北师大版高考英语一轮复习必修第2册UNIT5 HUMANS AND NATURE课时学案

这是一份北师大版高考英语一轮复习必修第2册UNIT5 HUMANS AND NATURE课时学案，共18页。


1 shck [课本义]vt.(使)震惊；(使)难以置信[增补义]n.休克；打击；震惊
①Tm was shcked t hear(hear) the shcking(shck) news that there wuld be a vlcanic eruptin.
②I am shcked at/by the news that the number f baleen whales has reduced by 99% in the last century.
Seeing heavy smke shting ut f the windw，he was numb with shck(他惊呆了)．
◎in shck震惊地；休克
be numb with shck震惊得目瞪口呆
◎be shcked by/at...对……感到震惊
be shcked t d...因做……而震惊
◎shcking adj.令人震惊的
shcked adj.感到震惊的
the mst difficult and shcking murder inquiry 最困难、最令人震惊的谋杀调查
2 escape [课本义]vi.& vt.逃离；逃避[增补义]vi.& vt.被遗忘；(气体、液体等)泄漏n.逃脱；逃避；漏出
①The frightened deer tried t escape being caught(catch) by the tiger，but in vain.
②T ur relief，these trapped miners escaped frm the cllapsed mine.
①I had a narrw escape (我死里逃生)by leaving the tent.
②Hardly had I escaped frm it (我刚从里面逃出来)when it burned dwn.
◎escape frm从……逃脱；逃避……
escape ding/being dne sth.逃避(被)做某事
◎have a narrw escape死里逃生；侥幸躲过
make n attempt t escape没有企图逃跑
sme gas escaping frm the pipe一些从管子里溢出的气体
There is n escape frm the lng arm f the law.法网恢恢，疏而不漏。
3 survive [课本义]vi.&vt.活下来；幸存[增补义]vt.比……活的时间长
①A plane crashed yesterday，and there were n survivrs (survive)．
②Amy's nly chance f survival(survive) was a liver transplant.
Life isn't abut hw t survive the strm(如何从暴风雨中幸存)；it's abut learning t dance in the rain.
◎survive sth.在……中幸免于难，挺过……
survive n sth.靠……存活
survive 比某人多活了……年
◎survivr n．幸存者
survival n．幸存，幸免
survive the severe winter 挺过这个严冬
survive her husband by ten years 比她丈夫多活十年
4 curius adj.好奇的
①Curius abut the prcess f making a lamp，the by went t the factry t make a careful bservatin.
②I am really curius t knw(knw) what cmments thers have made n my petry.
My brther always lves t ask why，and n ne seems t be able t satisfy his curisity(似乎没有人能满足他的好奇心)．
◎be curius abut对……感到好奇
be curius t d sth.极想做某事
◎curisity n．好奇；好奇心
curiusly adv.好奇地
meet/satisfy ne's curisity满足某人的好奇心
ut f curisity出于好奇
aruse my curisity引起我的好奇心
5 frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的
①They frightened the ld lady int signing(sign) the paper.
②Dn't be frightened(frighten) f making mistakes when yu speak English.
③Then we heard a frightening(frighten) sund after a bright flash f lightning.
她担心玻璃会破碎。
①She was frightened that the glass wuld break.
②She was afraid that the glass wuld break.
◎frighten sb.int/ut f ding sth.吓得某人做/不做某事
be frightened f(ding)sth.害怕(做)某事
be frightened at...(听到……)吓了一跳
◎frightening adj.令人惊恐的；骇人的
frighten v．使惊恐，使害怕
fright n．害怕；惊恐
be frightened t death 吓死
be frightened f walking hme alne in the darkness害怕在黑夜单独走着回家
6 equal [课本义]adj.相等的；相同的[增补义]n.同等的人；相等物v.与……相等，等于；比得上
①I respect my mther s much as she never treats me as a child，but as an equal.
②Equally(equal) imprtant is that yu shuld pay attentin t the balance f eclgy.
③N ne can equal him in sprts；that is t say，he is withut equal in sprts in my class.
I am sure I am equal t the psitin (我可以胜任这个职务)because I have ever wrked as a tur guide.
◎be equal t (ding) sth.等于/胜任(做)某事
◎equal sb./sth.in (ding) sth.在(做)某事上比得过某人/物
◎withut equal无与伦比
◎equality n．平等；相等
equally adv.相等地；公平地
treats every student equally平等地对待每个学生
want freedm，justice and equality 想要自由、公正和平等
7 attempt n．&vt.努力，尝试，企图
①The students wh are nt successful at the first attempt may take the exam again.
②Yu shuld make an attempt t make(make) friends with her.
昨天我试图说服他，但是徒劳无果。
①Yesterday，I attempted t persuade him，but in vain.(attempt v．)
②Yesterday，I made an attempt t persuade him，but in vain.(attempt n．)
◎attempt t d sth.尝试/试图做某事
◎make an attempt/attempts (t d sth.)尝试(做某事)
at the first attempt第一次尝试
◎attempted adj.未遂的
give up the attempt in despair在绝望中放弃
make a further attempt做进一步尝试
study hard in an attempt t pass the exam努力学习试图通过考试
8 measure [课本义]vt.估量，衡量；测量[增补义]n.措施；标准vt.评定
①Accrding t the lecture，yu can't measure smene by their appearance and the clthes they wear.
②In the US，distance is measured(measure)in miles.
(普通表达)We will d smething t prevent the river frm being plluted.
(高级表达)We will take measures t prevent the river frm being plluted.
◎用……来衡量……
be measured by/in用……来衡量/计算
◎take measures/steps/actin t d sth.采取措施做某事
make sth.t ne's measure照某人的尺寸做某物
◎measurement n．尺寸；大小；测量
measure the width f the gap 测量一下这条缝隙的宽度
take lts f measurements 得到许多测量结果
9 anxiusly adv.焦虑地；不安地
①Jack still can't help being anxius abut his jb interview.
②Peggy is anxius t shw(shw) that she can cpe with extra respnsibility.
我在忧心忡忡地等着他的电话。
①I was anxiusly waiting fr his phne call.(anxiusly)
②I was waiting fr his phne call with anxiety．(anxiety),
◎be anxius abut为……担心/忧虑
be anxius fr sth.渴望某事
be anxius t d sth.渴望做某事
◎anxiety n．忧虑，担忧
with anxiety焦虑地
anxiusly await the result f the test焦急地等待着检测的结果
hpe fr her letter anxiusly巴望着她的回信
10 breathe vi.& vt.呼吸
①Believe it r nt，the first time I happened t read the newspaper Yuth a cuple f mnths ag，I felt an urge t finish reading it in ne breath(breathe)．
②It has been prved that in the daytime，plants will breathe in carbn dixide and breathe ut xygen.
③We all became breathless(breathe) when we arrived at the crwded lecture hall in a hurry.
If yu still feel nervus，yu might take/draw a deep breath befre giving yur speech(可以在演讲前深呼吸)．
◎breathe in/ut 吸气/呼气
breathe a sigh f relief松了一口气
◎breath n．呼吸
hld ne's breath屏息；屏气
take/draw a deep breath深呼吸
ut f breath喘不过气来
in ne breath一口气，同时
◎breathless adj.气喘吁吁的，喘不过气来的
has advanced at a breathless pace进步速度惊人；日新月异
the weather was ht，withut a breath f wind天气炎热，连一丝风都没有
never breathed a wrd f this t me从来没向我透漏过一点风声
11 run ut 用完，耗尽
①We went t fast rund the crner and ran int a lamp pst.
②He was run ver and killed by a bus.
问题是我们的钱已经用完了。
①The prblem is that we have run ut f ur mney．
②The prblem is that ur mney has run ut．
run int碰撞；遇上；偶然遇到
run ver(车辆)碾压；匆匆看一遍；浏览
run after追逐；追求
run acrss无意间碰到
be ging t run ut f gas将会耗尽汽油
never run acrss anyne quite like yu从来没有遇到过像你这样的人
12 break dwn [课本义]停止运转，出故障[增补义](身体)垮掉；(谈判等)失败；分解；划分；崩溃；拆毁
①Nt lng after his return，a lcal war brke ut near his twn.
②He brke in with sme ideas f his wn.
③Wrse still，my vehicle brke dwn halfway t the base，leaving me in ttal desperatin.
Friendship can be mended after it breaks dwn(在它破裂后)，as lng as we sincerely d smething fr ur friends.
break up 结束；(使)破碎；分裂；(使)散开
break in破门而入；打断(谈话等)
break int强行闯入；突然……起来
break ut(战争、火灾等)爆发；发生(无被动语态)
break away frm脱离；挣脱
break dwn in tears痛哭流涕
break dwn if yu wrk t hard 过分劳累身体会垮掉
13 [教材原句]The first，the larger the bdies were，the mre rapidly they fell...第一，物体越大，下降速度越快……
①The lnger he waited utside the perating rm，the mre anxius(anxius) he became.
②The mre rads and parking lts we pave，the less (little) water can flw int the grund t becme grundwater.
③The mre we d fr the peple，the happier (happy) we will feel.
The mre cmplicated(越复杂)the difficulties he faces，the calmer and braver he is.
◎“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”意为“越……，就越……”。
◎“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，表示本身程度的变化。
◎“the mre...，the less...”意为“越……，越不……”。
The mre she thught，the less she culd fall asleep.What happened during the day came t her mind like a mvie.她想得越多，就越无法入睡。白天发生的事像电影一样在她的脑海里浮现。
14 [教材原句]If peple hadn't taken the meat，the wlves wuld have left the farmers' sheep alne.如果人们不把肉拿走，狼就不会打农民的羊的主意了。
①If I were(be) yu，I wuld chse t wrk in a small twn.
②If it snwed(snw) tmrrw，ur plan wuld be pstpned.
③If I had knwn(knw) yu were cming，I wuld have met yu at the airprt.
①If I hadn't seen it with my wn eyes，I wuldn't have believed it.
如果我不是亲眼所见，我是不会相信的。
②If I didn't have s many things t deal with nw，I wuld definitely attend yur wedding.
要是我现在没有这么多事情要去应付，我一定会参加你的婚礼的。,
◎对过去情况的虚拟，if从句用had dne形式，主句用wuld/shuld/might/culd have dne形式。
◎对现在情况的虚拟，条件句用一般过去时，主句谓语用“wuld/shuld/might/culd＋动词原形”。
◎对将来情况的虚拟，条件句中谓语动词可用shuld d，were t d或动词的过去式三种形式，主句谓语用“wuld/shuld/might/culd＋动词原形”。
If I were t lse/shuld lse/lst yur friendship，I wuldn't be happy even if yu gave me the stars in the sky.要是失去了你的友谊，就是给我天上的星星我也不会高兴。
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空。
1．I've attempted t cnvince (cnvince) her f his hnesty，but in vain.
2．T satisfy children's curisity (curius)，we'd better answer their questins patiently.
3．She didn't dare t g there by air because she was frightened(frighten) that the plane wuld crash.
4．The sailrs steered the ship carefully t escape being harmed(harm) by the pwerful waves.
5．Obviusly，his survival(survive) depends n his perseverance t a degree.
6．I was cmpletely breathless(breath)when I gt t the tp f the muntain.
7．Cmpanies shuld prtect emplyees wh blw the whistle n dishnest(hnest)wrkmates and wrk practices.
8．These businessmen are anxius t knw(knw) the detailed cntents f the plicy.
9．After the cllege entrance examinatins，the students were all waiting anxiusly(anxius) fr the results t be published.
10．The pnd in ur village is nt big，measuring(measure) abut 2 metres acrss.
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．With my mney running ut，I have t ask my sister t d me a favur.
2．T make matters wrse，his car brke dwn at a lcatin where n help was accessible.
3．In my pinin，the yung man is equal t the jb n accunt f his creativity.
4．Tw factries were clsed in an attempt t cut csts.
5．If yu had helped me，I wuldn't have failed in the exam.
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空。
1．The rm has been empty fr a lng time and all the furniture is dusty (dust)．
2．The firefighters tried t save the peple trapped(trap) under buildings.
3．The student had difficulty wrking(wrk) ut the maths prblem.
4．The judge praised the firefighters fr their bravery (brave)．
5．Thugh the bell struck 2 'clck in the distance (distant)，we heard it clearly.
6．We had better take prtective(prtect) measures t prevent plar bears frm dying ut.
7．He shuld have an peratin (perate)，r he will be in danger f lsing his life.
8．Our schl is easy t find，in frnt f which stands (stand) a twer.
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．The disaster caused great damage t ur crps last year.
2．I need yur help；please dn't turn yur back n me.
3．The students have great difficulty with this type f sentences.
4．She waved vaguely in the directin f the huse.
5．He wrked hard at his study.As a result，he passed the exam easily.
Ⅰ.熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A lunchtime escape allws her t keep a bss frm tapping her n the shulder.B
A．逃跑，逃走 B．(暂时的)解脱 C．漏出；溢出
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)On every single mve yu have t analyze a situatin，prcess what yur ppnent(对手) is ding and evaluate the best mve frm amng all yur ptins.B
A．加工 B．审视 C．处理
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Adults understand what it feels like t be flded with bjects.A
A．给某人大量的(某物) B．淹没 C．涌现
Ⅱ.长难语句(分析句子的结构并将句子翻译成汉语)
1．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)An essay nt submitted in class n the due date will lse a letter grade fr each class perid it is late.
nt submitted in 为分词短语作后置定语。it is late为省略了关系词when的定语从句，修饰先行词each class perid。此用法在口语中较为常见。
[尝试翻译]没有按期在课堂上提交论文，每迟交一节课，分数就降一个等级。
2．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)If fd waste were a cuntry，it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.
本句是一个if虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反的情况。
[尝试翻译]如果食物浪费是一个国家，那么它将是世界上第三大温室气体制造国。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
On 1 June，1910，Captain Rbert Falcn Sctt began his jurney 1.t Antarctica.At the same time，the Nrwegian explrer Rald Amundsen was als ging suth.During the plar summer，bth teams rganised fd bases in 2.preparatin(prepare) fr their jurneys.Amundsen reached Antarctica first.Then he prepared fr the return jurney.Sctt 3.finally(final) arrived at the Ple.They 4.were shcked (shck) when they saw the Nrwegian flag.Sctt wrte sadly in his diary：“Well，we have nw lst the gal f ur ambitin and must face 800 miles f hard pushing—and gdbye t mst f ur 5.dreams(dream)．”
The return jurney was ne f the 6.wrst(bad) in the histry f they were cheerful，Sctt realised their hpeless situatin.Then a terrible strm started.Sctt spent sme f his last hurs 8.writing (write)．He wrte a letter full f sadness t his wife.The news f Sctt's death shcked 9.the wrld.He failed t win the race t the Ple，but the bravery 10.shwn (shw) by Captain Sctt and his men made them heres.
Step 1.要点提示(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子)
①大约三年前，鲍勃遭遇了一次可怕的风暴，这使他的身心受到重创。
Abut three years ag，Bb experienced a terrible strm，which brke his bdy and sul．
②一天，他冒险去那些岛屿捕了比别人更多的鱼。他遭遇了可怕的风暴。
One day，when he risked ging t the islands and gt mre fish，he met with a hrrible strm.
③他掉进海里，朝着漩涡的方向前进。
He fell int the sea and was pushed in the directin f the whirlpl.
④鲍勃感觉恶心，但位于漩涡的边缘时，他感到更镇静。
Bb felt sick but when he was n the edge f the whirlpl，he felt calmer.
⑤他做了三个重要的观察。
He made three imprtant bservatins．
⑥基于他的观察，他把自己绑在一个木桶上帮助他幸存下来。
Based n what he had bserved，he tied himself t a barrel，which helped him t survive．
Step 2.衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)
Abut three years ag，Bb experienced a terrible strm，which brke his bdy and sul.One day，when he risked ging t the islands and gt mre fish，he met with a hrrible strm.Unfrtunately，he fell int the sea and was pushed in the directin f the whirlpl.Bb felt sick but when he was n the edge f the whirlpl，he felt calmer.After a while，he made three imprtant bservatins.Based n what he had bserved，he tied himself t a barrel，which helped him t survive.
Step 1.储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
Step 2.尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段)
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。
大雨倾盆，街道被洪水淹没。Jhn 正在公交站点躲雨，这时他看到一辆汽车在深水中抛锚了。一个孩子好奇地打开车窗观察外面拍打车门的波浪。司机和乘客被困在了车里。吓坏了的母亲想抱着孩子从车里逃出来。突然，她滑倒了，Jhn震惊之余，立刻跑去救援。齐胸深的水让他呼吸困难，但他怎么能对这对溺水的母子置之不理呢？
It was puring and streets were flded.Jhn was taking shelter frm the rain at the bus stp when he saw a car break dwn in deep water.A child pened the windw curiusly t bserve the waves beating the dr utside.The driver and the passengers were trapped in the car.The frightened mther wanted t escape frm the car with the child in her arms.Suddenly，she slipped.Shcked，Jhn immediately came t their rescue.The chest­deep water made it hard fr him t breathe，but hw culd he turn his back n the drwning mther and sn?
续写语料积累
背诵·句之美
欣赏·语之秀
1.(行为描写)(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)I quickly searched the crwd fr the schl's cach and asked him what had happened.
2.(心理描写)(2021·沈阳市模拟)With each visit，I culd feel the ache in my heart lessen.
3.(人物描写)(2020·天津卷)This led Jnes t the cnclusin that there are t many extremely lnely peple in his cmmunity，wh are easy targets f cheating.
(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)I lked arund and finally sptted David，wh was standing by himself ff t the side by a fence.He was small fr ten years ld.His usual big tthy smile was absent tday.I walked ver and asked him why he wasn't with the ther children.He hesitated and then said he had decided nt t run.
核心单词
语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1.eruptin n．爆发
2.disaster n．灾难；灾祸
3.crwded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的
4.living adj.活的，活着的
5.attempt n．&vt.努力，尝试，企图
6.veruse vt.过度使用；滥用
7.equal adj.相等的；相同的
8.bservatin n．观察；观察结果
9.distant adj.久远的；遥远的
10.rescue n．&vt.营救；救援
11.interrupt vt.打断讲话
12.varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
13.measure vt.估量，衡量；测量
14.cnduct vt.实施；进行；执行 vi.&vt.指挥
15.base n．基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地
16.cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的
17.prve vt.证明；证实
1.Calculatins shw that that cuntry shuld have a majr vlcanic eruptin (erupt) every 38 years.
2.The village was struck by ne f the wrst disasters(disaster) in histry.
3.The mney was divided equally (equal) amng his fur children.
4.He ran quickly t the ld wman，attempting (attempt) t save her frm being kncked dwn.
5.He spke fr twenty minutes withut interruptin/being interrupted(interrupt).
6.Luckily，the drwning by was rescued (rescue) by a kind man at last.
7.There are many big trees in ur schl，sme measuring(measure) 20 meters high.
8.Under its new cnductr(cnduct)，the rchestra has established an internatinal reputatin.
9.The article is based (base) n guesses abut what might happen in the future.
10.As we have seen in previus chapters，visualizatin methds are varied(vary).
派生单词
语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1.shck vt.使震惊； 使难以置信→shcked adj.感到震惊的→shcking adj.令人震惊的，令人惊愕的
2.survive vi.&vt.活下来；幸存→survivr n．幸存者；幸免者→survival n．幸存，幸免
3.fright n．受惊，害怕→frighten v．使害怕，使受惊→frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的→frightening adj.令人害怕的
4.curius adj.好奇的→curisity n．好奇，好奇心→curiusly→adv.好奇地
5.prepare vt.准备，预备→preparatin n．预备，准备
6.prtect v．保护→prtectin n．保护；防护→prtective adj.保护的，防护的
7.breath n．呼吸→breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的，喘不过气来的
8.ambitin n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→ambitius adj.有雄心的；野心勃勃的
9.hnest adj.诚实的→hnesty n．坦诚；诚实，正直→dishnest adj.不诚实的
10.brave adj.勇敢的→bravery n．勇气；勇敢的行为
1.The yung man with great ambitin had an ambitius plan t build a schl in the pr village.(ambitin)
2.Yesterday，I climbed the muntain tp t breathe the fresh air.Althugh I became breathless when I was n the tp，the breath f fresh air was wrth it.(breath)
3.On seeing the frightening scene f the traffic accident，the frightened child was trembling with fright．(fright)
4.I was struck by the by full f curisity，wh was always asking sme questins curiusly．(curius)
5.When I came in，my mther was preparing a meal while my father was making preparatins fr his reprt.(prepare)
6.T prtect yur skin frm being sunburnt，yu can sit under the tree，which frms a natural prtectin frm the sun's rays.(prtect)
7.Everyne in the street was shcked when they heard the shcking news.(shck)
8.Only ne passenger survived the air crash.When the survivr was interviewed，he said his survival was a wnder.(survive)
9.I'm firmly cnvinced f the significance f hnesty(hnest)，which will cntribute t building a warm and harmnius sciety.
高频短语
语境运用(选用左栏短语的适当形式填空)
1.turn ne's back (n sb./sth.)
对……置之不理，对……撒手不管
2.all at nce
突然
3.n the edge f
在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)
4.in the directin f
朝着……方向
5.at great speed
以极快的速度
6.breathe in
吸气
7.carry n
继续
8.run ut
用完；耗尽
9.break dwn
停止运转，出故障
10.hld n t
抓住
1.I turned t my father fr help，but he turned his back n me.
2.Talking and laughing，they wandered ff in the directin f the nearest stre.
3.Yur sister passed me in her new car，driving at great speed.
4.He carried n telling jkes，laughing his head ff.
5.Dn't wrry.If ur mney runs ut，we can brrw sme frm my sister.
6.I was late this mrning because my car brke dwn n the way t the cmpany.
原句结构辨识
写作佳句背诵
1.the＋比较级...，the＋比较级... “越……，就越……”
The first，the larger the bdies were，the mre rapidly they fell...
离地面越高，空气就越稀薄。
The higher the grund is，the thinner the air becmes.
2.完全倒装
Then came the ttal darkness f the plar winter.
门开了，史密斯先生进来了。
The dr pened and in came Mr Smith.
3.对过去事实进行相反的假设
If peple hadn't taken the meat，the wlves wuld have left the farmers' sheep alne.
我如果看过这场电影，我就把电影内容告诉你了。
If I had seen the film，I wuld have tld yu abut it.
情感描写
动作描写
环境描写
shcked adj.震惊的
frightened adj.害怕的，受惊的
curius adj.好奇的，求知欲强的
anxiusly adv.焦急地；担忧地
cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的
turn ne's back n 对……置之不理
escape vt.& vi.逃离；逃避
bserve v．观察；看到
rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
trap v．困住；使陷入困境
breathe v．呼吸，呼气
break dwn出故障
fld n．洪水v.(使)灌满水；淹没
eruptin n．喷发；爆发
wave n．波浪，海浪
crwded adj.拥挤的；充满的
landscape n．风景，景色
shelter n．遮蔽(物)，庇护(处)