. If they made a mistake, they had t start ver. The whle time, sensrs recrded heart rate and sweat levels.
At rest, all the students had similar heart rates and sweat levels, Miller fund. But as the test gt tugh, kids frm neighbrhds with mre air pllutin reacted mre strngly t stress. Their heartbeats became irregular. They sweated mre than teens wh lived in cleaner places.
Miller lked at ther pssible causes f thse strng reactins in the students. including their height and weight, stage f adlescence, family incme and neighbrhd. Nne f them explained the strnger stress respnse. Such respnses are linked t negative feelings, Miller ntes. Over time, these respnses can “cntribute t prblems with bth physical and mental health”.
“This is an interesting study,” says Anjum Hajat, an epidemilgist wh studies the causes f disease. Miller’s study “prvides unique evidence f the negative health impacts f air pllutin amng adlescents,” Hajat says.
2．What were participants asked t d in the stressful test?
A．Retell an exciting stry.B．Invent an ending t a stry.
C．Make up an amusing stry.D．Find the mistakes in a stry.
3．What did Miller take int cnsideratin when analyzing his research results?
A．Parents’ incme.B．Parents’ educatin.
C．Children’ s mental health.D．Child-parent relatinship.
【答案】 2．B 3. A
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A researcher read alud the beginning f a stry and tld each participant t make up an exciting ending, which they wuld have t memrize and present alud t a judge”可知，在压力测试中，一位研究人员会大声朗读故事的开头，然后让每个参与者编出故事的结尾，并大声叙述给评委。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Miller lked at ther pssible causes f thse strng reactins in the students, including their height and weight, stage f adlescence, family incme and neighbrhd”可知，Miller还研究了其他可能导致青少年强烈反应的因素，包括他们的身高和体重、处于青春期的哪个阶段、家庭收入和邻里关系。A项“Parents’ incme.(父母收入)”属于家庭收入。故选A。
考向02-间接信息题
（2023·四川成都·校联考二模）A team f researchers at the Chinese Academy f Sciences, has develped an artificial finger that was able t identify certain surface materials with 90% accuracy.
In their paper the grup describes hw they used tribelectric (摩擦电)sensrs t give their test finger an ability t gain a sense f tuch. Previus research has led t the develpment f rbtic fingers that have the ability t recgnize certain attributes f certain surfaces, such as pressure r temperature. Hwever, the team has taken ne step further by adding the ability t identify a material itself.
The finger was created by applying small square sensrs t the tip f a finger-shaped bject: Each f the squares was made f a different kind f plastic plymer (聚合物), each chsen because f their unique electrical prperties. When such sensrs are mved clse t an bject, electrns frm the sensrs interact with materials in unique ways.
The sensrs beneath the plymer were all cnnected t their wn prcessrs (处理器) inside f the finger, which were then cnnected tgether t allw fr cmparisn f results- and fr machine learning-based data analysis. The researchers als attached a tiny LCD screen fr displaying results.
The researchers then tested their finger by having it tuch varius flat surfaces such as thse made f glass, wd, plastic and silicn. They fund it capable f identifying the right material 96.8% f the time, with a minimum accuracy f 90% fr all f the surfaces. The researchers als tested the finger fr endurance and fund that it held up well enugh fr industrial applicatins.
The researchers think that their finger culd be cnnected directly t a cntrl mechanism in industry. They als nte that such a finger culd als be used n a full-sized human rbt. They pint ut that the technlgy culd likely be used in prsthetic (假肢) devices t help restre a certain degree f tuch fr peple wh have lst such an ability.
10．What can we learn abut the artificial finger?
A．The sensrs in the finger can d the analysis themselves.
B．The plastic plymer chsen has the ‘same electrical prperties.
C．The electrns can react with the surface that the finger tuches.
D．Electrns frm its sensrs can differently interact with materials.
11．Hw did the researcher learn abut the results?
A．An LCD screen will shw them the results.
B．The artificial finger can display the results directly.
C．They can wrk ut the results using special sftware.
D．Prcessrs inside the finger will send them messages.
【答案】 10．D 11．A
10．细节理解题。根据第三段“When such sensrs are mved clse t an bject, electrns frm the sensrs interact with materials in unique ways.(当这种传感器靠近物体时，来自传感器的电子以独特的方式与材料相互作用)” 可知，来自传感器的电子与材料的相互作用方式不同。故选D。
11．细节理解题。根据第四段“The researchers als attached a tiny LCD screen fr displaying results.(研究人员还安装了一个微小的LCD屏幕来显示结果)”可知，液晶显示屏会显示结果。故选A。
如何通过还原法定位细节理解题的正确答案
1.定位词的选用
(1)特殊定位词
在很多题目当中会出现人名、地名、数字、年份和大写字母缩写这五类特殊词。因为它们的特点是在一篇多数是英文小写字母的文章里非常的醒目，所以很快就能够做到精确定位。
[示例1]
HUNCH is designed t cnnect high schl classrms with NASA engineers.Fr the past tw years，Grdn’s students have been studying ways t kill bacteria in zer gravity，and they think they’re clse t a slutin(解决方案).“We dn’t give the students any breaks.They have t d it just like NASA engineers，” says Flrence Gld，a prject manager.
33.What is the purpse f the HUNCH prgram?
A.T strengthen teacher-student relatinships.
B.T sharpen students’ cmmunicatin skills.
C.T allw students t experience zer gravity.
D.T link space technlgy with schl educatin.
【答案】D
【解析】本题可以根据特殊定位词HUNCH可以定位到本段的第一句“HUNCH is designed t cnnect high schl classrms with NASA engineers.”可知，HUNCH项目的目的是把学校教育与航天技术联系在一起，故答案为D。
(2)普通定位词
普通定位词与特殊定位词相比，出现的几率更高。当我们看到题中没有特殊定位词的情况下，要思考的就是在这道似乎没有啥重点的词语中挑选出最能帮助我们快速找到定位的词语。可以当做定位词的首选是名词，其次是动词。
[示例2]
In Save Mney：Gd Fd，she visits a different hme each week and with the help f chef Matt Tebbutt ffers tp tips n hw t reduce fd waste，while preparing recipes fr under ￡5 per family a day.And the Gd Mrning Britain presenter says she’s been able t put a lt f what she’s learnt int practice in her wn hme，preparing meals fr sns，Sam，14，Finn，13，and Jack，11.
25.Hw des Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A.He buys cking materials fr her.
B.He prepares fd fr her kids.
C.He assists her in cking matters.
D.He invites guest families fr her.
【答案】C
【解析】由于比较醒目人名Matt Tebbutt和 Susanna在文中出现多次，所以不能作为定位词。本题可以利用题干中的动词help来定位，从而找到原文信息“with the help f chef Matt Tebbutt ffers tp tips n hw t reduce fd waste”。
2.挑选定位词的注意点
(1)文章中的高频词不能作为定位词
定位词的最大优势就是可以缩小阅读范围，如果我们定位了一个在文章中处处可能出现的词语，那就失去了定位的意义。
(2)定位词和文中词有可能是词义转换
在实际做题过程中还要注意，不是所有的题目都可以用定位词来定位的。而且如果是遇到细节信息定位题，很多时候定位词的作用被削弱了，因为题目中的词和文中的词会以同义词替换的形式出现。所以建议考生一方面要掌握如何去找定位词，另外一方面要提高自己的阅读词汇量，尤其是同义词转换，这样才能一击必中，快速找到答案出现的地方解决问题。
[示例1]
Cherry Blssm Bike Tur in Washingtn，D.C.
Duratin：3 hurs
This small grup bike tur is a fantastic way t see the wrld-famus cherry trees with beautiful flwers f Washingtn， guide will prvide a histry lessn abut the trees and the famus mnuments where they blssm.Reserve yur spt befre availability—and the cherry blssms—disappear!
21.Which tur d yu need t bk in advance?
A.Cherry Blssm Bike Tur in Washingtn，D.C.
B.Washingtn Capital Mnuments Bicycle Tur.
C.Capital City Bike Tur in Washingtn，D.C.
D.Washingtn Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tur.
【答案】A
【解析】本题可以用同义词定位：bk in advance ＝reserve“预约”。根据第一条自行车旅行路线中的“Reserve yur spt befre availability—and the cherry blssms—disappear！”可知，选择这条自行车旅行路线需要提前预订。
（2023上·江苏·高三江苏省前黄高级中学校考期中）Camping tips: Which vernight wilderness experience is right fr yu?
If yu’re an experienced backpacker, read n further. This article is fr camping rkies, thse wh have never slept beneath the stars r haven’t pitched (搭建) a tent since their yuth but are seriusly thinking abut vernighting in the wilderness.
Car camping
At its mst basic, car camping invlves packing a tent, sleeping bag, fld-up chair, cler and camp stve int yur vehicle and staying at a drive-up campgrund. Nearly every natinal park, and many state and cunty parks and private facilities, ffer drive-up campgrunds with restrms, ptable water, fire rings r pits, and maybe even ht shwers. S there are lts f chices.
The dwnside f car camping is the fact that these campgrunds are ften packed with ther campers. Nt a lt f privacy, they can be nisy, and pssibly hinder (阻碍) yur quest f cmmuning with nature.
Backpacking
N vehicle required; just yur feet and a gd pair f hiking bts r shes t get yu t the next vernight spt. A multi-day hiking trip is withut dubt the mst immersive way t experience the great utdrs.
Different frm maybe car camping, it requires the least expense and equipment. All yu really need are a backpack, sleeping bag, water bttle, small first-aid kit, enugh fd t last the entire travel. It can be dne just abut anywhere n the planet.
Bat Camping
While this des invlve wning r renting a watercraft r using a ferry r water taxi service t reach the vernight site, camping via cane, kayak, raft r bat ffers a similar get-away-frm-it-all adventure as backpacking.
Experienced paddlers and baters usually prefer t camp n their wn alng a quiet shreline. But many adventure r wilderness utfitters ffer guided trips that can last anywhere frm a cuple f days t tw r three weeks. With a bat, yu can smetimes camp places that nt even backpackers can reach.
1．Wh are the intended readers?
A．Red-blded males.B．White-cllar staff.
C．Green-hand campers.D．Blue-blded turists.
2．What can yu learn frm the passage?
A．Bat camping ffers the same adventures as backpacking.
B．Backpacking allws yu t cmmunicate with nature deeply.
C．Car camping is the mst ecnmical way t experience nature.
D．The drive-up campgrunds prvide peple with private envirnment.
3．In which clumn will yu find this passage?
A．Business.B．Entertainment.C．Style.D．Travel.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要给露营新手介绍了几种露营方式和建议。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“If yu’re an experienced backpacker, read n further. This article is fr camping rkies, thse wh have never slept beneath the stars r haven’t pitched (搭建) a tent since their yuth but are seriusly thinking abut vernighting in the wilderness. (如果你是一个有经验的背包客，不要再往下读了。这篇文章是写给露营新手的，他们从年轻时就没有在星空下睡过觉，也没有搭过帐篷，但正在认真考虑在野外过夜。)”可知，这篇文章是写给那些没有在野外露营过，但是正在认真考虑在野外露营的新手；由此可知，这篇文章的目标读者是露营新手。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据“Backpacking”下文介绍第一段中的“A multi-day hiking trip is withut dubt the mst immersive way t experience the great utdrs. (多日徒步旅行无疑是体验户外美景的最身临其境的方式。)”可知，背包旅行可以让你以身临其境的方式去体验户外美景；由此可知，背包旅行可以亲身体验户外美景，与大自然进行深入的交流。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章标题“Camping tips: Which vernight wilderness experience is right fr yu?(露营小贴士：哪种夜间荒野体验最适合你？)”以及第一段“If yu’re an experienced backpacker, read n further. This article is fr camping rkies, thse wh have never slept beneath the stars r haven’t pitched (搭建) a tent since their yuth but are seriusly thinking abut vernighting in the wilderness. (如果你是一个有经验的背包客，不要再往下读了。这篇文章是写给露营新手的，他们从年轻时就没有在星空下睡过觉，也没有搭过帐篷，但正在认真考虑在野外过夜。)”可知，文章主要讲的是针对于露营新手的几种露营方式和建议；由此推知，你可能在旅行板块一栏找到这篇文章。故选D项。
（2023上·湖北·高三华中师大一附中校考期中）In 2022, campaign grup Fashin Revlutin Chelsea dye garden fr its Chelsea Flwer Shw presentatin. An ancient craft, natural dyeing is a practice whse time has cme again, with hand tie-dyed fashin als making a cmeback in recent years.
The revival has been encuraged by Cvid lckdwns, “which allwed peple t explre the craft at hme,” says natural-dyeing enthusiast and teacher Susan Dye. It’s unlikely, thugh, that the practice wuld have caught n in quite the same way if nt fr a cntinually grwing discmfrt abut fashin’s heavy ftprint. Frm carbn emissins t animal cruelty, fashin is under cnsiderable inspectin. “Put it this way, 97% f dyes used in the industry are petrchemically (石油化学产品) based,” says sustainable fashin cnsultant Jackie Andrews, wh helped advise the UN Ethical Fashin Initiative. “We’ve gt net zer targets which mean we’re ging t have t remve all thse petrchemicals frm the manufacturing cycle.”
Fashin is a huge plluter. Accrding t the UN Envirnment Prgram, the industry is respnsible fr up t ne-fifth f all industrial water pllutin — due t the fact that mst clthes tday are prduced in prer cuntries where regulatin is weak and enfrcement weaker still. Waste water is dumped directly int rivers and streams, pisning the land as well as the water surces f peple and animals wh rely n them.
It’s easy t see why smene wh cares abut peple, planet and animals, as well as clthes, might turn t natural plant dyeing. Frm the beauty f the raw materials-ften wild plants-t the prperty f nly bnding with natural fiber like cttn and linen, frm the minr ftprint f upclycling ld clthing that has grayed r faded ver time t the vibrant and lng-lasting dyeing results, plant dyeing feels like a quiet act f rebellin. This is why, while beginners start with simply changing their clthes’ clr, new wrlds pen. Many f tday’s natural dyers grw their wn dye plants, run lcal cmmunity wrkshps, and advcate fr change in industrialized fashin systems and beynd.
4．What is the main reasn fr the grwing discmfrt mentined in paragraph 2?
A．The adptin f petrchemical-based dyes.
B．The challenging net zer targets t be achieved.
C．The fashin industry’s fcus n luxurius designs.
D．The disturbing cnsequences f the fashin industry.
5．The authr illustrates “Fashin is a huge plluter” by ______.
A．making a cmparisnB．giving examples
C．listing numbersD．intrducing a new tpic
6．What des the underlined phrase “a quiet act f rebellin” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A．A prtest against turning t natural fiber.
B．An bjectin t upcycling ld clthing.
C．A struggle fr a sustainable fashin industry.
D．A resistance t vibrant clrs in natural dyeing.
7．What wuld be the mst suitable title fr the passage?
A．The Envirnmental Impact f Natural Dyeing
B．Fashin Revlutin’s Dye Garden Presentatin
C．The Return f Natural Dyeing with Ethical Appeal
D．The Petrchemical Dye Industry and Its Challenges
【答案】4．D 5．B 6．C 7．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍天然染色工艺的回归。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s unlikely, thugh, that the practice wuld have caught n in quite the same way if nt fr a cntinually grwing discmfrt abut fashin’s heavy ftprint. Frm carbn emissins t animal cruelty, fashin is under cnsiderable inspectin. (然而，如果不是因为人们对时尚的沉重足迹不断感到不安，这种做法不太可能以同样的方式流行起来。从碳排放到虐待动物，时尚都受到了广泛的关注。)”可知，时尚业也存在碳排放到虐待动物问题，所以人们感到不适是因为时尚产业令人不安的后果。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段“Fashin is a huge plluter. Accrding t the UN Envirnment Prgram, the industry is respnsible fr up t ne-fifth f all industrial water pllutin — due t the fact that mst clthes tday are prduced in prer cuntries where regulatin is weak and enfrcement weaker still. Waste water is dumped directly int rivers and streams, pisning the land as well as the water surces f peple and animals wh rely n them. (时尚是一个巨大的污染源。根据联合国环境规划署的数据，该行业造成了高达五分之一的工业水污染，因为目前大多数服装都是在监管薄弱、执法力度更弱的贫穷国家生产的。废水被直接倾倒到河流和溪流中，毒害了土地以及依赖它们的人和动物的水源。)”可知，这一段利用实际例子来说明时尚是一个巨大的污染源。故选B。
6．词句猜测题。根据第四段“It’s easy t see why smene wh cares abut peple, planet and animals, as well as clthes, might turn t natural plant dyeing. Frm the beauty f the raw materials-ften wild plants-t the prperty f nly bnding with natural fiber like cttn and linen, frm the minr ftprint f upclycling ld clthing that has grayed r faded ver time t the vibrant and lng-lasting dyeing results, plant dyeing feels like a quiet act f rebellin. (很容易理解为什么一个关心人、地球、动物以及衣服的人会转向天然植物染色。从原料的美丽（通常是野生植物）到只与棉花和亚麻等天然纤维结合的特性，从随着时间的推移变灰或褪色的旧衣服的微小足迹到充满活力和持久的染色效果，植物染色感觉就像是a quiet act f rebellin。)”可知，这里是描述指物染色和化学染色不一样，所以它是对化学染色的反抗，是对可持续发展的维护。a quiet act f rebellin的意思应该是“为可持续发展而做的斗争”，和选项C意思一致。故选C。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In 2022, campaign grup Fashin Revlutin Chelsea dye garden fr its Chelsea Flwer Shw presentatin. An ancient craft, natural dyeing is a practice whse time has cme again, with hand tie-dyed fashin als making a cmeback in recent years. (2022年，时尚革命运动组织切尔西染料花园在切尔西花展上亮相。天然染色是一种古老的工艺，它的时代又来了，近年来手工扎染的时尚也卷土重来。)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍天然染色工艺的回归，C项“天然染色的回归与伦理诉求”符合文意。故选C。
（2023上·江苏南通·高三如皋市搬经中学校联考期中）I was driving when my phne alerted me t a new email. Filled with eager anticipatin, I pulled ver, turned n my hazard lights, and pened it. My emtins quickly changed as I learned, fr the sixth and final time, that I had been denied a prmtin t full prfessr. My institutin didn’t seem t value what I brught t the table. But when I tld my family that night, my children ffered a surprisingly psitive respnse. They were excited t see what I was ging t d next, they said. They apparently knew lng befre I did that lsing my bid fr a prmtin wuld turn ut t be the best thing that culd have happened fr me.
This had been the final step in a lng prcess spanning 15 mnths and invlving s much effrt. I had started by studying successful prmtin bids and asking senir schlars fr frank discussins abut my readiness. I had carefully prepared my applicatin packet, summarizing everything I had achieved in my career. Fr mre than a year, I had spent hurs every day trying t prve my wrth t my university.
T my surprise, having a final answer brught a welcme sense f clsure. As a first step tward healing, I decided t priritize my wn values and fllw my wn internal cmpass. I discnnected frm peple in my life wh vilated my values, cultivated my relatinships with thse wh share my pririties and bring ut the best in me, and spent mre time with my family. I funded a nnprfit that helps first-generatin and lw-incme students and yung prfessinals advance in the wrkfrce while serving their cmmunity. The initiative had lng been a dream f mine, but I never pursued it because typical academic hiring and prmtin dn’t reward such effrts. Nw, such cnsideratins were n lnger my Nrth Star.
Five mnths after that email frm tp leadership, I fund myself in the car again, experiencing anther career-defining mment. I may have lst my bid fr a big prmtin, but in the end, it brught me t the right place.
8．What did the authr feel after he read the email?
A．Anxius and annyed.B．Embarrassed and ashamed.
C．Relieved and peaceful.D．Disappinted and srrwful.
9．What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A．What cntributins the writer had made.B．What preparatins the writer had made.
C．Hw successful the career had been.D．Hw tiring the prcess had been.
10．Which f the fllwing wuld the writer prbably agree with?
A．Success is mre than a title r a rank.
B．One’s internal cmpass is t be develped.
C．Serving the cmmunity may heal a brken heart.
D．One’s real value first lies in his family interactin.
11．What can be the best title fr the text?
A．Emails: my Nrth Star
B．Full prfessr: a duble-edged swrd
C．A career setback becmes a great pprtunity
D．An academic career witnesses a failed prmtin
【答案】8．D 9．B 10．A 11．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在自己多次申请正教授被拒后，思想方面发生了转变，以及最后找到另一份更好的工作的经历。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Filled with eager anticipatin, I pulled ver, turned n my hazard lights, and pened it. My emtins quickly changed as I learned, fr the sixth and final time, that I had been denied a prmtin t full prfessr. My institutin didn’t seem t value what I brught t the table.(我满怀期待地把车停在路边，打开危险灯，打开车门。当我第六次也是最后一次得知自己被拒绝晋升为正教授时，我的情绪迅速发生了变化。我所在的机构似乎并不看重我带来的东西。)”可知，作者满怀期待打开邮件，却发现自己再一次被拒绝，由此可推知，作者读完邮件之后的心情应该是失望的和悲伤的。故选D。
9．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“This had been the final step in a lng prcess spanning 15 mnths and invlving s much effrt. I had started by studying successful prmtin bids and asking senir schlars fr frank discussins abut my readiness. I had carefully prepared my applicatin packet, summarizing everything I had achieved in my career. Fr mre than a year, I had spent hurs every day trying t prve my wrth t my university.(这是一个长达15个月的漫长过程的最后一步，涉及了如此多的努力。我从研究成功的晋升案例开始，并请资深学者坦率地讨论我的准备情况。我仔细准备了我的申请材料，总结了我在职业生涯中取得的所有成就。在一年多的时间里，我每天都花几个小时来证明我对学校的价值。)”可知，第二段主要讲述了作者做了怎样的准备。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The initiative had lng been a dream f mine, but I never pursued it because typical academic hiring and prmtin dn’t reward such effrts. Nw, such cnsideratins were n lnger my Nrth Star.(这个计划一直是我的梦想，但我从未追求过，因为典型的学术招聘和晋升不会奖励这种努力。现在，这样的考虑不再是我的北极星。)”和文章最后一段“I may have lst my bid fr a big prmtin, but in the end, it brught me t the right place.(我可能失去了一次大的晋升机会，但最终，它把我带到了正确的地方。)”可推知，作者可能会同意成功不仅仅是一个头衔或地位。故选A。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Five mnths after that email frm tp leadership, I fund myself in the car again, experiencing anther career-defining mment. I may have lst my bid fr a big prmtin, but in the end, it brught me t the right place.(收到那封来自高层领导的电子邮件五个月后，我发现自己又坐在车里，经历了另一个职业生涯的决定性时刻。我可能失去了一次大的晋升机会，但最终，它把我带到了正确的地方。)”和全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者在自己多次申请正教授被拒后，思想方面发生了转变，以及最后找到另一份更好的工作的经历。由此可知，C项：A career setback becmes a great pprtunity(事业上的挫折会变成一次绝好的机会)是最好的标题。故选C。
（2023上·北京房山·高三北京市房山区良乡中学校考期中）My sn just turned 14 and des nt have a smartphne. When he graduated frm Grade 8, he was the nly kid in his class withut ne. He asks fr a phne nw that he’s ging t high schl. I say n, he asks why, I explain(yet again), and he pushes back.
“Yu can chse t d things differently when yu’re a parent,” I tld him. But smetimes, I wnder if I’m being t stubbrn r unfair.
The mre I research, the mre cnfident I feel in my decisin. Many studies link the current mental health crisis amng adlescents t fundamental changes in hw they scialize, namely, the shift frm in-persn t nline interactin.
But ther parents challenge my perspective. “He must feel s left ut!” Then there are the parents wh tell me with prfund sadness that they wish they had delayed their teenager’s phne wnership lnger than they did. They urge me t hld ut.
If teenagers between the ages f 13 and 18 are truly spending an average f 8 hurs 39 minutes per day n their devices, as stated in a 2021 survey cnducted by the nn-prfit research rganizatin Cmmn Sense Media, then what are they nt ding? Kids absrbed in their devices are missing ut n real life, and that strikes me as really sad.
I want my sn t have a childhd he feels satisfied with and prud f. I want it t be full f adventures, imaginative play and physical challenges which he must srt ut himself—and emerge strnger—withut asking fr me at the push f a buttn.
The easiest and simplest way t achieve these gals is t delay giving him a smartphne.
Sme think my sn is missing ut r falling behind, but he is nt. He des well in schl and extracurricular activities, hangs ut with his friends in persn, and mves independently arund ur small twn. He swears (发誓) he’ll give his wn 14-year-ld a phne smeday, and I tell him that’s fine. But recently, he admitted that he missed the beautiful scenery n a drive t a nearby muntain because he had been s absrbed in his friend’s iPad.
If that is his versin f admitting I’m right, I’ll take it.
12．What is the authr’s primary cncern regarding giving her sn a smartphne?
A．Her sn’s scial life.B．Her sn’s well-being.
C．Her sn’s time management.D．Her sn’s academic perfrmance.
13．What is the main pint the authr intends t express in paragraph 5?
A．Her dubts abut the reliability f a teenage survey.
B．The rise f smartphne addictin amng teenagers.
C．The ptential negative effects f excessive phne usage.
D．The factrs cntributing t teenage smartphne addictin.
14．What quality des the text suggest the authr wants her sn t develp in his childhd?
A．Team spiritB．Leadership
C．Self-relianceD．Critical thinking
15．What can be inferred abut the authr’s sn?
A．He is struggling academically.
B．He n lnger desires a smartphne.
C．He is easily influenced by his friends.
D．He has realized the drawbacks f excessive screen time.
【答案】12．B 13．C 14．C 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者反对儿子使用手机的原因。
12．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“The mre I research, the mre cnfident I feel in my decisin. Many studies link the current mental health crisis amng adlescents t fundamental changes in hw they scialize, namely, the shift frm in-persn t nline interactin. (我研究得越多，我对自己的决定就越有信心。许多研究将当前青少年的心理健康危机与他们社交方式的根本变化联系起来，即从面对面互动转向在线互动。)”可知，关于给儿子一部智能手机，作者基本的担心是孩子的心理健康。故选B。
13．主旨大意题。由文章第五段“If teenagers between the ages f 13 and 18 are truly spending an average f 8 hurs 39 minutes per day n their devices, as stated in a 2021 survey cnducted by the nn-prfit research rganizatin Cmmn Sense Media, then what are they nt ding? Kids absrbed in their devices are missing ut n real life, and that strikes me as really sad. (非营利研究机构常识媒体在2021年进行的一项调查显示，如果13至18岁的青少年真的每天平均花费8小时39分钟在他们的电子设备上，那么他们没有做什么？沉迷于电子设备的孩子们正在错过真实的生活，这让我感到非常难过。)”可知，本段主要讲述过度使用电话的潜在负面影响。故选C。
14．推理判断题。由文章第六段“I want my sn t have a childhd he feels satisfied with and prud f. I want it t be full f adventures, imaginative play and physical challenges which he must srt ut himself—and emerge strnger—withut asking fr me at the push f a buttn. (我希望我的儿子有一个他感到满意和自豪的童年。我希望它充满冒险，充满想象力的游戏和身体上的挑战，他必须自己解决这些问题，并变得更强大，而不是一按按钮就问我。)”可知，文本表明作者希望她的儿子在童年时期发展出自力更生的品质。故选C。
15．推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“Sme think my sn is missing ut r falling behind, but he is nt. He des well in schl and extracurricular activities, hangs ut with his friends in persn, and mves independently arund ur small twn. He swears(发誓)he’ll give his wn 14-year-ld a phne smeday, and I tell him that’s fine. But recently, he admitted that he missed the beautiful scenery n a drive t a nearby muntain because he had been s absrbed in his friend’s iPad. (有些人认为我的儿子错过了或落后了，但他不是。他在学校和课外活动中表现出色，和朋友们一起出去玩，在我们的小镇上独立活动。他发誓总有一天会给自己14岁的儿子一部手机，我告诉他没关系。但最近，他承认，他在开车去附近一座山的路上错过了美丽的风景，因为他太专注于朋友的iPad了。)”可知，作者的儿子已经意识到屏幕时间过长的弊端。故选D。
（2023上·河北·高三泊头市第一中学校联考期中）Fr Vishwanath Mallabadi frm Bangalre, India, there is n such thing as a useless bject r “waste”. Give him anything—abandned metal r plastic items, ld devices, dysfunctinal printed circuit bards — and he’ll create art ut f it.
Vishwanath’s passin is particularly relevant in the current age, where India generates mre e-waste than it can recycle. Frm 2019 t 2020, the cuntry generated a ttal f mre than 1 millin tnnes f e waste. Of this, nly 22.7 percent was cllected, taken apart and recycled. The ec-artist has upcycled and transfrmed nearly 200 kg f e-waste int usable prducts and prpses ec-art as a means t deal with waste management.
Vishwanath’s father, D M Shambhu, was a famus sculptr and painter, but he wanted his sn t chse medicine and becme a dctr. Hwever, Vishwanath, wh was interested in upcycling secnd-hand bjects right frm childhd, decided t pursue a BFA in Applied Art. He later went n t wrk in a cmpany as a high-level administratr and retired tw years ag. “In my free time and during the weekends. I used t cnduct experiments in e-waste and try t develp smething unique,” he recalled.
S far, the ec-artist has created mre than 500 bjects. These include a six-ft tall sculpture made frm upcycled cmputer keybard keys, and a painting inspired by Vincent Van Ggh’s The Starry Night, using upcycled resistrs (电阻器) n wd. Amng his ther artwrks are a 42×38 inch figure statue created frm upcycled keybard keys n a sun bard finished with plastics, a deer made f clrful used wires, plants and flwers frm cmputer parts, and ec jewellery frm upcycled digital wrist watch parts.
“The wrk invlves selecting the e-waste bjects—the texture, shape, and clur etc, and visualising and cnceptualising the final prduct. It might take weeks and mnths fr sculptures. Hwever, sustainable initiatives and upcycled art are nwadays in demand in multinatinal cmpanies pting fr a sustainable culture,” he said.
16．What des the authr try t cnvey in paragraph 2?
A．The seriusness f e-waste in India.
B．Vishwanath’s passin fr envirnment prtectin.
C．The achievements f waste management in India.
D．Vishwanath’s attitude twards dealing with e-waste.
17．What did Vishwanath wrk as befre retiring?
A．A passinate ec-artist.B．A private dctr.
C．A famus sculptr.D．A senir manager.
18．Which f the artwrks were made f the same materials?
A．The deer and the plants.B．The sculpture and the figure statue.
C．The painting and the flwers.D．The deer and the ec jewellery.
19．What des Vishwanath think f his wrking n ec-art?
A．Exciting but unprfitable.B．Creative but useless.
C．Demanding but wrthwhile.D．Efficient but cstly.
【答案】16．A 17．D 18．B 19．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍印度生态艺术家Vishwanath的爱好和成就。
16．推理判断题。根据第二段前三句“Vishwanath’s passin is particularly relevant in the current age, where India generates mre e-waste than it can recycle. Frm 2019 t 2020, the cuntry generated a ttal f mre than 1 millin tnnes f e waste. Of this, nly 22.7 percent was cllected, taken apart and recycled. (Vishwanath的热情在当今时代尤为重要，因为印度产生的电子垃圾比它能回收的还要多。从2019年到2020年，该国共产生了100多万吨电子垃圾。其中，只有22.7%被收集、拆解和回收。)”可知，本段主要介绍印度电子垃圾的处理现状十分严重。故选A。
17．细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“He later went n t wrk in a cmpany as a high-level administratr and retired tw years ag. (他后来在一家公司担任高级管理人员，并于两年前退休。)”可知，他退休前是一名企业高管。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据第四段第二三句“These include a six-ft tall sculpture made frm upcycled cmputer keybard keys, and a painting inspired by Vincent Van Ggh’s The Starry Night, using upcycled resistrs (电阻器) n wd. Amng his ther artwrks are a 42×38 inch figure statue created frm upcycled keybard keys n a sun bard finished with plastics, a deer made f clrful used wires, plants and flwers frm cmputer parts, and ec jewellery frm upcycled digital wrist watch parts. (其中包括一个六英尺高的雕塑，由升级回收的电脑键盘制成，以及一幅灵感来自文森特·梵高的《星夜》的画作，该画作使用了升级回收的电阻器。在他的其他作品中，有一个42×38英寸的人物雕像，用塑料制成的太阳板上的键盘键，用彩色的废旧电线制成的鹿，用电脑零件制成的植物和花朵，以及用升级回收的数字手表零件制成的生态珠宝。)”可知，一个六英尺高的雕塑以及一个42×38英寸的人物雕像的主要材料是回收的电脑键盘。故选B。
19．推理判断题。根据末段最后两句““It might take weeks and mnths fr sculptures. Hwever, sustainable initiatives and upcycled art are nwadays in demand in multinatinal cmpanies pting fr a sustainable culture,” he said. (“雕塑可能需要几周甚至几个月的时间。然而，在选择可持续文化的跨国公司中，可持续发展的倡议和升级的艺术是当今的需求，”他说。)”可知，创作雕塑品需要时间长，但是又有需求。可推断出，他的工作费时费力但是值得。故选C。
（2023上·湖北襄阳·高三校联考期中）Nw, a new trial finds antiviral medicatins, when given sn after a child is diagnsed with type 1 diabetes (糖尿病), might help preserve thse vital beta (β) cells.
Antiviral drugs culd be “used alne, r as part f cmbinatin treatment, t rescue insulin (胰岛素) — prducing beta cells at diagnsis f type 1 diabetes,” said a team that presented their findings at the annual meeting f the Eurpean Assciatin fr the Study f Diabetes, in Hamburg. S-called beta cells in the pancreas (胰腺) can generate insulin. But in sme cases, an uncntrlled aut-immune respnse causes the bdy t attack its wn beta cells, ruining a child’s capacity t prduce insulin and cause type 1 diabetes. S peple with type 1 diabetes rely n insulin injectins t maintain healthy bld sugar levels the rest f their lives.
The researchers have been investigating the rt causes f the autimmune “malfunctin” behind beta cell destructin fr years, and they discvered that lw-grade infectins with cmmn germs ften ccur in the pancreatic cells f peple newly diagnsed with type l diabetes. S what if these peple were given antivirals — in this case, plecnaril and ribavirin — t rid the pancreas f these infectins?
The new trial, led by Dr. Mynarek, sught t answer that questin. The team fllwed96 children aged 6 t 15 wh were all diagnsed with type 1 diabetes in the study. The children were randmly selected t receive either the tw antiviral medicines r a placeb (无效对照剂) fr six mnths. Mynarek’s grup tracked C-peptides levels in the bld, which “mirrr the insulin prductin in the pancreas,” implying that the higher a child’s C-peptide levels n tests, the better their pancreas was prducing insulin. Accrding t their findings, while C-peptide levels drpped a full 24% in children wh received the placeb, it fell by just 11% in thse wh gt the antivirals. That suggests the treatment helped prtect the child’s pancreatic beta cells frm destructin.
The researchers cncluded that “further studies shuld be dne t evaluate whether antiviral treatment culd delay the prgressin f beta-cell damage leading t clinical type l diabetes.”
20．What’s the functin f beta cells?
A．T attack the viruses.B．T prduce insulin.
C．T cause diabetes.D．T absrb drugs.
21．Hw des the new drug wrk fr diabetes?
A．T kill the germs infecting ur pancreas.B．T inject insulin t ur bdy.
C．T help create mre beta cells.D．T prevent cmmn germs frm attacks.
22．What des the trial find accrding t Mynarek’s grup?
A．There was n bvius difference between the tw grups.
B．The kids given a placeb shw a higher C-peptide levels than thers.
C．The kids given antiviral medicines prduce mre insulin than thers.
D．The kids taking a placeb prduce mre insulin than thers.
23．Which is the best title f the text?
A．The rt cause f diabetes has been fund
B．Beta cells culd be preserved by insulin
C．Autimmune respnse culd cause bdy diabetes
D．Antiviral medicines culd help ease Type l diabetes
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，该研究表明服用抗病毒药物可以帮助缓解1型糖尿病。
20．细节理解题。根据第二段“S-called beta cells in the pancreas (胰腺) can generate insulin. (胰腺中所谓的β细胞可以产生胰岛素)”可知beta cells的功能是产生胰岛素。故选B。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段“ S what if these peple were given antivirals — in this case, plecnaril and ribavirin — t rid the pancreas f these infectins?(那么，如果给这些人服用抗病毒药物——在这种情况下，是普莱纳尔和利巴韦林——来清除胰腺的这些感染呢？)”可知，新药物是通过消除胰腺的感染来治疗糖尿病的。故选A。
22．推理判断题。根据第四段c肽水平和胰岛素分泌能力的关系“Mynarek’s grup tracked C-peptides levels in the bld, which “mirrr the insulin prductin in the pancreas,” implying that the higher a child’s C-peptide levels n tests, the better their pancreas was prducing insulin. (Mynarek的研究小组追踪了血液中的c肽水平，它“反映了胰腺中胰岛素的产生”，这意味着在测试中，孩子的c肽水平越高，他们的胰腺分泌胰岛素的能力就越强)”以及研究结果“Accrding t their findings, while C-peptide levels drpped a full 24% in children wh received the placeb, it fell by just 11% in thse wh gt the antivirals. That suggests the treatment helped prtect the child’s pancreatic beta cells frm destructin. (根据他们的发现，服用安慰剂的儿童c肽水平下降了整整24%，而服用抗病毒药物的儿童c肽水平只下降了11%)”可知，研究表明，服用抗病毒药物的儿童c肽水平较高，即他们可分泌更多的胰岛素。故选C。
23．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Nw, a new trial finds antiviral medicatins, when given sn after a child is diagnsed with type 1 diabetes (糖尿病), might help preserve thse vital beta (β) cells. (现在，一项新的试验发现，在孩子被诊断为1型糖尿病后立即给予抗病毒药物，可能有助于保护那些至关重要的β细胞)”可知这篇文章是一项研究，研究表明服用抗病毒药物对诊断为1型糖尿病的儿童有帮助。由此可知，D选项“Antiviral medicines culd help ease Type l diabetes(抗病毒药物可以帮助缓解1型糖尿病)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。考点
考查内容
高考考题设问
细节理解题
核心价值：
高考英语试卷取材广泛、体裁多样，引导学生德智体美劳全面发展，加强对中华优秀传统文化和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂的育人功能。
第一，强化体美劳教育引导，夯实全面发展基础。在体育融入试题方面，2022 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读题选取运动促进心脏健康的语篇，写作题选取一名残疾学生积极参加跑步比赛的语篇。这些语篇和材料旨在引导学生提高运动意识，保持身心健康。在美育融入试题方面，2022 年全国甲卷听力题选取一位艺术鉴赏家谈论自己经历的材料，阅读题选取介绍英国加的夫市艺术剧院的语篇，这些语篇旨在引导学生加深对艺术的认识，培养健康向上的审美情趣。在劳动教育融入试题方面，各套试卷的语篇包含了山区支教、烹饪、做家务等信息，涉及多种工作场景，旨在引导学 生形成劳动观念，在学习和生活中培养劳动精神。
第三，关注时代发展与生活实践，引导学生培养核心素养。2022 年全国卷通过选取禁止开车使用手机、悉尼新旧文化冲突、新媒体对家庭教育和生活的影响、英国征收糖税的起因及效果等具有探讨性和思辨性的材料，引导学生形成独立思考的习惯，培养主动发现问题和解决问题的能力；通过选取高科技无人机在铁路交通中的应用、鹦鹉识别物体形状的实验、人类语言发展的研究及与捉迷藏相关的儿童心理发展实验等语篇，激发学生对科学实验与研究的兴趣通；通过选取关爱养老院老人的研究项目、勇救坠楼儿童、修复父子亲情关系等语篇,倡导友好互助、彼此关爱的和谐人际关系。
学科素养：
从话题选择来看，近三年围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题全面考查英语综合运用能力，试题取材广泛、体裁多样，进一步体现考试对五育（德、智、体、美、劳）全面发展的引导作用，加强对中华优秀传统文化、和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂育人功能。落实立德树人，彰显德育本色 。
从命题方向及趋势来看，全国卷试题高考英语试题整体难度稳定且适中，从教材出发，强调主干知识的运用以及基本能力的考查。同时全国卷试题高考英语试题注重考查学生的思维品质、创新能力以及解决实际问题的能力。
2023新高考I卷T21、T22、T23、T24、T26、T28、T33
2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷T21、T22、T23、T24、T25、T27、T29、T32、T35
2022·新高考I卷T22、T25、T26、T27、T32、T33
2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷T21、T22、T23、T25、T26、T27、T29、T34
2021·新高考I卷T21、T22、T23、T24、T26、T27、T28、T32
2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷T21、T22、T23、T24、T27、T28、T30、T32、T33、T34